• Aucun résultat trouvé

Differential responses of three grapevine cultivars to Botryosphaeria dieback

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Differential responses of three grapevine cultivars to Botryosphaeria dieback"

Copied!
48
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Published in "Phytopathology doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-14-0007-R, 2014" which should be cited to refer to this work.. 'LIIHUHQWLDOUHVSRQVHVRIWKUHHJUDSHYLQHFXOWLYDUVWR%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFN . $OHVVDQGUR 6SDJQROR  0DU\OLQH 0DJQLQ5REHUW  7FKLODEDOR 'LOH]LWRNR $OD\L &ODUD &LOLQGUH &KULVWLQH 6FKDHIIHU5HLVV $ODLQ 9DQ 'RUVVHODHU &KULVWRSKH &OpPHQW 3KLOLSSH /DULJQRQ 0RQWVHUUDW 6XHUR5DPLUH] -XOLH &KRQJ &KULVWRSKH %HUWVFK (OLDQH $ERX 0DQVRXUDQG)ORUHQFH)RQWDLQH . )LUVW VHFRQG VHYHQWK DQG WKLUWHHQWK DXWKRUV 8QLYHUVLWp GH 5HLPV &KDPSDJQH$UGHQQH 8599& ($  /DERUDWRLUH 6WUHVV 'pIHQVHV HW 5HSURGXFWLRQ GHV 3ODQWHV %3  . http://doc.rero.ch. 5HLPV &HGH[  )UDQFH WKLUG ILIWK DQG VL[WK DXWKRUV 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6WUDVERXUJ ,3+& 805  /DERUDWRLUH GH 6SHFWURPpWULH GH 0DVVH %LRRUJDQLTXH  6WUDVERXUJ )UDQFH IRXUWK DXWKRU 8QLYHUVLWp GH 5HLPV &KDPSDJQH$UGHQQH 8599& ($  /DERUDWRLUH G¶¯QRORJLH HW&KLPLH$SSOLTXpH%35HLPV&HGH[)UDQFHHLJKWKDXWKRU,QVWLWXW)UDQoDLVGH OD9LJQHHWGX9LQ3{OH5K{QH0pGLWHUUDQpH)UDQFH'RPDLQHGH'RQDGLOOH5RGLOKDQ )UDQFHQLQWKWHQWKDQGHOHYHQWKDXWKRUV8QLYHUVLWpGH+DXWH$OVDFH8)53(36/DERUDWRLUH 9LJQH%LRWHFKQRORJLHHW(QYLURQQHPHQWUXHGH+HUUOLVKHLP&ROPDUFHGH[)UDQFH DQGWZHOIWKDXWKRU3ODQW%LRORJ\'HSDUWPHQW8QLYHUVLW\RI)ULERXUJUXH$OEHUW*RFNHO )ULERXUJ6ZLW]HUODQG  7KHVHDXWKRUVFRQWULEXWHGHTXDOO\WRWKLVZRUN  &RUUHVSRQGLQJ DXWKRU )ORUHQFH )217$,1( (PDLO IORUHQFHIRQWDLQH#XQLYUHLPVIU 3KRQH )D[ .  . 1.

(2) $%675$&7 %RWU\RVSKDHULD GLHEDFN LV D IXQJDO JUDSHYLQH WUXQN GLVHDVH ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWV D WKUHDW IRU YLWLFXOWXUH ZRUOGZLGH GXH WR WKH GHFUHDVHG SURGXFWLRQ RI DIIHFWHG SODQWV DQG WKHLU SUHPDWXUH GHDWK 7KLV GLHEDFN LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ D W\SLFDO ZRRG GLVFRORUDWLRQ FDOOHG ³EURZQ VWULSH´ +HUHLQDSURWHRPHFRPSDULVRQRIWKHEURZQVWULSHGZRRGIURP%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFNDIIHFWHG VWDQGLQJ YLQHV FXOWLYDU &KDUGRQQD\  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  ZDV SHUIRUPHG 7KH WUDQVFULSW DQDO\VLV IRU  WDUJHWHG JHQHV DQG WKH TXDQWLILFDWLRQ RI ERWK WRWDO SKHQROLFV DQG VSHFLILFVWLOEHQHVZHUHDOVRSHUIRUPHG6HYHUDOSDWKRJHQHVLVUHODWHGSURWHLQVDQGPHPEHUVRIWKH. http://doc.rero.ch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qGUH  ZRRG%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFNEURZQVWULSHSURWHRPHSK\WRDOH[LQVWUDQVFULSWV  *UDSHYLQH LV RQH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW HFRQRPLF FURSV ZRUOGZLGH ZLWK D FXOWLYDWHG DUHD UHSUHVHQWLQJ PRUH WKDQ  PLOOLRQ KHFWDUH LQ WKH ZRUOG DQG DURXQG  PLOOLRQ KHFWROLWUH RI ZLQHSURGXFHGLQ )25(&$67

(3) +RZHYHUJUDSHYLQH\LHOGDQGTXDOLW\DUHVHULRXVO\ FRPSURPLVHG E\ LQIHFWLRXV GLVHDVHV FDXVHG E\ YDULRXV IXQJL 

(4)  &RQVLGHULQJ WKH KHDY\  . 2.

(5) HFRQRPLF ORVVHV WKH\ FDXVH ZRUOGZLGH WUXQN GLVHDVHV FXUUHQWO\ UHPDLQ DPRQJ WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQWIXQJDODIIHFWLRQVRIJUDSHYLQH)RUH[DPSOHWUXQNGLVHDVHLQFLGHQFHHVWLPDWHGRYHU \HDUV LQ  )UHQFK YLQH\DUGV UHDFKHGYDOXHV KLJKHU WKDQ  IRUHVFD%'$ %RWU\RVSKDHULD GLHEDFN

(6)  DQG  IRU (XW\SD GLHEDFN 

(7)  &RQVLGHULQJ D UHSODFHPHQW RI RQO\  RI SODQW SHU \HDUWKHZRUOGZLGHDQQXDOILQDQFLDOFRVWRILWLVZLWKRXWGRXEWLQH[FHVVRIELOOLRQHXURV 

(8) ,PSURYLQJNQRZOHGJHRQWUXQNGLVHDVHVLVWKHUHIRUHXUJHQWO\QHHGHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQW RIVWUDWHJLHVWRVXVWDLQZRUOGZLGHYLWLFXOWXUH %RWU\RVSKDHULD GLHEDFN LV RQH RI WKH PDLQ JUDSHYLQH WUXQN GLVHDVHV ZKLFK DUH FDXVHG E\ VHYHUDO [\OHPLQKDELWLQJ IXQJL   

(9)  0HPEHUV RI WKH %RWU\RVSKDHULDFHDH  

(10) DUH WKH. http://doc.rero.ch. FDXVDODJHQWV7KHVH SDWKRJHQV PDLQO\ DWWDFNWKH SHUHQQLDO RUJDQV RI JUDSHYLQHFDXVLQJ ZRRG GLVFRORXUDWLRQVDVZHOODVVSHFLILFIROLDUV\PSWRPV 

(11) ILQDOO\OHDGLQJWRSUHPDWXUHSODQWGHDWK $%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFNDVVRFLDWHGZRRGV\PSWRPWKDWKDVEHHQOHVVFRQVLGHUHGWLOOQRZLVD EURZQ VWULSH ORFDWHG LQ WKH RXWHU [\OHP WKLV ZRRG GLVFRORUDWLRQ DSSHDUV DV D VXSHUILFLDO ORQJLWXGLQDO RUDQJHEURZQ VWULSH MXVW EHQHDWK WKH EDUN 6XSSOHPHQWDO )LJXUH 

(12)  WKXV SUREDEO\ EHLQJ DVVRFLDWHG WR ERWK [\OHP DQG SKORHP IORZ 8QOLNH RWKHU JUDSHYLQH WUXQN GLVHDVHUHODWHG ZRRGGLVFRORUDWLRQVEURZQVWULSHLVQRWGHWHFWDEOHEHIRUHWKHYHJHWDWLYHVHDVRQ,WPD\H[WHQG IURP WUXQN XQWLO DQQXDO VWHPV EXW LV QRW UHWULHYDEOH LQ WKH URRWV )XUWKHUPRUH EURZQ VWULSH LV DOZD\VDVVRFLDWHGZLWKIROLDUV\PSWRPV 

(13)  &KDUDFWHUL]LQJWKHLPSDFWRIWUXQNGLVHDVHVRQJUDSHYLQHSK\VLRORJ\UHSUHVHQWVDNH\VWHSIRU REWDLQLQJ DFFXUDWH NQRZOHGJH RQ PHFKDQLVPV WKDW OHDG WR GLVHDVH GHYHORSPHQW DQG WKH DSSHDUDQFHRIV\PSWRPV0RVWNQRZOHGJHFRQFHUQVOHDYHVDQGJUHHQVWHPV 

(14)  ZKHUHWKHSUHVHQFHRIWKHSDWKRJHQLFIXQJLKDVQRWEHHQUHSRUWHG$SDUWIURPWKHDFFXPXODWLRQ RISKHQROLFFRPSRXQGVDQGVWDUFKGHSOHWLRQLQWKHZRRG 

(15) WKHUHLVJHQHUDOO\DODFNRI NQRZOHGJHRQWKHUHVSRQVHRIIXQFWLRQDOJUDSHYLQHZRRGWRWUXQNGLVHDVHV5HFHQWO\DVWXG\RQ EODFNVWUHDNHGDQGDV\PSWRPDWLFWUXQNZRRGKDVEHHQSHUIRUPHG 

(16) EXWQRLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKH EURZQ. VWULSH. GHYHORSLQJ. XQGHU. WKH. EDUN. LV. \HW. DYDLODEOH . . 3.

(17) *UDSHYLQH WUXQN GLVHDVHV DSSHDU HVSHFLDOO\ FRPSOH[ VLQFH QR JUDSHYLQH VSHFLHV QHLWKHU FXOWLYDWHG YDULHWLHV QRU ZLOG VSHFLHV DUH NQRZQ WR EH UHVLVWDQW   

(18)  $ GLVHDVH VXVFHSWLELOLW\FODVVLILFDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIIROLDUV\PSWRPH[SUHVVLRQZDVVXJJHVWHG IRUVRPHFXOWLYDUV 

(19) DOWKRXJKLWFDQYDU\ZLWKUHJLRQDQG \HDU 

(20) 1HYHUWKHOHVVLWKDVEHHQ UHSRUWHGWKDWFY &KDUGRQQD\ LVOHVVVXVFHSWLEOHWKDQFY *HZXU]WUDPLQHU DQGFY 0RXUYqGUH  WR%RWU\RVSKHULDGLHEDFNDQGHVFDGLVHDVH 

(21) %\XVLQJDWZRGLPHQVLRQDOJHOHOHFWURSKRUHVLV '(

(22) EDVHGSURWHRPLFDSSURDFKWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\DGGUHVVHVDJOREDORYHUYLHZRIWKHSURWHLQ VLJQDWXUH LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG WUXQN ZRRG RI WKH JUDSHYLQH FXOWLYDUV &KDUGRQQD\  &

(23) . *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  *

(24)  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  0

(25)  0RUHRYHU DQDO\VLV RI WUDQVFULSWV FRGLQJ IRU VRPH. http://doc.rero.ch. LGHQWLILHGSURWHLQVDQGTXDQWLILFDWLRQRIWDUJHWHGPHWDEROLWHVZHUHSHUIRUPHGDVFRPSOHPHQWWR WKHSURWHRPLFDSSURDFK%RWKWRWDOSKHQROLFDQGVWLOEHQLFFRPSRXQGVZHUHTXDQWLILHGLQUHODWLRQ WRWKHLUGHIHQVHUROHDQGWKHLULQYROYHPHQWLQWKHVXVFHSWLELOLW\OHYHORIVRPHFXOWLYDUV  0$7(5,$/6$1'0(7+2'6 3ODQW PDWHULDO 3UHOLPLQDU\ REVHUYDWLRQV RI EURZQ VWULSH UHYHDOHG WKDW WKLV V\PSWRP LV HVSHFLDOO\SUHVHQWLQWKHWUXQNRIDSRSOHFWLFRU%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFNDIIHFWHGSODQWV GLVHDVHG SODQWV

