العدالة الانتقالية
367
0
0
Texte intégral
(2)
(3)
(4) %"&"'( %! " #$ * ) - ./ :+'(. + + /0 + % &1 2/ 34%
(5)
(6) . : ) 8 39 : ;6. : & 456 7 . ; <= 5. # 43 ("
(7) " >?5@. =D. C9 . '. "&"'( .
(8) 5 "'F.4.@. G . "&"'( . ; <= 5 .4.@. ?5. '1 . ?5. 4 5 9 . H 4 5 7J.4. ?5. "1J ?A K . 4/ =#.4. ?5. "&"'( 2017/2016 "'. A B 3. H& I4.4.@.
(9) LG J.4.
(10)
(11) < <†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó < <…çjÒ‚Ö]<ƒ^j‰ù]<ovfÖ]<]„â<î×Â<͆ Û×Ö<á^ßjÚ÷]æ<á^ʆÃÖ]æ<†Ó Ö]<Ø舜<Ý‚Ïi_ <x’ßÖ]<äéqçiæ<äé×Â<Í]† ý]<»<kÎææ<‚ãq<àÚ<äÖ‚e<^Ú<î×Â<ÀéË£]<‚fÂ<…ç ^9 <á^ʆÃÖ]æ<†Ó Ö]<ØÒ<:Ú<ä×Ê<H<äi÷^Ç Þ]<ì†nÒ<ÄÚ<ä×Ò<ÔÖƒ<î×Â<B’Ö]æ<HC^ …ý]æ J<Ý]Du÷]æ<†è‚ÏjÖ]æ<. <ìð]†ÏÖ]<ð^ßÂ<àÚ<åæ‚fÓjè<^¹<Hí Î^ß¹]<íߢ<ð^–Âù<†Ó Ö^e<äqçi_<^ÛÒ J<ØÛÃÖ]<]„â<‡^¨c<î×Â<^ÞçÂ<êÖ<á^Ò<àÚ<ØÓÖæ<H°ÛnjÖ]æ<.
(12) .
(13) .................................................................................................................................................... !
(14) " $% & #' () ()* # (* #' +, "# # (. # / " 0 ,$ 1 23 )4.5 * . - * ! ) ' 8 9) , (* 67 2$ " 8 5 ' (4 $% & : 1 23 #$ $ ; : 1< $ $ 8 , (** 8 * 8 = #' /7 2 4 4$ ") ' . #' $ 1< )* #' 0 2 & ٕ ,$ () * 23 (* 67 ; ( :, # ; " , . "& & 3 23 ; #)' "@ *. #)' 1 23 1< $ 23 8 . 23 73 ; 4 A5 ' B 7 * 23 # ), . # # A$ 9,. * 23 ),$ C, " $ $ # 67 < $ $ )4 D' $% & , ) ' 0A . 4 :, # (7, ") ) (* 67 #' : E0 #' " 67 $* # = . . ) # .» # 0 /7 .« . H5. IA5,. )* (. . D. #' ,$ ($ H5,. : : ) C,' " + , " ($ 23 C, 8 7 "C "9$ * A+ K) 5 8,$ ( ($ C, " ( J ' & $ $ #' , $ /7 $ #' 5 , :$ " : # , 1 : $ 67 # " -!* & #' #' #-* # , * ( " ): , ") E, 73 + " 1 $ #' 7 1 & ( * $ 2.
(15) .................................................................................................................................................... ) * @ E0 #' : 5 ) J )*7, 1 67 & , ,$ #' , 1 3 L, 2 4 $ #$ " I < & #' . , #'. * D ' H5 2 4 9. D. $ ' 1 ' D ' + ' E * $% $ 67 A5 "7 (0 #' $ $, , $ $ ٕ ' ,$ ($ ,4 2 4 ' ! D. 2 4 # B 8 L #' 5 , ) + , 3 # B , I ( , "B 4 8 = ( ' D. 2 4 /7 M " $ $ . : , A5 /7 ($ IA5, ) :, -!* 67 )13 ' $ 67 H5 ' * #' +< ) # 5 < C, 23 ' ( # ,$ # ;7 C, 5 " + 2< 8 ( 23 0 ' " * 23 . 0 " 'ٕ A , # ) ' , L, #, E , 8 * . * . ): #' ,$ ($ 8 =' -!* ) #' ( , H5 ' / ,5 . 4 0 (+ ), = " , ;7 C,. 4 ( D.. 9 5 : 5 4 ' ") +, D H 5 +J 8 * & A5 ) A , + " 67 93 ' 7 & $ 7 + () .) + ) 4 ")5 ) 3 #' 9* /7 ) #' ;7 8* #' * 8 * A+ ' # C 1 5 ) A C 4 < 8 ' 0 ($$N -!* 8 L '3 D : D. , 1 8 #' /7 4$ "O3... H5 . , 7 * ( ٕ 0 $ , 3.
(16) .................................................................................................................................................... ,
(17) "& , ! * : ($ ( ٕ ,4, /7 E E* , 0 9A 5J , #'
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
(19) # (* 8* " .,$ 8 * ) ' (0 # 95< 23 , )* 5N . ) #. () )* B*3 ,$ #' 4.
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
(21) " I & 4 ) -.0 = (- ( J 2 4 #L, J 5
(22) * I S @ 7 9 3 #$$N BA% SC S : 5 M$< , E* ( P 4* 5 S = . 2 4 ) 0 @ (9 *% / S( P 67 ' 2 4 +N # # . I ) & #5 K) 2 4 4 , 2.0 % 2 4 ,*T + 1 #' , . : 7 #5 K)' "#,$ K) # K) < 6 )1 ): E, < ! $ " #' 7 " < E * 2 4 ( ) ' ( ' ) #' 6 $ E, 2 4 , 4$ 7 "$ : H5, N
(23) . #' $. . ' E, #' ' E, #5 K) ") , : : . + 8 $ 5.
