Cirad 2010

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(1)CIRAD 2010.

(2) CIRAD 2010. CIRAD is a French research centre working with developing countries to tackle international agricultural and development issues. With those countries, it works to generate new knowledge, support agricultural development, and contribute to the debate on the main global issues concerning agriculture, food and rural territories. CIRAD has a global network of partners and regional offices, from which it conducts joint operations with more than 90 countries. It has a staff of 1800, including 800 researchers. It has an annual budget of 214 million euros, with two thirds provided by the French government.. © CIRAD, May 2011 ISBN: 978-2-87614-678-5 EAN: 9782876146785.

(3) Editorial This 2010 edition of the annual report provides a brief and factual picture of the progress achieved by CIRAD research units in some of the projects carried out under the Centre’s main strategic lines of research. We also hope that it illustrates the diversity of our activities and their impacts on agricultural and rural development in tropical regions. In addition to showcasing the scientific results and achievements, this report presents a few major events in which CIRAD—a key stakeholder in global agricultural research governance—has been involved. Following the success of GCARD which was hosted in Montpellier in March, the decision to build the future CGIAR headquarters on the same site confirms the global esteem for this foremost agricultural research platform. CIRAD and its teams have been contributing to its dynamics through many collaborations with research and training organizations based in France and other Mediterranean and tropical countries. During 2010, all of CIRAD’s research units were assessed in the AERES 4-year evaluation, which also focused on organizational aspects of the Centre’s operations. Note here that CIRAD has been collectively striving to make the most of these assessments and to build—through dialogue—its research structure for the next 4-year term (2011-2014).. Gérard Matheron President.

(4) CONTENTS. Editorial. 1. Institutional highlights CIRAD, a stakeholder in global agricultural research governance Agrimonde, Scenarios and Challenges for Feeding the World in 2050. Secure biological resource exchanges INTER-TROP network of biological resources centres Biodiversity at CIRAD: 250 experts, 1/5 of its publications. Biotechnology training: CIRAD’s commitment with African universities Gérard Matheron is appointed CIRAD President CIRAD’s Scientific Council in Cotonou. Collective research tools for the scientific community Visacane, the CIRAD sugarcane quarantine service REFUGE, a hosting and training platform. Social science research in New Caledonia: a unique 10 year partnership Renewed accreditation of the wood preservation laboratory. 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9. Research Line 1 . Ecological intensification. 10. Decoding the cocoa genome Evolutionary history of the shea tree in Sudano-Sahelian Africa. Sequencing the genome of two plant trypanosomids Tracking banana weevil movements Tracking greyback cane beetle flights by radiotelemetry Early identification of male tilapia. 12 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22. Line 2 . Biomass energy. 23. New strategies for catalytic gasification of biomass Charcoal in Madagascar: reconciling urban demand and sustainable management. 24. Reconstructing meristem growth via cell imaging. Ecological intensification in orchards: cover crops to control weeds Nutrient cycles in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil and Congo Regenerating argan tree stands in Morocco Xanthomonas albilineans, a small but sturdy genome. Djolibois, a role-playing game for the fuelwood supply chain in Bamako. 26 27 27. Line 3 . Food. 29. The imperfect transmission of world prices to domestic agricultural markets in sub-Saharan Africa Developing markets through innovations: cowpeas in Burkina Faso. 30 32. Arina, charcoal in Madagascar.

(5) Supporting the development of food supply chains in West Africa Near-infrared spectroscopy for analysing shea butter. 32 33 33. A biological barcode for food products. 34. First natural waxy cassava starch. 35. A reference book on vanilla. 35. Preventing and reducing mycotoxin contamination. 36. Line 4 . Animal health and emerging diseases. 37. Liposomes: an innovative system for vaccination. 38. Optimizing tsetse fly eradication campaign in West Africa. 40. Health ecology and the management of emerging diseases in Zimbabwe. 41. Rift Valley fever: what risk for Eurasia?. 42. Emerging diseases epidemiology in plants, animals and humans. 42. Wildfowl and the transmission of avian influenza in Africa. 43. Line 5 . Public policy. 44. Reinvesting development strategies to adress structural challenges. 46. Regulating through standards: standardisation mechanisms sustainable development governance. 48. Renewing approaches to innovation: the ISDA 2010 symposium. 49. Innovating with the rural actors: action-research partnerships. 49. The law of geographical indications: India’s experience. 50. How do States formulate their sustainable rural development policies?. 51. Rural council management, community management and local development. 52. Line 6 . Rural areas. 54. Woody biomass decay in a French Guianan forest. 56. When family farming protects the Amazon rainforest. 57. Mycorrhizal fungi, partners in the adaptation of plants to their environment. 58. Awards for the Biotik software. Architectural diagnosis and maturity of French Guianan forests Farmers and the modernisation of irrigation schemes in Tunisia. 59 60 61. Sharing water resources in the rice-growing region of Klaten, Indonesia. 62. The greening of the Sahel: natural vegetation dynamics or land use change?. 63. Managing chlordecone pollution in the French West Indies. 64. Indicators. 66. Organization. 72. CIRAD worldwide. 74. CONTENTS. Evaluating the impact of processing techniques on the nutritional value of foods.