(26)  

(27) &RQVHTXHQWO\WKUHHDV\PSWRPDWLF FRQWURO

(28) DQGWKUHHGLVHDVHGSODQWVSHUFXOWLYDU ZHUH XSURRWHG LQ -XO\  IURP WKUHH )UHQFK YLQH\DUGV FXOWLYDWHG LQ D GLIIHUHQW ORFDWLRQ RI GLIIHUHQW DJH DQG JUDIWHG RQ D GLIIHUHQW URRWVWRFN 7DEOH 

(29)  DQG FRQVLGHUHG IRU WKLV VWXG\ &RQWUROSODQWVGLGQRWVKRZDQ\WUXQNGLVHDVHUHODWHGIROLDUV\PSWRPVLQFHDWOHDVW\HDUV$IWHU UHPRYDO RI WKH EDUN WUXQN RI DOO WKH SODQWV ZDV LQVSHFWHG IRU WKH SUHVHQFH RI EURZQ VWULSH 6XSSOHPHQWDO )LJXUH 

(30)  DQG VDPSOHV FRQVLVWLQJ RI WKH RXWHU [\OHP  PP WKLFN

(31)  ZHUH FROOHFWHG ZLWK D VWHULOH FKLVHO 6LQFH EURZQ VWULSH ZDV GHWHFWHG RQO\ LQ WKH WUXQN RI GLVHDVHG SODQWVDWRWDORIWKUHHJURXSVRIVDPSOHVSHUFXOWLYDUZHUHFROOHFWHGDV\PSWRPDWLFWUXQNZRRG IURP FRQWURO $& $V\PSWRPDWLF &RQWURO

(32)  DQG GLVHDVHG $' $V\PSWRPDWLF 'LVHDVHG

(33)  SODQWV DQG EURZQ VWULSHG WUXQN ZRRG IURP GLVHDVHG %' %URZQ 'LVHDVHG

(34)  SODQWV 7KUHH ELRORJLFDO  . 4.

(35) UHSOLFDWHVSHUJURXS LHWKUHHZRRGVDPSOHVIURPWKUHHGLIIHUHQWSODQWV

(36) ZHUHFDUULHGRXWIRUDOO WKHDQDO\VLV,QRUGHUWRYHULI\WKHDVVRFLDWLRQRI%RWU\RVSKDHULDGLHEDFNDJHQWVZLWKWKHEURZQ VWULSH DOO VDPSOHV ZHUH DOVR VXEMHFWHG WR ELRORJLFDO LVRODWLRQEDVHG VFUHHQLQJ DV GHVFULEHG E\ /DULJQRQ DQG 'XERV 

(37)  

(38)  :RRG\ WLVVXHV XVHG IRU SURWHLQ 51$ DQG PHWDEROLWHV H[WUDFWLRQV ZHUH IUR]HQ LQ WKH ILHOG ZLWK OLTXLG QLWURJHQ DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\ VWRUHG DW í ƒ& %HIRUH HDFKDQDO\VLV WKH DPRXQWRI ELRORJLFDO VDPSOH QHHGHG ZDV JURXQG WR D ILQHSRZGHU LQ OLTXLGQLWURJHQZLWKD0L[HU0LOO00 5HWVFK+DDQ*HUPDQ\

(39)   3URWHLQ H[WUDFWLRQ 7RWDO SURWHLQ IUDFWLRQ RI ZRRG\ VDPSOHV ZDV LVRODWHG XVLQJ D SKHQRO. http://doc.rero.ch. EDVHGSURFHGXUHDFFRUGLQJWR0DJQLQ5REHUWHWDO 

(40)  

(41) 7KHSRZGHUHGWLVVXHZDVSODFHG LQPLFURWXEHV “JRISRZGHUSHUP/PLFURWXEHV

(42) DQGWKHQUHVXVSHQGHGLQP/ RIFROGDFHWRQH$IWHUYRUWH[LQJWKRURXJKO\IRUVWKHWXEHVZHUHFHQWULIXJHGDWJIRU PLQ DW  ƒ& 7KH UHVXOWDQW SHOOHW ZDV ZDVKHG RQFH PRUH ZLWK FROG DFHWRQH 7KH SHOOHW ZDV VHTXHQWLDOO\ ULQVHG DW OHDVW  WLPHV ZLWK FROG  DFHWRQH XQWLO WKH VXSHUQDWDQW ZDV FRORUOHVV WKHQUHVXVSHQGHGLQP/RIFROG ZY

(43) WULFKORURDFHWLFDFLG 7&$

(44) +27KHVXVSHQVLRQ ZDV VRQLFDWHG LQ D ZDWHU EDWK DW  ƒ& IRU  PLQ $IWHU FHQWULIXJDWLRQ WKH SHOOHWV ZHUH VHTXHQWLDOO\ ZDVKHG WZLFH ZLWK  ZY

(45)  7&$+2 DQG WZLFH ZLWK  YY

(46)  DFHWRQH 7KLV SHOOHW ZDV DLUGULHG DQG WKH GU\ SRZGHU ZDV UHVXVSHQGHG LQ  P/ GHQVH VRGLXP GRGHF\O VXOSKDWH 6'6

(47)  EXIIHU > ZY

(48)  VXFURVH  ZY

(49)  6'6  0 WULV K\GUR[\PHWK\O

(50)  DPLQRPHWKDQH 7ULV

(51) +&OS+ YY

(52) PHUFDSWRHWKDQRO@7KHQP/RIDSKHQRO VROXWLRQ 6LJPD$OGULFK 6W /RXLV 02 86$

(53)  ZDV DGGHG DQG WKH UHVXOWLQJ PL[WXUH ZDV YRUWH[HGIRUV7KHSKHQROSKDVHUHFRYHUHGE\FHQWULIXJDWLRQDWJIRUPLQDW ƒ& ZDVVHSDUDWHGLQWZRDOLTXRWV2QHRIP/ZDVWUDQVIHUUHGWRDP/)DOFRQWXEHZKLOHDQ DOLTXRW RI  P/ ZDV SODFHG LQ D  P/ PLFURWXEH )XUWKHU VWHSV ZHUH IROORZHG LQ SDUDOOHO $IWHU DGGLWLRQ RI  YROXPHV RI FROG  0 DPPRQLXP DFHWDWH LQ PHWKDQRO SURWHLQV ZHUH SUHFLSLWDWHG IURP WKH SKHQRO SKDVH RYHUQLJKW DW í ƒ& 7KH SUHFLSLWDWHG SURWHLQV ZHUH  . 5.

(54) UHFRYHUHGE\FHQWULIXJDWLRQZDVKHGWZLFHZLWKFROG0DPPRQLXPDFHWDWHLQPHWKDQRODQG WZLFH ZLWK  YY

(55)  DFHWRQH 7KH ILQDO SHOOHW ZDV DLUGULHG DQG VWRUHG DW í ƒ& 7KH SHOOHW UHWULHYHG IURP WKH DOLTXRW RI  P/ ZDV GLVVROYHG LQ  —/ RI  0 XUHD  0 WKLRXUHD  ZY

(56)   > FKRODPLGRSURS\O

(57) GLPHWK\ODPPRQLR@SURSDQHVXOIRQDWH &+$36

(58)  DQG  P0 GLWKLRWKUHLWRO '77

(59)  IRU SURWHLQ TXDQWLILFDWLRQ XVLQJ WKH 3LHUFH  QP 3URWHLQ $VVD\ .LW 7KHUPR)LVKHUVFLHQWLILF:DOWKDP0$86$

(60) DQGERYLQHVHUXPDOEXPLQ %6$

(61) DVVWDQGDUG $IWHUTXDQWLILFDWLRQSURWHLQVDPSOHVZHUHVROXELOLVHGLQDVDPSOHEXIIHUFRQVLVWLQJRI0XUHD 0WKLRXUHD ZY

(62) &+$36 YY

(63) LPPRELOL]HGS+JUDGLHQW ,3*

(64) EXIIHUP0 '77DQGWUDFHVRIEURPRSKHQROEOXH. http://doc.rero.ch.  7ZR'LPHQVLRQDO (OHFWURSKRUHVLV '(

(65)  )RU SUHSDUDWLYH '( DQDO\VLV VDPSOHV FRQWDLQLQJ DSSUR[LPDWHO\  ȝJ RI WRWDO SURWHLQ IUDFWLRQ ZHUH GLOXWHG LQ D PL[WXUH FRQWDLQLQJ VDPSOHEXIIHU DQG  YY

(66)  JO\FHURO WR D ILQDOYROXPH RI ȝ/ ,3* JHO VWULSV 5HDG\6WULS ,3*S+±FP%LR5DG+HUFXOHV&$86$

(67) ZHUHDFWLYHO\UHK\GUDWHGRYHUQLJKWDWƒ& ZLWK WKH PL[WXUH ,VRHOHFWULF IRFXVLQJ ,()

(68)  ZDV FRQGXFWHG DW  ƒ& LQ DQ ,3*SKRU XQLW $PHUVKDP3KDUPDFLD6ZHGHQ

(69) DVIROORZVDOLQHDULQFUHDVHIURPWR9WRJLYHDWRWDO RI9K)RFXVHGSURWHLQVZHUHUHGXFHGDQGVXEVHTXHQWO\DON\ODWHGDFFRUGLQJWR*|UJHW DO 

(70)  

(71) ,3*VWULSVZHUHWKHQSODFHGRQWKHWRSRIYHUWLFDOVODEVRISRO\DFU\ODPLGH 7 DQG&

(72) DQGVHDOHGE\DOD\HURI ZY

(73) ORZPHOWLQJSRLQWDJDURVH0%LV7ULV 0 +&O DQG  ZY

(74)  6'6 (OHFWURSKRUHWLF PLJUDWLRQ DORQJ WKH VHFRQG GLPHQVLRQ ZDV SHUIRUPHGXVLQJD0LQL3URWHDQ&HOO %LR5DG

(75) XQGHUDYROWDJHRI9IRUPLQIROORZHG E\9IRUK$IWHUFRPSOHWLRQRI6'6SRO\DFU\ODPLGHJHOHOHFWURSKRUHVLV 3$*(

(76) JHOV ZHUH VWDLQHG ZLWK FROORLGDO &RRPDVVLH %ULOOLDQW %OXH XVLQJ WKH 3DJH%OXH 70 3URWHLQ 6WDLQLQJ 6ROXWLRQ )HUPHQWDV86$

(77) IROORZLQJWKHPDQXIDFWXUHU¶VLQVWUXFWLRQV.  . 6.

