• Aucun résultat trouvé

التغير في الثقافة العمالية في مؤسسـة تريـفيلور (1936-2003). مقاربة أنثروبولوجية للتغير اعتمادا على بعد الذاكرة

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "التغير في الثقافة العمالية في مؤسسـة تريـفيلور (1936-2003). مقاربة أنثروبولوجية للتغير اعتمادا على بعد الذاكرة"

Copied!
22
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

ﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ـ

ﻴﺭﺘ ﺔ ـ

ﺭﻭﻠﻴﻔ

1936 ) 2003 -

(

ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﺒﻭﺭﺜﻨﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ .

ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ

*

א א

**

א א א א א א •

א א

א

، א א

א א ، א א א א

"

א א

"

א א .

א א •

א א א

1

א א א ،

، / / א א א

א א

א א

א א א א

2

"

א

"

א א א א

.

، א ، א ، א

*

، א

.

2004

**

א א א

א א

. -

1968

) א א א א א

1

(

1988

א א

א .

א א א

"

א א א

א ."

א

א א א

א

.

2

"

א

"

:

(2)

א א א א •

א א

3

א

"

א א א

"

.

4

א א

א א א א

א א א א

، א א

، א א א

א א א א א א ، א

،

א א )א א

/ . ( ... / א א א / א א א

א א א א א א

"

א

"

א א

א א

א א א

.

א א א א א א •

א ، א א ، א

א א 1993 א א

א א א א

.

א א א •

א

"

א א א א א א א א

א א א א ، א א

א א

5

א א

א ،

א א א

.

Harbi, M., Le FLN mirage et réalité, Paris, Les éditions J .A., Deuxième édition 1986, p.

14.

Addi, L. M., L’Algérie et la démocratie, Paris, La découverte, 1994, pp. 98 à 108.

3 Bouyacoub, A., dans son ouvrage « la gestion de l’entreprise industrielle publique en Algérie, T1, T2, OPU Alger 1984 » propose une sorte d’histoire organisationnelle de l’entreprise algérienne, une histoire quand on peut comparer à l’histoire politique d’une organisation. Le social et le culturel comme expérience de l’industrialisation n’est pas visibledans les deux tomes.

4 Guerid, D., L’Algérie, l’une et l’autre société, Oran, CRASC, 1996, p. 05.

5

א א א

، א א א א

א א א

.

א א א א

. : א א

(Voir ; El Kenz, A., au fil de la crise, Alger, Bouchene ENAL, 1993).

(3)

א א א א א א •

" :

א א א א א ؟

6

א א א

؟ א א א א א

א א ؟ א א א א א א א

؟"

א א

א א א א א

א א

"

א

"

.

א א •

א א א

7

א א

א

א ،

8

א א א א

א ، א א

א א א א

، א א

א . א א א א

א •

א א

:

א א •

א א א

)א א א א א ( א

א

א א א א א א א

) א א

א א (، א א א א א ، א א

، א א א

:

(Voir : Chentouf, T., Le Maghreb post colonial, communication au 5ème congrès de l’association des historiens africains, Bamako, 14/10/2001.

"

6

א א

"

א א א א

א .

א א א א א

א

Tripier, M., « Culture ouvrière et culture d’entreprise », in Revue sociologie du travail,

:

n° 3/ 86, p. 374.

Thévenot, M., La culture d’entreprise, Paris,PUF, 1993, pp. 45- 47- 52

Verret, M., La culture ouvrière, ACL Edition. St Sébastien 1988, page (9 – 124) ; Hierle, J.P., Pour une approche ethno historique du travail, Paris, L’ Harmattan, 1955, page (124 – 133) ; Hierle, J.P., Relations sociales et cultures d’entreprise, Paris, L’Harmattan, 1995

א א א

7

"

א . "

א א

Candau, J., Mémoire et identité, Paris, PUF, 1996.

:

Galibert, Charlie, « Ethnologie du passé et histoire du présent. Pour une ethnologie du présent historique », in Histoire et Anthropologie, N° 24, 1er semestre 2002 (125- 165).

8 Barbichon, Gay, « L’ethnologie et la problématique des cultures ouvrières », de la page 17 à la 23, in Diniot, J., Dutheil, C., Métamorphoses ouvrières, Paris, 1995, Tome II.

