Table of Contents
I. Introduction ... 1
A. Cancer ... 1
B. Chemotherapy and other treatments ... 3
C. Individual therapy... 5
D. Membrane transporters: Drug efflux or influx ... 6
1. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters ... 7
2. The solute carrier (SLC) transporters ... 15
E. The solute carrier 22 family (SLC22) ... 16
1. The OCT subfamily transporters in the cancer ... 20
2. The OCTN subfamily transporters in the cancer ... 21
3. The OAT subfamily transporters in the cancer ... 21
II. Aim and strategy ... 25
III. Results and discussion ... 29
A. Overexpression system ... 29 1. Construct design ... 30 2. Cell line ... 31 3. Transfection agent ... 31 4. Expression level ... 32 5. viability assay ... 33
6. Expression and cell viability assays on cells transfected transiently ... 35
7. Expression and cell viability assays on stable cell lines ... 39
8. Conclusion ... 53
B. Downregulation system ... 54
1. Endogenous SLC22A18 expression cell line ... 54
2. Knockdown cell line ... 56
3. Knockout cell line ... 63
4. Conclusion ... 66
IV. Conclusion and perspectives ... 69
V. Methods ... 73
A. Molecular biology ... 73
B. Cellular biology ... 79
VI. Annex ... 89
A. Cancer resistance mechanism ... 89
B. SLC22 members ... 90
C. Drugs selected ... 93
D. Others antimitotic drugs ... 94