(24) .................................................................................................................................................... # 5 < ' 2< , ) 3 )1 7 ' 7 & $ E, " : 5 : & , ): ( ,4 () )* ) #' ,$ 8 * 2 4 I /7 #' 4$ /7 .) 5, , * $% & ,$ ()A )* #' , * 3 #' 2 23 ( # 8,$< ' ") * # 5 : 5 23 & .. . 7 " ' ( # #5 & $ 2 4 9. 93 #' . /7 )$ ")+. ( J , ,$ ( 5. 2 , * &' "6 $: @ * )' * E' )' "@ 5< 2 4
(25) * 8,$
(26) . #' 4$ . * 5 5 ( 3 "( * 67 23 2 4 I , A+ 8 * #:' "# K) 2 4 /7 4 "#. () * #' 4 4 7 5 ' ()A 5 : 5 ), &-+ ") #$$< 1 $ A+ 93 5 7Q' I0 ") 4 I " . ")-3 5 73 /7 "( * * 7 I ) ,$, )- 2 4 /7 A5 $ . ()A 5 : 5 4 I ,' ./7 2 4 9, , * (9 *3 "), % < ( -!* #' : 4 , 3 #' #,$ K) ) 4 E0 # 8 * #' (A K- 2 4 9, /7 " -!* #' /7 (0 $ #' , * #' +N . ): 5 . 8 * / #' ( . $ 0 (A : . D ' 4 , 4! ) (' $ 67) ' (. . #-* # 9. #' E* $ #' 4 $ $ 23 '.%,' "# : 23 & A5 $ $ -!* # , 9!* #' " ): $ #' 8 * A5 " #' #' , , , ) * ) )* 4 67 (75' "# " : 0 ", 0 " " "E* 4 + IN $ ( 7 6.
(27) .................................................................................................................................................... B (* 7$ < + , : , , , ( ( "6A4 7 M:, ) ( "( , ( : 2 4 .A' ٕ : 0 ( 7 pdf + 4 ,4 E* Q' ", 2 4 ) 23 : 5 ' D. K I$ . : :< 8, . $ & * 4 V :< : . M * $ $ 4 V :#+ : . ( , : #+ 8, . -!* ) #' ( , :< : . ) #' & , :#+ : . ( E ) 3 K- (. 5. 7.
(28)
(29) . .
(30)
(31)
(32) ..........................................................................................................:
(33) .
(34) . (* /7 , 5 (4 (4 # (* ; W & 23 ,$ 1 23 (.5 # #' () 4 . 4 $% & 1: # E* #' .,$ :, , # E* -+$ I 1 #' /7 " < 8 9) , ' "# 1 $ , A, D. < $$ : 67)' " A$ A 3 , 5 (4 (0 , "I . W . * 1 $ = 23 , 3 A$ ")* # (, 4 I 5 5 , (7 -+$ 4 # ' "D . 7 ( . 67 , , , 4 #)' " D.< #' ' ) ' ( * : 5 ( , 1 #' )1 ): ( A5. /7. $ & * . 4 V . 'A$= # A5 ( $* + " , , ( # ( 1 #' ( + (< :) #' 6 $ " ( )1' $% & 85 #' ,5 ) . ( * 6* :) #' 6 $ 7 " M * $ $ V .(#+. 9.
(35) ! " # $%
(36) : ...............................................:
(37) .
(38)
(39) .
(40) ! . #' ' #. ( $ #' )1 ): 3 C5 A5 + 2< 8 8 ) E ,0 - * #' ,,$ 4 9$ : #' ( : 67 #' - (0 4 Z , ( 4 ( :$ 23 "8 (0 A$ 9, E , ' 8 + ,$ 'A$= # A5 : $* + " # 40 2 4 4, /7 ,$ & 4 -!* ;7 .(< ,) #' A : & " $% & 2 4 5 I0 #' ( $* -!* ,$ #' ' $ $ 3 + ;7 1 8* ( ($ '< 67 (*' "($ #. - * 2 4 -!* ,$ : 1 # " -!* ,) #' A : 6 $ " ( J -!* ;7 $ A5 .(#+
(41) " . # $% # &#!' , - * #, ,0 ' B 23 , : E* ( + # $% (4.: 5 (). ' ,,$ 23 1,. 9Q, , 8*$ 5, ) . ) " , $ 2 4 (9 4 / , $: $ D 2 " 9$ & -* .'< L. ( " 'A$= #' + E (9 4 M: " -* & 4 $% (4.: #, 9$ # E* #' , , ' ( /7 : 2 4 I0 $ 10.
(42) ! " # $%
(43) : ...............................................:
(44) . #' ,$ 'A$= # A5. : $* + "(< 8 ) .(#+ 8 ).
(45) %. # &#!' H5< ,0 , * + , ) E )0 '< 67 ( 7 (0 #' )-+ - * , . 7. -!* ,$ , , #' (, " , ( )1 E0 #' ) , 23 & "9 ,< 2 4 (9 4 , - * 2 4 ' + "(< D :)#' ) :, 2< 8 , ' .(#+ D : )#' ) :, + 8 ,
(46) )#. * # &#!'. 4 8 I 4 5 () (+ 2< 8 9+ "4, = #' - * ) # , ( ' "#$% # . , ,74 @ $< (,74 " 4< (:0 ,0 . 23 4 23 9: 94!, E' 7 "(1)$ (!L ( $ (9 ( " ), 4 -* (9!* !ٕ "(4.: / #' 8,$ 9) ,0 2 /7, , ) ' M* 9.4 : 9$N .(2) ! / " * $ ' #' 2< 8 . .66H " 2011_^ 1432 "1 " < "'+ "#-* # 9. "( $ )$) A:–(1) .114H " -* 9. #' #$% # "( 4) #!5–(2) " < "'+ " 1971 "1 " , "[ . ] "#-* # $ #' :( $) .87- 86H " 2009_^ 1430 11.
