Phenotyping rice response to heat: Methodology to discriminate spikelet sterility and grain quality

Phenotyping rice response to heat:

Methodology to discriminate spikelet

sterility and grain quality

Tanguy Lafarge

z

Avoidance

(

adapted physiology or phenology which allows sensitive

stages to occur when temperature is below critical or which

maintains temperature below critical

):

–

early Time of the Day of Flowering (TDF)

–

favorable canopy architecture

–

high rate of transpirational cooling (panicle and leaf transpiration)

–

anthesis disynchrony among panicles of the same plant

z

Tolerance

(

adapted physiological and biochemical systems able to

withstand at temperature above critical

):

–

high rate of anther dehisence and anthesis: high fertility rate

–

high grain filling rate including high remobilization: good grain quality

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Time (HH:MM)

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Danger

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Observing

the process

of anthesis

along the

panicle every

30 minutes

Phenotyping for heat avoidance

ASD1 - A & B

Time (hourly obs)

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APO - A & B

Time (hourly obs)

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Pr

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n Daily

Flow

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Avoidance: some results of the time of the day of flowering

What was observed here was the time of the day of flowering

of the first 10 spikelets of the day, not of the peak of the day

Principles for avoidance with favorable plant architecture

z

The tissue temperature is different from the ambient

temperature with respect to the local environment (radiation,

temperature and relative humidity inside the canopy, soil and

water temperature), to the spatial position and orientation of

the organ and to the physiological processes (transpiration)

z

There is a genotypic variability for the plant architecture and

for the response of the physiological processes to the

environment: in the same environment, the tissue (panicle)

temperature will vary between genotypes

z

The characterization of plant architecture provides some

information on the ability of the plant to reduce the panicle

temperature: size of the plant leaf area, position and shape of

the panicle, distance between the flag leaf and the panicle

Characterizing the plant

architecture (panicle width,

leaf angle, plant height)

