Do et la forme d'insistance
DO pour METTRE EN RELIEF UN ÉLÉMENT DE LA PHRASE
C'est la forme d'insistance ou forme emphatique
Je renforce le verbe pour renforcer l'idée.
Au présent:
I DO want to be good at English!
Je veux à tout prix devenir bon en anglais!
Au passé:
I DID want to be good at English!
Je voulais vraiment devenir bon en anglais!
À l'impératif:
DO sit down!!
Assied-toi!!
En français, vous traduirez selon le cas par -vraiment!
- Je t'assure!
- C'est vrai!
- Je vous en prie
…
Dans l'exercice suivant, utilisez la forme d'insistance avec l'auxiliaire DO
Questions:
1. Paul has a new girl friend. => Paul ______________________________ a new girl friend.
2. My parents missed their flight. => My parents ______________________________ their flight.
3. My best buddy sings in a choir. => My best buddy ______________________________ in a choir.
4. You got into serious trouble. => You ______________________________ into serious trouble.
5. Have another glass of water! => ______________________________ another glass of water!
6. You knew a lot about pets. => You ______________________________ a lot about pets.
7. Come in! => ! ______________________________
8. She thinks you are wrong. => She ______________________________ you are wrong.
9. Your brother needs a new satchel. => Your brother ______________________________ a new satchel.
10. Sit down! => ______________________________ !
REPONSES:
1) does have 2) did miss 3) does sing 4) did get 5) Do have 6) did know 7) Do come in 8) does think 9) does need 10) Do sit down
L'auxiliaire DO
On utilise l'auxiliaire 'do' pour :
1° les formes interrogatives et négatives des temps simples ( présent, prétérit )
forme affirmative forme interrogative forme négative Présent They like carrots Do they like carrots? They do not like carrots (they don't...) She plays the piano Does she play the piano? She does not play the piano (doesn't)
Prétérit He broke his leg Did he 'break' his leg? He did not break his leg (didn't) a) do et does (3° personne) pour le présent, did pour le prétérit
b) pour les formes contractées la négation est accolée à 'do'
c) le temps est porté par l'auxiliaire, le verbe reste à l'infinitif sans to She sings Does she sing? She doesn't sing
They played Did they play? They didn't play You slept Did you sleep? You didn't sleep
2° l'impératif négatif: on fait précéder l'impératif de don't
Don't open the window! Don't be silly! (ne soit pas stupide)
3° la forme interro-négative:
She doesn't play the piano : la forme interro-négative s'obtient en inversant l'auxiliaire et le sujet
Doesn't she play the piano? ( ne joue -t-elle pas du piano? ) (on pense à une réponse positive)
Doesn't John walk to school? (John ne va-t-il pas à l'école à pied?) Didn't you see the doctor yesterday?
4° la forme emphatique:
permet d'insister sur la réalité de ce que l'on affirme, de contester le bien fondé d'un reproche...
I said I would go and I did go (j'ai dit que j'irais et j'y suis 'vraiment' allé) I do like this cake (j'aime 'beaucoup' ce gâteau)
Do try and understand (essaie 'donc' de comprendre)
5° question tags:
ce sont des reprises interrogatives en fin de phrases qui correspondent à ' n'est-ce-pas ' si la phrase est affirmative le tag est interro-négatif: She is French, isn't she?
si la phrase est négative le tag est interrogatif: She isn't French, is she?
(ici on reprend is verbe de la phrase)
Do s'utilise quand le verbe de la phrase n'est pas un auxiliaire
You play tennis, don't you? You played tennis, didn't you? Mary plays tennis, doesn't she?
You don't play tennis, do you? You didn't play tennis, did you? Mary doesn't play tennis, does she?
6° cas des pronoms interrogatifs:
do s'emploie avec un interrogatif complément, jamais avec un interrogatif sujet Who came with you? (who est sujet, pas d'auxiliaire)
Which of you did the teacher punish?
comparez: Whose car won the race? avec Whose car did you take?
( quelle voiture a gagné la course? ) ( quelle voiture as-tu pris?)
Remarque: le 'verbe do' utilise l' 'auxiliaire do' (c'est un verbe comme les autres)
How do you do?
Did Mary do the dishes? (interrogative) Mary didn't do the dishes (négative)
Mary did do the dishes (emphatique)
Questions:
1. Can you lend me some sugar? I'm sorry I _____________________________ have any sugar left.
2. What time _____________________________ your daughter usually get up?
3. _____________________________ you often go to the cinema in summer?
4. Last Monday Ann _____________________________ go to school because she felt sick.
5. David! _____________________________ play with this knife, it's dangerous!
6. Whom _____________________________ you see at the meeting yesterday?
7. _____________________________ you tell me that Bob was going to marry Sonia? I saw Bob's mother, she says it's wrong.
8. They lost the match, _____________________________ they?
9. This child _____________________________ like cakes, which is very surprising.
10. Don't leave just now, it's 5 o'clock! _____________________________ have a cup of tea.
REPONSES:
1. don't 2. does 3. do 4. didn't 5. don't 6. did 7. didn't 8. didn't 9. doesn't 10. do