(47) ! " # $%
(48) : ...............................................:
(49) . A5 & * 9: 2< 8 9) , E A$ ( 4 "1919_01_25 #' M , #' ) A$ N - * 4 8 4 < N$ 4 (+ # 1919_06_28 #' . , $% . "2 4 230 23 227 #' ( E,$ 9!* #' 9 4 ), ,3 9: 9.0 $5 5 A : 6 $ "(227 ) M ( $ &A5< 2 4 , )- 9: $ H5 2 4 "(2< :) #' "(228 ) )' 4 8 :5 ' 8 , ) < . I #' : 4 4 . H5< 7ٕ "(1) (229 ) / # + $ ) , H5 .( + : )#' A : 6 $ . * &#. # % # + ! 23 , ' W 4 ! ' "#+ =" ,3 23 ,$,' 2., 9 *3 A$ H , " :# 2 4 ( # $ ' "(2)227 8* ' . 5 )- * , 7 8 * :2< :- 23 8 # * $ * ( 0 0–(1). 0 " 8* 9N)' " 4 #' )- * , 7 8 * : + .)-. .5 H5. , #-* 0 ) M . * , B 0 7 # <. ' C 4. :/7 #' E* - * ) ' (0 # 9. , "1992 " -!* " * (4, "#-* # #' $$< ( :(c ,4) $ _ .34H. .20H "2008 " $% ". * * "# #-* 9. :(B: ,4 4) –(2) http:// www.yale.edu/lawweb/aralon/imt/menu.htm :, 2 4 $ ' 12.
(50) ! " # $%
(51) : ...............................................:
(52) . = &,$ ,% 23 # ) * : 3 ». . &A5< . 21 % , holen Zalem #+. ! . .$ $ (. ' : 2 4 ) 5 I$ .0 $5. 67 IN "$:. 4 D' #' $ *. , " < ( : P M5 . ' ,. . . , ٕ $ ' "21 $ $ # $ e , 2 4 )-.0 #' I$ . 0A5< ( ) " $ (! * I$ " 4 ) , @ # ,. . . + ,% $ ) ' M (, 23 1 :5 .(1) « 0 (3 ,% N$, $ ( #L, 7 " , 5 )* $ 8 , ) 0 #' $ 23 (* ' "( N$ * I ) & " 67 #' , )7 , 7$< "Larnande" " $< M ,, & 4 " ) : ' 9* 7 $ 4 , 0 "De Lapradelle " , " : 8 +3 * +3 H5, ,% , -* N$ 0 2 4 * M$ 2 4 $, ,
(53) "8 - *. 4 " . 9: 8 # * , -* 93 2 4 + "8 .(2) = " 2008_^ 1429 " < "'+ ")5 - -* :( ) –(1) .40 _39H .20H "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) – (2). – Antoine Garapon, Les Crimes Qu’on ne peut Ni Punir Ni Pardonner Pour Une Justice Internationale, odile Jacob, Paris, 2002, P21-22. 13.
(54) ! " # $%
(55) : ...............................................:
(56) . e , 67 . , ( #' ' )1. 4 M - 9$ : -* N$ ' ( 73 " $$< .(1) -* 8 - * , ) 3 " N$ ' 23 % #' 67 = 2 4 , # "#$ $ 9* 8 " 23 * "#+ =" ,%' " " ( "(2) % 9: 23 $ (.' :) 0 (% * ) &, 2 4 0% , H "#-. H5. 0 & ,, #. # 5 , E : ' 8 7 0 , I5 " 4 ,3 # ,% $ "(3) ) . C0 -+$ 23 ,% "# #' 4 $ - 4 $, < 4 #' ) " ) E .(4) .177H "2001 "1 " , " 0 #, ( "#-* # :( ,4 # 4) #*)_ "E ! " 4* ,% * 8 4 N$ :( ! ! ,4 ) A$ _ .285H " 2006_h1427 "1 " 5 N$ ( 2< 8 , ( 4 # $ , ( N –. (1). 23 N "1922 $ * <, M M ,, # * N + " - * 4 'i 1 "1926 #' ' #' * 4 7 N 1925$ #' # # , % 6 4 7 :/7 #' "6 $ " # #' )* M - # E. :(8 ,4 ). 5 _. .295_294H "2004 " * "& .287H "&,$ E* :( ! ! ,4 ) A$– (2) .40H "&,$ E* :( ) – (3). " "# * "#-* # < e , $ :(#0 ) ,4_ (4) .20_19H "1984 .21H "&,$ E* :( B: ,4 4) _ "1 " - #$$< 1 9. #' $% 7. - * :( 5 . $$ ),_. .22H " 0 #, ( " 2006 14.
(57) ! " # $%
(58) : ...............................................:
(59) . 8 * ) + # 4. , & @ 5 3 / " ,3 )$ 2 4 " , 8 # *. , 9: & ' 0 " <. * = , $ H5 ) 9N " 0 , . < 227 73 # H5. #' / e , 5 (). ,3 , 23 ( 7 :$ $ '. I ' " ,% ), # - * 0 ,. ( $ 0 &A5< L (7 () 67 + 23 $ M - -* N$ E0 # ,. $ ' 227 H " 0A5< / $ $* -A @ # /7 / , " 3 #' ,% 2 4 I " 4 , I5 7 " # , E ,% I 8 .(1)H, 3 ,4 * 40 1. - N$. #' + * ) 3 / /7 + 9N)' " " 0 " M - ,0. , - *. 4. .(2) -!* N$ & !* # , 8 - * 4 N$, ) 4 ,3 ' (4. 7 &A5< 2 4 j 9 4, "6 2 4 9, < $ ( ), # 9. #0 # ' & , ' ) (4. "( $ 0 2 4 . #' ,$ 'A$= #' 8 # * :( ,4 $ 1: ) _ .10_9H "2009 "& " * 6 "#$% # #' ,$ 'A$= #' 8 # * :( ,4 $ 1: ) –. (1). .10_9H "2009 "& " * 6 "#$% # 4 M - 80 < @ 23 : ) $ "IA5 ( –. (2). #+ @ ", (A'% )$ 0 4 # " - * , :, -!* 67 $ ( 0 " $ + )< 8 (0 )- * 2 4 9$N ,$ :/7 #' E* " , #+ 8, #' .41H "&,$ E* :( ) _ 15.