(4)

א

، א

א א

א א א א א א

א א א

.

א א •

א –

א ، א א –

א א א א א

א א . א א א א א

: א א א א

א א א •

، 68

)

، ، א ،

(

، 1997 1983 ) ENTPL1982

1968 ) SNS1967 1936 ) Acilor :

( "א א . א א 1998 א

"

א א

) ( 26

א 6

. SNS

א א א •

− א

"

"

9

א

א א א

א :

. 1

א א

א א ، א

) ( 1962

، א א א א א א

א א

א

א א א א א

א .

. 2

א א

א א א

א א

)

א א

1967 -

( 1969

א א ،

10

א א

א א

א א –

– ، א א א א

א א .( א א ) א א א

א . א א א א א ، א א א א

9 Hierle, J.P., Relations sociales et cultures d’entreprise, Paris, L’Harmattan, année1998.

10 El Kenz, A., Chikhi, S., Guerid, D., SNS Industrie et société 1978 – 1982, p. 88.

(5)

. 3

א א

א א

א א א

. א א א א א

"

א א

"

)

א .( א

א א א א א א

א א

1936

، 2003

א :

. 1

א

א

א א

، א א א א

א א

، א

.

א 1962 א

א א א א א א

א א

.

א א א

א א א א א

.

. 2

א א

)

א א א

SNS

)

1968 -

( 1982 ENTPL

)

1983 -

(، 1997

א (. א א ) " א "

א א א ( 1984 א - 1956 )א א

Laminoir

א

א . א א א

א א

א א

) א ( .

. 3

א א

א א א

א א

א ،

א א א (، א א ) א א

א ،

.

א א

.

א א א

"

א

"

א

".

א א א •

א א א

، א

א ،

א א

א א א . א

א א

א א ،

،

א א

(6)

א א

"

א א

"

א א א

א א א א

.

، א א ، א

א

א א א

"

א א ." א א א

א א א

: א

א

א א

) SNS 1968 -

( 1982

א א א

ENTPL

א א א א

، א א

א א

א א א

א א א ،

11

א א א . א א

:

א א א

، א א . Récit de vie

12

א א א א א

30

27

א 06

א

. ) א א א : א א א א א

04

(

א א ،

א )

( 06

א א א א

) .( 03

1

א :

א א א

13

א א א א •

"

א א

، א

א ، א א

א

"

،

14

א א א א א א א

.

א א

א א א א א א ؟ א

.

א א א

11

"

א ، ، א

1

" 1997

"

א

، א

، 3

" 1997

12 Voir, Bertaux, D., Les récits de vie, Paris, Nathan, 1997.

Candau, J., Mémoire et identité. Paris, PUF, 1996.

Candau, J., Pour une anthropologie de la mémoire, Paris, PUF, 1996.

Halbwachs, M., Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire, Paris, PUF, 1927.

13 Ibrrola, J., « Mémoire ouvrière, Mémoire d’une classe », in Diniot, J. ; Dutheil, C., Métamorphoses ouvrières, Paris, Tome II, 1995, pp. 327- 336).

14 Nora, P., (sous la direction), Les lieux de mémoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1984, page xix.

(7)

SNS .1.1

א

א •

א א א

א א

15

א א

، א

"א ."

א א

א א א

SNS ENTPL

א א

)

− 1995

( 1997

، "א א א א א

"

א

א א א א . א

א א א א ، ، א )

، (...

א א

א

) .( א

א •

א )

48

א 250

( 27

א א א א

) א א א א ( א א א א

"

א

א א א

) SNS

− 1968

( 1982

א א .

16

א

א א

א א א

א א א

SNS Sonatrach

א א א

א .

א

א ، א

"

א

"

) SNS

− 1968

( 1982

א ، א ، א א

א .

א •

א )

( א

. ( ) א א א

א א

א .

א א )

1973

48

15

א א 250

א א א א

1968 . 1982

16 Voir, De Bernis. G.D., « Industries industrialisantes et contenu d’une politique d’intégration régionale », in Economie appliquée, tome XIX, N° 2- 4, 1966

DeBernis, G.D., Deux stratégies d’industrialisation du tiers monde, Tiers monde, 1966, N°47.

