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Annual Report of the Canadian Section of the International Society of
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering for year ending June 1966
including Membership List of the Canadian Section
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL O F CANADA
ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON GEOTECHNICAL RESEARCH
ANNUAL REPORT O F THE
CANADIAN SECTION O F THE
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 1966
INCLUDING MEMBERSHIP LIST O F THE CANADIAN SECTION
P r e p a r e d by
A N A L Y Z E D
W. J . Eden and Miss J . Butler
Technical Memorandum No. 89
OTTAWA S e p t e m b e r 1966
(i) FOREWORD
An Annual Report of the Canadian Section i s not i s sued during the y e a r s of the International Conferences and this Report i s t h e r e f o r e a s u m m a r y of the activities of Canadian m e m b e r s of the International Society of Soil Mechanic s and Foundation Engineering f o r the period J u n e 1964 to June 1966.
I t i s published f o r the purpose of keeping Canadians informed of those soil mechanics investigations which a r e being
conducted in t h e i r own country. In this way, i t will a s s i s t i n overcoming the n a t u r a l handicap offered by the widespread geographical distribution of soil mechanics work in Canada.
The r e p o r t includes a l i s t of publications by m e m b e r s of the Canadian Section. In addition, i t includes a l i s t of known thesis topics presently under study and a l i s t of suggested r e s e a r c h projects. I t i s hoped that t h e s e l i s t s will develop into useful s o u r c e s of information. A special effort has been made to reduce r e p o r t s on routine work. I t i s probable, however, that s o m e of the work noted was of a routine nature but was considered worth including because of possible g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t .
(ii)
TABLE O F CONTENTS
P a g e
1. G e n e r a l Soil P r o p e r t i e s 1
2. Mechanical P r o p e r t i e s Including P e r m e a b i l i t y 5 3. Shallow Foundations Including P a v e m e n t s 11
4. Deep Foundations 1 5
5. E a r t h and Rock P r e s s u r e s 18
6.
E a r t h and Rock Dams, Slopes and Open Excavations 20APPENDIX "Af1
-
Alphabetical L i s t of M e m b e r s of the Canadian Section of the International Society for Soil Me chanic s and Foundation Engine e r ing.
APPENDIX "Btl
-
L i s t of M e m b e r s Associated with Organizations.APPENDIX "C
-
M e m b e r s 1 Publications Since J.une 1964.APPENDIX I'Dtf
-
Active Graduate T h e s i s Work Known to Members.1. GENERAL SOIL PROPERTIES
A n d e r s o n , C. E.
Continuation of the l i m e stabilization r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m m e . F i e l d s a m p l e s on a c t u a l r o a d s p r o j e c t s a r e taken a t defined i n t e r v a l s and a r e t e s t e d f o r changes i n s o i l p r o p e r t i e s ,
Differential t h e r m a l a n a l y s e s a r e r u n on s e l e c t e d s a m p l e s to evaluate c h e m i c a l changes.
In conjunction with foundation s t u d i e s f o r p r o p o s e d d a m s i t e s in n o r t h e r n Manitoba, continuous c o r e s of p e r m a f r o s t - a f f e c t e d s o i l s w e r e collected, photographed and c l a s s i f i e d a s to type of p e r m a f r o s t and s o i l s p r o p e r t i e s .
T h e p e r m a f r o s t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e being r e l a t e d to s u c h f a c t o r s a s location, vegetal c o v e r and c l i m a t e .
Chapman, L. J .
O u r field mapping of g l a c i a l f o r m s and s o i l d e p o s i t s between G e o r g i a n Bay and the Ottawa R i v e r continued l a s t s u m m e r on a l i m i t e d
s c a l e
.
C.N. R.C a u s e s and effects of d i f f e r e n t i a l heaving have b e e n c o r r e l a t e d w i t h s o i l and roadbed conditions. L a b o r a t o r y and field t e s t s a r e being
continued on c h e m i c a l s to r e d u c e heaving t e m p o r a r i l y . D e L o r v , F . A .
A study i s now being c a r r i e d out on the p o s s i b i l i t y of o s m o t i c p r e s s u r e s being s e t up i n s o i l t e s t i n g s y s t e m s .
Influence of pseudo-montmorillonite p r e s e n t i n Leda c l a y on
the A t t e r b e r g l i m i t s , p e r m e a b i l i t y and remoulded consolidation c h a r a c t z r i s t i c s of L e d a clay. The c l a y s a r e homoionized i n d i f f e r e n t monovalent cations
Division of Building Re s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Council Soil Moisture and Volume Change
Continued with the' c o r r e l a t i o n between climate,
s o i l m-oisture and soil volume changes a t s i t e s a t Winnipeg, Regina, E s t o n and Melfort in w e s t e r n Canada. Developmeilt of equipment and techniques f o r field calibration of n u c l e a r m o i s t u r e and density probes.
Soil with High Sulphate Content
Mapping of potential sulphate h a z a r d to c o n c r e t e in s o i l s of a n a r e a of c e n t r a l Saskatchewan was c a r r i e d out. A n u m b e r of c o n c r e t e
s t r u c t u r e s of various a g e s and compositions w e r e examined i n a r e a s of s o i l s with high sulphate content.
P e r m a f r o s t Distribution
F i e l d reconnaissance of distribution of p e r m a f r o s t was conducted in n o r t h e r n B r i t i s h Columbia and the Yukon was conducted i n October 1964, followed by a s i m i l a r s u r v e y of n o r t h e r n Ontario and e a s t e r n Manitoba i n 1965. Ground t e m p e r a t u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e continued i n the Inuvik vicinity and a t Thompson, Manitoba.
F r o s t Action
The p r e s s u r e s e x e r t e d by the growth of i c e l e n s e s i n v a r i o u s media a r e being m e a s u r e d i n the l a b o r a t o r y . M a t e r i a l s used include s o r t e d g l a s s beads, b r i c k , m o r t a r , s a n d s tone, and n a t u r a l s o i l s .
A new technique f o r investigation of f r o s t susceptibility
b a s e d on the i n t r u s i o n of a i r into s o i l , which i s analogous to the f r e e z i n g of s o i l , i s being pursued.
Mu s ke g Studies
Some t e s t s have been conducted on f r o z e n peat s a m p l e s to give a n indication of the rheological p r o p e r t i e s . Apparatus h a s been c o n s t r u c t e d to conduct plate loading t e s t s on peat.
F e d e r a l D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t
M e a s u r e m e n t of depth of f r o s t penetration and of thaw penetration a t 29 s i t e s a c r o s s Canada under pavements kept c l e a r of ice and snow and in a r e a s with snow cover.
(1) Continuation of studies of tar s a n d s o n a s i t e i n n o r t h e r n A l b e r t a .
( i i ) P r o g r a m m e of t r i a x i a l t e s t i n g o n bauxite and vanadium tailings
.
G r i c e .
R.
H.Engineering geology of t h e Montreal Subway, including t e s t s on r o c k s encountered.
R.M. Hardy & A s s o c s . Ltd.
A study h a s been undertaken of the engineering and geological p r o p e r t i e s of the Lake Edmonton deposits. R e s u l t s of
s e v e r a l hundred t e s t s have been analyzed s t a t i s t i c a l l y and the v a r i a t i o n , m e a n s , e t c . , have been s u m m a r i z e d and i n t e r p r e t e d ,
Extensive work h a s been undertaken to d e t e r m i n e t h e p r o p e r t i e s of the M c M u r r a y t a r sand m a t e r i a l s and a l s o the s a n d tailings
.
H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o
A detailed study of the geotechnical p r o p e r t i e s of a d e e p glacial c l a y deposit n e a r S a r n i a was m a d e . F i e l d a n d l a b o r a t o r y vane t e s t s to investigate the anisotrophy of the soil w e r e c a r r i e d out.
The influence of t r a n s i e n t l o a d s on i c e f o r m a t i o n i n s o i l s i s being studied in the cold room.
Mathew s
.
W. H. ( 1 ) C r e e p of s o i l s in an a l p l a n d , G a r i b a l d i L a k e a r e a , B. C. ( 2 ) O b s e r v a t i o n s on p r e s s u r e s e x e r t e d by c r e e p i n g snow, Mount S e y m o u r , B. C. McGi 11 U n i v e r s i t y Infiltration a s a f f e c t e d by s u r f a c e f o r c e s , e n t r a p p e d a i r r e l a t i v e to c l a y type and content, p a r t i c l e o r i e n t a t i o n i n s h e a r .Meidav, T.
