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La géothermie au Japon (suite et fin)

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La géothermie au Japon (suite et fin)

VUATAZ, François-David

Abstract

Many geothermal phenomena have been recognized in Japan: thermal Springs and spas, for instance, have been part of the traditional Japanese way of life since Antiquity. These occurrences are related to the important past and present volcanism in the circum-Pacific orogenic belt of which Japan is a part. The geothermal fields occur principally in the upper Tertiary green tuff volcanic formations and in Quaternary volcanic areas. Two distinct types of geothermal systems can be distinguished: the hot-water systems (Otake, Hatchobaru, Onuma) and the vapor-dominated systems (Matsukawa, Onikobe). Integrated geothermal exploration is carried out by several methods. Detailed geological mapping is used to locate favourable geothermal areas such as fault systems, grabens, calderas, depressions filled by Quaternary volcanic formations, hydrothermal alteration patterns, etc. Geochemical sampling of thermal waters and steam provides useful information on the potential underground temperature and can be utilized to predict the depth and capacity of the geothermal field, and to establish drilling sites. Geophysical methods can be [...]

VUATAZ, François-David. La géothermie au Japon (suite et fin). Bulletin technique de la Suisse romande , 1978, vol. 104, no. 24, p. 348-354

DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-73564

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:138486

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

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