and collecting plant leaf

area and plant biomass

Characterizing the plant (architecture and biomass) at flowering

Genotype

N ip pon bar e W A B 70 6-3 -4-K 4-K B -1 IR 5 323 6-2 75-1 IR 754 99- 53-1 E loni Le ve x Di w ani IA C 1 6 5 To ka m b an y 6 6 9 Van dan a Giza 1 7 1 91 -38 5 Te lovo la n a Sw arn a has a n S erai B odo man o Ro jo k ely R ojofots y 69 3 IR 74 371 -54 -1-1 P C T1 100 2,B O 1 >5 5- 1-3-1 Loha m bi tr o Za lC h a IR 23 44 -P IP B-9- 3-2B Padi R aoe k an g W A S 17 4-3 -3 -5 G opa l P eh K u h Do m S ofi d Te qui n g PT B 2 5 Te lim ani Sh ai k u h A ngi fot s y 68 5 ASD 1 K alin g a I II SO M C AU O ry zic a Ll a nos 5 IR 5 0 Dour ad o A gul h a AP O W AS 1 83-B -6 -2 -3 Na m R o o BR 1 Va ry Va to 1 5 4 M2 02 Go ch i B o ro K auk k yi A ni Wa y R a re m K hao D am P elit a J a ngg ut M or o ber ek a n S ambal a M al o JC 9 1 K itran a 5 0 8 Ts ak a So n a Du la r RT S 1 2 Ta m ca u 9 A Ir at 12 1 Tsip a la Me na 62 6 MT U 9 K itra na 18 90 Po kka li F ede ar ro z 5 0 Ts ip ala Fo ts y 1 23 1 UP L RI -7 O Luen C he un g W A S55-*B -B 2- 1-2-5 O ry z ica S a bana 1 0 A R C -15 87 2 S ebo ta 6 5 Va ry Va to 4 6 2 UP L RI -5 Bo tr ik ely Ra th uw e e Beng al y 38 9 Te le p B ets ila izin a Ra y Na bja W A S2 00 -B -B -1 -1 -1 WA SS A Ca rr eo n T aic hu ng N a tive 1 W A S2 07 -B -B -3 -1 -1 IR 15 61-228 -3-3 W A S 63- 22-5 -9- 10-1 B oto hav ana 13 9 IR 2 0 Be ngal y M ori mo V at o M ats oama lon a Pe ta IR 5792 4-2 4 W AS 1 99 -B -1 -2 -1 T sipal a B 16 0 Bo tra M aits o Jeng ar IR 2344 -P 1P B-9- 3-2B Mena ho ditra 1 23 4 V ary L ava D e M aro v ato A dny 1 1 IR 19 746 -28 -2-2 BH 2 W A S2 03 -B -B -2 -2 -1 R ojo m en a 10 34 Pi n T