A r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m m e has been undertaken a i m e d a t the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the d y n a m i c moduli of e l a s t i c i t y i n situ. The method
employed was t h a t of propagation and s e p a r a t e r e c o r d i n g of c o m p r e s s i o n and s h e a r waves. By r e c o u r s e to the c l a s s i c a l t h e o r y of e l a s t i c i t y , the d y n a m i c modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , s h e a r modulus and P o i s s o n ' s r a t i o has been computed.
L a b o r a t o r y investigations a r e being conducted, on a continuing b a s i s , into the r e s i d u a l s t r e n g t h of c l a y s o i l s , in a n a t t e m p t to a c c o u n t f o r the d i s c r e p a n c y between t h e field behaviour and p r e d i c t i o n s b a s e d o n
l a b o r a t o r y s h e a r s t r e n g t h . R a d f o r t h , N . W .
P r i m a r y e m p h a s i s h a s been placed on m e a s u r e m e n t of d e n s i t y - m o i s t u r e r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n p e a t and the a s s o c i a t i o n of t h i s with t h e following:
( i ) Muskeg 0 r g a n i z a . t i o n
(ii) Muskeg C l a s s i f i c a t i o n S y s t e m s
( i i i ) E n v i r o n m e n t a l F e a t u r e s P r e v a i l i n g f o r Muskeg
( i v ) Engineering and Biological Applications (v) P e a t Utilization
S o d e r m a n ,
L.
G.Mineralogical study of de siccated and weathered c r u s t of Tilbury clay (in a s sociation with R. M. Quigley).
Work was continued on the m e a s u r e m e n t of s o i l m o i s t u r e tension, diffusivity and conductivity, and on the u s e of t h e s e data i n computing infiltration and redistribution of m o i s t u r e i n s o i l s
using finite difference methods for solving the flow equation. Special e m p h a s i s was given during the y e a r t o infiltration into l a y e r e d s o i l s
and to h y s t e r e s i s effects (using drying scanning c u r v e s ) during r e d i s t r i b u t i o n of m o i s t u r e following infiltration. A computer p r o g r a m m e was w r i t t e n
a l s o to take into account h y s t e r e s i s in m o i s t u r e tension during wetting a s well a s during drying, a s suming that the independent domain theory was appl icable.
Thomson, S.
F r o s t heaving in r a i l r o a d subgrades
-
this investigation wasof a p r a c t i c a l n a t u r e and open s y s t e m freezing t e s t s indicated that the location of the w a t e r table and the s o i l type w e r e the m a i n f a c t o r s contributing to
heaving. The addition of various s a l t s d e c r e a s e d the amount of heave. University of Western Ontario
Mineralogical studies of 1 2 swelling s o i l s f r o m
N.
R. C.r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s i n w e s t e r n Canada (in a s s o c i a t i o n with Mr. J . J . Hamilton, R e s e a r c h Officer, Saskatchewan).
Vaughan, V. E .
P r e s e n t l y investigating the drying of soils by m i c r o -wave technique. S e v e r a l soils ranging f r o m diatomaceous e a r t h with m o i s t u r e content of 460% to sands and g r a v e l s have been d r i e d in a micro-wave cavity i n s e v e r a l minutes.
White, 0. L.
( a ) An integrated s e i s m i c and r e s i s t i v i t y study i s p r e s e n t l y underway i n P e e l County, Ontario. F i e l d work i s to be followed by a p r o g r a m m e of l a b o r a t o r y testing.
( b ) In conjunction with a detailed pedologic re-mapping of Waterloo County, Ontario, pedologic s o i l types have
been s a m p l e d and e x a m i n e d with the intention
of p r e p a r i n g a s e c t i o n o n t h e e n g i n e e r i n g p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s o i l s f o r i n c l u s i o n in t h e f o r t h c o m i n g r e p o r t of t h e O n t a r i o Soil Survey.
2. MECHANICAL P R O P E R T I E S INCLUDING PERMEABILITY
H. G, A c r e s & Co. Ltd.
( a ) Continuation of l a b o r a t o r y r e s e a r c h on the s h e a r s t r e n g t h and s t r e s s d e f o r m a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of l a c u s t r i n e and m a r i n e c l a y s , p l a s t i c and. non- p l a s t i c t i l l s . T h e s e s t u d i e s include:
( i ) M e a s u r e m e n t of the "cementation bond s t r e n g t h " of quick m a r i n e c l a y s i n d r a i n e d t r i a x i a l t e s t s using a p r e s s u r e c e l l to m i n i m i z e t h e d e f o r m a t i o n of the load m e a s u r i n g device. (ii) M e a s u r e m e n t of t h e r e s i d u a l s h ' e a r s t r e n g t h of highly paastic A g a s s i z c l a y i n d r a i n e d d i r e c t s h e a r t e s t s . (iii) M e a s u r e m e n t of t h e s h e a r s t r e n g t h of a p l a s t i c g l a c i a l till utilizing l a r g e d i a m e t e r block s a m p l e s . ( b ) L a b o r a t o r y study of t h e c o m p r e s s i b i l i t y of a poorly c e m e n t e d s a n d s tone r o c k f i l l by one - d i m e n s i o n a l consolidation t e s t s in a s p e c i a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d 24 -inch d i a m e t e r cell. ( c ) Study of s a m p l i n g and l a b o r a t o r y t e s t i n g t e c h n i q u e s on c l a y s e a m s in s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s . ( d ) Completion of d e v e l o p m e n t w o r k on analogue a n d d i g i t a l c o m p u t e r t e c h n i q u e s f o r t h e study of t r a n s i e n t t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l p a t t e r n s of g r o u n d w a t e r flow i n c o m p l e x a c q u i f e r s y s t e m s , including t h o s e of l a r g e a r e a l extent.
Cohesion in t e r m s of effective s t r e s s e s i s being studied for some Ontario clays with a view to determining i t s amounts, permanence and the reasons for i t s occurrence.
Division of Building Research, National R e s e a r c h Council Consolidation Studies
Studies on consolidation-swell c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of heavy clay soils in the consolidometer and suction plate apparatus were continued. F u r t h e r investigations of the effect of the r a t e of loading on the preconsolidation p r e s s u r e s of Leda clay were continued.
Shear Strengths
Triaxial and d i r e c t shear t e s t s were continued on Leda clay. The concept of residual s h e a r strength i s being examined. Using high a i r entry porous stones, negative pore water p r e s s u r e s were measured and attempts were made to c o r r e l a t e these values with swelling p r e s s u r e s on two clays f r o m western Canada.
Groundwater Studies
Groundwater levels a r e being recorded in Saskatoon to a s s e s s the effect of urban development, irrigation, weather and
drainage. Near Ottawa, an extensive piezometer installation has been made to m e a s u r e the groundwater flow in a s y s t e m of clay t e r r a c e s n e a r the Ottawa river.
Ecole Polytechnique
( a ) Skin friction of sensitive clays against concrete and steel.
(b) Strength regain of sensitive clays.
( c ) Shear c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of compacted till under l a t e r a l p r e s s u r e s up to 5 0 0 psi. Specimens of
6'' in d i a m e t e r including particles up to 2". (d) Compressibility c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of compacted
Finn, W. D. L.
( a ) A dynamic simple s h e a r apparatus i s being built to apply simulated earthquake loadings to soil. Testing i s expected to s t a r t in September. (b) The c r e e p properties of sensitive clays a r e
being investigated and a c r i t e r i o n for c r e e p rupture i s sought. A method of analysis i s being developed to predict the c r e e p deformation of slopes f r o m c r e e p data on clays.
( c ) A study has just been completed on s t r e s s paths in sensitive clays and the evaluation of strength p a r a m e t e r s for such clays.
(d) A finite element method f o r the analysis of general seepage problems has been developed. The method i s for the digital computer and i s particularly useful for complex problems. A paper on the method has been prepared for publication.
(i) Settling c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of dredge discharge composed of varved s i l t and clay.