(8)

( 56

" :

، א

א א

א א . א א ، א

א ."

א •

א א א א

א א

17

א

א א ،

"

א

"

א א ،

א

א א

א .

א א א •

)

58

( 1970

: א א א ، א א א א א א "

א א א א א

."

א א •

א א א

"א ."

א

א א

א א

א

א א א

، א א א ، א א א א

"

א א א א א א א

".

א •

א

א א

א א

א

18

א א ، א א

א א א

1968

א א א ، 1985

א א א 500

3117

א

א א א

51

1968

.

1982

א . א א א

א א א א א

18

א

SNS

א א

102

)

40.96

(

%

א א א א א

ENTPL

א א

א

102

)

40.96

(

%

א

א א א א

Tréfilor

א א

א

45

)

%18.08

(

(9)

)

א א א

א (

א א ،

א . א •

א א א א

19

א

א א

א .

א א א

א א א א

א א א

، א א ، א א א א

א א א א א א א

)

20

א (. א א

א •

א ( / )א

21

א ، א א

א א א א א

. א א " : א

א

. א א א

....

؟ א א א א

.... א א א

א .

22

" א א א .

א א א א •

א א א א א א

. א א א א

، א א

"

א . א א א

19 Redjem, N., L’entreprise publique algérienne, Alger, OPU, 1987, p. 19.

20 J’ai eu l’occasion de comparer le produit de la mémoire ouvrière actuel (2003) sur la période SNS (1968- 1982) et les représentations des ouvriers sur la même entreprise (mais des représentations enregistrées durant la période 1978- 1982). Comparer le SNS/

Mémoire (représentations des ouvriers Tréfilor2003) au SNS/ Réel (représentations de 1978- 1982) était un choix méthodologique pour repérer les changements entre les deux images sur la SNS.

21 Balandier,G., Le détour, pouvoir et modernité, Paris, Fayard, 1985, p. 222.

22 Strauss, C.L., Anthropologie structurale, Paris, Plon, 1974, p. 231.

(10)

א א • SNS

) 1968 -

( 1982

א

ENTPL

)

1983 -

( 1997 SNS

ENTPL

א א א א א א א א

.

2.1

א א א א א א .

: א

א •

א א א )

א א א (

SNS

א א א

ENTPL

) ؟ (

א •

א

א א א

א

א א א א

23

א א

"

א ."

א א •

) (

א

א א א " א א א א ، א

א

"

א א א

.

":

א

א א א

א א א א א

"

)א א א (. א א

، א א

א א ، א

א .

"

א

"

א א א א א

א א

א א א א

، א א

א א א א

24

. . א א א א

23Voir Bouvier, P., Lecture "socio- anthropologique" du contemporain, in Serge. M. (sous la direction) : Mythes, rites, symboles dans les sociétés contemporaines, Paris, L’Harmattan, 1997, page 26.

Hadjsayd, M., L’industrie algérienne en crise et tentative d’ajustement, Paris, L’Harmattan, 1996, page 18.

24 Djaghloul, A., Les inepties du rattrapage, Journal La voix de l’Oranie, 25/ 01/ 2001.

(11)

1.2.1 .

א א א SNS

א א א א •

א " : א א ، א

א א

"

א א א

"

א א

א ."

א א

א א א א א א א

א א א

25

SNS

. אא

א א ؟ א א

26

א

א א א א •

א ) א א א א א א א א

א

− 1968

( 1982

א א א

א א " א א . א א א

א א

"

א א

א א

. ( א SNS ) א א 19821978 א

: א א "

א

א ،

"

.

27

א א א

א א

א

،

א ". SNS א " א א א

א :

א

א ، א ، א א

א ، . א א ، א א ، א א ، א

א א )

(א 59

א

؟ SNS

:

"א •

א SNS

א

א א ، ، א א

...

، א א א

א

א א ،

א א SNS א א . א א

."