aw n g Mac an B inu nd ok RT S 1 4 W A S2 00 -B -B -1 -1 -2 KA TI W A S 57-B -B -3- 1-4-6 Ga m bia ka K o ko u m DR 9 2 W A S 173 B -B -6 -2-2 N o na B ok ra C2 1 So m ca u W A S1 82 -B -1 -1 Sa h el 1 5 9 W A S2 0 -B -B-1-2 -2 N gaj a Ma ng ava va F ots ila ns ts ik a 11 77 IR5 IR 2 2 Na m S a G u i 1 9 B 6 14 4-M R -6 -0-0 B oua ke 18 9 IR 8 K ia ng C hou Chi u Pa T ou H ung Sa th i3 4-3 6 W AS 2 08-B -B -5- 1-1-3 P eh K uh T soa T u Ga m bia k a W AS2 1-B -B-2 0-4 -3 -3 S eber an g M r7 7 Ts ip ala Fo ts y 1 88 3 Ba sm a ti 3 7 0 D ana u La u t T aw ar Ch ie m Ch a n W A S 19 7-B -6 -3 -1 1 IR 5541 9-0 4 C hau W AS 62-B -B 1 7- 1-1-3 So m iz y IR 20 06-P 12 -12 -2-2 F ede arr oz 20 00 Lat sib oz ak a -1 12-1 C T 6510 -24 -1-2 Ci ca 8 R ay Ja za yka yz Ro jo m e na B 4 8 93 -11 IR 6 0 W A S2 03 -B -B -2 -4 -1 Az uc en a IR 57 920 -A C 25 -2-B K hao D aw k M a li 10 5 IR 5541 1-5 0 DA 9 Ba la PO PO T W A S 16 9-B -B -1 -1 IR 6 4 V ary M adi ni k a SA H EL IKA W A S 18 1- B-6-3 SA O W A S1 69 -B -B -4 -2 -1 D hol a A m an Pu rb ia IR 23 07 -2 4 7-2 -2 -3 Gie 5 7 Lai tr a DA 5 IR 2 8 To ka m b an y 6 6 3 C4 6 3G IR 3 6 Ch itra j Ra thal S hor t G rai n B G 90-2 Ar an g N2 2 Niono k a RT S 5 Ga jp a ti IR 5 2 W AS 50-B -B 2 4- 4-2-1 H1 5 -2 3-DA Ka lila M en a W A S 30 -1 1-4 -6 -2 -2 -1 IR 62 266 -42 -6-2 Ho vaiz e h W AS3 3-B -B-1 5-1 -4 -5 W A S 1 05 B-ID SA- B-W A S2 -1 -F K R -1 Ma m o riak a IR 7 2 Si nta n e Si th ir a Ka li Mak alio ka 3 4 W A S 49-B -B -1- 9-4-2 JC 1 2 0 W AS 1 98 -B -3 -1 -3 FR 13A K ogon i 9 1 -1 Th ap ac h in iy a G ua n Y in T san A i Ch ia o Ho n g Ka sa la th Mal ady W AS 1 94-B -3 -2 -5 Ja m aijig i

Le

af

ar

ea (

c

m

2

)