(ii) Check on field permeabilitie s of soils by drawdown t e s t s i n s e v e r a l l a r g e open pits.
R. M. Hardv & Assocs. Ltd.
A statistical analysis has been s t a r t e d to r e l a t e the r e s u l t s of standard and other penetration t e s t s to the unconfined strengths and other c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the Lake Edmonton deposits.
Hvdro -Quebec
( i ) E s s a i s triaxiaux a s s e z 6labores dans d e s cellules de 6 pouces d e diamktre s u r d e s tills compacths en laboratoire.
(ii) P r i s e d'6chantillons non remainiks dans d e s t i l l s naturels e t dans des sables peu denses situCs sous la nappe phrkatique
-
amClioration de 1' Cquipement disponsible s u r l e m a r c h & .Kim. Y.D.
Comparative study of effects of sample disturbance and l a b o r a t o r y sample s i z e s on the Young's Modulus of Elasticity and
settlement p a r a m e t e r s of Tilbury clay till. Ladanyi,
B.
( a ) Influence of the inclination of principal a x e s
during s h e a r with r e s p e c t to those during consoli- dation on the s t r e s s - s t r a i n and strength p r o p e r t i e s of a remoulded clay in undrained s h e a r .
(b) Undrained strength of sensitive clays a t high s h e a r s t r a i n s .
( c ) Residual strength of rocks. Lajtai, E. Z.
C r i t e r i a of f a i l u r e i n discontinuous rocks, The influence of a single discontinuity on rock m a s s s t r e n g t h a s demonstrated by t e s t s on s t r u c tur a1 models.
LaRo chelle , P.
The m e a s u r e m e n t of KO i s being made in the l a b o r a t o r y with a special designed apparatus.
Lo, K.Y.
( a ) Previous work on pore p r e s s u r e - s t r a i n relationship has been extended to include the effects of s t r a i n conditions during consolidation and various s t r e s s s y s t e m s during s h e a r for normally -consolidated clays. Extension of theory to ove rconsolidated clays i s p r e sently undertaken.
( b ) S h e a r s t r e n g t h and s t a b i l i t y of s l o p e s in a n i s o t r o p i c clays both for homogeneous and s t r a t i f i e d clays. McGill Univer s i t v
Yield c r i t e r i a , s h e a r s t r e n g t h r e l a t i v e to m o i s t u r e potential, low t e m p e r a t u r e c r e e p , high p r e s s u r e c r e e p i n r e l a t i o n to m e a s u r e m e n t s f o r activation e n e r g y c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , t h r e s h o l d and c r i t i c a l g r a d i e n t s , s o i l d y n a m i c s , p a r t i c l e motion under t r a n s i e n t i m p u l s e s , wave propagation i n soils.
Meyerhof, G. G.
High p r e s s u r e t r i a x i a l c o m p r e s sion t e s t s a r e being c a r r i e d out on l o c a l sandstone to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r d e f o r m a t i o n s and s h e a r i n g s t r e n g t h p r o p e r t i e s . These t e s t s will be supplemented by loading t e s t s on s t e e l p i l e s r e s t i n g on sandstone to d e t e r m i n e the
b e a r i n g capacity for c o m p a r i s o n of t h e o r e t i c a l e s t i m a t e s (Ph.D. r e s e a r c h
by D.G. Hubley).
P.
F. R. A. (Saskatoon)R e s e a r c h into the p e r m e a b i l i t y of n a t u r a l s a n d s and g r a v e l s both i n situ and remoulded is continuing to study the effect of p a r t i c l e breakdown during sampling and placing of t h e s e s o i l s . Radhakrishna, H. S.
Investigation to study the volume change behaviour of compacted cohesive s o i l s f r o m the engineering point of view i s i n p r o g r e s s .
Scott, J . D.
An investigation of the f a c t o r s which affect the undrained c o m p r e s s i o n of p a r t i a l l y s a t u r a t e d soil was made. Changes i n p o r e a i r and w a t e r p r e s s u r e s and volume d u r i n g c o m p r e s s i o n w e r e m e a s u r e d . Soderman. L. G.
Determination of KO values of T i l b u r y clay using m u l t i - d i r e c t i o n a l o e d o m e t e r t e s t s and X - r a y diffraction techniques.
Thompson, C
.
D.P i e z o m e t r i c investigation of the groundwater conditions in downtown Ottawa with special emphasis on the possible under
-
drainage of a thick Leda clay stratum.Thomson. S.
The influence of s t r a i n on the cohesion intercept and the
angle of shearing resistance of overconsolidated soils i s being investigated. R. C. Thurber & Assocs. Ltd.
A load cell was developed for use inside a triaxial cell to m e a s u r e deviator s t r e s s and thus avoid effects of piston friction.
A s e r i e s of d i r e c t s h e a r t e s t s w e r e c a r r i e d out on shale mylonite a t high normal s t r e s s e s up to 1000 psi and teclmiques developed to observe the soil structure on the failure surface.
Townsend. D. L.
A study has been initiated into the brittle behaviour of soils. The tensile strength i s being studied by means of the Indirect Tension T e s t and Direct Tension m e a s u r e m e n t s , and compressive strength determined with the usual triaxial equipment. The r e s u l t s a r e compared with the r e s u l t s predicted by a modified Griffith-Mohr F a i l u r e Theory. P h a s e I t e s t s a r e being conducted on lime-stabilized soils and the r e s u l t s will be applicable to the f r o s t durability of these soils. P h a s e 11 t e s t s will be conducted with natural soils and the r e s u l t s should yield information on the effect of natural cementation upon the effective s t r e s s cohesion intercept.
University of Western Ontario
( a ) Relation of soil fabric to the consolidation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Leda clay.
( b ) Influence of pseudo -montmorillonite present i n Leda clay on the consolidation-permeability c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of remoulded Leda clay.
( c ) Influence of soil fabric on the peak and residual shear strength values of swelling clays.
3. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS INCLUDING PAVEMENTS A n d e r s o n , K. 0.
( a ) The behaviour of stabilized s o i l s subjected to r e p e a t e d s t r e s s r e v e r s a l and r e p e a t e d t r i a x i a l c o m p r e s s i o n i s being investigated f o r the purpose of predicting the behaviour of l a y e r e d pavement s y s t e m s under t r a n slent loading conditions. ( b ) The t e n s i l e s t r e s s - s t r a i n behaviour of a s p h a l t s
i n thin f i l m s and a s p h a l t c o n c r e t e m i x t u r e s i s being investigated i n o r d e r t o obtain i n f o r m a t i o n of a fundamental n a t u r e that will b e of a s s i s t a n c e i n the pavement t h e r m a l c r a c k i n g problem.
C.N. R.
A t h e o r e t i c a l a n a l y s i s of load d i s t r i b u t i o n under railway t r a c k h a s b e e n made. Static m e a s u r e m e n t s of t r a c k modulus a r e being m a d e and d y n a m i c t e s t s a r e planned a s a s t a r t i n evaluating the load d i s t r i b u t i o n f a c t o r s .
Division of Building Re s e a r c h . National R e s e a r c h Council
O b s e r v a t i o n s of s e t t l e m e n t and p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e
d i s s i p a t i o n w e r e continued under s e v e r a l highway embankments, b r i d g e foundations and s l a b foundations n e a r Ottawa. Surveys of the movements of shallow foundations w e r e continued a t Regina and Winnipeg. O b s e r v a t i o n s on the effect of thawing of p e r m a f r o s t w e r e continued a t Thompson, Man.
Studies a r e being conducted a t Sudbury and Ottawa to a s s e s s the u s e of foamed s e m i - r i g i d insulation m a t e r i a l s to a t t e n u a t e f r o s t penetration.