(60) ! " # $%
(61) : ...............................................:
(62) . .& 2 4 , $ ' H ( 1 "(1) #' # #-*. , &#. # -# # ! ! 229 228 4 ( < 8 # * , ,$, & , < I » : 23 (0 228 ' $ ' I 4 . :5 ' 8 ,. ) H5< #' : . (,4 4 H E 0 I$ " $4 + 8 . ) 3 #' H5< 9N 2 4. ( (9 *3 4 1 CL, 67 $ I$ .)-: #. #' " #' 0 /), ) H5< E * $, < 2 4 7 % " : 1 * $, . . "8 I 4 . 23 " : 2ٕ " < ( $ ' , ) 3 5 k .«/7 8 67 ) 3 (,+. 7 H5< » : 2 4 . 229 (. 67) $ : # . - * 8 , + # . - * 8 , ) 3 (,+ 7 H5< " 9.4 . . $4 ) I$' " : ). < & < E * #' " $ .« )4. , < )» 2 4 $ ' 230 ( '<. . ! ,3 # " D ( &-+ E * « 0 , ( N$ " ) 4 ,, "A . * .28H "2010" , .) "#-* # 9.:(# 4 $ ) ,– (1) 16.
(63) ! " # $%
(64) : ...............................................:
(65) . "#< 8 # * , -* N$ (. H 67 2.,' 03 #' )- * , 7 * $ ) ' 8$ , , ) ) " 67) $ #' 4 . 9: @ 3 ( : + # . )- * , 7 * " ) .(1) $ 9.4 $4 23 ) ). ,. H5 900. + $ . , . /7 2.,. ( ' H5< 9N $ ( < " $ ,. * + 9N $ * , $ ).' ( 4 + " 0 73 "#< E 40 I5 23 '.%, " 5 0A (, . 2 4 9, < 4 $ 1 l m 2 4 #< (, 0 79 H .(2) ,* 8 ( , ";!, #' ,T ( 1919 ,$ 18 #' "1919 $ ( 4 # 9$< -0 , "1921 23 #' )) 16 ( 1 0 ") 45 )
(66) - ( ) 896 (. #' 4 &-4 (, ()*. (3). H5 $ 3 )A5 ( " .0. .10H "&,$ E* :( 5 $$) , – (1) #' + ,$ /7 4 K 2 E0 #' ,% 9 *3 23 $ 9: , 2 ) 2 4 L. M 67 "8 - * ), 8,$, ,$ 9$N ) 23 9: ))* # 7 A5 * /7 , " ,% $ 2 4 ,* * # ). 9A*,
(67) .. : ( ». ) ' # )= #'. #$ $ E, (7 ٕ "D. #0 E, M &,$ ,T ) * 7 8,$ 7 "«227 #' ) 4 H #' 9* -* M . :#' /7 : E* . , $ C' & * O $ E #$$< )1 ) " -* :(I ) # $, _ .16H "2002 " "[ . ] ",$ * . ".23H "2008 "'+ " L 4 #' #-* 9. :(I$ # 4) – (2) .32_31H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (3) 17.
(68) ! " # $%
(69) : ...............................................:
(70) . 5 5P C, " ) C, 2:5 ) ) ), ) 0 23 ) ,0 4 B 4 " ; 5 23 8 ) 2 4 $ <, ) . 3 @ 5 ( #' ) ' ) ), 9 % C, ( 3 ) ' ( # ( #' "(1) ), = C' " , 5, I # , - *. , 8$ ) '. " ). ,0 ) 4 1 8 " ) 4 ), # "4 = $, (, .(2)/7 ) " 7 : 8 , ) 2 4 ) 9N 23 1 ( 67 2 4 2L , . ( 67 ($ " ). 4 4' . ' ) . C, , ( "/7 2 4 ** ) ,0 8 $ $ ' * 7 < 9 *3 4Q, 9: , (9* % 7 #' "(3)) . !* . ). k 3 "9.0 8$ , 5 ) L M:, ( 9 *3 #' ( $ /7 ( * < ( ( C, 9 *Q, * , " * $ ' (0 "(4)- ) .(5)), = #' , = 4 K- 4 ( :$ ) 3 " 0 ( 67 ' = 2 4. ( 73 "#-* # 9. #-* # O #' , 73 )' 4 ) N$, 0ٕ 9$N 4 E' ) ) -$ . -$ C, #' ($ "(6) # < $* () , . #' 8 - * ): < ( 5 ( 67)' * W ( # .95H "2004 " , .) " -* :(I ,4 $) $ – (1) .32H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (2) .27_26H "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) _ (3) .179H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*) – (4). .95H "2004 " , .) " -* :(I ,4 $) $ – (5) .68_67H "&,$ E* :( ,4 ) ,4 – (6) 18.
(71) ! " # $%
(72) : ...............................................:
(73) . : -* N$, I 4(1) ) * # $ ' 228 H 93 . (4 /7 # "8 - * , . 7. , H5i. .(2) -* -, )#. , # &#!'. , " + 8 9+ (+ # , 5 (!* * # * 4 $4 93 1945 ( #' 0 9: $ #' "(< D :) #' A : 6 $ "Z , # 8 , 8 # * #' $4 93 0 1946 .(#+ D :) #' 6 $ "20< & #' , . * &#. /# .! . $ ($ 4 !* + 8 9+ (+. BA$ " , "(3) $< ) ' ( $ " ( A 0 73 " ) ' ( + "$ (!L #* , I 4 !* * 8 5 ) ' "* 9$ :< 4< 67 80 @ " $% e , $,< )' )4.' )4, N 84 ) # ( 4 "(4)9: I ),. 8*, 1942 13 #' M<, M * $ #' 4 7 N .96H "2004 " , .) " -* :(I ,4 $) $ – (1) .27 "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) – (2). .70H "&,$ E* :( $ )$) A: – (3) .56H " 2010 "1 " " , .) " -* :( ,4) – (4) 19.