(78) ,PDJH $QDO\VLV 'LJLWL]HG LPDJHV DW  ȝP UHVROXWLRQ ZHUH REWDLQHG XVLQJ WKH *6 VFDQQHU DQG 4XDQWLW\ 2QH  VRIWZDUH %LR5DG +HUFXOHV &$

(79)  &RPSXWHUL]HG ' JHO DQDO\VLV LQFOXGLQJ VSRW GHWHFWLRQ DQG TXDQWLILFDWLRQ ZDV SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ WKH 3'4XHVW %DVLF VRIWZDUH %LR5DG+HUFXOHV&$86$

(80) 7KHUHODWLYHPROHFXODUPDVVZDVFDOLEUDWHGZLWK LQWHUQDO SURWHLQ PDUNHUV 3UHFLVLRQ 3OXV 3URWHLQ 6WDQGDUGV %LR5DG +HUFXOHV &$

(81)  DIWHU FR PLJUDWLRQ GXULQJ WKH QG GLPHQVLRQ 4XDQWLILFDWLRQ RI GHWHFWHG SURWHLQ VSRWV ZDV SHUIRUPHG FDOFXODWLQJWKHUHODWLYHRSWLFDOGHQVLW\îDUHD UHODWLYH2'îDUHD

(82) LQWKHJHOV1RUPDOL]DWLRQZDV VHWXSDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWRWDOVSRWGHQVLW\7KUHHGLIIHUHQWLPDJHDQDO\VHV RQHIRUHDFKFXOWLYDU

(83)  ZHUH SHUIRUPHG 6LQFH WKUHH ELRORJLFDO UHSHWLWLRQV SHU JURXS ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG IRU WKH '(. http://doc.rero.ch. DSSURDFK D WRWDO RI QLQH JHO LPDJHV SHU FXOWLYDU ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ HDFK DQDO\VLV 3URWHLQ VSRWV GHWHFWHG LQ DW OHDVW  ELRORJLFDO UHSHWLWLRQV RI D JLYHQ JURXS ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG IRU DQDO\VLV DQG FRPSDUHG LQ DOO WKH JURXSV $PRQJ WKH GLIIHUHQWLDOO\ H[SUHVVHG SURWHLQ VSRWV  IURP. &KDUGRQQD\ IURP *HZXU]WUDPLQHU DQGIURP 0RXUYqGUH  )LJ

(84) ZHUHVXEMHFWHGWRLQ JHOWU\SVLQGLJHVWLRQIROORZHGE\QDQR/&í0606DQDO\VLV 7KH PHDQ UHODWLYH 2'îDUHD “ VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ 6'

(85)  Q 

(86)  YDOXHV RI HDFK JURXS ZHUH ILQDOO\ XVHG WR HVWLPDWH UHODWLYH H[SUHVVLRQ OHYHO UHODWLYH 2'îDUHD 

(87)  RI HDFK SURWHLQ VSRW DPRQJ WKH JURXSV 'LIIHUHQFHV DPRQJ WKH PHDQV ZHUH HYDOXDWHG E\ WKH 'XQQ V 0XOWLSOH &RPSDULVRQ7HVWDIWHUWKDWWKHQXOOK\SRWKHVLV HTXDOPHDQV

(88) ZDVUHMHFWHGLQWKH.UXVNDO:DOOLV WHVW DVVXPLQJ D VLJQLILFDQFH RI S” 7KH UHODWLYH H[SUHVVLRQ UDWLR WR WKH UHODWHG FRQWURO $&& $&* RU $&0 VHH 7DEOH 

(89)  LQ WKH RWKHU JURXSV ZDV DOVR HVWLPDWHG 9DOXHV •__ ZHUH GLVFXVVHG  3URWHLQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ E\ PDVV VSHFWURPHWU\ 3URWHLQ VSRWV RI LQWHUHVW ZHUH H[FLVHG PDQXDOO\ DQG VXEPLWWHG WR LQJHO GLJHVWLRQ 5HGXFWLRQ DON\ODWLRQ DQG WU\SWLF LQJHO GLJHVWLRQ ZHUH SHUIRUPHG DV SUHYLRXVO\ GHVFULEHG 

(90)  7U\SWLF GLJHVWV ZHUH DQDO\VHG E\ & UHYHUVHG SKDVH QDQR+3/& RQ D QDQR+3/&&KLS06 V\VWHP $JLOHQW 7HFKQRORJLHV 3DOR $OWR 86$

(91)   . 7.

(92) FRXSOHG WR DQ LRQ WUDS DPD=RQ %UXNHU 'DOWRQLFV %UHPHQ *HUPDQ\

(93)  PDVV VSHFWURPHWHU )RU WDQGHP06H[SHULPHQWVWKHV\VWHPZDVRSHUDWHGLQWKHGDWDGHSHQGDQWPRGHXVLQJ0606 HYHQWV7KHFRPSOHWHV\VWHPZDVIXOO\FRQWUROOHGE\+\VWDU %UXNHU'DOWRQLFV

(94)  0DVVGDWDFROOHFWHGGXULQJQDQR/&0606ZHUHSURFHVVHGFRQYHUWHGLQWR³PJI´ILOHVZLWK 'DWD$QDO\VLV  %UXNHU 'DOWRQLFV

(95)  DQG LQWHUSUHWHG XVLQJ WKH 0$6&27  DOJRULWKP 0DWUL[ 6FLHQFH /RQGRQ 8.

(96)  DQG 2SHQ 0DVV 6SHFWURPHWU\ 6HDUFK $OJRULWKP 2066$

(97)  6HDUFKHVZHUHSHUIRUPHGZLWKRXWDQ\PROHFXODUZHLJKWRULVRHOHFWULFSRLQWUHVWULFWLRQVDJDLQVW DQ LQKRXVH JHQHUDWHG SURWHLQ GDWDEDVH FRPSRVHG RI SURWHLQ VHTXHQFHV RI 9LWLV JHQXV KXPDQ NHUDWLQV DQG WU\SVLQ GRZQORDGHG IURP 1DWLRQDO &HQWHU IRU %LRWHFKQRORJ\ ,QIRUPDWLRQ. http://doc.rero.ch. QRQUHGXQGDQW GDWDEDVH 1&%,QU -XQH  

(98)  FRQFDWHQDWHG ZLWK UHYHUVHG FRSLHV RI DOO VHTXHQFHV WRWDO  HQWULHV

(99)  'DWDEDVH VHDUFKLQJ ZDV FDUULHG RXW E\ XVLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ SDUDPHWHUV  PLVVHG FOHDYDJHV D SDUHQW DQG IUDJPHQW PDVV WROHUDQFH RI “  'D FDUEDPLGRPHWK\O1WHUPLQDODFHW\ODWLRQR[LGL]HGPHWKLRQLQHDVYDULDEOHPRGLILFDWLRQV 0DVFRW DQG 2066$ UHVXOWV ZHUH ORDGHG LQWR WKH 6FDIIROG  VRIWZDUH 3URWHRPH 6RIWZDUH 3RUWODQG 86$

(100)  7R PLQLPL]H IDOVH SRVLWLYH LGHQWLILFDWLRQV UHVXOWV ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR YHU\ VWULQJHQW0DVFRWDQG2066$ILOWHULQJFULWHULDDVIROORZV

(101) IRUWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRISURWHLQVDOO SHSWLGHVDUHYDOLGDWHGZLWKERWKDOJRULWKPV 0DVFRWDQG2066$

(102) 

(103) IRUSURWHLQVLGHQWLILHGZLWK WZR SHSWLGHV RU PRUH 2066$ /RJ (9DOXH

(104)  VFRUHV DUH JUHDWHU WKDQ  DQG 0DVFRW LRQ VFRUHV PXVW EH JUHDWHU WKDQ ERWK WKH DVVRFLDWHG LGHQWLW\ VFRUHV WKH  0DVFRW VLJQLILFDQFH WKUHVKROG

(105) DQG

(106) LQWKHFDVHRIVLQJOHSHSWLGHKLWV2066$/RJ (9DOXH

(107) VFRUHVDUHKLJKHU WKDQDQGIRU0DVFRWLRQPLQXVLGHQWLW\VFRUHVJUHDWHUWKDQDQGXQLTXHSHSWLGHLRQVFRUHV JUHDWHU WKDQ  7KH WDUJHWGHFR\ GDWDEDVH VHDUFK DOORZHG WR FRQWURO DQG HVWLPDWH WKH IDOVH SRVLWLYH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ UDWH RI RXU VWXG\ 

(108)  7KXV WKH ILQDO FDWDORJXH RI SURWHLQV SUHVHQWV DQ HVWLPDWHGIDOVHSRVLWLYHUDWHEHORZ$OLVWRIDOOLGHQWLILHGSURWHLQVZLWK0DVFRWDQG2066$ LVSURYLGHGLQ6XSSOHPHQWDO7DEOHVDQG.  . 8.

(109) )XQFWLRQDOFODVVLILFDWLRQRILGHQWLILHGSURWHLQV$IXQFWLRQDOFODVVLILFDWLRQRIWKHLGHQWLILHG SURWHLQV ZDV SHUIRUPHG E\ XVLQJ *HQRPH1HW 'DWDEDVH 5HVRXUFHV KWWSZZZJHQRPHMSNHJJ

(110)  RUDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLUUROHGHVFULEHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH+LJKHVWSHUFHQWDJHVRIVLPLODUSURWHLQVSRW H[SUHVVLRQ EHWZHHQ WZR JURXSV RI VDPSOHV ZHUH REVHUYHG LQ WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV ZKHQ WKH DV\PSWRPDWLFZRRGIURPFRQWURODQGGLVHDVHGYLQHVZDVFRQVLGHUHG )LJ

(111) WKHVHYDOXHVZHUH  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU

(112)  0RXUYqGUH

(113) DQG &KDUGRQQD\

(114) 0RVWRIWKHGLIIHUHQFHVRI H[SUHVVLRQDPRQJWKHVSRWVIURPHDFKFXOWLYDUVHOHFWHGIRULGHQWLILFDWLRQZHUHTXDQWLWDWLYHWKXV PRUHRUOHVVDEXQGDQWGHSHQGLQJRQWKHJURXSRIVDPSOH+RZHYHUVRPHTXDOLWDWLYHGLIIHUHQFHV SUHVHQFHDEVHQFH

(115)  ZHUH DOVR REVHUYHG VXFK DV IRU VSRWV V V DQG V LQ. http://doc.rero.ch. &KDUGRQQD\ VDQG V LQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  DQG VDQG V LQ 0RXUYqGUH  )LJ 

(116)   51$ H[WUDFWLRQ DQG UHDOWLPH 573&5 DQDO\VLV RI JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ 7RWDO 51$ ZDV LVRODWHG IURP ZRRG\ VDPSOHV XVLQJ D ȕPHUFDSWRHWKDQRO DQG VRGLXP D]LGHEDVHG SURWRFROH DFFRUGLQJ WR 0DJQLQ5REHUW HW DO 

(117)  

(118)  ,Q WRWDO  QJ RI WRWDO 51$ ZHUH UHYHUVH WUDQVFULEHGXVLQJWKH9HUVR6<%5VWHS45752;HQ]\PH $%JHQH6XUUH\8.

(119) DFFRUGLQJ WRWKHPDQXIDFWXUHU¶VSURWRFRO3&5FRQGLWLRQVZHUHWKRVHGHVFULEHGE\%p]LHUHWDO 

(120)  

(121)  ([SUHVVLRQRIILIWHHQVHOHFWHGJHQHVVHOHFWHGIURPSURWHRPLFUHVXOWVZDVWUDFNHGE\TXDQWLWDWLYH 5HYHUVH7UDQVFULSWV 3RO\PHUDVH &KDLQ 5HDFWLRQ XVLQJ WKH SULPHUV UHSRUWHG LQ 6XSSOHPHQWDO 7DEOHLQFOXGLQJWKHĮFKDLQHORQJDWLRQIDFWRUJHQH ()Į

(122) DQGXELTXLWLQFDUULHUSURWHLQ( 8%(

(123) ZKLFKZHUHXVHGDVWKHLQWHUQDOVWDQGDUGWRQRUPDOL]HWKHVWDUWLQJWHPSODWHRIF'1$ 5HDFWLRQVZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQDUHDOWLPH3&5GHWHFWRU&KURPRDSSDUDWXV %LR5DG

(124) XVLQJWKH IROORZLQJWKHUPDOSURILOHVDWƒ& GHQDWXUDWLRQ

(125) DQGPLQDWƒ& DQQHDOLQJH[WHQVLRQ

(126)  IRUF\FOHV0HOWLQJFXUYHDVVD\ZDVSHUIRUPHGIURPWRƒ&DWHLWKHUƒ&V0HOWLQJ SHDNVZHUHYLVXDOL]HGIRUFKHFNLQJWKHVSHFLILW\RI HDFKDPSOLILFDWLRQ5HVXOWVFRUUHVSRQGWRWKH PHDQV RI WKH LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHULPHQWV 7KH\ ZHUH H[SUHVVHG UHODWLYHO\ WR WKH FRQWURO  . 9.