E cole Polytechnique
Model t e s t s on p e r f o r a t e d r e c t a n g u l a r p l a t e s r e s t i n g on
sand and on c l a y to d e t e r m i n e the effect of holes on the b e a r i n g capacity. F e d e r a l D e ~ a r t m e n t of T r a n s ~ o r t
r o u g h n e s s to d e t e r m i n e r a t e of d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n the s u r f a c e , skid r e s i s t a n c e of pavements and investigation of v a r i o u s s e a l coats and pavement t r a f f i c m a r k i n g m a t e r i a l s , i n c o r p o r a t i o n of a s b e s t o s into a s p h a l t m i x e s , a n a l y s i s of pavement plate b e a r i n g t e s t s by e l a s t i c t h e o r y to d e t e r m i n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e l a s t i c moduli of p a v e m e n t l a y e r s , continuing review of dynamic r e s p o n s e of a i r c r a f t d a t a with pavement roughness m e a s u r e m e n t s , deflection of pavement under a i r c r a f t with pavement p e r f o r m a n c e and i n t e r n a l s t a b i l i t y o f a g g r e g a t e s by m e a n s of t r i a x i a l t e s t s on
6"
x 12" s a m p l e s with c r u s h e d content and gradation v a r i e d .F e r l a n d , C. R.
I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n of highway e m b a n k m e n t s on soft foundations and subsequent o b s e r v a t i o n of s e t t l e m e n t s and p o r e w a t e r p r e s s u r e d i s sipation.
( i ) Continuing r e a d i n g s by Slope I n d i c a t o r a d j a c e n t to the abutment of a bridge w h e r e l a t e r a l m o v e m e n t was taking place.
(ii) S e t t l e m e n t readings d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n on s e v e r a l heavy i n d u s t r i a l s t r u c t u r e s founded on g r a n u l a r s o i l s , ( i i i ) Continuation of annual s e t t l e m e n t r e a d i n g s begun o v e r
t e n y e a r s ago a t the s t a r t of c o n s t r u c t i o n of a m a j o r high-level highway bridge located on a bay-mouth b a r deposit.
Hall, P.
O u r consulting s e r v i c e s f o r the Louis -Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge-Tunnel, Montreal, involved a s p e c i a l i z e d technique f o r jetting -
a sand foundation underneath the tunnel a f t e r i t s e l e m e n t s w e r e floated out and l o w e r e d onto t e m p o r a r y foundation blocks in the d r e d g e d t r e n c h . S e v e r a l a r t i c l e s on d i f f e r e n t a s p e c t s of t h i s m a j o r bridge-tunnel p r o j e c t have been published but none, a s y e t , have confined t h e m s e l v e s s p e c i f i c a l l y to the sand-jetted foundation.
H y d r o - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o
A n u m b e r of f u l l - s c a l e uplift t e s t s on a u g e r e d footings c a s t in sand and c l a y w e r e m a d e . S e m i - s p a t i a l m o d e l t e s t s w e r e m a d e in the l a b o r a t o r y to investigate by t i m e e x p o s u r e photography the m e c h a n i s m of f a i l u r e in sand.
Kim, Y . D .
Effect of stiff c r u s t overlying the soft c o m p r e s s i v e t i l l l a y e r on t h e s t r e s s d i s t r i b u t i o n and s e t t l e m e n t .
A s e t t l e m e n t o b s e r v a t i o n p r o g r a m m e of building
columns founded on r o c k h a s been initiated. S e a m s of clay to s i l t - sized p a r t i c l e s with t h i c k n e s s e s up to 3" l i e beneath s o m e of the c o l u ~ ~ ~ n footings, F a c t s on the in situ c o m p r e s s i b i l i t y of the s e a m m a t e r i a l a r e being obtained.
Meyerhof, G . G .
C i r c u l a r and s t r i p footings on c l a y s with s t r e n g t h varying with depth w e r e loaded to f a i l u r e to d e t e r m i n e the u l t i m a t e b e a r i n g capacity and m o d e of f a i l u r e . The t e s t r e s u l t s w e r e being analyzed to extend the previous methods of e s t i m a t i n g the b e a r i n g c a p a c i t y of s t r a t i f i e d c o h e s i v e s o i l ( P h . D. r e s e a r c h by J . D. Brown).
C i r c u l a r footings on m o d e l flexible pavement s t r u c t u r e s on clay s u b g r a d e s w e r e s u b j e c t e d to r e p e t i t i v e loading, The mode of d e f o r m a t i o n and f a i l u r e was analyzed and the t h r e e - l a y e r t h e o r y of s u b g r a d e s was evaluated by c o m p u t e r solution. A r e p o r t of the r e s u l t s i s being p r e p a r e d ( P o s t - D o c t o r a l r e s e a r c h by K. Ueshita). O n t a r i o Depar trnent of Highways
( 1 ) A f u l l - s c a l e e x p e r i m e n t a l r o a d c o m p r i s i n g t h i r t y
-
four 200-ft. s e c t i o n s . The s u r f a c i n g i s a s p h a l t i c c o n c r e t e l a i d to a c o n s t a n t t h i c k n e s s of 3 1 / 2 in, T h e r e a r e 5 different types of b a s e ranging in t h i c k n e s s f r o m 2 to 8 inches l a i d i n conjunction with g r a n u l a r s u b - b a s e s r a n g i n g f r o m 0 to 18 i n c h e s on a l i g h t c l a y soil. T r a f f i c i s about 3000 v e h i c l e s p e r d a y in one d i r e c t i o n .
( 2 ) Study of skid r e s i s t a n c e of Ontario pavements in r e l a t i o n to a g e and type of p a v e m e n t s , t r a f f i c and a g g r e g a t e types.
( 3 ) Study of p a v e m e n t r o u g h n e s s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s with pr o f i l o m e t e r and bump - i n t e g r a t o r to e s t a b l i s h a c c e p t a n c e c r i t e r i a f o r new c o n s t r u c t i o n , and to
( 4 ) Study of the incidence of t r a n s v e r s e cracking of flexible pavements and r e s e a r c h into the cold t e m p e r a t u r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of pavement m a t e r i a l s and s o i l s .
( 5 ) S t a t i s t i c a l a p p r o a c h to quality c o n t r o l of embankment
fills and g r a n u l a r b a s e c o u r s e s , including the evaluation of a new t e s t f o r compaction c o n t r o l in the field which i s not dependent on a l a b o r a t o r y s t a n d a r d te s t value.
Rix. H. H.
Investigation on the effect of closed s y s t e m f r e e z i n g and thawing on the volume a n d s t r e n g t h of fine g r a i n e d s o i l s f r o m highway s u b g r a d e s being pursued. F i e l d m e a s u r e m e n t s of subgrade m o i s t u r e and density being continued a t v a r i o u s s i t e s in Alberta.
T e r r a t e c h Ltd.
( a ) Continued s e t t l e m e n t s u r v e y s of s e l e c t e d heavy loaded buildings on Leda clay.
( b ) Studies on the i m p r o v e m e n t s of t h e b e a r i n g capacity of loose sands by m e a n s of compaction sand piles. M e a s u r e m e n t s of i n c r e a s e of r e l a t i v e d e n s i t i e s of l o o s e sand deposits b e f o r e and a f t e r
compaction. S e t t l e m e n t o b s e r v a t i o n s to be initiated. ( c ) Continued s e t t l e m e n t o b s e r v a t i o n s of s e v e r a l highway
f i l l s o v e r p e a t bogs.
Settlement study of a building with heavily loaded s p r e a d footings on Leda clay to d e t e r m i n e i f differential s e t t l e m e n t i s continuing m o r e than 50 y e a r s a f t e r the completion of construction.
R,C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd.
Field and l a b o r a t o r y studies w e r e m a d e on the e l a s t i c behaviour of p e a t under railway roadbed.
Townsend, D. L.
The field s e t t l e m e n t and p o r e p r e s s u r e s d u e to a
3 1 / 2 ft r o a d e m b a n k m e n t a r e being studied. The e m b a n k m e n t i s
fonnded on 5 f t of old f i l l and m u s k e g , 1 0 f t of soft m a r l , and 3 0 f t of v e r y s o f t l a c u s t r i n e clay. Liquidity i n d i c e s of the m a r l a n d c l a y a r e g r e a t e r than 2 i n e a c h c a s e . P r i m a r y s e t t l e m e n t i n t h e m a r l was r a p i d and f a s t e r than p r e d i c t e d , but t h e r e i s pronounced s e c o n d a r y c o m p r e s s i o n . S e t t l e m e n t of the c l a y h a s been l i m i t e d . L a b o r a t o r y and f i e l d va.ne t e s t s have a l s o been p e r f o r m e d to d e t e r m i n e v a r i a t i o n in s t r e n g t h ,
I n v e s t i g a t i o n of a building c o n s t r u c t e d about 20 y e a r s ago and having shallow foundations s u p p o r t e d by s h a l e b e d r o c k . The d a m a g e i s a p p a r e n t l y c a u s e d by a swelling of t h e bedrock. L a b o r a t o r y t e s t s a r e p r e s e n t l y underway to a s s e s s swelling p r e s s u r e s , e f f e c t s of wetting and d r y i n g and m i n e r a l o g y ,
Watt, G. S t r e n g t h e n i n g c l a y s o i l s by mixing w i t h q u i c k l i m e a n d compacting u n d e r footings. Wilson, G o C o m p r e h e n s i v e s u r v e y of m e t h o d s of e s t i m a t i n g b e a r i n g c a p a c i t y , r e l a t i n g r e s u l t s of field t e s t s f o r t y p i c a l C a n a d i a n s o i l s to i n d i c a t e which m e t h o d s a.re m o s t applicable.
