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Towards Annotation using DAML+OIL

Sean Bechhofer Carole Goble Information Management Group Department of Computer Science,

University of Manchester, Kilburn Building

Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL

UK

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ABSTRACT

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1. INTRODUCTION

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Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

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2. DAML+OIL: A LANGUAGE FOR THE SEMANTIC WEB

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B-K5,/E*E*,;Z4A2O|_]e}N~€awgm%~’602ª[d,8K5,0E*M 2(,;OM

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35,92E*4AM 2ZMUx®k|a¯n…+†cij35P,cK5,/[C>.10„4A2Gq|_]e}N~awgm~ªM 2(R

35M@AM G 4A,/E8…”B0K*35470@A@IC†_06/6/,/E*E*4A[@A,p35M`02C’Ž%®k|a¯n…+†tRt0/=x0<K5,/

0BB(@74A60<354AM 2T‹´l\’]k2DM 235M @AM GCª472D|_]e}N~awgm~‘602D[d,

h(E*,;W[CF02O0G,/23f35P03s4AEs2M3s|g]g}N~€awgm~‰0/=x0K5,8[(h(3

4AE`®_|e¯n…+†L0/=x0<K5, \ ‚nPhE`|g]g}N~€awgm~T4AEN0ZBdM35,9235470@

.102J0G ,/.8,/23?;-,

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, ,9K*C35P4A2Gp47235Mp35P(,s6/MK5,s@702(G hJ0G , ij.84Iƒ-4A2GLh(BqU,/035h(K5,9E

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|g]g}N~€awgm%~1UMK5.8E0g„,cCsB4A,/6/,xMUJ=nMK5„VE3*K5M2G @ICfK5,/@7035,;f35M

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2.1 Class Definitions

m%2a|_]e}N~awgm~i96/@70E*E);-,9HJ2(4I3547M2E0K5,oB-K5M

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J \]_@I35,9K*R

20354

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<

&

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0@A,/2335M

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0<35M .84A6`6/M 2(6/,/B(35E/iE*h(6cPª0E

&

J MK

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69M 2E3*K:04A23?H@7@A,9K5Ek02J;QE*h(Bd,9K56/@70E*E*,9Eg.ph(E3x[d,a6/@70E*Ek2J0.8,/E/\

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2.2 Property Definitions

? K5MBd,9K*3%CF;-,9HJ2(4I3547M2EaG4

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,/Ee35P,V2J0.8,VMUu35P,pB-K5M Bd,9K*3tCF02;

0@A@7M=?E80;;-4A354AM2J0@oB(K5M Bd,cK*3547,9EpMU?35P(,`E*@AM3p35M>[d,`0E*E*,9K*35,;ji4l\, \

4A2

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, ixEC-.8.8,93*K54A6`MK

Uh2(69354AM 2J0@(B-K5M Bd,9K*354A,/E/\u+@AM35E0@AE*MeUMK5.¨P4A,9K:0K56:P4A,/E/iE*Mg=n,x.10/C

0@AE*M8E*Bd,/6/4IUC`35P,e20.8,/ExMU02C`E*hBd,9K5E*@AM35E/\

m%2Z„ ,/,/B4A2(Gq=?4I35PO®_|a¯n…+(†ci€;-M .10472Z02J;FK:02G,`K5,9E3*K5476c3547M2E

M2ª0FE*@AM3L602ª0@AE*MW[d,QE*Bd,/694AH,;‡io02;D0Ep=?4I35Pª6/@70E*E8;-,/E*69K54AB(R

354AM2E/i;(M.104A2F02J;YK:02(G ,fK5,/E3*K54A69354AM 2Es602W[d,p0K5[(4A3*K:0<K*C>6/@70E*E

,cƒ(B-K5,/E*E*4AM 2(EnE*h6:Pq0E?02(M 2C-.8M hE6/@70E*E?,9ƒ-B-K5,/E*E*4AM 2EoMK?[dMM @A,02

69M .p[(4A2J0354AM2EMUj6/@70E*Eo2J0.8,/E02;p6/@70E*Eu,9ƒ-B(K5,/E*E*4AM2E/i0G04A21,9ƒR

35,92J;(4A2(GV35P,g,9ƒ-B(K5,/E*E*4

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2.3 Reasoning and DAML+OIL

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02J;86/M.8B@A,935,?3:0[@A,0h(ƒ1E*h([E*h.8B-354AM 210@AGMK54I35P.8EoUMK

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|_]e}N~awgm~F602N[d,

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„ ,9C8K5,0E*M24A2G8E*,cK

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4A6/,9Eg0<K5, ¸

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v02J;>|piv¬E*h[(E*h.8,/Eg|pid=?P,/2>35P,VE*,93aMUn4A2J;-4

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;-4 47;(h0@AEx35PJ0<3g0<K5,a4A2E3:02(6/,/E?MUuv_\

(3)

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69@ˆ0E*E*4IHJ60<3547M2W4AEg0`;C-2J0.84A6sB(K5M69,/E*E_=?P(,9K5,V2(,9=69M .8BdMR