(127) FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRDIL[HGYDOXHRI&RQWUROVDPSOHVFRQVLVWHGRIDV\PSWRPDWLFWUXQNZRRGIURP FRQWURO $&

(128) IRUHDFKFXOWLYDU7KHDQDO\]HGJHQHVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGVLJQLILFDQWO\XSRUGRZQ UHJXODWHGZKHQFKDQJHVRIWKHLUH[SUHVVLRQZDV!îRUîUHVSHFWLYHO\ ([WUDFWLRQRI3ODQWSKHQROLFFRPSRXQGV0HWKDQROLFH[WUDFWVZHUHSUHSDUHGIURPPJRI SRZGHUHGZRRG\WLVVXHVPL[HGZLWKPORIPHWKDQRO 0H2+

(129) DQGPORIWKHLQWHUQDOVWDQGDUG WUDQVK\GUR[\VWLOEHQH  PJ PO

(130)  7KH PL[WXUH ZDV VKDNHQ GXULQJ  K DW ƒ& XQGHU  USP LQ GDUN FRQGLWLRQ EHIRUH FHQWULIXJDWLRQ DW  J IRU  [  PLQ 7KH VXSHUQDWDQWV ZHUH VWRUHGDWƒ&XQWLODQDO\VLV . http://doc.rero.ch. 4XDQWLILFDWLRQ RI 3ODQW WRWDO SKHQROLF FRPSRXQGV 7RWDO SKHQROLFV ZHUH GHWHUPLQDWHG E\ XVLQJ WKH )ROLQ&LRFDOWHDX PHWKRG 

(131)  GRZQVFDOHG WR ZHOOSODWH ( $ERX0DQVRXU SHUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ

(132) $QDOLTXRW PO

(133) RIDSSURSULDWHGLOXWLRQ ZRRG\WLVVXHV YY

(134)

(135)  RI PHWKDQROLF H[WUDFWV ZDV PL[HG ZLWK  PO RI )ROLQ&LRFDOWHDX UHDJHQW GLOXWHG E\ 

(136)  DQG DIWHUPLQRILQFXEDWLRQDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHPORIVRGLXPFDUERQDWHVROXWLRQ ZY

(137)  ZHUHDGGHG$IWHULQFXEDWLRQDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUH 57

(138) IRUKDEVRUEDQFHRIWKHPL[WXUHZDV UHDGDJDLQVWWKHSUHSDUHGEODQNDWQP7RWDOSKHQROLFVZHUHH[SUHVVHGDVPJRIJDOOLFDFLG HTXLYDOHQWV *$(

(139) SHUJRISODQWWLVVXHV  4XDQWLILFDWLRQ RI 6WLOEHQHV 6WDQGDUGV VXFK DV WUDQVSLFHLG WUDQVUHVYHUDWURO DQG WUDQV SWHURVWLOEHQHZHUHSXUFKDVHGIURP([WUDV\QWKqVH *HQD\)UDQFH

(140)  6XSSOHPHQWDO)LJXUH

(141) 7KH WUDQVSLFHDWDQQROWUDQVİYLQLIHULQWUDQVYLWLVLQV$DQG%ZHUHH[WUDFWHGIURPOLJQLILHGFDQHVRI 6\UDK J

(142) KRPRJHQL]HGLQ/RI0H2++2 YY

(143) IRURQHKRXUDWƒ& 6XSSOHPHQWDO )LJXUH 

(144)  $IWHU ILOWUDWLRQ 0H2+ ZDV HYDSRUDWHG XQGHU YDFXXP DQG WKH DTXHRXV UHVLGXH DGMXVWHGWRPOZLWKGLVWLOOHGZDWHUDQGH[WUDFWHGWKUHHWLPHVZLWKPOKH[DQHIROORZLQJ WKUHH WLPHV ZLWK  PO HWK\O DFHWDWH (W2$F

(145)  +H[DQH H[WUDFW ZDV GLVFDUGHG DQG (W2$F  . 10.

(146) H[WUDFWHGHYDSRUDWHGDQGIXUWKHUSXULILHGE\+3/&RQDVHPLSUHSDUDWLYH$VFHQWLV&FROXPQ FP[PP

(147) —P 6XSHOFR%HOOHIRQWH3$

(148) 7KHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHFRQILUPHGE\ +105 0+]&'2'

(149) DQG&105 0+]&'2'

(150) DQG(6,06QLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK/LQHW DO 

(151)  

(152)  IRU WUDQVİYLQLIHULQ DQG ,WR HW DO 

(153)  

(154)  IRU WUDQVYLWLVLQV $ DQG % 6WLOEHQHV DQDO\VLV ZDV SHUIRUPHG E\ +3/&'$' 7KH VHSDUDWLRQ ZDV DFKLHYHG RQ 01 1XFOHRVLO & FROXPQ  —P  [  PP

(155)  7KH PRELOH SKDVH FRQVLVWHG RI ZDWHUIRUPLF DFLG 

(156)  VROYHQW$

(157) DQGDFHWRQLWULOH VROYHQW%

(158) 7KHOLQHDUJUDGLHQWVWDUWHGZLWKRI%IRU PLQDQGLQFUHDVHGWRZLWKLQPLQUHDFKLQJDWPLQDQGDWPLQ7KHIORZ UDWHZDVRIPOPLQDQGWKHLQMHFWLRQRI—O6SHFWUDOGDWDIRUDOOSHDNVZHUHDFFXPXODWHLQ. http://doc.rero.ch. WKHUDQJHEHWZHHQDQGQP&KURPDWRJUDPVZHUHUHFRUGHGDWQPIRUTXDQWLILFDWLRQ DOO VDPSOHV ZHUH LQMHFWHG WKUHH WLPHV 6WLOEHQHV TXDQWLILFDWLRQ ZDV DFKLHYHG E\ FRUUHODWLQJ WKH DUHDUDWLRVRIFRPSRXQGVYHUVXVWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJUDWLRVRILQWHUQDOVWDQGDUG . 5(68/76 'HWHFWLRQ RI %RWU\RVSKDHULD GLHEDFN DJHQWV ZLWKLQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG 5HVXOWV RI ELRORJLFDOLVRODWLRQVKRZHGWKDW%RWU\RVSKDHULDFHDHVSHFLHVOLNHO\DUHDEXQGDQWO\SUHVHQWLQWKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG

(159)  $OWKRXJK LQ OHVVHU H[WHQW WKHVH IXQJL HVSHFLDOO\ 'LSORGLD VHULDWD

(160)  DV ZHOODVRWKHUIXQJDOVSHFLHVQRQLQYROYHGLQJUDSHYLQHWUXQNGLVHDVHVZHUHDOVRLVRODWHGIURPWKH DSSDUHQWO\ KHDOWK\ ZRRG RI GLVHDVHG SODQWV 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ QR IXQJL ZHUH LVRODWHG IURP WKH ZRRGRIFRQWUROSODQWVZKHUHLQEURZQVWULSHZDVQRWGHWHFWHG 6XSSOHPHQWDO7DEOHVDEDQG F

(161)   'LIIHUHQFHVLQSURWHLQDEXQGDQFHEHWZHHQDV\PSWRPDWLFDQGEURZQVWULSHGZRRG7KH QDQR/&í0606 DQDO\VLV DOORZHG WKH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI   DQG  VLQJOH SURWHLQ VSHFLHV 

(162)  IRU &KDUGRQQD\  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,Q PRVW FDVHV PRUH  . 11.

(163) WKDQRQHSURWHLQZDVLGHQWLILHGLQWKHVDPHVSRW 6XSSOHPHQWDO7DEOHVDQG

(164) 0RVWRIWKH LGHQWLILHGSURWHLQVEHORQJHGWRFDWHJRULHVVKDUHGE\WKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUV1HYHUWKHOHVVSURWHLQVRI WKH ³JO\R[\ODWH DQG GLFDUER[\ODWH PHWDEROLVP´ DQG WKH ³FHOO ZDOO ELRJHQHVLV´ ZHUH RQO\ LGHQWLILHG LQ &KDUGRQQD\  1R SURWHLQ LQYROYHG LQ ³FHOOXODU SURFHVVHV´ RU ³LQWUDFHOOXODU WUDQVSRUW´ ZDV LGHQWLILHG LQ 0RXUYqGUH  ZKLOH QR SURWHLQ EHORQJLQJ WR WKH ³VWDUFKVXFURVH PHWDEROLVP´RU³PHWDEROLVPRIFRIDFWRUVDQGYLWDPLQV´ZDVLGHQWLILHGLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU 7KH FDWHJRU\³VWRUDJHSURWHLQV´ZDVVROHO\IRXQGLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU $SDUWIURPWKHSURWHLQVZLWK XQNQRZQ IXQFWLRQ XQNQRZQ SURWHLQ

(165)  PRVW SURWHLQV ZHUH LQYROYHG LQ GHIHQVH UHVSRQVHV ³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(166) DQGUHSUHVHQWHGDQGRIWRWDOSURWHLQVLGHQWLILHG. http://doc.rero.ch. LQ &KDUGRQQD\  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU DQG 0RXUYqGUH UHVSHFWLYHO\ )LJ$%DQG&

(167)  &RQVLGHULQJWKHKLJKQXPEHURIWRWDOSURWHLQVLGHQWLILHGDVHOHFWLRQZDVSHUIRUPHGEDVHGRQ L

(168) WKH³LGHQWLILFDWLRQSHUFHQWDJH´ 6XSSOHPHQWDO7DEOHVDQG

(169) LL

(170) WKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQLQWZRRU WKUHH FXOWLYDUV DQG LLL

(171)  WKHLU NQRZQ GLUHFW RU LQGLUHFW LQYROYHPHQW LQ VWUHVV UHVSRQVHV 7DEOHV $ % DQG &

(172)  'LIIHUHQFHV RI SURWHLQ VSRW DEXQGDQFH EHWZHHQ DV\PSWRPDWLF DQG EURZQ VWULSHGZRRGZHUHPRUHPDUNHGLQ &KDUGRQQD\ DQG 0RXUYqGUH WKDQLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  )LJ 

(173)  . &KDUGRQQD\  ,Q $'& D JOXWDPDWH GHFDUER[\ODVH V ³DPLQR DFLG PHWDEROLVP´

(174)  DQ HQRODVH V ³JO\FRO\VLVJOXFRQHRJHQHVLV´

(175)  D 6 DFLGLF ULERVRPDO SURWHLQ 3 V ³WUDQVODWLRQ´

(176) DQGD73$LVRIODYRQHUHGXFWDVHOLNHSURWHLQ V³VHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLVP´

(177)  ZHUHRYHUDFFXPXODWHG 7DEOH$

(178) ,QVWHDGDORZHUDEXQGDQFHZDVREVHUYHGIRUIRXUSURWHLQVD '1$GDPDJHLQGXFLEOHSURWHLQ V³SURWHLQSURFHVVLQJLQHQGRSODVPLFUHWLFXOXP´

(179) DQGD WUDQVDOGRODVHLVRIRUP V³JO\FRO\VLVJOXFRQHRJHQHVLV´

(180) DQGWZRRWKHUSURWHLQVEHORQJLQJ WR WKH ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´ FDWHJRU\ QDPHO\ D PDMRU DOOHUJHQ 3UX DY  DQG D 0/3OLNH SURWHLQ V

(181) 7KHODWWHUWZRSURWHLQVZHUHDOVRGRZQUHJXODWHGLQ%'& 7DEOH$

(182)  1LQHRXWRIWKHSURWHLQVPRUHDEXQGDQWLQ%'& VVVVDQGV

(183)   . 12.