500

1000

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Leaf Area A

Leaf Area B

Genotype

Mo ro be re ka n IR 53 23 6-2 75 -1 Kh a o D am Te lo vo la n a Pi n T aw n g W A B 70 6-3 -4 -K 4-K B -1 Wa y R a re m El o ni L eve x C T 65 10 -2 4-1 -2 Loham bi tr o C2 1 K itra na 18 90 IR8 Ra th u we e Di w an i IR 74 37 1-54 -1-1 Te le p Ts ip a la Fo ts y 1 23 1 IA C 16 5 S eb era ng Mr 77 Ga m bia ka 93 -1 1 A ngi fo ts y 68 5 P C T1 10 02 ,B O 1 >55 -1 -3-1 Pe ta To ka m b an y 6 6 9 V anda n a Du la r Ga m bia ka K o ko u m Go pa l IR 55 41 9-04 JC 9 1 Je ng ar PO PO T S e bo ta 6 5 Tsipal a M en a 6 2 6 BR 1 F ede ar roz 5 0 IR 2 2 Ka lil a M en a K itr an a 5 0 8 O ry z ica S a ban a 1 0 Ts ak a Va ry V a to 1 5 4 Az uc en a BH 2 D our ad o A gul h a F ede arr oz 20 00 P elit a J ang gut Va ry V a to 4 6 2 B 6 14 4-M R -6 -0 -0 Ben gal y M or imo D ana u La ut T aw ar O ry zic a L lanos 5 Ts ip ala B 16 0 UP L R I-7 Ar an g Bo do m an o IR 57 92 4-24 JC 1 2 0 Manga va va F ots ila n sts ik a 1 17 7 No na B o kra Pa di R a oek an g P okka li Te lim an i UP L R I-5 IR 75 49 9- 53-1 Ka ukk yi A n i K h ao D aw k M a li 1 0 5 H 15-23 -D A Ho vaiz e h Ir at 12 1 Ra y N a bja R o jo ke ly RT S 1 4 Be ts ila iz in a Ca rr eo n Ro jofo ts y 6 9 3 S am bal a M al o S a thi 3 4-36 S hor t G rai n So n a Ta m c au 9 A W A S 20-B -B -1 -2-2 IR 23 44-P IP B-9 -3 -2 B AP O M2 02 K ogo ni 9 1-1 Na m S a G u i 1 9 R ojo m e na 10 34 S hai k u h W AS 1 83 -B -6 -2 -3 Do m S ofi d Gi za 1 7 1 A dny 1 1 Go ch i B o ro ha s an S era i O L uen C heun g PT B 2 5 R oj om ena B 4 8 Ts ip a la Fo ts y 1 88 3 W A S1 82 -B -1 -1 C4 6 3G IR 57 92 0-A C 25 -2-B Mak al iok a 3 4 AS D 1 Benga ly 38 9 B oto h av ana 13 9 Bo tr ik ely G ua n Y in T san K alinga II I KA TI Ma c an B inu nd o k Na m Ro o Ng aja Pu rb ia Sw arn a V ar y M adi n ik a W A S 207 -B -B -3 -1 -1 Ba la Ga jp a ti Pe h K u h RT S 1 2 W A S 17 4-3 -3 -5 W AS3 3- B-1 5-1 -4 -5 91 -3 85 V ary Lav a D e M aro v ato W AS 1 94 -B -3 -2 -5 AR C -1 5 87 2 Ci ca 8 Pa T ou H un g W AS 2 08 -B -B -5 -1 -1 -3 FR 1 3A C hau DR 9 2 MT U 9 Pe h Ku h T s oa T u Lai tr a Me na ho ditra 12 34 SAH EL IKA So m iz y To ka m b an y 6 6 3 V a to Mats oa m alo n a W A S 173 B -B -6 -2-2 W A S 203 -B -B -2 -2 -1 Te qui n g IR 20 06 -P 12-12 -2-2 T aic hu ng N ative 1 Za lC h a IR 2 0 Thap ac hi ni y a K iang C hou C hi u D ho la A m an IR 15 61 -2 28 -3-3 S in tan e S ithir a K ali W A S 197-B -6-3-1 1 W A S 200 -B -B -1 -1 -1 W A S55 -* B -B 2- 1-2 -5 DA 9 IR 5 Ka s ala th Mam o riak a SO M C A U DA 5 IR 5 2 SA O W A S 63-22 -5- 9- 10-1 W A SSA Bo u ak e 1 8 9 IR 62 26 6-42 -6-2 W AS 1 98 -B -3 -1 -3 W A S 203 -B -B -2 -4 -1 W AS 6 2-B-B1 7-1 -1 -3 Ba sm a ti 3 7 0 N ipp on bar e IR 23 07 -2 4 7-2 -2 -3 Ma la d y IR 23 44 -P 1P B-9-3 -2 B IR 3 6 IR 7 2 W AS 1 99 -B -1 -2 -1 W A S 200 -B -B -1 -1 -2 W AS2 1- B-2 0-4 -3 -3 R ay J aza yka yz W AS 1 05 B-ID SA- B-W AS2 -1 -F KR -1 W A S 30 -1 1-4 -6 -2 -2 -1 W AS 5 0-B-B2 4-4 -2 -1 W A S5 7 - B-3-1 -4 -6 IR 6 4 N2 2 Bo tra M aits o Ch itra j So m ca u IR 5 0 L ats ib oz aka -11 2-1 IR 19 74 6-28 -2-2 BG 90 -2 Ra th a l A i Ch ia o Ho n g IR 55 41 1-50 W A S4 9 - B-1-9 -4 -2 N ion ok a W A S 16 9-B -B -1 -1 RT S 5 S ahel 15 9 Ch ie m Ch a n IR 2 8 Ja m aijig i W A S 169 -B -B -4 -2 -1 W A S 18 1-B-6 -3 IR 6 0 Gie 5 7