4. D E E P FOUNDATIONS H. G. A c r e s & Co, Ltd,
The study (including m o d e l t e s t s ) of the l a t e r a l s u p p o r t developed by a long end b e a r i n g l a t e r a l l y loaded pile f r o m p a r t i a l e m b e d m e n t i n dumped rockfill,
Division of Building Resea.rch, National R e s e a r c h Council
D e f o r m a t i o n gauges have been i n s t a l l e d i n v e r y long p i l e s a t B e r t h i e r v i l l e , P. Q.
,
t o m e a s u r e the loading d u e to n e g a t i v e s k i n f r i c t i o n c a u s e d b y a. s u b s i d i n g c l a y l a y e r . One f r i c t i o n pile h a s been i n s t r u m e n t e d to m e a s u r e the d i s t r i b u t i o n of positive and n e g a t i v e f r i c t i o nalong i t s length.
( i ) Loading t e s t s on high capacity c o n c r e t e caissons. ( i i ) M e a s u r e m e n t of horizontal d r i f t of long s t e e l tube
piles d r i v e n through a d e e p s t r a t u m of stiff clay. (iii) M e a s u r e m e n t s of pile heave f o r a l a r g e group of
t i m b e r piles d r i v e n through clay to bedrock.
R.M. Hardy & A s s o c s . Ltd.
(i) A study has been commenced to r e l a t e the ground vibrations produced during pile driving o p e r a t i o n s to building damage.
( i i ) A r e s e a r c h project has been undertaken to m e a s u r e and r e p o r t upon s e t t l e m e n t s of two l a r g e buildings in the Edmonton Civic C e n t r e a r e a , one on s p r e a d footings (26 f l o o r s ) and t h e o t h e r on pile foundations. Ho, K. H.
( i ) Studies of gain in s t r e n g t h with t i m e of t i m b e r piles d r i v e n i n over consolidated clays.
(ii) To d e t e r m i n e the point b e a r i n g of H piles i n glacial till o v e r l a i n by a thick clay s t r a t u m by load testing p a i r s of piles of different lengths and considering their differences in ultimate loads.
Hvdro - E l e c t r i c P o w e r Commis sion of Ontario
( i ) The bending of long H piles was investigated a t the Lambton GS site n e a r Sarnia using the Wilson
inclinometer to m e a s u r e pile c u r v a t u r e a f t e r driving. (ii) M e a s u r e m e n t s of v e r t i c a l and l a t e r a l heave and p o r e
w a t e r p r e s s u r e changes w e r e m a d e during the driving of l a r g e pile c l u s t e r s a t the Lambton GS (Sarnia) and the P i c k e r i n g GS. At the f o r m e r , p r e - b o r e d pipe piles
in 25 and 50 foot excavations w e r e d r i v e n u p to 1 4 0 f e e t below ground level. A t the l a t t e r H p i l e s w e r e d r i v e n 50 f e e t through g l a c i a l till to r o c k . Ladanvi. B.
( a ) E x p e r i m e n t a l study of d e e p punching and expansion of c a v i t i e s i n d r y sand, ( b ) E x p e r i m e n t a l study of d e e p punching of s e n s i t i v e c l a y s . O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of Highways ( 1 ) B e a r i n g c a p a c i t y of f r i c t i o n p i l e s in stiff c l a y s , ( 2 ) L o n g - t e r m study of p o r e - w a t e r p r e s s u r e s and
s e t t l e m e n t s beneath a high e m b a n k m e n t on varved clay.
( 3 ) P o r e - w a t e r p r e s s u r e s s e t u p d u r i n g pile driving. ( 4 ) S e t t l e m e n t of embankments on c o m p r e s s i b l e s o i l s . Robins kv. E
.
I.S p e c i a l equipment and l a b o r a t o r y f a c i l i t i e s now u n d e r d e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t i o n f o r l a r g e - s c a l e m o d e l pile t e s t s .
Sevchuk. J . L .
Investigation and d e s i g n of a hydraulic f i l l and dock a r e a i n the St. L a w r e n c e R i v e r f o r a n e x p o r t g r a i n t e r m i n a l , The a r e a under c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s u n d e r l a i n by a d e e p d e p o s i t of Leda clay. M a j o r p r o b l e m s a r e o v e r a l l s t a b i l i t y a n d n e g a t i v e s k i n f r i c t i o n o n c a i s s o n foundations to rock,
P o r e p r e s s u r e development and d i s s i p a t i o n i n d i s p l a c e m e n t pile driving. R a t e of loading and i t s e f f e c t on c o h e s i v e s u b s o i l s a d j a c e n t to the pile; e f f e c t on t e s t r e s u l t s .
Universitv of A l b e r t a
An a n a l y s i s of d r i l l e d , cast-in-place piles i n Edmonton Lake clay.
Watt. G.
Developing a design f o r bored cast-in-place c o n c r e t e
piles
.
5. EARTH AND ROCK PRESSURES H.G. A c r e s & Co. Ltd.
( a ) Rock friction t e s t s on s a m p l e s of matching joint s u r f a c e s on s l a t e , greywacke and granite gneiss. (b) Planning of field instrumentation p r o g r a m m e for the
determination of s t r e s s concentrations, s t r e s s orientation and relaxation i n tunnels and a l a r g e cavity i n gabbroic and gneissic rocks.
Bauer, G.E.
A study of e a r t h p r e s s u r e s t h e o r i e s by analyzing d a t a obtained f r o m a s t r u t t e d excavation i n a dense fine sand.
E i l e r , Z.
Stability study of an o r e dock and s h e e t pile
-
deflections observed by Slope I n d i c a t o r s .Finn. W. D. L.
The finite element method of a n a l y s i s h a s been developed f o r determining the s t a t i c s t r e s s e s and deformations in d a m s , s l o p e s and excavations under v e r y g e n e r a l assumptions, The region of a n a l y s i s m a y be non-homogeneous, a n i s o t r o p i c and non -elastic.
The method h a s a l s o been extended to d e t e r m i n i n g the s e i s m i c s t r e s s i n the above s t r u c t u r e s due to earthquakes.
S y m p o s i u m , R o o r k e e , India, I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n g r e s s on Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, i n J o u r n a l Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology, and to Canadian Soil Mechanics C o n f e r e n c e i n Vancouver t h i s y e a r .
O b s e r v a t i o n s of elongation of a r e c l a i m tunnel beneath a n o r e s t o r a g e pile.
Hvdro - E l e c t r i c P o w e r Comrnis s i o n of O n t a r i o
M e a s u r e m e n t of the loading on grouted c a b l e t i e - b a c k s used to s u p p o r t t e m p o r a r y r e t a i n i n g walls a t the P i c k e r i n g GS w e r e m a d e .
Ladanyi, B.
S h o r t - t e r m behaviour of clay a r o u n d a c i r c u l a r tunnel.
M e a s u r e m e n t s of horizontal f r o s t heave w e r e m a d e on
a t e s t s e c t i o n of the t e m p o r a r y b r a c i n g of a l a r g e excavation. Elongation of tie-back tendons w e r e m a d e e a c h few d a y s and total tendon f o r c e s w e r e m e a s u r e d by jacking a t beginning a n d end of p r o g r a m m e . The
a i m of the p r o g r a m m e i s to i m p r o v e the a b i l i t y
to
judge b r a c i n g s t r e n g t h s and d e f o r m a b i l i t y r e q u i r e d t o avoid d a m a g e f r o m f r o s t .Meyerhof, G.G.