(74) ! " # $%
(75) : ...............................................:
(76) . ! + 8 9) 84 "(1) 23 - * / 8 #' . #' $ ' $ " * " 9: , E* 1945_05_08 #' $4 93 9: 0 ) ' "1945_06_26 #'. 0:, * 5. , )- * , 7 " - * 6' 0 8 # * 4 . #' 9.4 ):, ٕ : 5 ):, 3 I$ ) " < Z , #' )$ * 67 ( , "(2) ), , 3 (1 .(3)1946 ( 31 O , ) 4 () "1945 ,' 20 #' ,. C, 2 4 . ( ) )4 A5 ( *$, "' +A+ 2 4 @ *$, ( ") 4 #+ 4Q, (.0 *$, " ) 2 4 $ 4 M5 *$, " ) + 2 4 $ 4 + ' " " " ) C, 9 ,, ( " 5J ) 2 4 ($ 4 "! 8! !)* # !)* (1 A+ ( "(4) < k 9. .(5) ! 8! 94! - $ #' ( 4 0 e , $ Z , ( 4 K 23 1, - *% e ,. ,. "# # E #' ,$ ( ,4 . . * 8 $ , , 4 4 Z , $ I:5 ) , 4 N$ 0 E #)' "9. ), K A' " "2011 " * "& "6 "#-* # 9. :( ,4) * :( ,4) * – (1) .147H " " , .) "2006 "1 "# #-* 9. 8 - * :( ) #: –. (2). .23_22H. .72H "&,$ E* :( $ )$) A: – (3) _ : 1 ) 4 H5< 4 : ! .37 H "&,$ E* :(#: ) – (4) _ 99H "2009 " 0 #, ( "#-* # -* :( !) #4 .100 .62H "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) _ .119H "&,$ E* :(I ,4 $) $ – (5) 20.
(77) ! " # $%
(78) : ...............................................:
(79) . 2 0 , ) ) '
(80) 4 #' & , . ", 2 .$: 4 D' - * H5 ' 67 $ 4. e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– (1) .261H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*) – (2) .37H "&,$ E* :(I$ # 4) – (3). .261H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*) – (4) 21.
(81) ! " # $%
(82) : ...............................................:
(83) . #$ 8 $ : ( ,4 "(1) (1 .(2), ::5 ' 1 6 ,4 ,' 12 = 23 ( $ "1996 ' 19 #' ( ( , $ 3 )4 ( "$ I $ , 0 ( ) "1948 ") (28) 4 + $ ) (26) 4 8,$," " #, ,% , "9 ,, ) + 2 4 E * , ), (.0 # (, " 4%, 4 " - * 6 * , .(3)Z , ), (.0 # (,. * 2) " 0N Z , = 2 4 O #' &,$ ,4 ,* K- E0 C 2 4 : 5 ) ) 3 4 H 23 1, /7 #-* # 7 "#-* # 9. /7 "(4) 5 -* 0 @ ! )1 #' - * 4 'i N$ ' ( 67 #' , A5 8* (L " ), N$ E H5i , , 4 " 40 C, , " $ # 4 :5 9$N < 4 (5). . #$% # - -.0 $$N * 5 * #' A ( ' .25H "&,$ E* :( ,4 $ 1: ) – (1) .165H "&,$ E* :( ,4) * – (2). "2011 "1 " " , " , 8 * " -* N$ :(BA ) 8* , – .746H .62H "&,$ E* :( ) –(3) .746 H "&,$ E* :(BA ) 8* , _ .265H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*) _(4) "9. , "& ' " #$% # . 9 , :( ) . _(5) .302 H "1010"8 L. .64 "62H "&,$ E* :( ) _ .149H "&,$ E* ( *) ,4 _ 22.
(84) ! " # $%
(85) : ...............................................:
(86) . 67 (4$ ( +' " 9$ & * @ #' + .. (1). - ) 67 + 93 . 2 4 ( "8 L /7 4 p Z : $ . " $% & #) 9$ ' (5$ # ) : 67 ), 9$ ) ' ( 5 , M - () 67 8 ' 0 . I3 9 *% 7 ), , < 24 " 5 . . -, %. # '01 -! -' &#!' . # E* #4 #' O$ &,$ $* 67 (' 4 " , 9 8 (A'% ( 2 4 9. - * #, ,0 E0 C 2 4 $* # E* 7 & 5 #' ,$ 'A$= -* 93 A5 6 $ " < &+ E,$ : 2., /7 "1993 $ -* # @ 5 ( + "(< D :) #' A : .(#+ D : ) #' : @ $ "1994 #'.
(87) )#. '01 2 ! . 'A$= !< E0 4 I0 #L, ,$ 'A$= 23 & ,0 'A$= #' ()A 5 : 5 23 & A5. /7 ") I 1. #' A : 6 $ " 93 8,$
(88) . #' ) 1 ,$ + "( + :) #' A : 6 $ " H5 + "(2< :) .41H "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) _ (1) .87 H "&,$ E* :( ) # _ 23.
(89) ! " # $%
(90) : ...............................................:
(91) . .(++ :) #' 4 23 & . * &#. '01 -' .!$0 3# 3. "" " )$$ # 1974 $ 8$ , ,$ 'A$= )* ( " # ( )* 67 ": 5 : 5 ( 0 ( )* ($ 03 23 '.%, " , " $< ,* " ' $ "/$ ) $, " (1). . : ' '$ #7 , . 8! $- (Slobodan Silosevic) W '! . , $" 2 4. . ) 0 7 / 5 23 8 4 -4 , 0 0 "#4 9 ' 2 4 , )* #' $ ! "(9 4A ). 3 )* : $, I 4 /7 2 4 9, C' " 'A$= ( 4 /7 * " 'A$= ( )* , , 8$ , .1991 #' 'A$= 4 )A$ 4 ' $ #, 9:$ , /7 "/7 )A$ /$ ) $, A43 /7 A #, "/$ ) $, # (2) %70 # A$ 2 4 ' ,$ , 0< " < #' .4 ( , " 4 2 4 ( #' , ( ( , " , =< A$A ( # 8 7 0 , (9 4 $ < "I4 4, (3) ./$ ) $, #' I = ' " 8= k. .56H " < " "2002 #-* # 9. :(!= ) ! ) "( ) $_(1) .200H " " , .) "1 "#-* # 9. 1 :( ) c, )_(2). ] $% " . * * "8 - * 2 4 8 N$ :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 .264H "2004 "[ .36H "&,$ E* :( 5 $$) ,_(3) 24.