T

ill

er Nu

mb

er per pl

a

n

t

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

Tiller No A

Tiller No B

Avoidance: variability of tiller and leaf area at flowering

Genotype

N ipp on ba re T elim ani 9 1-385 IR 1561 -2 28- 3-3 G iz a 171M202Diw a ni Bal a IR 53236 -275-1 W A B 706-3-4 -K4-K B-1 IR 7549 9- 53-1 IR 1974 6- 28- 2-2 W A S 57- B-B -3- 1- 4-6 IR 7437 1- 54- 1-1 DR9 2 IR 20 06-P1 2- 1 2-2 ha san Ser ai SOM C A U Va nd a na IA C 165 IR 234 4-P1P B -9 -3 -2 B W A S2 1- B-B -20- 4- 3-3 W A S 200-B -B - 1-1 IR 64 IR 554 19-04 Ra th al Var y M a d ini ka Gi e 5 7 WA S S A Sh or t Gr a in IR 28 W A S55 -* B -B 2- 1- 2-5 C T 651 0- 24- 1-2 IR 20 IR 60 N2 2 K alin ga III Ho v aiz eh T a ic hung N a tiv e 1 Peh Ku h T so a T u W A S 20-B -B -1- 2-2 W A S2 08-B -B -5- 1-3 S a thi 34-36 So m c au K ian g C h ou C hi u IR 2307-2 47- 2-3 W A S5 0- B-B 2 4- 2-1 Du la r W A S 203-B -B - 2-1 Sa he l 159 Chau IR 5792 0-AC 25 -2 -B IR 36 Te qu in g AS D 1 Go ch i Bo ro W A S 3 0 -1 1 -4 -6 -2 -2 -1 Ai Ch ia o Ho ng UPL RI -7 W A S 200-B -B - 1-2 O Lue n C he u ng W A S 1 9 8 -B -3 -1 -3 Ng a ja D a na u La ut Ta w a r W A S3 3- B-B -15- 1- 4-5 W A S6 2- B-B 17- 1-3 IR 22 Sebo ta 6 5 O ryzi c a S a bana 1 0 W A S 63-22 -5- 9- 10-1 W A S 169-B -B -4- 2-1 W A S 169-B -B- 1-1 B 61 4 4 -M R -6 -0 -0 W A S 1 8 2-B -1 -1 Ra y Na b ja IR 72 W A S1 74- 3-5 W A S 1 9 9 -B -1 -2 -1 Na m Ro o 93-11 W A S 1 9 4 -B -3 -2 -5 N ionoka IR 554 11-50 W A S 1 8 3 -B -6 -2 -3 Mo ro b ere k an P C T110 02, BO 1> 55- 1- 3-1 So na Zal C ha PT B 25 Wa y R a re m Gu an Y in T s an W A S 49- B-B -1- 9- 4-2 W A S 18 1- B- 6-3 El o ni L ev e x W A S 197-B -6- 3-11 Ci c a 8 Bot ohavan a 1 39 UPL RI -5 Te lo v ola na Sw a rn a Kas ala th AP O L oham b itro F e de ar roz 20 00 BG 90-2 Ja m a iji gi Te le p Ts a ka C2 1 R a y J a zaykayz S e be ra ng M r77 A dny 11 Kh ao D a m To ka m b a ny 669 IR 52 M ac a n Bi nun d o k W A S 173 B -B- 6- 2-2 K o g o ni 91-1 MT U 9 B a sm ati 370 S in tan e Si th ir a Kal i IR 6226 6- 42- 6-2 W A S 207-B -B -3- 1-1 Bo tr ik e ly O ry z ic a L lan os 5 IR 579 24-24 Peh Ku h C4 6 3 G Ro jo m en a B 48 W A S 1 05 B-ID SA -B -W A S 2- 1-F K R -1 AR C -15 872 W A S 203-B -B -2- 4-1 S am b al a M a lo Do m So fid IR 8 L ats ib o za ka - 112-1 Az u ce na M an g av av a F ot s ilan s ts ik a 1 1 77 Ch ie m Ch an Go p al T h ap ac h in iy a V ary Va to 154 Laitra F e de ar roz 5 0 Ma m o ria ka Ro jo ke ly JC 91 R o jo fo ts y 693 To ka m b a ny 663 IR 50 R ojo m e na 1 034 B oua ke 189 BR1 Ta m ca u 9 A KATI SA O P a T ou H un g Sha i k uh P o kkal i Na m S a G u i 1 9 RT S 5 SA HEL IK A B ets ila iz in a IR 5 Bod o m a no V a ry L av a D e M a ro v a to P e lita J an g g ut So m iz y H 15-23 -D A Bot ra M ait so Ts ip al a F ots y 12 31 RT S 1 2 Ira t 1 21 K it ra na 508 T sip al a B1 60 D o ur ad o Ag ul ha V a to M ats o am alo na Ts ip a la M e na 626 IR 2 344-P IP B -9 -3-2B C a rre on A ng ifo ts y 685 K itr an a 18 90 Pu rb ia Ben gal y M ori m o Ma la d y M ak a lio ka 3 4 J C 120 Ra th u w ee Pet a Ch it ra j Ts ip al a F ots y 18 83 Ga mb ia ka K o ko u m RT S 1 4 Pi n Taw ng V ary Va to 462 DA9 Jengar K ha o D a w k M a li 105 P a di R ao e kan g FR1 3 A M ena ho d it ra 1 234 K a lila M e na No n a B o kra Be ng a ly 389Ara ng Ga m b ia ka Ga jp a ti D hol a A m an DA5 Kauk kyi An i BH2 POP O T