25 Voir le discours des cadres de la SNS recueillait entre la période de 1978 à 1982 dans : El Kenz. A, Chikhi, S. Guerid, D., Op cit, pp. 10-40

26 Candau, J., Mémoire et identité, Paris, PUF, 1998, p. 28

27 El Kenz, Chikhi, S. Guerid, D., Op cit, p. 06.

(12)

א •

א ) א א א (

א א ، SNS א א א ؛ א

SNS /

) א א א

( א

SNS /

) (. א א

.2.2.1

א א SNS

28

אא •

א

א א

، SNS

א א

؟ ؟

א •

א א א א א א א

א /

א א

א

. •

א א א א

א א א

א א א א א א ، א א

א ". "א א א א א א

א א א א א א •

א א

: א א •

un métier

א א א

א

. •

א א א א א

א )

.( א SNS •

. א א •

SNS

א

،

، א א א ، א

،

א א

א א א

א א א א א

. א א א א

א א א א א א א

28

SNS/mémoire

)

( 2003

SNS/ réel

(13)

א א

א 10

. " א " א א א SNS א

، א ،

.

א א א

א א

، 58

א א 1975

א ، 1976 . א א

،

1979

، OPHQ 1982

Contre maître

، א 1985

א

"

א

".

א א א א א

א

א א א א א

א א " SNS א א "א

א

" 1984 Four Martin

29

.

א א א

א א א א

א א א

، א א א א א

א א א

. א א א

א א

.

"

SNS

א

"

א א א א

א ،

א א

.

א א א א •

א א

SNS /

א א א ،

א א

א

30

א א

א . א א

א א א •

א א SNS

א

، א א א א א

29L’installation du nouveau four Martin en 1984 est un moment repère pour la mémoire ouvrière. L’enjeu du « défit » était très grand. Pour les ouvriers recrutés dans la période SNS, il fallaient pour eux de mettre en fonction cette nouvelle technologie pour prouver la réussite de la socialisation à l’ancien Atelier 1956-1983).

30 Voir l’étude de El Kenz et Chikhi et Guerid sur la SNS. Une étude réalisée entre 1978 et 1982.

(14)

א א א א א א א

א א

.

א א א •

א א א

א א א א

א

א ،

א א א

.

א א א א

א א

א .

א א

א

א א . א א א ، א א

א

":

א א א א א

א א א א א א

"

.

31

. 2

א א

"

א

א א א •

א א

א א א SNS ENTPL

א

، א א א

א א

א

א א ،

א א א

. א א א א א א א

א

،

א א א

א

א א

א א

א ، א

א .

)

Candaux

( :

"

א א

، א א ،

32

" ،

א . א א א

א א א א א א •

א א א

א א א

SNS

א א א א א א

א א א א א ، א

،

31 Liabes. D., « L’entreprise entre l’économie politique et société », in El Kenz. A (sous la direction) : L’Algérie et la modernité, Dakar, Codesria, 1989, p. 224.

32 Candaux, Mémoire et identité, Op Cit, p. 49.

(15)

א

א א א א א א א

א א א

، :

א א א א א א •

א א

"

א א

".

א א •

، א א א

א . א א

א •

א א א ،

א

א א

א א א 19971996 ، א א

א א א

א

" 500

א

א א א

א

א א א

א א א

א .

• SNS/mémoire

א

א א א א א א א

א א א

، א א א א א א א

א

א א ،

א א 500

א א

.

Le futur Tréfilor SNS/Mémoire L’incertitude la crise

Temps actuel Temps de référence

(16)

א •

א א ، א א

א א

א א

.

33

א א

א א

Mémoire SNS /

א א :

א א ، א א א

א )

א א

א א א א א ، ( א

א .

1.2

א א א .

"

א א א •

1996

א א 1997

א א

500 20

א .

34

א א א א א א

4

א

، א א

א :

א א •

− א א

1996 .

א א •

א

− א א

1995 .

א •

א

א א א

− א א

1994 .

א א א •

. 1992

א •

א א א

، א א . א א א א

א

، א א א

א

א א א א א ، ( א א )

، א א א א א א א

א א א

א א א

א ،

.

א א

33 Ibid, p. 49.

א א א א

34

470 90.38

א % 30

א

5.76

%

א. 20

(17)

א

א א א א

8 x

א א א 3

א

א א א א

،

א א א א א א

"

א א

. "

א א א •

א

א א . 1995 א א

35

א

א א א

א א א

، א א א א א א א

א

،

א א

א

"

א . א א " א א א " " א א

א א א א א א א א

: •

؟ א א א

א א א •

)

א א

(

؟ ؟ א א א א א •

א א א •

א א " א א א

א א

א

".