(92) ! " # $%
(93) : ...............................................:
(94) . , $4 5 ( 0 " )* , #A4% #$ $ , ( , + 7) ,$ 'A$= W * (ٕ ( (.. "( $<, !)* = $ ( .) , ( I ( . , (
(95) , @ ! #' B ' 5 23 @ 8 - * " - * # - * + 8 8 /7 A5. " ,74 @ ,' " 4* ,% - * "(1) $% . - * "#4* , 9$ ,= $3 = . 4 !* , 0 - * . , "I$% ( $ ( :$ " 4* , #' ' ) , (A- ; 53 #' ( $ ( ' "(2) #0 )
(96) , 2 $% & /) #' " *) 23 . ( . . ( ' # E* / "(3) < $ # . ) ,+, .9 - * 67 #, , () 67 I0 , 7, ( )* ( * ) . = , . "/$ ) $, . , (9 4 I0 A '
(97) * ) 3 "5 9Q, 5J ( 0 4 Q, 5 < M * * 2., /7 "1991 4 7 - * 67 8 H5< -* (4). < &+ E,$ : 23 $. 1993 : ' 22 O , (808) . #4 L ". 8 "(5) ), " " #' " -* $ 2 4 & "1994 ( 15 #' ,. .199H "&,$ E* :( ) c, )_(1). .271H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(2) .66H "&,$ E* :( ) #: _(3) .272H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(4) "I " ) 0 -* :( $, )I$ ( 5 .) _ .56H "2008 " $ .154H "&,$ E* :( ! ! ,4 ) A$_(5) 25.
(98) ! " # $%
(99) : ...............................................:
(100) . .(1),$ 'A$= . , &#. ! 53
(101) !4 Q' #$$< 1 11 4 ( 8$ , .0 12. # " 0 #4 8 " - A+. . .0 $5 .0 A+ - #' ' A+ - 2 4 4! "A$ .. 13 ( "(2) -. 2 4 #$$< 1. I : $ -0. .. i * I . ,5. .. * ,0 ($ M5 < M * ' 4 k j N 1431 0 < M * 2002_08_14 #' ) , .0 $5 I-$ - 6., 73 " #' 7* 9.4<. ). + " 5P , <. , 7 M - . .(3) M - E , -* .0 - 4 $ !A % ( 5 E *, , 0 H5 (4). . .. * ,0 ($ 4 i < 7 *$ $- , 8* #0. 67 . Q'. e , ,. ( , ") A$ E < M * 7 , " $ ( 2 "94 % A$ 2 4 #$$< )1 16 , D, 94% # L. ( ( < M *) < 5 7, * _(1) 4 03 /7 )' M ",$ 'A$= #' $% & () $ I < :E* : ! . 'A$= #' -* . , 83H "&,$ E* :( ) c, ) _ . #$$< 1 120 _(2). .160H "&,$ E* :( 4) #!5_(3) .39_38H "&,$ E* :( 5 $$) ,_(4) 26.
(102) ! " # $%
(103) : ...............................................:
(104) . .(1) 5J #$$< 1. 2< . :! -7 538 6. 23 )' 5 . 1991 #:* 01 , ! # "(2) #' A$ A 3 , < M * 6. $ 7 O .(3) 23 $ 1. 8 4 ( ' :! -! 530 6. #. < 0% 2 4 0 - * 1, H5 #$$< .(4),$ 'A$= )* 0 #- * N$ #' 1, H5 :! -34 530 6 N$, H5 "' , H5< '< I , - * 4 ) '< 67 8 . 4 A+ !* A' ,4 ( 5 .(5) # H5 5. 2 , $. 9:4T ,,$ A' ( , . #L, 8. , 7 H5' "(6)) I :5. 8 "$4 8,$, , , 73 * 8 4 5 ) , 9:4% ,,$ 2 4 M - . . < *. .(7) -* N$ 2 4 < ( #$$< . 9 . :/7 #' E* " <, % 4 .5 5 )4 #' ( ٕ _(1) .57 _56H " -* :(I ) # $, _. .52H "&,$ E* :(I$ # 4) – (2) .77H "&,$ E* :( ) _(3). .90H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (4) .479H "&,$ E* :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 _(5) .76H "&,$ E* :( ) _(6). .480_479H "&,$ E* :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 _(7) 27.
(105) ! " # $%
(106) : ...............................................:
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
(108) ! " # $%
(109) : ...............................................:
(110) . .(1) #$$< 1 4 4 ( ' M*< ,3_3 #$$< 1. 5 H #' ) 4 H " $% . - *_4 .(2) . ($ 0N ) # H-5, (! 67 23 H 5 (0 " . - * #, : $. I & ( * "-. ) 0 , ". 'A$= 03 #' 1991 #:* 01 O , #! ! #' .(3) 67 ! 8* ) $ 7 I ), . , H5 #' 2 4 ), . (! . : (7 67 ",$ 'A$= -* 9 H 2.,. (4). 5 2 4 < ( . 8 'A$= !* /7 2 4 9, ") #$$< 1 .(5)@4 ( #' H5 4 ) ! 'A$= -* , A$, (! 67 ( ")* -.0 : (7 ( 2 A' $ . % , , 7 < M * # )* -$ 23 : # #, $ @ , I0 *), & , 5 4< i $ ($$N, ' .% " 4'. " : 4< 5 +P : .5 ( 8)0 :# % 7 #' '< C, 2 4 #$$< 1 + : #' 4 H _(1) ), I 1 #' W 2 4 4 -: = 3 "-: ', R, # 4 # , . & 3 "-: 67 ' -: : "-: @ E ), , C ' "#-!* # 2 4 ) 4 9. 23 N .@ 5 -' 23 $0 "#: "&0 $ " ,% " :# "'< 4* 2 4 #$$< 1 5 H_(2) . $% = '< -$ " 0 4 $ $ 8,$< ). "8= "8 7 " *$ .70H "&,$ E* :(#: ) _(3). .88H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (4) .119H"&,$ E* :( !) #4 _(5) 29.
(111) ! " # $%
(112) : ...............................................:
(113) . #)' " Z , ),$ = 2 4 ' $ H5 # ), #$% # ) # , - * 1, 5 .(1) $ $ -0 5 9$ , , &#. $2 !