E*4I354AM 20@,9ƒ-B(K5,9E*E*47M2Ea602W[d,p0 ;(;(,;N35MQ02F,9ƒ-47E354A2(GqP4A,9K*R

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354AM 2pK5,/@70<3547M2E*P(47B(Eu.10/Cs[d,?;-47E*69M

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6/M 2(E3*K5h69354AM2NBP0E*,8‹˜ ´\

2.4 Layers of DAML+OIL

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U,0<35h(K5,/Ea35P03s6022M3f[d,pK5,0E*M2,;WM

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,9Ks=?4A35PF35PME*,L35PJ03s6/02

[d, \?‚nPhEx35P(,f@A4A.84I35Eg0<K5,s6/@A,0Ke02J;Q,9ƒ-B@A4A6/4I3\k‚nP,s47;(,0L4AE_35P03

U,0<35h(K5,/E8E*h(6cP‰0E8K5h(@7,9E8602ª[d,N4A26/@Ah;(,;ª0E8@70/C,9K5E/io60K5,9Uh@A@IC

B(K5,/E*,cK

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=?4I35PM h-3k,9ƒ-6/@AhJ;(4A2(GVU,/035h(K5,9Ek35P03k0K5,s;-,/E*4IK:0[(@7,\

3. ANNOTATION

mt2`35P(47E?E*,/6c3547M2q=n,gB(K5,/E*,/23x35P(,e[J0E*476s0<K56cP(4I35,/6935h(K5,e02J;`BP(4AR

@AM E*M B(PCq[d,/P(4A2J;1M h(KkB-K5M35M3tC-Bd,a02(2M3:0<354AM 2N35MM @”\

3.1 COHSE

wgh-Ks47235,9K5,9E3V4A2O022(M3:0354AM2OP,9K5,84AEa=?4I35P4A235P,869M 235,9ƒ3sMU

35P,nvxwgya+(zO…voM26/,/B-35hJ0@wgBd,92fykC-Bd,9K5.8,;(470k+-,cK

S

4A6/,†B(K5M<{,/6c3

‹›l\“vxwgye+(z^04A.8E835MZ[(K54A2GW35M G ,c35P,9KQ02’M Bd,/2•PC-Bd,9K5.8,;-470

0K56:P4I35,/6935h-K5,8…”4A2qBJ0<K*354A6/h@70Kk35P,g|e4AE3*K547[(h(35,;Q~4A2„E_+-,cK

S

4A6/,p‹™

MKq|a~€+(†1=?4I35PbM 235M @AM G4A60@fE*,9K

S

4A6/,/EN4A2bMK:;-,9KN35MDB(K5M

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47;(,W02

0K56:P4I35,/6935h-K5,_UMKn35P(,a+-,9.102354A6?X,/[>‹I±<˜<l\ra,9CL35Ms35P,evxwgya+-z

0B(B(K5M06cPq47Ex35P(,s0[4A@A4I3%C`35M802(2M3:035,eK5,/E*Mh(K56/,/E?=?4I35PYE*,/.102354A6

.8,;0<3:0

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35P4AEk.8,93:0 ;(03:0p4AE_35P(,/2Nh(E*,;q35M8@A472(„N;-M6/h.8,/235Ea…”4A2

BJ0<K*354769h@70K`35MOB(K5M

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47;(,>@A472(„EI- 1MUV;(M6/h(.8,/235E:†c\“vxwgye+(z $E

6/h(K*K5,923oB(K5M35M3%C-Bd,_,/.8B@AMC-En0sE*Bd,/6/470@A4AE3k[(K5M=?E*,9K?B@Ah(G 4A2n35P03

0B(B@A4A,/E?@74A2(„-Ex35M8;-M6/h.8,9235E/\

BW35MY2M=ai)Mh(KVB(K5M35M3%C-Bd,/EsP0

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,8hE*,;Z0

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[d,/,/2VhE*,;s35Ma;(,935,cK5.8472(,n602J;(47;(035,x@A4A2„f02(6cP(MKM B(BdMK*35h2(4I3547,9E/i

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E3:0G,g=?P,9K5,_=n,g=?4AE*PQ35MV,/.8B@AMCL35P(,ghE*,gMU€,cƒ(B(@A47694A3?.8,c3:0 ;0<3:0

0E*E*M6/470<35,;W=?4I35PF35P(,p;-M6/h.8,9235E

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02(2M3:0<354AM 2Ep02;35MM @AEp=?P4A6:POU”06947@A4I3:035,QB(K5M;-h69354AM 2DMUk35P(M E*,

02(2M3:0<354AM 2E/\

3.1.1 Linking as Annotation

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[J0E*,;N0B(B(K5M 06:Pid0LE*Bd,96/470@A4AE3e[(K5M=?E*,9Kg0B(B@A4A60354AM2N=?47@A@€.8,cK5G ,

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zƒ-B(@7MK5,9KkPJ0 ,e[d,9,/2N;-, ,/@AM Bd,/;

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5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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