(184) EHORQJHGWRWKH³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´FDWHJRU\ 7DEOH$

(185) $PRQJWKHPZHUHDSRO\SKHQRO R[LGDVH V

(186)  WZR WKDXPDWLQOLNH V

(187)  WZR JOXWKDWLRQH 6WUDQVIHUDVHV *67 V

(188)  D SDWKRJHQHVLVUHODWHGSURWHLQ 35V

(189) DQGDK\SHUVHQVLWLYHUHVSRQVHLQGXFHGSURWHLQ LVRIRUP +53V

(190) ,QWKLVVHQVHDQXSUHJXODWLRQRIWKHJHQH+5SH[SUHVVLRQZDVDOVR REVHUYHGLQ%'& )LJ

(191) ,QFRQWUDVWQRFRUUHODWLRQZDVREVHUYHGEHWZHHQ&\VSHUR[LUHGR[LQ F\V3(52; V

(192)  JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ DQG SURWHLQ DFFXPXODWLRQ ,QGHHG F\V3(52; ZDV RYHU DFFXPXODWHG LQ %'& 7DEOH $

(193)  ZKLOH WKH F\V3(52; JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV VLPLODU WR FRQWURO )LJ

(194) 7KUHHSURWHLQVZHUHGHWHFWHGLQRQO\%'&QDPHO\DQRVPRWLQOLNHDQGDWKDXPDWLQOLNH V

(195)  DQG D JOXFDQ HQGREHWDJOXFRVLGDVH HQGRJOX V

(196)  7DEOH $

(197)  ,Q WKLV VHQVH D. http://doc.rero.ch. VLJQLILFDQW XSUHJXODWLRQ IROG

(198)  IRU HQGRJOX JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ ZDV DOVR REVHUYHG LQ %'& FRPSDUHGWR$&& )LJ

(199) ,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHKLJKDEXQGDQFHRISURWHLQVDVVRFLDWHGWRGHIHQVH UHVSRQVHDQDFFXPXODWLRQRIWKHJO\FRV\ODWHGVWLOEHQHVWUSLFHLGVWKHPRQRPHUWUUHVYHUDWURO WKHGLPHUWUHYLQLIHULQDQGWKHWHWUDPHUWUYLWLVLQ%ZDVREVHUYHGHVSHFLDOO\LQ%'&FRPSDUHG WR$&& 7DEOH

(200)  7KH  SURWHLQV OHVV DEXQGDQW LQ %'& WKDQ LQ $&& DQG $'& ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQWR  IXQFWLRQDO FDWHJRULHV 7DEOH $

(201)  WKH PRVW UHSUHVHQWHG ZHUH ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´  SURWHLQV

(202) ³JO\FRO\VLVJOXFRQHRJHQHVLV´ SURWHLQV

(203) DQG³SURWHLQGHJUDGDWLRQ´ SURWHLQV

(204) )LYH SURWHLQV V DQG 

(205)  QDPHO\ D FODWKULQ OLJKW FKDLQ OLNH ³FHOOXODU SURFHVVHV´

(206)  D KH[RNLQDVHFKORURSODVWLF ³JO\FRO\VLVJOXFRQHRJHQHVLV´

(207) DWXEXOLQDOSKDFKDLQ ³LQWUDFHOOXODU WUDQVSRUW´

(208) DWXEXOLQEHWDFKDLQ ³LQWUDFHOOXODUWUDQVSRUW´

(209) DQGDQ$73V\QWKDVHVXEXQLWEHWD PLWRFKRQGULDOOLNH ³HQHUJ\ PHWDEROLVP´

(210)  ZHUH GHWHFWHG LQ $&& DQG $'& EXW QRW LQ %'& $PRQJ WKH  SURWHLQVZHUH DOVRD  SURWHLQ V ³VLJQDO WUDQVGXFWLRQ´

(211) D JO\R[\ODWH UHGXFWDVH LVRIRUP  JO\[5HG V ³JO\R[\ODWH PHWDEROLVP´

(212)  D K\GUR[\DF\OJOXWDWKLRQH K\GURODVH F\WRSODVPLF *6+K\G V ³RWKHU FDUERK\GUDWHV PHWDEROLVP´

(213)  DQ DX[LQLQGXFHG SURWHLQ 3&17 $8; V ³VLJQDO WUDQVGXFWLRQ´

(214)  DQG DQ LVRIODYRQH UHGXFWDVHOLNH SURWHLQ ,)5/ V³VHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLVP´

(215)  7DEOH $

(216)  &RUUHODWLQJ ZLWK WKH GHFUHDVHG  . 13.

(217) DEXQGDQFH RI WKH FRUUHVSRQGHQW SURWHLQ LQ %'& D GRZQUHJXODWLRQ RI WKH JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ ,)5/ IROG

(218)  ZDV DOVR WKHUHLQ REVHUYHG )LJ 

(219)  ,QVWHDG QR FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH SURWHLQ DEXQGDQFHDQGWKHJHQHH[SUHVVLRQZDVREVHUYHGIRUJO\[5HG*6+K\GDQG$8;. *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  ,Q $'*  SURWHLQV LQFOXGLQJ D F\WRVROLF DVFRUEDWH SHUR[LGDVH V ³GHIHQVHDQGFHOO UHVFXH´

(220) DFKDOFRQH LVRPHUDVH &+, V ³VHFRQGDU\ PHWDEROLVP´

(221) DQGD SURWHDVRPH VXEXQLW DOSKD W\SH% V ³SURWHLQGHJUDGDWLRQ´

(222)  ZHUH OHVV DEXQGDQW ZKLOHD VXSHUR[LGHGLVPXWDVH 62'

(223) >&X=Q@FKORURSODVWLF V³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(224) ZDVPRUH DEXQGDQW 7DEOH%

(225) 1RSRVLWLYHFRUUHODWLRQZDVREVHUYHGEHWZHHQJHQHH[SUHVVLRQDQGSURWHLQ DFFXPXODWLRQLQ$'*,QIDFW&+,SURWHLQDFFXPXODWLRQZDVORZHULQ$'*WKDQLQ$&&ZKLOH. http://doc.rero.ch. &+,H[SUHVVLRQZDVVOLJKWO\XSUHJXODWHG )LJ

(226)  ,Q%'*RXWRIWKHSURWHLQVPRUHDFFXPXODWHG VVVVVDQG V

(227) EHORQJHGWRWKH³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´RU³VHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLVP´FDWHJRULHV 7DEOH %

(228) ([FHSWIRUDQHOLFLWRUUHVSRQVLYHSURWHLQDQGDSRO\SKHQROR[LGDVH V

(229) WKHRWKHU SURWHLQVZHUHDOVRPRUHDEXQGDQWLQ$'*DOWKRXJKLQDOHVVHUH[WHQW$SHUR[LGDVH 32; V

(230) DK\SRWKHWLFDOSURWHLQKRPRORJWRF\V3(52; V

(231) WKUHHWKDXPDWLQOLNH VDQG V

(232) DPDMRUDOOHUJHQ3UXDY V

(233) DQGDQDQWKRF\DQLGLQUHGXFWDVH $15V

(234) ZHUH DPRQJWKHP32;H[SUHVVLRQZDVLQGXFHGLQ$'* IROG

(235) DQGLQ%'* IROG

(236)  )LJ

(237)  DQG FRUUHODWHG SRVLWLYHO\ ZLWK WKH SURWHLQ DEXQGDQFH LQ WKH WZR VDPSOHV 7DEOH %

(238)  1R FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ SURWHLQ DEXQGDQFH DQG JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ LQ WKH FDVH RI F\V3(52;DQG$15 7DEOH%)LJ

(239) 7KHUHPDLQLQJIRXUSURWHLQVZHUHLGHQWLILHGLQV 7DEOH%

(240) DPLUDFXOLQD*67DQGD35DQGDVWHPVSHFLILFSURWHLQ76-73KHQROLFDQG PRQRGLDQGWHWUDPHUVWLOEHQLFFRPSRXQGVZHUHDOVRPRUHDEXQGDQWLQGLVHDVHG $'*$%*

(241)  WKDQ LQ FRQWURO SODQWV RQO\ WKH JOXFRV\ODWHG SLFHLG EHLQJ OHVV DEXQGDQW 7DEOH 

(242)  0RUHRYHU VWLOEHQLFFRPSRXQGVZHUHRQO\GHWHFWHGLQWKHGLVHDVHGSODQWV 7DEOH

(243) $GGLWLRQDOO\DPDODWH GHK\GURJHQDVH V³FLWUDWHF\FOH´

(244) D$8; V³VLJQDOWUDQVGXFWLRQ´

(245) DQGDQHQGR EHWD'JOXFDQDVH V ³FHOO JURZWK DQG GHDWK´

(246)  ZHUH LGHQWLILHG 7DEOH %

(247)  1R  . 14.

(248) FRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ$8;JHQHH[SUHVVLRQDQG$8;SURWHLQOHYHOZDVUHYHDOHG )LJ

(249)  7ZHQW\WKUHHSURWHLQVZHUHOHVVDEXQGDQWLQ%'* VVVVVV VVVVVVDQGV7DEOH%

(250) 7KHVHSURWHLQVLQFOXGHGD  SURWHLQ V ³VLJQDO WUDQVGXFWLRQ´

(251)  DQ $73 V\QWKDVH VXEXQLW EHWD D PLWRFKRQGULDOOLNH V ³HQHUJ\ PHWDEROLVP´

(252)  D PDQJDQHVH VXSHUR[LGH GLVPXWDVH 0Q62' V ³GHIHQVH DQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(253) D,)5/ V³VHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLVP´

(254) DQGDN'DKHDWVKRFNSURWHLQ +63

(255)  PLWRFKRQGULDO V ³SURWHLQ GHVWLQDWLRQ´

(256)  $ SRVLWLYH FRUUHODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ,)5/ JHQHH[SUHVVLRQDQGWKHDEXQGDQFHRI,)5/LQWKHZRRG\WLVVXHVRIGLVHDVHG SODQWV )LJDQG7DEOH%

(257) 0RUHRYHUWUDQVFULSWDQDO\VLVUHYHDOHGQRVLJQLILFDQWSHUWXUEDWLRQ. http://doc.rero.ch. RI0Q62'H[SUHVVLRQLQWHVWHGVDPSOH )LJ

(258) ZKLOHDGHFOLQHLQWKHDEXQGDQFHRIWKLVSURWHLQ LQWKHVDPHVDPSOHZDVUHFRUGHG $KVSELQGLQJSURWHLQOLNH V³SURWHLQGHVWLQDWLRQ´

(259)  ZDV QRW GHWHFWHG LQ %'* 6RPH RI WKHVH SURWHLQV ZHUH OHVV DFFXPXODWHG DOVR LQ $'* HJ D PDODWHGHK\GURJHQDVHF\WRSODVPLF V³FLWUDWHF\FOH´

(260) D6DGHQRV\OPHWKLRQLQHV\QWKDVH 6$06 V ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´

(261)  DQG D &DIIHR\O&R$ 2PHWK\OWUDQVIHUDVH &&R$207V³VHFRQGDU\PHWDEROLVP´

(262)  7DEOH%

(263) 7KHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKHJHQHHQFRGLQJ IRU&&R$207ZDVGRZQUHJXODWHGLQ$'* IROG

(264) DQG%'* IROG

(265) LQFRPSDULVRQWR$&& )LJ

(266) ZKLFKFRQILUPHGWKHGHFOLQHRISURWHLQDEXQGDQFH . 0RXUYqGUH  ,Q $'0 VRPH SURWHLQV VXFK DV D 0/3OLNH SURWHLQ  V ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOOUHVFXH´

(267) DPDMRUDOOHUJHQ3UXDY V³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(268) DQGDN'DFODVV, +63 V³SURWHLQGHVWLQDWLRQ´

(269) ZHUHPRUHDEXQGDQW VVVDQGV7DEOH &

(270)  ,Q%'0 RYHU UHJXODWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG IRU  SURWHLQV V V V VV V DQG V 7DEOH &

(271)  )LYH RXW RI WKH  SURWHLQV EHORQJHG WR WKH ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´ FDWHJRU\ 7DEOH &

(272)  DQG DPRQJ WKHP ZHUH WZR WKDXPDWLQOLNH V

(273)  D F\V3(52; V

(274) DQGWZR35 V

(275) (OHYHQRXWRIWKHVHSURWHLQV VVDQGV

(276) ZHUH  . 15.