א

א א : ( א ) א

א א •

. . א •

א א •

. א א

א

، א א

א א א א

א .

א א

א

SNS ENTPL

"

א א א

.

35 Reumaux, F., La rumeur, message et transmission, Paris, Armand colin, 1998, pp. 16- 27.

(18)

2.2

א א א .

א

א א •

א

− − א א א

Mémoire

/

SNS ENTPL

Mémoire

א .

א

א א א א א

א

א א

א א א

SNS/ Mythe ENTPL / Mythe

.

א א א א •

:

א א א •

.

א א א א א •

א .

א •

.

א •

.

: •

א א א

א

36

"

א א א א

א א

"

.

SNS/Mythe SNS/Mémoire

Sacralisation de la mémoire collective

א א •

א א א

א ، א

א א

א א א

36

א א א א א א

. ، ، א ، א א א

. א א א " " " "א " א א " " "א א

א א א א א א

.

(19)

א

א א א א א א

א א ، א

א א ( א א ) א

א א א

.

א א א א •

א א א

.

1.2.2

א . SNS

א א א •

א א א א ،

א א

SNS ENTPL

א

א . א א א א

א א א •

א ، א א א

א א

.

א • SNS/ Mémoire

א א

א א ،

א א א א א א א

.

SNS/ Mémoire

א :

א א א •

.

א א א •

א א א

. א •

.

א א א •

"

א א

א

א א

"

SNS/ Mémoire SNS/

Mythe

.

א א א א

א SNS

א )א א א ، א

א א ، א א ، א

.( SNS

א •

א SNS

א א א

)א א א א א ( א

א .

א א א א

،

(20)

، א

א א א

.

א . א א א א

א א ، SNS א א ": א

Sonatrach

א א א

א ."

، א •

، א

א א א . א א

א

" : 58

א SNS

، SNS

א ، א א

".

א

א ، א א

א א

א א א א א א א

א א א

. א

א א ،

א

א א

א

"

א . א

א • SNS/ Mythe

א :

א א א •

.

א א א א •

א א א •

א . SNS

א

א א א •

) א (

א א א א . א א א

א א א א א 1988

א א

א א

. א א

א ،

1995 / 1996 /

א 1997

א א א

א ،

(21)

א א

، א א א

א . א א א א ، א

א •

א א א א

א א א

א א א

א א א א

.

"

א א ، א

א א א

، א

،

א א א א

א א

א א

א א ،

א א

.

א א א א א א א •

א SNS א א א א א

א

א א א א

א א ،

א

1995

א 1997

،

א א

א . א א

، א א א

"

א א א א

"

"

א א

"

א א

א

א א

א . א

"

א א א א

"

א

א א א

א ،

א א א א

.

(22)

Références

Documents relatifs

Le symbole donne lieu à un développement mythologique de Platon dans Le Banquet : Aristophane explique le sentiment amoureux par la séparation d’un être androgyne en deux

2.zergame (monia), " il n youra pas de base americane au Darfour " , el watan 08/09/2004.. ايقيرفإ يف طفنلا ىلع يكيرملأا ينيصلا سفانتلا عوضوم ةركذملا هذه

Although the multiscale, 5 km and 500 m correlation length models are characterized by similar ratios, the 50 m correlation length model generates weak attenuation also at

Figure 2 (A) Attenuation and dark-fi eld images and profi les of paper step-wedge measured with a Talbot grating interferometer at a laser- driven compact X-ray source (crosses

The theory put forward by Broca in the second half of the 19th century that the superiority of the right hand had its origin in the left cerebral hemisphere threatened to invert

In both the forward and backward integrations, the only classes from which the likelihood of transfer to short-period orbits is greater than 0.001 are the other cometary classes (E,

رثؤت تامدخلا هذه نوك ، جاتنلإا عفر لجأ نم نافتب لمعلا ىلإ لامعلا ةعومجم وأ لماعلاب عفدت زفاوحك ىلع ري زفاوحلا ن ب ةرادلإا لاجر ضعب كلذ يف ىريو ،ةرشابم ري

Dans le deuxième chapitre, et qui contient la partie théorique, nous avons défini la musique et puis mentionné sa relation avec l'éducation, la définition de la mémoire musicale