S e m i - c i r c u l a r c o r r u g a t e d s t e e l model a r c h e s with v a r i o u s heights of d e n s e sand c o v e r w e r e loaded to f a i l u r e under uniformly d i s t r i b u t e d and s t r i p l o a d s applied on the ground s u r f a c e . T h e t e s t r e s u l t s w e r e analyzed to develop m e t h o d s of composite d e s i g n and shallow b u r i e d s t e e l s t r u c t u r e s and a paper i s being p r e p a r e d f o r publication ( P h .
D.
r e s e a r c h byL.
D,
Baikie),Scott. J . D.
A n a l y s i s of field m e a s u r e m e n t s of e a r t h p r e s s u r e on a
b r a c e d open c u t was continued. The p e r f o r m a n c e of t h e Geonor vibrating w i r e e a r t h p r e s s u r e c e l l s w a s evaluated.
6.
EARTH AND ROCK DAMS, SLOPES AND OPEN EXCAVATIONS H.G. A c r e s & Go. Ltd.( a ) Continuing observations of the p e r f o r m a n c e
of e a r thfill dykes built on p e r m a f r o s t foundations. ( b ) Continued study of groundwater flow and p r e s s u r e
i n an a r t e s i a n a c q u i f e r , including i t s p e r f o r m a n c e during the construction of an e a r t h - r o c k dam.
( c ) Observation of the effects on the groundwater r e g i m e in a l a r g e t e r r a c e resulting f r o m impounding of a r e s e r v o i r and the significance of t h e s e changes with r e s p e c t to the stability of a l a r g e d o w n s t r e a m slope in fine -grained soils.
( d ) Study of the geotechnical p r o p e r t i e s of t r o p i c a l s o i l s f o r incorporation i n e a r t h f i l l and r o c k f i l l d a m s . ( e ) Continuing observation of the p e r f o r m a n c e of the
foundation pore p r e s s u r e s beneath a hollow joint c o n c r e t e d a m .
Division of Building Re s e a r c h . National Re s e a r c h Council
The investigation of n a t u r a l slopes i n sensitive clay was continued i n t h e Ottawa a r e a . Computer p r o g r a m m e s w e r e developed f o r the a n a l y s i s of slopes. Two m i n o r slides in the Ottawa a r e a w e r e given detailed investigation.
Observations of the p e r f o r m a n c e of sand-fill dykes o v e r p e r m a f r o s t w e r e continued a t the Kelsey Generating Station i n Manitoba.
E i l e r , Z.
Design of the stable s l o p e s f o r the Causeway s e c t i o n , subjected to wave action,
( i ) M e a s u r e m e n t of l a t e r a l movements in s t e e p 8 0 f t . high cut slope i n t a r s a n d s using Slope Indicator.
(ii) M e a s u r e m e n t of embankment m o v e m e n t s and foundation s o i l pore - p r e s s u r e s during construction of a causeway-dam founded on silt. (iii) M e a s u r e m e n t s of l o n g - t e r m movements in a cut
slope i n stiff f i s s u r e d clay and till. Hvdro -0uCbec
(i) Controle d e m i s e e n place de t i l l s , sables e t g r a v i e r s s u r d e s r e m b l a i s atteignant jusqut& 400 pieds de hauteur
-
b a r r a g e s en t e r r e e t enrochement.( i i ) Contrdle de m i s e e n place e t d e compactage d t enrochement fabriquit
-
difficultCs dae s au pour centage exces sif de fins.(iii) Installation d e piitzom&tres, d r a p p a r e i l s d e m e s u r e d e t a s s e m e n t ou d e dCplacement horizontal ou
e n c o r e d t i n d i c a t e u r s d e p r e s sion. LaRochelle,
P.
( i ) Investigation of a slope f a i l u r e on Lake Saint John a r e a which involves a n overconsolidated clay. F i e l d work includes vane t e s t s and sampling. L a b o r a t o r y work includes the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of s t r e n g t h and r e s i d u a l s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s with t r i a x i a l and s h e a r box apparatus.
(ii) E l a s t i c s t r e s s distribution i s being d e t e r m i n e d in t h e bank of a n excavation on a 2 photo -elastic model. Ontario D e ~ a r t m e n t of Highwavs
S h o r t and l o n g - t e r m study of stability of t a l u s slopes. Patton. F. D.
1965 -66
-
Completed Ph. D. field studies a t University of Illinois on stability of r o c k slopes in the Rocky Mountains of Canada and the United S t a t e s , and an a s sociated l a b o r a t o r y testing p r o g r a m m e which developed a f r a m e w o r k for the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of d i r e c t s h e a r t e s t s of m a t e r i a l s having a n i r r e g u l a r f a i l u r e s u r f a c e .d a m foundations undertaken by Portuguese engineers and co -operating in a l a b o r a t o r y r e s e a r c h programnle on the s h e a r s t r e n g t h of rock.
P,
F,
R, A, (Saskatoon)R e s e a r c h into r i p r a p and slope protection for e a r t h embankments and cuts a s r e g a r d s the relative m e r i t s o f protective m a t e r i a l vs. beach slopes i s continuing.
Heave observations of s t r u c t u r e s and s l a b s have been continuing to d e t e r m i n e behaviour due to swelling type clays and shale and f r o s t action.
Scott, J . D .
P o r e water p r e s s u r e s and e a r t h p r e s s u r e s i n a recently constructed d a m were measured. The performance of the Maihak vibrating w i r e i n s t r u m e n t s which w e r e used was evaluated.
Seychuk, J. L.
Investigation and feasibility study of a n e a r t h d a m some 100 f e e t high to be constructed in a valley underlain by about 30 f e e t of variable overburden followed by limestone bedrock with extensive voids and gypsum s e a m s . A f e a t u r e of the bedrock i s that i t contains an a r t e s i a n p r e s s u r e with a head s o m e 40 feet above the valley floor. S i n c l a i r , S. R.
S h e a r s t r e n g t h properties of overconsolidated clays and clay shales with particular application to the stability of slopes. Soderman.
L.
G.
Determination of instantaneous porewater p r e s s u r e s in a foundation clay underlying a 6 0 f t , fill placed i n a 'lVtl-shaped valley. Tubbesing, K.
( i ) Design and foundations of dykes in sporadic p e r m a - f r o s t zone.
(ii) Developing methods of p e r m a f r o s t reconnaissance in low m o i s t u r e s o i l s (glacial till) and m o i s t g r a n u l a r
by d r i l l i n g , o r o t h e r w i s e , a n d d u r i n g sampling by v a r i o u s methods.
(iii) Dumping of p e r m a f r o s t s o i l fill. i n w a t e r f o r c o f f e r d a m s , etc.
U n i v e r s i t y of W e s t e r n O n t a r i o
Effective s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r s of glacial c l a y s involved in two l a r g e slope f a i l u r e s on the Don Valley P a r k w a y , Toronto. The s o i l s contain a p e c u l i a r swelling clay.
APPENDIX "All
MEMBERS O F THE CANADIAN SECTION O F THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY F O R S O I L MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
T i t l e o r N a m e A d a m s , J . I. A g e n s k y , N. G. A k i n c i , A. A l i , P. A l m e d a , F . A . A m a r a l , R. H. A n d e r s o n , C. E . A n d e r s o n , K. 0. Occupation A d d r e s s S u p e r v i s i n g E n g i n e e r Hydro - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , R e s e a r c h D i v i s i o n ,
200 Kipling Avenue South, T o r o n t o 18, O n t a r i o . D i v i s i o n a l S o i l s E n g i n e e r S o i l s E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h A s s i s t a n t Design E n g i n e e r R a c e y , M a c C a l l u m & Bluteau Ltd.