(277) DOVR PRUH DFFXPXODWHG LQ $'0 EXW ZLWK GLIIHUHQW DEXQGDQFH DV FRPSDUHG WR %'0 $PRQJ WKHPZHUHDSUREDEOHQLWURQDWHPRQRR[\JHQDVH V³HQHUJ\PHWDEROLVP´

(278) D*67) V ³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(279) DQGWZR35SURWHLQV V³GHIHQVHDQGFHOOUHVFXH´

(280) $VREVHUYHG LQ &KDUGRQQD\  DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  QR FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ F\V3(52; JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ DQG DFFXPXODWLRQ RI WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SURWHLQ ZDV QRWHG )LJ  7DEOH &

(281)  7KUHH SURWHLQV ZHUH GHWHFWHGLQRQO\$'0DQG%'0 V

(282) DS\ULGR[DONLQDVHOLNH ³PHWDEROLVPRIFRIDFWRUVDQG YLWDPLQV´

(283)  D  EHWD JOXFDQDVH ³FHOO JURZWK DQG GHDWK´

(284)  DQG DQ HQGRJOX ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´

(285) $QXSUHJXODWLRQZDVREVHUYHGDOVRIRUHQGRJOXH[SUHVVLRQLQ$'0 IROG

(286) DQGLQ %'0 IROG

(287)  )LJ

(288) 5HJDUGLQJWKHWRWDOSKHQROLFFRPSRXQGVWKH\ZHUHPRUHSUHVHQWLQ. http://doc.rero.ch. %'0WKDQLQ$'0DQG$&0ZKLOHQRGLIIHUHQFHZDVQRWHGIRUVWLOEHQLFFRPSRXQGVH[FHSWIRU WUHYLQLIHULQZKLFKZDVPRUHDEXQGDQWLQ%'0 7DEOH

(289)  7KLUW\ SURWHLQV EHORQJLQJ WR  FDWHJRULHV ZHUH GRZQ UHJXODWHG LQ %'0 7DEOH &

(290)  WKH FDWHJRULHV ³SURWHLQ GHVWLQDWLRQ´ HLJKW SURWHLQV HVSHFLDOO\ +63

(291)  DQG ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´ VHYHQ SURWHLQV

(292)  EHLQJ WKH PRVW UHSUHVHQWHG 7DEOH &

(293)  $Q LPSRUWDQW GRZQUHJXODWLRQ RI WKH H[SUHVVLRQRI+63&3 HQFRGLQJIRUD+63FKORURSODVWLFVVV

(294) ZDVREVHUYHGIRU %'0 IROG

(295) DQGZLWKDZHDNHULQWHQVLW\IRU$'0 IROG

(296) UHVSHFWWR$&07KHVHUHVXOWV FRUURERUDWHG ZLWK WKH SURWHLQ DFFXPXODWLRQ 7DEOH &

(297)  )LQDOO\ DQ HSR[LGH K\GURODVH  HSR[+V³PHWDEROLVPRIWHUSHQRLGVDQGSRO\NHWLGHV´

(298) ZDVOHVVDEXQGDQWLQ%'0ZKLOH DQXSUHJXODWLRQRIHSR[+ZDVWKHUHLQ )LJ

(299)   &RPSDULVRQRISURWHLQSURILOHVIURP &KDUGRQQD\  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU DQG 0RXUYqGUH  6LPLODUDFFXPXODWLRQSURILOHVZHUHRIWHQREVHUYHGIRUSURWHLQVVKDUHGE\WKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUV$ SRO\SKHQROR[\GDVHFKORURSODVWLFOLNHLVRIRUP JL_

(300) DF\V3(52; JL_

(301)  WZRWKDXPDWLQOLNHSURWHLQV JL_DQGJL_

(302) D35 JL_

(303) DQGDQRWKHU KRPRORJ JL_

(304)  ZHUH RYHU DFFXPXODWHG LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG %'& %'* DQG %'0

(305) 2QWKHFRQWUDU\DQ,)5/ JL_

(306) DQ6$06 JL_

(307) DN'D+63  . 16.

(308) PLWRFKRQGULDO JL_

(309) DQGD0Q62' JL_

(310) ZHUHWKHUHLQOHVVDEXQGDQW 6LPLODUDEXQGDQFHSURILOHVZHUHXVXDOO\REVHUYHGDOVRIRUSURWHLQVFRPPRQWRWZRFXOWLYDUV ,Q ERWK &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(311)  DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  %'*

(312)  D WKDXPDWLQOLNH JL_

(313)  D PLUDFXOLQ JL_

(314)  D *67 JL_

(315)  DQG D VWHPVSHFLILF SURWHLQ 76-7 JL_

(316)  ZHUH RYHU DFFXPXODWHG ZKLOH D &+, JL_

(317)  DQG D F\WRVROLF DVFRUEDWH SHUR[LGDVH JL_

(318)  ZHUH GRZQ DFFXPXODWHG %'& DQG $'*

(319)  ([DPSOHV RI VLPLODU DFFXPXODWLRQ SURILOHV ZHUH DOVR IURP SURWHLQV VKDUHG EHWZHHQ &KDUGRQQD\  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG %'& DQG %'0

(320)  $V REVHUYHG IRU WKH *67) JL_

(321) DQRYHUDFFXPXODWLRQZDVQRWHGIRUDQHQGRJOX JL_

(322) ZKHUHDVDQ/. http://doc.rero.ch. DVFRUEDWH SHUR[LGDVH  F\WRVROLF JL_

(323)  DQG D 0/3OLNH SURWHLQ  JL_

(324)  ZHUH OHVV DEXQGDQW +RZHYHU H[DPSOHV RI GLVVLPLODU DEXQGDQFH SURILOHV ZHUH DOVR QRWHG )RU LQVWDQFH D PDMRU DOOHUJHQ 3UX DY  JL_

(325)  ZDV GRZQ DFFXPXODWHG LQ &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(326)  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  %'0

(327)  EXW RYHU DFFXPXODWHG LQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  %'*

(328)  6WLOO D WKLRUHGR[LQUHGXFWDVHOLNH JL_

(329) ZDVGRZQDFFXPXODWHGLQ &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(330) DQG RYHUH[SUHVVHGLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  %'*

(331)  )LQDOO\ VRPH SURWHLQV ZHUH GHWHFWHG LQ RQO\ RQH FXOWLYDU 3URWHLQV RQO\ LGHQWLILHG LQ. &KDUGRQQD\  ZHUH DQ RVPRWLQOLNH SURWHLQ JL_

(332)  DQG D +5S JL_

(333)  ERWK RI ZKLFKZHUHRYHUH[SUHVVHGLQ%'&$SURWHLQGLVXOILGHLVRPHUDVH$LVRIRUP JL_

(334)  DQGD'1$GDPDJHLQGXFLEOHSURWHLQ JL_

(335) ZHUHDOVRRQO\IRXQGLQ&KDUGRQQD\EXW WKH\ZHUHOHVVDEXQGDQWLQ%'&DQG$'&([DPSOHVRIVSHFLILFSURWHLQVIRU *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  ZHUH DQ HOLFLWRU UHVSRQVLYH SURWHLQ  JL_

(336)  DQG DQ HQGREHWD'JOXFDQDVH JL_

(337)  ERWK ZHUH PRUH DFFXPXODWHG LQ %'* )RU 0RXUYqGUH  DQ HSR[+ JL_

(338) DQGDEHWDJOXFDQDVH JL_

(339) ZHUHDPRQJWKHVSHFLILFSURWHLQV  &RPSDULVRQ RI JHQH SURILOHV IURP &KDUGRQQD\  *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  *HQHH[SUHVVLRQVH[KLELWLQJWKHVDPHEHKDYLRXULQWKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUVZHUHREVHUYHG([SUHVVLRQ  . 17.

(340) RI HQGRJOX ZDV XSUHJXODWHG LQ ZRRG\ WLVVXHV RI GLVHDVHG SODQWV WKLV JHQH KDG D VWURQJHU H[SUHVVLRQLQ 0RXUYqGUH WKDQLQ &KDUGRQQD\ DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU )RUWKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUVWKH UHODWLYH H[SUHVVLRQ RI HQGRJOX ZDV KLJKHU LQ %' WKDQ LQ $' )LJ 

(341)  7KUHH RWKHU JHQHV F\V3(52; JO\[5HG *6+K\G DQG 0Q62'

(342)  VKRZHG VLPLODU H[SUHVVLRQ LQ $' DQG %' DV FRPSDUHGWRWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHFRQWURO $&

(343) DOWKRXJKWKHDEXQGDQFHRIWKHVHSURWHLQVZDVDIIHFWHG LQZRRG\WLVVXHV 7KUHH JHQHV SUHVHQWHG VLPLODU H[SUHVVLRQ LQ 0RXUYqGUH  DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  7KH +5S ZDV XSUHJXODWHG LQ $' DQG %' RI WKHVH WZR FXOWLYDUV EXW RQO\ LQ %' IRU &KDUGRQQD\  7KH GK)UHG DQG +63&3 ZHUH GRZQUHJXODWHG LQ $' DQG %' RI ERWK 0RXUYqGUH  DQG. http://doc.rero.ch. *HZXU]WUDPLQHU ,QWKHFDVHRI+63&3WKHDFFXPXODWLRQDQGWKHUHSUHVVLRQRIWKLVWUDQVFULSW ZDV UHVSHFWLYHO\ REVHUYHG LQ $'& DQG %'& )LJ 

(344)  7KUHH RWKHU JHQHV H[KLELWHG VLPLODU H[SUHVVLRQ SURILOHV LQ &KDUGRQQD\  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  HSR[+ &+, DQG 32; ZHUH RQO\ XS UHJXODWHGLQ%'1RJHQHZLWKVLPLODUH[SUHVVLRQSURILOHVLQ &KDUGRQQD\ DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  ZDVREVHUYHG )RXU JHQHV $8; &&R$207 ,)5/ $15

(345)  VKRZHG GLIIHUHQWLDO H[SUHVVLRQ SDWWHUQ LQ WKH WKUHHFXOWLYDUV )LJ

(346) )RUH[DPSOH,)5/WUDQVFULSWVZHUHGRZQUHJXODWHGLQ%'RIWKHWKUHH FXOWLYDUVDQGLQ$'*VLPLODUWRFRQWUROLQ$'0DQGXSUHJXODWHGLQ$'& )LJ

(347)  . ',6&866,21 &RUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ51$WUDQVFULSWDQGSURWHLQOHYHOV7KHUHVXOWRIT573&5DQDO\VLV VKRZHG SRRU FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WUDQVFULSW DQG WKH SURWHLQ H[SUHVVLRQV RI VHYHQ JHQHV F\V3(52; JO\[5HG *6+K\G 0Q62' HSR[+ &+, DQG $15

(348)  RI WKH VHOHFWHG FDQGLGDWHV 2WKHUVWXGLHVRQJUDSHYLQHKDYHDOUHDG\VKRZQWKHLQGLUHFWFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQP51$OHYHODQG SURWHLQDEXQGDQFH 

(349) 0RUHRYHULQDOPRVWHYHU\RUJDQLVPWKDWKDVEHHQH[DPLQHGWRGDWH VWHDG\VWDWH WUDQVFULSW DEXQGDQFH RQO\ SDUWLDOO\ SUHGLFWV WKH SURWHLQ OHYHO  

(350)  7KLV GDWD  . 18.