(114) ( 5 46 . ) C- 4 #+ 2 4 (0 1994 $ A5. 1996 * 1995 * , $ A5 " ) 9N 2 4 C,, #' : ,+, ,4 7 < " ) C- 4 ,. 4 2 4 0 ( .(2) E0 #' -* & , * ( 7 (#, ) Rusko tadic # ) * 07 #' #-) "1996 ,' 28 23 27. . () "I * ( 0: $* () , ) Q, 2.0 1997 $, 8 = " $ " #' $% . - * 8 I 4 0 .(3)4 4 *$, 4 1200 8 43 #' , I 4 erdemovic * + , #' 0 " ,". 8 , 4 ! #'. $ =. $. . *$, 4 $% . - * 8 , 3 ( "$, & "/ '!" ). . 4 2 4 "(4)1998 M #' /7. "($ M5 . .71H "&,$ E* :(#: ) _(1) .496_495H "&,$ E* :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 _(2) "W $'A, ," $, ,$ $ - . ( .48H "&,$ E* :(B: ,4 4) _(3) $ ) 4 " I ) 3 ( ""W " "W '! " ' , $ . - * 8 , (' 4 ) E ( ,4, ::5 , ,4 # "' $11 *$ # ),4 2013 :/7 #' E* " - * "W " "W '! " ), , .750H "&,$ E* :(BA ) 8* , _ .95H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – .508H "&,$ E* :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 _(4) 30.
(115) ! " # $%
(116) : ...............................................:
(117) . "!" 2 4 $ , zija belic furund " ' , * !" : 5 (,, / . 4 ; ' ($ E,$, Makic " " 2 4 $ 15 M, , Landzo .delalic. "W '! . , $" ' ) 0 ( 1999 27 #'. " $% . - * 8 , ,$ 'A$= &,$ M - Milosovic Slobodan $ 2001 ' 01 #' 4 " , 8 I 4 0 /) - * ) - * 8 , ) 66 ()* ". (1). 2001 * 29 O , 23. 1991 , : #' 8 #' 6 8,$, ,3 - *. (2). $% . - * 8 . ) . E0 !* 4 N$, 6,A ,3 8 , ) "1995 , $ /7, , "1995 " , $" 23 * $ * 2' 8000 .(3)#-* # 9. + M - Slobodan = 2 4 "/ 2 4 0 67 (. 8 & - * , (,+3 * ,* )* 7, Slobodan E , /7 E* "/7 #' ' ) 3 ")$ ) 5 2 #$, .(4) $, # $ 2 4 9. #' (,+3 4 " $ ' "!* #' " , $" &,$ M - E. 8,$< *N ( ( . . " #' 6 * 9+ 9$,. #' /7 ,0 #' "2006 4 I #' #) E0 " 1 .. +. . , " " #' *$ 2006 M 11. "2009 "1 " 0 #, ( "#-* # 9. -* :( !) # 4 – (1) .123H .95H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (2) (4,. "_ $% . - * #, ,0– -* :( ,4) ( ,_(3) .188H "2005" -!* " * .63H "&,$ E* :( ,) #$ _ .80 _79H "&,$ E* :( ) _(4) 31.
(118) ! " # $%
(119) : ...............................................:
(120) . .(1) ,0, $* #' : (4. , !* H0 - * 8 , 5 29 ( 0 ( 2003 ' ) , ($ A5 4 #' ( A+ ( 1 0 /7, " . .(2) 4 (. # 9)A ,$ 'A$= -* ) < M *. . #' 1 #) ) 4 "( 9 *3 )4 (3). .2010 $ I-$ @4 1 "2008 $ ) ) 4 : ) < . 2 4 75 . 8$ , 7 *$ # ,4 2 4 3 H #$$< 1 ()* # (, /7 #$$< 1 24 4 ( , - * 4.' $* E 8$ # (5). ". (4). 4% ,4 2 4 H " . ) 5
(121) #' M 7 "... 8= ,$ 'A$= #'. ) 4 8 , 5 = #' - * # $ . - * ,% 8 - *' 67 + #' 4% ,4 , ") , 2 4 ,. #. 7 , -$5 #' , # 4% ,4. 5 "D & 2 4 0 -A + - *. #' 6 * C : D 8 = 3 E0 #' "(6) $ ( )* #0, 'A$= D #' ,= * 4 2 4 'A$= ), # (,. 2 4 B "2006 M 13 9!* #' (Slobodan) 'A$= ' : 1 _(1) .13:54 4$ 2 4 "2014_02_10:DA O www.annabaa.org :, www.ictg.org :, 2 4 B "( : # ! _(2) .14:20 4$ 2 4 "2013_02_15:DA O .81H "&,$ E* :( ) _(3) .192H "&,$ E* :( I ,4 $) $ – (4) "2009،1"" 0 #, ( "#-* # 9. -* :( !) # 4–(5) .123H .293H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(6) 32.
(122) ! " # $%
(123) : ...............................................:
(124) . .(1) *$ . #' E* » 2 4 H 7 :$ 24 'A$= #' $ ( #. *$ , $ 23. $ M$ 2 4 7 '. 7 , N$ + "«,$ - * (,4. .'< S $ ( )* #' .(2) Z , ( . = 2 4 1 #' ) 4 H , ( # ", , . < M * , 67 . " #' A$, E # " # &:, M < M * ( ,4 4 2L < M * " , * #) < M * ,L' " 0 * #' . - 21 5 A5 /7 $ $ # )$: 4 #' / 4 / "(3) 4 , .(4) < M * I )-3 , 3 /7 " #4 , /7 < M * #4 "(5) i $ I " < M * M - I # 2< ) ,$ 'A$= -* 1 #' , 8*$ $ ' 1 18 2., /7 & . 4Q, . * . , 7ٕ "(6)( 9 *ٕ " < E* " ) '. # + ) # 67 "(7) - .0 C0 23 ) . 4 " J #' 5
(125) , ) & ) , *, )' "(8) ) .80H "&,$ E* :( ) _(1) .294_293H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(2) .54H "&,$ E* :( I$ # 4) _(3). .96H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (4) .290H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(5) .18 2 '_(6). . #$$< 1 8 1 4 ' _(7) .182H "&,$ E* :( ,4) – (8) 33.