Dead

lea

f dry

w

ei

ght

(g)

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

Dead leaf dry weightA

Dead leaf dry weightB

Avoidance: variability of plant dead leaf dry weight at flowering

Genotype

F edear roz 5 0 N ippon b ar e SAO 91 -385 Be ng aly Mo rim o IR 8 K og oni 91-1 M ang a vav a F o ts ila ns ts ik a 1177 S e bera ng M r77 Ba la DR92 G iz a 171 B eng aly 389 Na m S a G ui 19 SAH EL IKA S in tan e S ith ira K ali Sw a rn a IR 64 Ga m b ia ka Di w ani F ed earr oz 2000 Ga jp ati G a m bia ka Ko ko um H15- 23-DA IR 22 K alila M e na K itra na 508 Ma m oria ka T aic hu ng Na ti ve 1 Tsip a la M ena 626 V ary V ato 1 54 W AS2 0 3-B-B-2 -4 -1 El o ni L e vex N22 O ry z ica L lan os 5 B G 90-2 IR 28 W AS 1 0 5 B-I D SA-B-W AS2 -1 -F KR -1 93 -1 1 Jengar APO FR 13 A Ka uk kyi An i B e ts ilaiz in a C4 63G DA 5 Do ur a do A g ul ha Gu an Y in Ts an ha s an S e ra i IR 5 Ma kalio ka 3 4 Pin T a w ng So m iz y W A S 173 B -B -6- 2-2 W AS2 0 3-B-B-2 -2 -1 W A S 63- 22- 5- 9- 10-1 W A B 706- 3- 4-K 4-KB -1 Dul a r Pe h Ku h P elita J a ng gu t Ta m c au 9 A W AS 198- B-3- 1-3 IR 2 344-P IP B -9- 3-2 B B o ua k e 189 JC 91 T sipala B 1 60 V ary V ato 4 62 K h ao D aw k M ali 1 05 Ci ca 8 Ho va iz eh K ian g C hou C hiu PO PO T W AS1 6 9-B-B-4 -2 -1 W AS2 0 7-B-B-3 -1 -1 M 202 Ira t 1 21 Te lov o lan a W AS1 8 2-B-1-1 IR 5541 9-04 W AS2 0 0-B-B-1 -1 -1 Az u ce na CT 6510- 24- 1-2 IR 36 N ion ok a K hao D am Bo trik e ly IR 62266- 42- 6-2 IR 74371- 54- 1-1 O Lue n Che ung Ra y Na b ja So na Va ry Ma din ika KAT I Wa y R are m Do m S o fid Sa m b ala M a lo W AS2 0 0-B-B-1 -1 -2 Chi em Cha n T equi ng Ad ny 11 Ar a ng D h ola A m an Go p al IR 20 IR 2307 -247 - 2-3 Padi R aoe ka ng PC T 11 002, B O 1 >55 -1- 3-1 UP L RI -7 W A S 169-B -B -1-1 W AS 183- B-6- 2-3 IR 72 Ra th a l IR 2006 -P 1 2-2 C21 J ama ijigi B 6144-M R -6- 0-0 T hapac hi niy a V a to M ats o am a lo na W AS 194- B-3- 2-5 W AS 2 1-B -B -20- 4- 3-3 W A S 49-B-B -1 -9- 4-2 M or ober ek an IR 532 36- 275-1 R ay J aza yka yz IR 2344-P 1P B -9- 3-2 B Se bo ta 6 5 Bo tr a Ma itso IR 5792 0-AC 25- 2-B Na m Ro o No na B okra W A S 30- 11- 4- 6- 2-1 Za lC ha V an dan a W A S 57-B-B -3 -1- 4-6 Ro jo ke ly BH 2 BR 1 Chi tr aj W A S 62-B -B 17 - 1-3 W AS 199- B-1- 2-1 B asm ati 370 IR 50 Sa he l 159 Te lim an i Te le p IR 60 B odo m an o Da na u L au t T aw a r Lo ha m bitro Pe ta T sip a la F ots y 1231 T sip a la F ots y 1883 W A S 197-B -6- 3-11 IR 5541 1-50 M enah odit ra 1234 A R C-15872 IR 75 499- 53-1 R o jo fo tsy 6 93 B oto ha vana 139 L ats iboz ak a -11 2-1 P a T o u Hung Ro jo m ena B 48 IR 1561- 228- 3-3 Sa th i3 4-36 M a lady O ry z ic a S aba na 10 RT S 12 UP L RI -5 A ng ifo ts y 685 Go ch i B oro Ng a ja W AS1 7 4-3 -3 -5 W AS2 0-B-B-1 -2 -2 Ka sa la th Ra thuw ee Sh a i ku h To kam bany 663 Po k kali R ojom ena 1034 W A S55-*B -B 2- 1- 2-5 A i Chi ao Ho ng JC 120 W AS 3 3-B -B -15- 1- 4-5 C ar reon K alin ga I II W A S 18 1-B -6-3 IR 19746- 28- 2-2 IR 5792 4-24 So m c au Pu rb ia IA C 165 Sh o rt G ra in Ts a ka SO MC AU MT U 9 W AS 2 08-B-B -5- 1-3 W A S 50-B -B 24 -4- 2-1 Cha u W ASSA RT S 14 V ary L ava D e M aro vato IR 52 La itra To kam bany 669 Gi e 5 7 ASD 1 K it ra na 1890 M ac an B in und ok P eh K uh Ts oa T u DA 9 RT S 5 PT B 2 5

Pan

icle width

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m)