,
5890 Monkland A v e n u e , M o n t r e a l 28, P. Q. Geocon Ltd.,
14 H a a s Road, R e x d a l e,
O n t a r i o . Civil E n g i n e e r i n g D e p a r t m e n t U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , E n g i n e e r i n g D e s i g n D i v i s i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o . S o i l s E n g i n e e r 1237 B i r chview D r i v e , P o r t C r e d i t , O n t a r i o . E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g i s t Underwood, M c L e l l a n & A S S O C S . , 149 5 P e m b i n a Highway, Winnipeg 1 9 , Manitoba. A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a .A n d e r s o n , L. G. A r k s , R. A r g u e , G. H. B a i k i e , L . D. B a i r d , N . B a r s v a r y , A. K. B a s a r k e , N. S. B a u e r , G . E. B a z e t t , D. J . B e a t o n ,
J.
G. .tlAll-
2 B r a n c h M a n a g e r S e n i o r S o i l E n g i n e e r Design E n g i n e e r S o i l R e s e a r c h S u p e r v i s o r S o i l s E n g i n e e r S e n i o r Foundation E n g i n e e r A s s t . C o n s u l t a n t L i a i s o n E n g i n e e r G r a d u a t e Student S e n i o r S o i l s E n g i n e e r B e c k e r D r i l l i n g Ltd. , 1757 W e s t 2nd Avenue, V a x ~ c o u v e r9 ,
B.C.
T e r r a t e c h L t d . , 275 Benjamin-Hudon, St. L a u r e n t , P. Q. C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , E n g i n e e r i n g D e s i g n D i v i s i o n , D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , Rm. 1193, No. 3 Bldg.,
Wellington S t r e e t , Ottawa, Ontario. T e c h n i c a l R e s e a r c h C e n t r e , C. N. R.,
H i c k m o r e Avenue, St. L a u r e n t , P. Q. Geocon Ltd.,
420 M i c h e l J a s m i n S t r e e t , D o r v a l , P. Q. R e s e a r c h B r a n c h , D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, Downsview, O n t a r i o . D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, B r i d g e Division, P a r l i a m e n t Buildings, T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g D e p a r t r r - e n t U n i v e r s i t y of O t t a w a , Ottawa, O n t a r i o . C. B.A. E n g i n e e r i n g Ltd.,
4545 Main S t r e e t , V a n c o u v e r 10, B. C.Nor t h u m b e r l a n d Cons ultante Ltd.
,
P . O . Box 728,
B e c k e t t , J
.
N. B e d n a r , R . J . Bell, E . S. B e r e z o w s k i , M. Blackwell, J . M. Blouin, N. Boelen, J . W. B o r d e l e a u , J .B.
B o u r g e t . S . J . Boyd, J . L. 'IA"-
3 Soils E n g i n e e r Soils E n g i n e e r Planning E n g i n e e r-
R e s o u r c e s Soils E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r E n g i n e e r S u p e r v i s o r , Building Design & C o n s t r u c t i o n Technical Officer P r o f e s s o r of S o i l s T e c h n i c a l Staff Geocon L t d . , 14 Haas Road, Rexdale, Ontario. R.M. Hardy & A s s o c s . L t d . , 10214-
112 S t r e e t , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . Hydro - E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o m m i s s i o n of O n t a r i o , 620 U n i v e r s i t y Avenue, T o r o n t o , Ontario. R. M. Hardy & A s s o c s . Ltd., 10214-
112 S t r e e t , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . Thompson F i e l d Station, National R e s e a r c h Council, P . O . Box 1088, Thompson, Manitoba. T e r r a t e c h L M . , 275 Benjamin-Hudon, St. L a u r e n t , P. Q. N o r t h e r n E l e c t r i c Co. Ltd.,
1600 D o r c h e s t e r Blvd. W e s t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q. Division of Building R e s e a r c h National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, O n t a r i o . F a c u l t 6 d l A g r i c u l t u r e , Univer s i t 6 L a v a l , Qugbec, Qu6bec. Division of Building R e s e a r c ; ~ National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, O n t a r i o .Bozozuk, M. B r a d s h a w ,
T.J.
B r a w n e r , C. 0. B r e d e s o n , L . B r o d e u r,
J . C. B r o d i e , A,F.
B r o o k e r , E. W. B r o s s e a u ,H.
N. Brown, J.
B r o w n , R. J . E . B r z e z i n s k i , L . S . R e s e a r c h Officer S e n i o r E n g i n e e r P r i n c i p a l Consulting E n g i n e e r V i c e - P r e s i d e n t M a n a g e r A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r M a n a g e r Civil E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r A s s t. Chief E n g i n e e r Division of Bldg. R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, O n t a r io. H. G. A c r e s & Co. L t d . , 1259 D o r c h e s t e r Road, N i a g a r a F a l l s , O n t a r i o . G o l d e r , B r a w n e r & A s s o c s . , 1037 W e s t Broadway, V a n c o u v e r 9, B. C. John D. P a t e r s o n & A s s o c s .,
1479 L a p e r r i e r e Avenue, Ottawa 3 , O n t a r i o .A. Johnson & Co. ( C a n a d a ) Ltd.
,
1255 L a i r d Blvd.,
M o n t r e a l 16, P. Q. M a c l a r e n A t l a n t i c L i m i t e d , 272 St. G e o r g e S t r e e t , Moncton, N. B. D e p a r t m e n t of Civil E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . W a r n o c k H e r s e y S o i l I n v e s t i g a t i o n s L t d . , 128 E l m s l i e S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l 3 2 , P. Q. C . B. A. E n g i n e e r i n g Ltd. , 4545 Main S t r e e t , V a n c o u v e r , B. C . Division of Bldg. R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , Ottawa, O n t a r i o . Geocon L t d . , 420 M i c h e l J a s m i n S t r e e t , D o r v a l , P. Q.Buchanan. R. H. Buck,
G.
F. Bulan, T. C. ( M i s s ) B u r n , K . N . Burwash, W, C a p e l l e , S .-F. C a r r i k r e , S . P. Chan, H. T. Chan, L . G . 1'A"-
5
Design Engineer Soils Engineer Engineer R e s e a r c h Officer Soils EngineerIng6ni eur
,
M6canique d e s s o l s S e r v i c e-
G6ologie P r e s i d e n t Sc. Computer P r o g r a m m e r ( B r i d g e & S o i l s ) Soil Mechanics Engineer Construction Branch, Engineering Design Division, D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t , Rm, 1 193, No. 3 Bldg.,
Wellington S t r e e t , Ottawa, Ontario. R. C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd.,
628 Dupplin Road, V i c t o r i a , B. C. H. Q. C o l d e r & A s s o c s . Ltd.,
2444 Bloor S t r e e t West, Toronto, Ontario. Division of Building R e s e a r ch National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, Ontario. Geocon L t d . , 14 Haas Road, Rexdale, Ontario. Hydro -Qu6bec, 7 5 D o r c h e s t e r Blvd. West, Montreal, P.Q. F r a n k i Canada Ltd.,
187 G r a h a m Blvd. , Montreal 16, P. Q. D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, Downsview, Ontario. D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P. F. R. A . , P.O. Box 908, Saskatoon, S a s k.C h a p m a n , L.
J.
C h e e t h a m , J . A. C h e v a l i e r , R. Ghrnielens ki, A, C h r i s t e n s e n , G.J.
C l a r k , J . G. G o a t e s , D.F.