(6) CIRAD, a stakeholder in global agricultural research governance The restructuring of agricultural research for development has led to a new age of collaborations for CIRAD, which is now striving to take a more active role in global agricultural research governance. It has the resources required to achieve this goal and just launched a series of initiatives through which it intends to make effective use of its expertise and share its values.. Agreenium, what France has to offer in the agroscience field. © P. Poilecot / CIRAD.

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(275) ,Q CONTACT > Alain Derevier, Rome, Office of the Director General in charge of Research and Strategy. Paillard S., Treyer S., Dorin B., 2010. Agrimonde, Scenarios and Challenges for Feeding the World in 2050. Coll. Matière à débattre et décider, Quae, 296 p. (also published in French) CONTACT > Bruno Dorin, Montpellier, Center for International Research on Environment and Development (UMR CIRED). 5 . Institutional highlights.

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(357) , CIRAD 2010 . 6. Secure biological resource exchanges Genetic resource access and management are pivotal to research and development initiatives for developing countries. The transfer of these resources gives rise to complex specific issues. CIRAD is thus developing ethics, guidelines and methods to ensure, in compliance with international conventions, proper conditions for the management and optimal use of these resources.

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(522) 5699,Q CONTACT > Philippe Feldmann, Montpellier, Biological Resource Committee.

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(579) , CONTACT > Jean-Louis Sarah, Montpellier, Office of the Director General in charge of Research and Strategy. Biotechnology training: CIRAD’s commitment with African universities CIRAD continues to promote the development of university collaborations that give rise to new intervention approaches, particularly through the use of new distance training technology. Two plant biotechnology courses, designed in collaboration with West African universities and French institutions, highlight CIRAD’s commitment in this area.. Biotechnology training in Africa 0

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(650) , CONTACT > Alain Rival, Montpellier, Crop Diversity, Adaptation and Development (UMR DIADE). © J. Lançon / CIRAD. Partners > Agence universitaire de la francophonie (AUF), University of Paris-Sud, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Abomey-Calavi University (Benin)). Rival A. et al., 2010. Sudbiotech-Bénin: un module de formation intégrée en biotechnologie végétale. In: XIIes Journées scientifiques du réseau Bioveg, AUF, Cluj-Napca, Romania, September 2010. CIRAD, a partner in an international tropical biotechnology Master’s programme '0 " '

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(693) , CONTACT > Nadine Zakhia, Higher Education and Training Service Seven West African universities participating in the MIBioT Master’s programme. University of Ouagadougou (UO), Burkina Faso University of Nouakchott (UN), Mauritania Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Senegal University of Bamako (UB), Mali University of Abobo-Adjamé (UAA), Ivory Coast Abomey Calavi University (UAC), Benin. Abdou Moumouni University (UAM), Niger. 7 . Institutional highlights.

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(871) ' ,. CONTACT > Delphine Mieulet, Montpellier, Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (UMR AGAP). www.refuge-platform.org. CONTACT > Jean-Claude Girard, Isabelle Guinet, Montpellier, Biology and Genetics of PlantPathogen Interactions (UMR BGPI). http://visacane.cirad.fr/en/. REFUGE, a hosting and training platform )!H8)

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(892) - . © D. Mieulet / CIRAD. CIRAD and its partners rely on increasingly sophisticated equipment and infrastructures, collections of rare biological resources, and long-term monitoring and testing approaches in order to facilitate and obtain the best results in research projects. As these research tools are expensive and require highly specialized technical staff, they are often shared in open facilities..

(893) Social science research in New Caledonia: a unique 10 year partnership New Caledonia has, since 1988, been involved in a negotiated decolonization process in which research has a key role. The country thus set up an agricultural research institute (IAC) in 2000, with CIRAD as a strategic partner. Over the last 10 years, CIRAD and IAC have been developing research on rural household strategies, on links between mining and agricultural activities, as well as on the original public policies that have been implemented in this emancipation process.. Farmer in a seed garden set up to preserve Tiouande clones belonging to the Tiwaé tribe © C. Gaillard/IAC.

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(907) ,N$#

(908)

(909) $

(910)

(911)

(912)

(913) -

(914) (,

(915) - 5666 -

(916) - . . -

(917)

(918)

(919) ,-/ .

(920)

(921)

(922)

(923)

(924)

(925)

(926)

(927) ,.

(928)

(929)

(930) $

(931) . .

(932)

(933)

(934)

(935)