(351) GHPRQVWUDWHV D VXEVWDQWLDO UROH IRU UHJXODWRU\ SURFHVVHV RFFXUULQJ DIWHU WKDW P51$ LV V\QWKHVLVHG 7KH FHOOXODU FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI SURWHLQV FRUUHODWH ZLWK WKH DEXQGDQFHV RI WKHLU FRUUHVSRQGLQJP51$VEXWQRWVWURQJO\ RISURWHLQYDULDWLRQFDQEHH[SODLQHGE\P51$V DEXQGDQFH DQG  E\ SRVWWUDQVFULSWLRQDO UHJXODWLRQ

(352)  

(353)  0RUHRYHU WKH P51$V DUH OHVV VWDEOH WKDQ SURWHLQV DYHUDJH KDOIOLIH RI  KRXUV YHUVXV  KRXUV

(354)  7KLV FDQ EH RQH H[SODQDWLRQ RI ZK\ DW WKH W WLPH RI VDPSOLQJ LW LV SRVVLEOH WR REVHUYH QR GLUHFW FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQWKHUHJXODWLRQRIDJLYHQJHQHDQGWKHDEXQGDQFHRIWKHUHODWHGSURWHLQ. . http://doc.rero.ch. 6SHFLILF FKDQJHV LQ SURWHLQ DEXQGDQFH IURP WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG $ QXPEHU RI SURWHLQV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH ³GHIHQVH DQG FHOO UHVFXH´ FDWHJRU\ ZHUH RYHU H[SUHVVHG LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG %'& %'* DQG %'0

(355)  $PRQJ WKHP ZHUH VRPH SDWKRJHQHVLVUHODWHG 35

(356)  SURWHLQV VXFK DV ȕJOXFDQDVHV 35

(357)  WKDXPDWLQOLNH DQG RVPRWLQOLNH 35

(358)  DQG 35 

(359) 7KHȕJOXFDQDVHVDUHDEXQGDQWLQSODQWVDQGSOD\NH\UROHVLQFHOOGLYLVLRQWUDIILFNLQJ RI PDWHULDOV WKURXJK SODVPRGHVPDWD DQG LQ ZLWKVWDQGLQJ DELRWLF VWUHVVHV 7KHVH SURWHLQV DOVR GHIHQG SODQWV DJDLQVW IXQJDO SDWKRJHQV HLWKHU DORQH RU LQ DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK RWKHU DQWLIXQJDO SURWHLQV 

(360)  0HPEHUV RI WKH 35 IDPLO\ DUH DOVR NQRZQ WR DFFXPXODWH WR KLJK OHYHOV LQ UHVSRQVHWRELRWLFVWUHVV 

(361) DQGWRKDYHDQWLIXQJDO 

(362) DQGDQWLRRP\FHWH 

(363) DFWLYLWLHV 1RVSHFLILFSURSHUW\KDVVRIDUEHHQGHVFULEHGIRU35 

(364) EXWWKHLQGXFWLRQRID35JHQH FDOOHG 1W35OLNH

(365)  ZDV GHVFULEHG LQ JUDSHYLQH OHDYHV LQ UHVSRQVH WR ( ODWD LQIHFWLRQ 

(366)  2YHU DFFXPXODWLRQ RI 35 35 DQG 35 ZDV DOVR REVHUYHG LQ WKH EODFN VWUHDNHG ZRRG RI DSRSOHFWLF DQG LQ HVFD SURSHUDIIHFWHG JUDSHYLQHV FY &KDUGRQQD\  

(367)  EHLQJ WKHUHIRUH DVVRFLDWHG WR WKH KLJK UDWH RI LQRFXOXP RI WUXQN GLVHDVH DJHQWV $GGLWLRQDOO\ D SRO\SKHQRO R[LGDVH 332

(368) FKORURSODVWLFLVRIRUPZDVPRUHDEXQGDQWLQWKHEURZQVWULSHGZRRGRIWKHWKUHH FXOWLYDUV332LVZRXQGLQGXFLEOHDQGLVLQYROYHGLQSODQWUHVLVWDQFH 

(369) WKURXJKWKHSURGXFWLRQ RI SK\WRDOH[LQV SKHQROV DQG OLJQLQV  

(370)  2XU UHVXOWV DOVR VKRZHG DQ  . 19.

(371) DFFXPXODWLRQ RI SKHQROLF DQG VRPH VWLOEHQH FRPSRXQGV LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSH IRU WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV,QWKLVZD\WKHXSUHJXODWLRQRI32;REVHUYHGLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU DWERWKSURWHLQ DQG WUDQVFULSW OHYHO VXJJHVWV WKH V\QWKHVLV RI VHYHUDO UHVYHUDWURO ROLJRPHUV LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI K\GURJHQSHUR[LGH 

(372) 5HVYHUDWUROLQDGGLWLRQWRLWVFODVVLFDODQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\DFWVDVD VLJQDOLQJ PROHFXOH E\ WKH DFWLYDWLRQ RI GHIHQVHUHODWHG UHVSRQVHV RQ 9LWLV FHOO DONDOLQLVDWLRQ PLOGHOHYDWLRQRIUHDFWLYHR[\JHQVSHFLHV 526

(373) DQG35DQG35WUDQVFULSWVDFFXPXODWLRQ 

(374) $IDVWHUDQGVWURQJHUDFFXPXODWLRQRIVRPH35SURWHLQVDQGVWLOEHQHFRPSRXQGVZDVDOVR REVHUYHGLQWKHOHDYHVRI9LWLVYLQLIHUDFXOWLYDUVOHVVVXVFHSWLEOHWRHVFDGLVHDVH 

(375) +RZHYHU LQRXUVWXG\WKHVLPXOWDQHRXVORZDEXQGDQFHRIRWKHUSURWHLQVLQYROYHGLQGHIHQVHUHVSRQVHLQ. http://doc.rero.ch. WKHEURZQVWULSHGZRRGRIWZRRUWKUHHFXOWLYDUVZDVDOVRQRWHG,WZDVWKHFDVHRIDQ6$06 VKDUHG E\ DOO FXOWLYDUV DQG D 0/3OLNH  LGHQWLILHG LQ &KDUGRQQD\  DQG 0RXUYqGUH  6LPLODU GHFUHDVLQJ RI 6$06 DEXQGDQFH ZDV REVHUYHG LQ WKH WUXQN ZRRG DQG LQ JUHHQ VWHPV RI HVFD SURSHUDIIHFWHGYLQHV  

(376)  7KH 6$06 SURGXFHV WKH 6DGHQRV\OPHWKLRQLQH 6$0

(377)  OHDGLQJ WRWKHELRV\QWKHVLVRISRO\DPLQHVDQGHWK\OHQH 

(378) NQRZQWREHLQYROYHGLQSODQWGHIHQVH UHVSRQVH,QWKLVZD\LWZDVDOVRVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKH6$06KDYHDUROHLQWKHLQWULQVLFUHVLVWDQFH FDSDELOLW\RIWKH(U\VLSKHQHFDWRUDQG3ODVPRSDUDYLWLFRODUHVLVWDQWJUDSHYLQHFXOWLYDU 5HJHQW

(379)  

(380)  0RUHRYHU PDQ\ VWXGLHV VXJJHVWHG WKH H[LVWHQFH RI FRPSOH[ FURVVWDON EHWZHHQ HWK\OHQH DQG SRO\DPLQHV V\QWKHVLV SDWKZD\V  

(381)  7KXV 1DPEHHVHQ HW DO 

(382)  

(383)  VXJJHVWHG D QHJDWLYH HIIHFW RI LQFUHDVHG SRO\DPLQHV OHYHOV RQ HWK\OHQH V\QWKHVLV DQGRU VLJQDOLQJ ZKLFK OHDGV WR KLJKHU VXVFHSWLELOLW\ RI SODQW WR IXQJDO SDWKRJHQ ,Q JUDSHYLQH WKH SRO\DPLQHV FDWDEROLVPFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHUHVLVWDQFHSODQWVWDWHWKURXJKPRGXODWLRQRILPPXQHUHVSRQVH 

(384)  7KH GHFUHDVH RI WKH 6$06  DEXQGDQFH LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSH VXJJHVWV WKDW SRO\DPLQHV DQGRU HWK\OHQHPHGLDWHGGHIHQVHUHVSRQVHPD\KDYHDUROHLQSUHYHQWLQJV\PSWRPHPHUJHQFH%DVHG RQVLPLODULWLHVLQDPLQRDFLGVHTXHQFHVWKHPDMRUODWH[SURWHLQ 0/3

(385) UHSUHVHQWRQHRIWKHWKUHH GLVWLQFW JURXSV UHODWHG WR WKH 35 IDPLO\ DQG FRQILUP WKH UROH RI 0/3 LQ SDWKRJHQ GHIHQVH UHVSRQVHV. 

(386) . 7KH. 0/3. LGHQWLILHG. LQ. SKORHP. 

(387)  . . 20.

(388) ZDVUHSRUWHGDVGRZQUHJXODWHGLQJUDSHYLQHOHDYHVLQUHVSRQVHWRSK\WRSODVPDLQIHFWLRQ 

(389) $ GLUHFW UROH RI 0/3 RQ WKH IXQJDO DJHQWV RI %RWU\RVSKDHULD GLHEDFN PLJKW WKHUHIRUH EHHQ K\SRWKHVL]HG $ GHFOLQH RI DEXQGDQFH IRU WKUHH HQ]\PHV RI WKH SKHQ\OSURSDQRLG SDWKZD\ ZDV DOVR REVHUYHG DQ ,)5/ VKDUHG LQ WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV D &+, LQ ERWK &KDUGRQQD\  DQG. *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  DQG D GK)UHG LQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  $OWRJHWKHU WKHVH UHVXOWV VXJJHVW WKDW WKH SKHQ\OSURSDQRLG SDWKZD\ ZKLFK OHDGV WR WKH DFFXPXODWLRQ RI VWLOEHQHV ZDV IDYRXUHG ZLWK UHVSHFWWRWKDWOHDGLQJWRIODYRQRLGV,QGHHG9DQQR]]LHWDO 

(390)  

(391) REVHUYHGGLDPHWULFDOO\ RSSRVHG UHJXODWLRQ RI VWLOEHQH V\QWKDVH JHQHV VWLOEHQLF FRPSRXQGV SDWKZD\

(392)  DQG FKDOFRQH. http://doc.rero.ch. V\QWKDVHJHQHV IODYRQRLGSDWKZD\

(393) LQJUDSHYLQHLQUHVSRQVHWRVWUHVV 89&H[SRVLWLRQGRZQ\ PLOGHZ LQRFXODWLRQ

(394)  VXJJHVWLQJ WKDW IORZ RI FDUERQ EHWZHHQ WKHVH WZR FRPSHWLQJ PHWDEROLF SDWKZD\VLVWLJKWO\UHJXODWHG 5HJDUGLQJ SURWHLQV LQYROYHG LQ VWUHVV WROHUDQFH WKH WUHQG ZDV D ORZ DFFXPXODWLRQ LQ WKH EURZQVWULSHGZRRGIRUWKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUV6PDOO+63V VP+63V

(395) SOD\DQLPSRUWDQWFKDSHURQH UROHLQPDLQWDLQLQJFHOOXODUIXQFWLRQVZKHQSODQWVDUHVXEMHFWHGWRDYDULHW\RIVWUHVV 

(396) 7KHLU GLIIHUHQWLDO OHYHO LQ 3LHUFH¶V 'LVHDVH 3'

(397) UHVLVWDQW DQG 3'VXVFHSWLEOH JUDSHYLQH JHQRW\SHV VXSSRUWV WKH LGHD WKDW VP+63V PLJKW EH LPSOLFDWHG LQ UHVLVWDQFH 

(398)  ,Q RXU VWXG\ WKH GRZQ UHJXODWLRQRIVP+63V DWSURWHLQDQGWUDQVFULSWOHYHO

(399) ZKLFKLVLQDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKHILQGLQJLQ EODFN VWUHDNHG ZRRG 

(400)  VXJJHVWV WKDW WKHVH SURWHLQV DUH OLNHO\ UHODWHG WR VRPH FHOOXODU G\VIXQFWLRQV OHDGLQJ WR WKH H[WHUQDO GLVHDVHH[SUHVVLRQ 6LPLODUO\DOO WKH LVRIRUPV RI WKH 62' LGHQWLILHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ ZHUH GRZQ UHJXODWHG LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG 62' LV DQ HQ]\PH NQRZQWRWDNHSDUWLQWKHDQWLR[LGDQWV\VWHP$GGLWLRQDOO\DQHSR[+LGHQWLILHGLQ 0RXUYqGUH  ZDVIRXQGWREHGRZQUHJXODWHGLQ%'07KHVXEVWUDWHVSHFL¿FLW\DQGUHJXODWRU\EHKDYLRXURI WKHSODQWVROXEOHHSR[LGHK\GURODVHVDUJXHIRUDSULPDU\IXQFWLRQRIWKLVHQ]\PHLQKRVWGHIHQVH DQG JURZWK 

(401)  6LQFH VHYHUDO WR[LQV SURGXFHG E\ JUDSHYLQH WUXQN GLVHDVH DJHQWV DUH FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHSUHVHQFHRIHSR[LGHVLQWKHLUFKHPLFDOVWUXFWXUH 

(402) DUROHRIWKLVHQ]\PH  . 21.