Code, J . A . Conlon, R. J . D i r e c t o r , Dept, of P h y s i o g r a p h y E n g i n e e r S p e c i a l P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r P r e s i d e n t A s s t . S o i l s 8i F o u n d a t i o n s E n g i n e e r Civil E n g i n e e r Head, R o c k M e c h a n i c s Lab. G e o l o g i s t Head, G e o t e c h n i c a l Dept. O n t a r i o R e s e a r c h Foundation, 43 Queens P a r k , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i o . H. G. A c r e s &- Co. Ltd.,
1259 D o r c h e s t e r R o a d , N i a g a r a F a l l s , O n t a r i o . National Boring & Sounding Inc.,
61
5 B e l m o n t S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l , P. Q. Foundation of C a n a d a E n g i n e e r i n g C o r p . Ltd. , 345 V i c t o r i a Avenue, Westmount, P. Q. St. L a w r e n c e S e a w a y A u t h o r i t y , Welland C a n a l Twinning P r o j e c t , P. 0. Box 592, St. C a t h a r i n e s , O n t a r i o . M o n t r e a l E n g i n e e r i n g Co. L t d . , Box 250, P l a c e d' A r m e s,
M o n t r e a l , P. Q. D e p a r t m e n t of Mines & T e c h n i c a l S u r v e y s , 562 Booth S t r e e t , Ottawa 1, O n t a r i o . H. G. A c r e s & Co. L t d . , 1259 D o r c h e s t e r R o a d , N i a g a r a F a l l s , O n t a r i o . H. G. A c r e s & Co. L t d . , 1259 D o r c h e s t e r R o a d , N i a g a r a F a l l s , O n t a r i o .Cook, R . D . D a h l m a n , A. E. Dalton, C. J. Danys, J . V. D a r c h , B. T. D a v i s , J . B. D a v i s , M.M. D a v i s o n , D. M. "A"
-
7 P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r D e p a r t m e n t of P u b l i c W o r k s , Box 611, Banff, A l b e r t a . Head, Soil M e c h a n i c s Division of BuildingS e c t i o n R e s e a r c h , National R e s e a r c h Council, Ottawa, O n t a r i o , Chef d e s e r v i c e
-
G6ologie S o i l s E n g i n e e r S u p e r v i s o r of S o i l I n v e s t i g a t i o n s S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of C o n s t r u c t i o n E n g i n e e r E n g i n e e r Hydro -Qukbec, 1 l t h F l o o r , 75 D o r c h e s t e r Blvd. W e s t , M o n t r e a l , P, Q. R.M. H a r d y & A s s o c s . L t d . , 10214-
112 S t r e e t , Edmonton, A l b e r t a . T e c h n i c a l R e s e a r c h C e n t r e ,C.
N. R . , H i c k m o r e Avenue, St. L a u r e n t , P. Q. Dept. of T r a n s p o r t , A i d s t o Navigation, Hunter Building, Ottawa, O n t a r i o . H. Q. Golder & A s s o c s . L t d . , 2444 B l o o r S t r e e t W e s t , T o r o n t o9 ,
O n t a r i o . H. Q. Golder & A s s o c s . L t d . , 2444 Bloor S t r e e t W e s t , T o r o n t o9 ,
O n t a r i o . A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of Civil E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of T o r o n t o , T o r o n t o , O n t a r i oB r a n c h M a n a g e r Ripley
,
Klohn br Leonoff Ltd. ,Consulting E n g i n e e r s , 145 Colony S t r e e t , Winnipeg
,
Manitoba.Demellweek, J
.
D e s j a r d i n s , G. Devata, M. DeWit, C. Dickson, W. J . Dion, N. Dishaw, H. E. A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l Engineering, U n i v e r s i t y of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Design E n g i n e e r Ing6nieur d e p r o j e t s S u p e r v i s i n g Foundation E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h As s i s t a n t Manager-
O n t a r i o Division E n g i n e e r Airphoto I n t e r p r e t a t i o n E n g i n e e r C o n s t r u c t i o n B r a n c h , E n g i n e e r i n g Design Division, D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s port, Ottawa, O n t a r i o . L e s Labo r a t o i r e s Ville M a r i e Inc., 400 Boul. L a b e l l e , Chomedey, P.Q.
O n t a r i o D e p a r t m e n t of Highways, Downsview, Ontario. The U n i v e r s i t y of W e s t e r n O n t a r i o , F a c u l t y of E n g i n e e r i n g S c i e n c e , London, Ontario. Warnock H e r s e y Soil Investigations Ltd. , 2 5 0 Madison Avenue, Toronto 7 , O n t a r i o . T e r r a t e c h L t d . , 27 5 Benjamin -Hudon, St. L a u r e n t , P. Q. R. C. T h u r b e r & A s s o c s . Ltd.,
628 Dupplin Road, V i c t o r i a , B. C.D o b r o w o l s k i , J . Z. Dodds, R. B. D o h e r t y , J . F. D o m a s c h u k , L. Dowse, B. E . W. D u f o u r . M. D u s s a u l t , R. D y r e g r o v , A. 0. E d e n , W. J . Head, P r o t e c t i v e C o n s t r u c t i o n S e c t l o n R e s e a r c h A s s i s t a n t E n g i n e e r A s st. P r o f e s s o r S e n i o r E n g i n e e r S o i l s E n g i n e e r CMef E n g i n e e r Adjoint d e l l I n g e n i e u r d e P r o j e t O u t a r d e s S o i l s E n g i n e e r R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r C a n a d i a n F o r c e s HQ' s , D C C E / D A r c h P. C . , V i c t o r i a I s l a n d , Ottawa, O n t a r i o . D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of W a t e r l o o , W a t e r l o o , O n t a r i o . F o u n d a t i o n of C a n a d a E n g i n e e r i n g Corp. Ltd.
,
345 V i c t o r i a A v e n u e , Westrnount, 5 . Q. Civil E n g i n e e r i n g Dept.,
The U n i v e r s i t y of M a n i t o b a , Winnipeg 1 9 , Manitoba. H. Q. G o l d e r & A s s o c s . Ltd.,
S u i t e 1 1 5 , 747 Hyde P a r k Rd. London, O n t a r i o . R, M, H a r d y & A s s o c s . Ltd.,
10214-
112 S t r e e t , E d m o n t o n , A l b e r t a .N a t i o n a l Boring & Sounding Inc.
,
615 B e l m o n t S t r e e t , M o n t r e a l 3, P. Q. Geo. D e m e r s I n g e n i e u r C o n s e i l , 1425, r u e d e l a Montagne, M o n t r e a l 25, P. Q. U n d e r w o o d , M c L e l l a n & A S S O C S . , 149 5 P e m b i n a Highway, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Division of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o .1lAl'
-
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H. S o i l M e c h a n i c s E n g i n e e r D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P . F , R . A . , P . O . Box 908, S a s k a t o o n , S a s k . A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of Geological S c i e n c e s , McGill U n i v e r s i t y , M o n t r e a l 2, P. Q. E l s o n , J . A. F e r l a n d , C. R . M a n a g e r , Highway D e p a r t m e n t The W a r n o c k H e r s e yCo,
Ltd. 128 E l m s l i e , M o n t r e a l 32, P. Q. F i l s o n , H.L.
S o i l M e c h a n i c s E n g i n e e r D e p a r t m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e , P. F. R. A . , P . O . Box 908, S a s k a t o o n , S a s k . F i n n , W. D.L.
Head D e p a r t m e n t of Civil E n g i n e e r i n g,
The U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h Columbia, Vancouver 8 , B. C. F l e m m i n g , R. E. S u p e r v i s o r W a r n o c k H e r s e y Soil I n v e s t i g a t i o n s Ltd,,
25 0 Madison Avenue, T o r o n t o 7 , O n t a r i o . F l e t c h e r , E. B. A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r F a c u l t y of E n g i n e e r i n g , C a r l e t o n U n i v e r s i t y , Ottawa, O n t a r i o . F o s t e r , K. L. Civil E n g i n e e r 1035 Dominion S t r e e t , Winnipeg 1 0, Manitoha.F o u r e s , G . H . F o w l e r , E . L . F r a i k i n , L. A. F r e d l u n d , D. G. G a d s b y , J . W . G a r d i n e r , R. T. G a r n e a u , R. G e n e s t , G. L. G h a d i a l i , B. M. G i l c h r i s t , H. G. G o d a w a , J . J . Chief, S t r u c t u r e s D i v i s i o n D e p a r t m e n t of P u b l i c W o r k s , S i r C h a r l e s T u p p e r Bldg., R i v e r s i d e D r i v e , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o , A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r D e p a r t m e n t of C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y of A l b e r t a , E d m o n t o n , A l b e r t a . C h a i r m a n F r a n k i C a n a d a Ltd. , 187 G r a h a m Blvd, , Town of Mount R o y a l , M o n t r e a l 16, P. Q. Consulting E n g i n e e r R.M. H a r d y & A s s o c s . L t d . , 10214
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1 1 2 S t r e e t , E d m o n t o n , A l b e r t a . C i v i l E n g i n e e r C. B. A. E n g i n e e r i n g L t d .,
4545 M a i n S t r e e t , V a n c o u v e r 1 0 , B.C.
R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r P r a i r i e R e g i o n a l S t a t i o n ,Division of Building R e s e a r & N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council, S a s k a t o o n , S a s k . S e n i o r S o i l E n g i n e e r T e r r a t e c h Ltd.