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Panicle diameter A

Panicle diameter B

Genotype

D h ol a A m an KAT I K itrana 5 0 8 Pe h Ku h Ra thuw ee Ts ipal a M ena 6 2 6 So m c au W A S 30 -1 1 -4 -6 -2 -2 -1 Ka uk kyi An i N22 H15- 23-DA IR 62 266- 42- 6-2 Jengar Na m S a G ui 19 R ay Ja za yka yz Si nta n e Si th ira Ka li Ta m cau 9 A W A S 63- 22- 5- 9-1 0-1 G a m bia ka K oko um T equ in g Be ng aly M o rim o Go pa l O Lue n C h eung F ede ar roz 5 0 K alila M e na IR 3 6 Ro jo fo ts y 693 W AS 21-B -B -20- 4- 3-3 Ga m b ia ka A i Ch ia o Ho ng A ng ifo ts y 685 B o ua ke 189 Ci c a 8 DA 5 DA 9 Ga jp ati IR 19 746- 28- 2-2 Jama ijig i K it ra na 1890 K ogoni 91 -1 Ma kalio ka 34 Ma m oria ka Me na ho ditra 1234 Pa di R aoe ka ng Pi n T a w ng Pu rb ia RT S 5 So m iz y Sw a rn a V ary L ava D e M aro vato Va ry Va to 4 6 2 W AS 1 83 -B -6 -2 -3 W A S 203-B -B -2- 4-1 W A S 207-B -B -3- 1-1 W A S 20-B -B -1- 2-2 T aic hung Na tiv e 1 W AS 105 B -I D SA -B -W A S 2-1 -F K R -1 W A S 49-B-B -1- 9- 4-2 BH 2 FR 13 A G iz a 171 B 6 14 4-M R -6 -0 -0 Ba la B eng aly 389 Ca rr e on IR 15 61- 228- 3-3 IR 5 2 IR 6 0 Ka sala th No na B o kra Ro jo ke ly S e bera ng Mr 77 So na W A S 173 B -B -6- 2-2 W A S 19 7-B -6 -3 -1 1 SO MC AU N ip pon ba re Chi tra j IR 2 2 IR 55411 -50 IR 74 371- 54- 1-1 JC 120 Ma la dy Po k kali V ar y M adi nik a V a to M ats o am a lo na W AS 1 99 -B -1 -2 -1 Loh am bi tr o R at hal W A S 16 9-B -B -1 -1 Za lC ha Ki an g C ho u C hiu W A S 5 0-B -B 2 4- 2-1 ASD 1 Mo ro b ere k an BG 9 0-2 Bo d om a no Cha u Ch ie m Cha n F ede arr oz 2000 IR 2 8 IR 8 O ry zic a Ll anos 5 P a T o u Hung Pe lit a Ja ng gu t Ro jo m ena B 4 8 RT S 14 Se bo ta 6 5 W A S 200-B -B - 1-1 W A S 57-B-B -3- 1- 4-6 A dny 11 SAH EL IKA Bo trik e ly JC 9 1 Sa th i3 4 -3 6 T sip al a B 16 0 DR92 B asm ati 370 Dul a r K h ao D a wk M ali 1 0 5 93 -11 Bo tr a Ma it so Di w ani IR 5 0 To ka m ban y 6 6 3 T sip a la F ots y 1231 T sip a la F ots y 1883 W A S 55-*B -B 2- 1- 2-5 W ASSA W AS 33-B -B -15- 1- 4-5 W A S 6 2-B -B 17- 1-3 APO IR64 B ot ohav ana 1 3 9 has an S er ai IR 55419 -04 IR 57924 -24 Ira t 1 2 1 Sa m b ala M alo Sh a i ku h S hor t G rai n UP L RI -7 W A S 182-B -1-1 W AS 1 98 -B -3 -1 -3 Wa y R are m UP L RI -5 Th ap ac hin iy a W A S 200-B -B - 1-2 O ry z ic a S aba na 10 A RC-15872IR72 Sa he l 159 Do m S o fid CT 6510- 24- 1-2 Ng aja Te lim an i W A S 174- 3-5 W A S 181-B -6-3 Ar a ng IR 5 V andan a Ni o no ka IR 2 006-P 1 2-2 K al inga I II M ac an B inu nd ok M ang a vav a F ots ila ns ts ik a 1177 P eh K u h T s oa T u Pe ta SAO Ts a ka Va ry Va to 1 5 4 W AS 1 94 -B -3 -2 -5 W AS 208-B-B -5- 1-3 IR 2344-PIP B -9- 3-2 B IA C 165 C4 63G IR20 PO PO T PT B 2 5 IR 2307- 247- 2-3 Da na u La u t T aw a r Ra y N abja Te lo vo la na Elo ni L eve x P C T1 1002, B O 1> 55- 1- 3-1 Gi e 5 7 To ka m ban y 6 6 9 L at sib oz ak a -112 -1 W A S 169-B -B -4- 2-1 IR 57 920-AC 25- 2-B MT U 9 RT S 12 W A S 203-B -B - 2-1 Go ch i B oro IR 2344-P1P B -9- 3-2 B IR 7549 9-5 3-1 Ho va iz eh La itra BR 1 Ro jo m e na 1034 Be ts ila izi na Te le p 91-385 W AB 7 06 -3 -4 -K4 -KB-1 M202 G uan Y in T s an IR 53236 -27 5-1 Na m Ro o A zuc en a C21 Do ur a do A gul ha Kh a o D am