(403) LQWKHGHWR[LILFDWLRQSURFHVVRIWKHVHFRPSRXQGVFRXOGEHK\SRWKHVL]HG7KHDEXQGDQFHLQ$'0 FRXOGEHLQWHUSUHWHGDVWKHUHVXOWRIFHOOVLJQDOOLQJIXQFWLRQRIHSR[LGHK\GURODVH 

(404) IURP%'0 WR$'0LQGLFDWLQJDSODQWGHIHQVHUHVSRQVHWRWKHGLVHDVHHPHUJHQFH &RQVLGHULQJ WKH VSHFLILF FDVH RI WKH FXOWLYDU &KDUGRQQD\  GDWD RI WUDQVFULSWRPLF DQG SURWHRPLF VWXGLHV DUH DYDLODEOH IURP GLIIHUHQW RUJDQV RI WUXQN GLVHDVHDIIHFWHG SODQWV OHDYHV 

(405)  

(406)  JUHHQ VWHP 

(407)  WUXQN EODFN VWUHDNHG ZRRG 

(408)  DQG EURZQ VWULSH WKLV VWXG\

(409)  7KHUHIRUH FRQVLGHULQJ DOO WKHVH VWXGLHV LW VHHPV WKDW UHVSRQVH LQ WKH GLIIHUHQW RUJDQV RI WUXQN GLVHDVHDIIHFWHGSODQWVKDYHLQFRPPRQWKHDFWLYDWLRQRIGHIHQFHUHVSRQVHZKLOHWKHDQWLR[LGDQW V\VWHP WKRXJK HYHU LQYROYHG VHHPVWR EH GLIIHUHQWLDOO\ SHUWXUEHG GHSHQGLQJ IURP WKH SURWHLQ. http://doc.rero.ch. VSHFLHVDQGWKHRUJDQ7KHDFWLYDWLRQRIGHIHQFHUHVSRQVHLQZRRG\WLVVXHV WUXQNGLVHDVHDJHQWV IRXQG

(410)  DV ZHOO DV LQ JUHHQ VWHPV DQG OHDYHV WUXQN GLVHDVH DJHQWV QRW IRXQG

(411)  UHLQIRUFHV WKH K\SRWKHVLV RI WKH WUDQVORFDWLRQ RI IXQJDO WR[LF PHWDEROLWHV IURP ZRRG\ WLVVXHV WR WKH IROLDJH WKURXJKWKH[\OHPIORZIRUH[SODLQLQJWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIUHODWHGIROLDUV\PSWRPV 

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

(413) 7ZRHQ]\PHVWDNLQJSDUWLQ WKHFLWUDWHF\FOHQDPHO\DPLWRFKRQGULDOPDODWHGHK\GURJHQDVHDQGDVXFFLQ\O&R$OLJDVHZHUH DOVR LGHQWLILHG 7KH ILUVW FRPPRQ WR WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV ZDV OHVV DEXQGDQW LQ &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(414)  DQG PRUH DEXQGDQW LQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  %'*

(415)  ZKHUHDV WKH VHFRQG RQO\ LGHQWLILHG LQ.  . 22.

(416) *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  ZDV RYHU UHJXODWHG LQ %'* )XUWKHUPRUH D JOXFRVH SKRVSKDWH GHK\GURJHQDVH DQG D JO\[5HG ZKLFK DUH UHVSHFWLYHO\ WKH UDWHOLPLWLQJ VWHS RI WKH R[LGDWLYH SHQWRVH SKRVSKDWH SDWKZD\ DQG DQ HQ]\PH RI WKH JO\R[\ODWH PHWDEROLVP 

(417)  ZHUH OHVV DFFXPXODWHG LQ &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(418)  7KHVH ILQGLQJV SURYLGH WKH LQGLFDWLRQ WKDW D GLIIHUHQW SHUWXUEDWLRQRIWKHJO\FRO\VLVDQGFLWUDWHF\FOHSDWKZD\VSUREDEO\RFFXUUHGLQWKHWKUHHFXOWLYDUV ZLWKDVWURQJLPSDLUPHQWLQ &KDUGRQQD\ DQGDQRYHUUHJXODWLRQLQ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  3URWHLQV GLIIHUHQWLDOO\ DFFXPXODWHG LQ WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV DOVR LQFOXGH PHPEHUV RI WKH DQWLR[LGDQWV\VWHPVXFKDV*67VDQGSHUR[LUHGR[LQV*67VSHUIRUPGLYHUVHFDWDO\WLFDVZHOODV QRQFDWDO\WLF UROHV LQ WKH GHWR[LILFDWLRQ RI [HQRELRWLFV VXFK DV WR[LQV IRU SUHYHQWLQJ R[LGDWLYH. http://doc.rero.ch. GDPDJH 

(419)  7KH WZR LVRIRUPV RI *67) LGHQWLILHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ VKRZHG GLIIHUHQW SURILOHV RI DEXQGDQFH 2QH H[FOXVLYHO\ LGHQWLILHG LQ 0RXUYqGUH  ZDV GRZQ DFFXPXODWHG LQ %'0 ZKLOH WKHRWKHUSUHVHQWLQERWK &KDUGRQQD\ DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU ZDVRYHUDFFXPXODWHGLQ%'&DQG %'* $QRWKHU *67 QDPHO\ D *67 ZDV RYHU H[SUHVVHG LQ WKH EURZQ VWULSHG ZRRG RI ERWK. &KDUGRQQD\  %'&

(420)  DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  %'*

(421)  3HUR[LUHGR[LQV DUH D IDPLO\ RI SHUR[LGDVHV IRXQGLQDOORUJDQLVPVDQGUHSUHVHQWFHQWUDOHOHPHQWVRIWKHDQWLR[LGDQWGHIHQVHV\VWHP 

(422) ,Q WKLV VWXG\ D F\V3(52; FRPPRQ WR WKH WKUHH FXOWLYDUV DQG D SHUR[LUHGR[LQ% IRXQG RQO\ LQ. 0RXUYqGUH ZHUHUHVSHFWLYHO\PRUHDQGOHVVDEXQGDQWLQWKHEURZQVWULSHGZRRG7KHUHIRUHD VOLJKWO\ GLIIHUHQW SHUWXUEDWLRQ RI WKH DQWLR[LGDQW V\VWHP DOWKRXJK UHODWHG RQO\ WR WKH SURWHLQ VSHFLHVZDVREVHUYHGLQ 0RXUYqGUH FRPSDUHGWR &KDUGRQQD\ DQG *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  $PLQR DFLG PHWDEROLVP ZDV DOVR SHUWXUEHG EXW GLIIHUHQW SURWHLQV ZHUH LPSOLFDWHG LQ HDFK FXOWLYDU $ JOXWDPDWH GHFDUER[\ODVH ZKLFK FDWDO\VHV WKH V\QWKHVLV RI JDPPD DPLQREXW\UDWH *$%$

(423) IURPJOXWDPDWH (&

(424) ZDVLGHQWLILHGLQ &KDUGRQQD\  KLJKDEXQGDQFHLQ$'& DQG ORZ DEXQGDQFH LQ %'&

(425)  D JOXWDPLQH V\QWKHWDVH ZDV LGHQWLILHG LQ RQO\ *HZXU]WUDPLQHU  ORZ DEXQGDQFH LQ %'*

(426)  ZKLOH D FKRULVPDWH PXWDVH DQG DQ DUJLQLQRVXFFLQDWH V\QWKDVH UHVSHFWLYHO\ LQYROYHG LQ WKH SKHQ\ODODQLQH DQG W\URVLQH ELRV\QWKHVLV DQG XUHD F\FOH ZHUH LGHQWLILHGLQRQO\ 0RXUYqGUH  KLJKDEXQGDQFHLQ$'0DQG%'0

(427) 7KHRYHUDFFXPXODWLRQRI  . 23.

(428) JOXWDPDWH GHFDUER[\ODVH LQ $'& FRXOG EH OLQNHGWR WKH F\WRVROLF DFLGLILFDWLRQ DQGLQFUHDVH RI F\WRVROLFFDOFLXPZKLFKRIWHQDFFRPSDQ\ELRWLFDQGDELRWLFVWUHVVHV 

(429) 7KHDFFXPXODWLRQ RI *$%$ ZDV REVHUYHG LQ V\PSWRPDWLF OHDYHV RI HVFDDIIHFWHG YLQHV 

(430)  DV ZHOO DV LQ ERWU\WL]HG JUDSH EHUULHV 

(431)  DQG KDV EHHQ UHSRUWHG DV UHVXOWLQJ IURP WKH SODQW UHVSRQVH WR VHYHUDO W\SHV RI VWUHVV 

(432)  DQG UHIHUHQFHV WKHUHLQ

(433)  7KH RYHU DFFXPXODWLRQ RI JOXWDPDWH GHFDUER[\ODVHLQ$'&FRXOGLQGLFDWHWKHLQYROYHPHQWRIWKLVHQ]\PHLQHDUOLHUSODQWUHVSRQVH 2YHUH[SUHVVLRQRIDUJLQLQRVXFFLQDWHV\QWKDVH (&

(434) FRXOGEHOLQNHGWRWKHSURGXFWLRQRI QLWULFR[LGH 

(435) ZKLFKPLJKWEHGLUHFWO\WR[LFWRLQYDGLQJPLFUREHVDIIHFWWKHUHGR[VWDWXVRIWKH FHOODQGWRJHWKHUZLWK526WULJJHUWKHK\SHUVHQVLWLYHUHVSRQVH +5

Références

Documents relatifs

Deux mois plus tard, lors du deuxième contact de la patiente avec cet agent (500 mg deux fois par jour par voie orale), des dysesthésies persistantes ont débuté 90 minutes après

We therefore believe that suicidal psychological pain is not only acute and time-limited in nature, but is also an extreme form of pain, usually exceed- ing the individual

pneumoniaeDPRQJWKHSLJV ZKLFK LV QRWHZRUWK\ FRQVLGHULQJ WKH LQIUHTXHQW

All the variables assessed at study entry (initial damage, disease duration, age at diagnosis, initial health status) and those being derived over the whole study period (the

41 , 42 However, some human exposure to vector mosquitoes occurred outdoors in all sites in the pre- sent study ( Figure 3 ), suggesting that additional vector control measures 43

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des

Malheureusement, cette méthode est limitée aux problèmes linéaires et certains phénomènes dispersifs ainsi que les in-homogénéités horizontales (notamment les interactions

[r]