(126) ! " # $%
(127) : ...............................................:
(128) . 7ٕ " 4 ) * #' $ $
(129) ' /7 23 '.%,. "(1) < M * I )* $ 0 Q' < M * , /7 E . $ # 4 I ) 4 #' ( 0 E0 #' () I 8 /7 2 4 "& #' 0 #' ) 3 .(2)) ' & # #$% # & # &+ . 14 E C , = 9 *3. <. " .0 1 9+ 5 . #' ) & 2 4 H # $ $ -* #$$< 1 Q' " $% & # A4% 11 ) . ' " ) , L , I ,$ 'A$= " #$$< 1 18 H #' ,*$ & #' 5 E' . » :), " ) . 4 : 21 ( .(3)«$:, 5 0 4$ A5 "5, $: 4 . 7Q' " 1 21 ' 6 ,53 8* 8-L ) )* ) #' 1 " * 2< * - .0. Q' " 4 C,. I 0 7 3 )Q, Q' 3 )
(130) * 7Q' " ) . ' < " $ 4 C, 23 * 5< 67 "6 . C,0 "/ " . I 0 ( 7 ( ' 9 *% 7 @ * 4 (,+ E0 .(4) ) 4 C, "W ! ' "W * # . (, $ ,$ 'A$= 1 ( 5). #, ". 1 # - * 8 4 , .<. . ), (! # H- $ 67 + 2 4 H 1 :=3 .290H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(1) .98H "&,$ E* :(# 4 $ ) , – (2) .187H "&,$ E* :( ,4) ( ,_(3). .291H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(4) .294H "7 E* _(5) 34.
(131) ! " # $%
(132) : ...............................................:
(133) . @$ #:' " , ) ) #' ( * /7 E #' - *3 40 23 ; 1 4. 4 , ( # "#$% # & ,, - *% e , 4* ( E0 /7 7 *) ( , Z , #' (, # e , (, /7 & , #' ) . + . * A5 ,5 (,$ "(0. .# #-* +. (1). $4 0 4 )., (0 ( , @$ #'. # 9. O #' ,$ ( + /7, # "W '! , $" ) + . M - #. -* ( "#-* -, )#. # 2 ! . #' ,,$ ( # !< E-0 23 & . #' ' $* ' 7 & $ . 2 93 D! 5 : 5 $ /7 " L . () #, ,$ , ) , "( + :) #' H5 + "(2< : )#' #' .(++ : ) #' 4 . * &#. # -' ) 7 3# 3. $ %80 + Hotos")" $ - ,0 8 $ ( " $ D* %20# + Tutsis "#$" " D! 8' " #' , "#$" ,
(134) $ # "")" ,0 #' ! .528H "&,$ E* :(&5 ,4 # 4 $ ) 5 _(1) 35.
(135) ! " # $%
(136) : ...............................................:
(137) . < 2 4 /7 + " ),* ( ( ,
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ikangoro Butaré # 03 0N ."#$" ' )$ .
(139) ,7 " 0%. 7 . M- 5 ) * . $ . 8
(140) ,7 ( , ! , , , ( 2 4 * ) IP .126H "&,$ E* :( !) # 4 – (1). " 0 #, ( "1; " -!* 4$ " # 9!* 1 :( 8 ) * # 4_(2) .417H "2013 "1 " , .172H "&,$ E* :( 4) #!5 – (3) .296H "&,$ E* :( ,4 # 4) #*)_(4). .127H "&,$ E* :( !) # 4 – (5) 36.
(141) ! " # $%
(142) : ...............................................:
(143) . " ) C L, 9 *% 7 . , )) #, ( :$ M . ( 2 "j :< 9$ ( "#$ ,0 9, .
(144) ,7 ( .(1) . ) (0' "1999 _04_18 #' "#L " 2 4 $ M * 0 () 8,$, ' 4 7 5 #< 1 & 9 ,5 * 93 . 7 1994 #' 935 0 Q, <. , " < 8 9+ (, # #$% # 5 () #' ) E , ' = , )) )$ ) , 2 4 9, ( $ ") ' B* 2 4 ) 4$ C L, * ). ' ) 3 #' ),$ 4 ( $ 7 K) M: #' $ 2. < M * ( . .(2)1994 ,$ 9#' ) #-) * ( 0 " 'A$= , < 23 A*4 9 ()* 1994 #' ""#$" . ")" ,0 ,
(145) ,7 I0 * 5 , # E* . 1994/05/27 O , 780 6 Q, 5< 7 8*$ 0 2., ) #$$< 1 + " -* 93 #' 5J 8 ) * " ! #' " " "(3)1994/11/8 #' 955 .(4) , "#L " 3 I0 5 # E* 23 9 ()* # E ) 8,$< -* 9Q,. < M * 0 .. ) . #! H5 ( r ) /7 * + (A'Q, ( $ "1994_12_31 23 1994_01_01 : #' , - * #' 1, /7, ' " #' ) 4 H 4% ,4 2 4 H .82H "&,$ E* :( ) _(1) .172_173H "&,$ E* :( 4) #!5 – (2) .56_55H "&,$ E* :( I$ # 4 ) _. .41_40H "&,$ E* :( 5 $$) ,_(3) .419H "&,$ E* :( 8 ) * # 4_(4) 37.
(146) ! " # $%
(147) : ...............................................:
(148) . . . 5 0 . * 2 4 2$0 4%, . 9 ,3 4 E ) 3 . ( = 2 4 " .(1) E ). , &#. ! 53
(149) !4 #$$< 1 10 ( :!
Documents relatifs
It should be stressed, however, that Roubaix has an important Muslim population (hard to evaluate quantitatively, however), most of whom arrived in the 1960s and 1970s after
Nevertheless, it is mandatory to be transformed from a Latin American platform based in Mexico into a community-based regional infrastructure that continues assessing
The third section examines the effects of the so-called “land bubble” (1985-1991) on the extra-religious diversification pattern of both Shinto and Buddhist properties; it provides
For example, we may read sometimes that a cultural dividing line existed among the Latin American élites between the legal professions, shaped by the influence of German
In response to these developments, as chapter 5 demonstrates, Britain sought to formally commit the Roosevelt administration to a policy whereby the State Department
In response to the first set of questions, I argue that some of the ideas that informed the reconceptualization of Soviet security interests and centered around notions
The rise of American military expenditure, along with forces redeployment and new strategies, reinforces United States hegemony in front of its allies Nevertheless