Fl

a

g Le

af An

gle (d

eg

re

s)

0

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96

104

112

120

128

136

144

Flag Leaf Angle A

Flag Leaf Angle B

Avoidance: variability of the panicle shape and flag leaf angle

Flag leaf angle (degres)

Panicle width (mm)

Redrawn from Satake & Yoshida, 1978

Day relative to anthesis

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

Spikelet fertility (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Microsporogenesis

Flowering

Principles for tolerance with the sensitivity to temperature

Effect on spikelet sterility of 38°C

ambient temperature

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0

10

20

30

HT

LT

Days after anthesis

Substrate allocated

z Substrates only allocated to the panicle for half of the time at

high temperature

z Grains in secondary positions of a panicle get a lesser chance

to fill, so are subjected to chalkiness and immaturity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1

2

3

Prim

2° B1

2° B2

Filled spikelets (%)

z When spikelets are maintained, each grain

is 25% lighter, with fewer starch granules,

and all grains are chalky

z When spikelets are sacrificed, more grains

are unfilled, but quality is good

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1

2

3

Prim

2° B1

2° B2

Variety 1

Variety 2

Panicle Branch

Principles for tolerance with respect to panicle structure

The morphology of the panicle, as the ratio of secondary

spikelets, could be used as a trait for screening

In high temperature, some varieties sacrifice

spikelets, and some do not. Yield decreases

for both, but quality is better for V1 than for V2

10 days at 32/22C

after flowering

5 days at 38/22C

at anthesis

1

2

3

Normal conditions

at 28/22C

Tagging

flowering date

of each panicle

Measuring

weather data

Measuring

canopy data

Separating filled

and unfilled

spikelet

IRRI: phenotyping for heat tolerance and avoidance on grain yield and quality

CIRAD

Collecting spikelet sterility

and grain starch content

z

To tag each single panicle of the stressed plants with respect to

the day of flowering in order to characterize what the

environment was on the day of flowering

z

To tag each single panicle of the control plants with respect to

the day of flowering in order to compare similar panicles

between stressed and control plants

z

To cut the panicle into 2 pieces (top and bottom) and to compare

the top parts of the panicle to assess for spikelet fertility and

grain quality: the point is to avoid to account for unfilled grain

due to lack of supply

z

Was the 38C treatment too strong for discrimination?

z

Bad control of the 34C treatment to assess tolerance to grain

quality because of dependance of the external conditions

Initial panicle

totally

sterile

at

maturity

because

of heat

Panicles

newly

formed

after

flowering

Newly

formed

tillers

attached

to upper

nodes

of the mother

tiller

New avoidance: emergence of extra tillers after flowering

Tillering

plasticity as an

avoidance mechanism

to cope with spikelet

sterility under heat

LE

R

ma

x

(mm

h

-1

)

0 .0

0 .4

0 .8

1 .2

1 .6

2 .0

le a f 6 d a y

le a f 6 n ig h t

le a f 9 d a y

le a f 9 n ig h t

r e g r e s s io n

W a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e ( ° C )

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

0 .0

0 .4

0 .8

1 .2

1 .6

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

IR64

Hybrid rice

Cold tolerant

Drought tolerant

apparent base

temperature

The threshold temperature (x-intercept) varied from 10.4 to 13.6°C

when considering 16 contrasted genotypes

For each variety,

normalized slopes

and x-intercepts

of leaf elongation

did not differ for day

and night time periods

Investigating the day and night temperature effect on underlying straight

forward processes driving leaf area, like organ elongation, under low VPD

Investigating the day and night temperature effect on LER

Plant models should account for the genotype variability of the growth response to

temperature: development of Oryza2000 for phenology and growth response to

high temperature

Work of Pepijin

van Oort, Wageningen

University