L'or monnayé dans le Nord de la Gaule : recherches sur les monnaies d'or frappées dans le Nord de la Gaule entre le IIIe et 1er siècle avant notre ère

HAL Id: tel-01280436

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01280436

Submitted on 21 Jul 2016

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L’or monnayé dans le Nord de la Gaule : recherches sur les monnaies d’or frappées dans le Nord de la Gaule

entre le IIIe et 1er siècle avant notre ère

Charlotte Sillon

To cite this version:

Charlotte Sillon. L’or monnayé dans le Nord de la Gaule : recherches sur les monnaies d’or frappées dans le Nord de la Gaule entre le IIIe et 1er siècle avant notre ère. Archéologie et Préhistoire.

Université d’Orléans, 2014. Français. �NNT : 2014ORLE1140�. �tel-01280436�

UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS

ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DE L’HOMME ET DE LA SOCIETÉ

Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, Centre Ernest-Babelon UMR 5060, CNRS-Université d’Orléans

THÈSE

Charlotte SILLON

soutenue le : 15 décembre 2014

pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Histoire

L’or monnayé dans le Nord de la Gaule

Recherches sur les monnaies d’or frappées dans le Nord de la Gaule entre le III

et I

siècle avant notre ère

THÈSE dirigée par :

Bernard GRATUZE Directeur de recherches, CNRS, IRAMAT Stephan FICHTL Professeur, Université de Strasbourg

Co-encadrée par :

Sylvia NIETO-PELLETIER Chargée de recherches, CNRS, IRAMAT

RAPPORTEURS :

Colin HASELGROVE Professeur, Université de Leicester

Johan VAN HEESCH Conservateur, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique ____________________________________________________________________

JURY :

Stephan FICHTL Professeur, Université de Strasbourg Bernard GRATUZE Directeur de recherches, CNRS, IRAMAT Colin HASELGROVE Professeur, Université de Leicester

Sylvia NIETO-PELLETIER Chargée de recherches, CNRS, IRAMAT

Patrick PION Maître de conférences, Univ. Paris Ouest Nanterre Simone SCHEERS Professeur émérite, Université de Leuven

Johan VAN HEESCH Conservateur, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique

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AVANTPROPOS...3

REMERCIEMENTS...4

SOMMAIRE...7

INTRODUCTION...11

PARTIEI:METHODOLOGIEETCADREDESRECHERCHES...14

1 HISTORIOGRAPHIE...14

1.1 ^ORIGINESDELANUMISMATIQUECELTIQUE...15

1.2 ^LESETUDESDUXIX^ESIECLE...17

1.3 ^{LEDYNAMISMEDELASECONDEMOITIEDUXXESIECLE}...21

1.4 ^LESMONNAIESDEISSUESDEFOUILLESARCHEOLOGIQUES...26

1.5 ^LESDONNEESISSUESDESANALYSESELEMENTAIRES...28

2 PRESENTATIONDUSUJET...34

2.1 ^«GAULOIS»,«BELGES»,«GERMAINS»,«CELTES»:REFLEXIONSSURLESPEUPLESDUNORDDELAGAULE...34

2.2 ^{USAGESETCULTUREDELORCHEZLESGAULOIS}...40

2.3 ^BREVEHISTOIREMONETAIREDUNORDDELAGAULE...46

3 CORPUSETMETHODE...48

3.1 ^DEFINITIONDUCORPUS...49

3.1.1 ^Critèresdesélection...49

3.1.2 Constitutionducorpusd étudenumismatique...52

3.1.3 Constitutiondel inventairedesprovenances...53

3.1.4 Constitutionducorpusd analyse...54

3.2 ^PRESENTATIONDESMETHODESDETRAVAIL...55

3.2.1 Terminologieduclassementnumismatique...56

3.2.2 ^Étudedumatérielnumismatique...56

3.3 ^{L ANALYSE}ELEMENTAIRE...59

3.3.1 ^Analysesdesurface...60

3.3.2 ^Analysesderéactionsnucléaires...62

3.3.3 ^Analysesséquentielles...62

PARTIEII:ETUDENUMISMATIQUE...64

1 IMITATIONSETPREMIERESAPPROPRIATIONS...65

1.1 ^{LESMONNAIESDELAVALLEEDELASOMME}...66

1.1.1 ^Lesimitationsetpremièresappropriationsd unstatèredeTarente...66

1.1.2 ^LesimitationsetpremièresappropriationsdutypedePhilippeIIdeMacédoine...80

1.2 ^LESMONNAIESDELAVALLEEDELAMOSELLE...94

1.2.1 ^LesimitationsdutypedePhilippeIIdeMacédoine...95

1.2.2 ^Lessériesdequartsdestatèrelourdsdel Est...102

1.2.3 ^LasérieautypedeNéapolis(n°152!n°159)...105

1.3 ^SYNTHESE...109

2 ^LESMONNAIESD ORFRAPPEESDANSLEBELGIUM...114

2.1 ^{LAVALLEEDELASOMME}:UNEIDENTITEMONETAIREFORTE...114

2.1.1 ^Lasérie«auflanlarge»...114

2.1.2 ^Lessériesautype«biface»...130

2.1.3 ^Lasérieautype«uniface»(n°1019!n°1815)...146

2.2 ^{LENORDDUBELGIUM}...154

2.2.1 ^Lessériesdequartsdestatère«aubateau»...154

2.2.2 ^Lesséries«auxlignesentremêlées»...165

2.2.3 Lasérie«aucroissant»(n°2260!n°2317)...175

2.3 ^LESUDDUBELGIUM...179

3 LESMONNAIESFRAPPEESDANSLEBASSINDEL AISNE...189

3.1 ^LESMONNAIESATTRIBUEESAUXSUESSIONES...189

3.1.1 ^Lesstatères«anépigraphes»(n°2431!n°2595)...189

3.1.2 ^Lesmonnaies«autypeCRICIRV»(n°2596!n°2642)...194

3.1.3 ^LesmonnaiesattribuéesauxMeldi:lesstatèresàlalégendeROVECA(n°2643!n°2646)...198

3.2 ^LESMONNAIESATTRIBUEESAUXREMI...201

3.2.1 ^Lesstatères«àl "il»(n°2647!n°2938)...202

3.2.2 LesmonnaiesauxlégendesVOCARANTetLVCOTIOS(n°2939!n°2976;n°2977!n°3017)..207

3.2.3 ^Lesquartsdestatère«auxsegmentsdecercle»(n°3018!n°3343)...211

4 LESMONNAIESFRAPPEESDANSLABASSEVALLEEDURHIN...227

4.1 ^LESMONNAIESATTRIBUEESAUXNERVII:LASERIEA«^LEPSILON»(N°3344!N°3868)...227

4.2 ^{LESMONNAIESATTRIBUEESAUXEBURONES}:LESSTATERES«^AUTRISKELE(N°3869!N°4103)...233

5 ^LESMONNAIESD ORFRAPPEESDANSLAHAUTEVALLEEDURHINETBASSEVALLEEDELAMOSELLE237 5.1 ^{LESPETITESSERIESDELAHAUTEVALLEEDURHIN}...237

5.1.1 ^LasériedeTarquimpol(n°4104!n°4137)...237

5.1.2 ^Lasérie«auPégase»(n°4138!n°4358)...242

5.1.3 ^LasériedetypeHaltinne(n°4359!n°4378)...247

5.1.4 ^Lasérie«autriskèle»(n°4380!n°4388)...251

5.1.5 ^LasérieautypedeRédange(n°4389!n°4394)...254

5.2 ^LESMONNAIESATTRIBUEESAUXTREVIRI...256

5.2.1 ^Lesséries«auxtypesarmoricains»...256

5.2.2 ^Lesmonnaiesdutype«àl "il»...275

6 ^LESMONNAIESD ORFRAPPEESENTRELERHIN,LAMOSELLEETLAMEUSE:LETERRITOIREATTRIBUE AUXLEUCIETAUXMEDIOMATRICI...288

6.1 ^LESSERIES«^AUCHEVALALATETERETOURNEE»...288

6.1.1 ^Lasérie«àlapalme»(n°4720!n°4807)...288

6.1.2 ^Lesmonnaies«àlalyre»(n°4808!n°4873)...293

6.2 ^LESSERIES«ALATETEJANIFORME»...297

6.2.1 ^Lasérieàla«têtejaniforme»(n°4874!n°4926)...297

6.2.2 ^LasérieautypedeMorville(n°4933!n°4958)...303

6.2.3 ^LesstatèresautypedeBoviolles(n°4927!n°4932)...308

PARTIEIII:ETUDEHISTORIQUEETARCHEOLOGIQUE...311

1 CHRONOLOGIEABSOLUEETRELATIVEDESMONNAYAGESD ORDUNORDDELAGAULE...311

1.1 ^PERIODE1:ORIGINES,FOYERSETAPPROPRIATIONSAUIII^ESIECLE...312

1.1.1 ^Lesprototypesgrecs...312

1.1.2 ^Lesdonnéesarchéologiques...316

1.1.3 ^Réflexionssurlacirculationmonétairedesémissionsprécoces...318

1.2 ^PERIODE2:LEXTENSIONDESPRATIQUESMONETAIRESAUTOURDESFOYERSINITIAUXDURANTLAPREMIEREMOITIEDUII^E SIECLE320 1.2.1 ^Élémentsdedatation...320

1.2.2 ^Réflexionsurlacirculationmonétaireàlapériode2...326

1.3 ^PERIODE3ET4:LADIFFUSIONDESUSAGESMONETAIRESAPARTIRDELASECONDEMOITIEDUII^ESIECLE...327

1.3.1 Chronologieréactualiséepourlesmonnaies«autypebelge»...328

1.3.2 ^Réflexionsurlacirculationmonétaireauxpériodes3et4...334

2 ^POUVOIRSEMETTEURSETPOLITIQUESMONETAIRES...339

2.1 ^IDENTIFICATIONDESPOUVOIRSEMETTEURS...340

2.2 ^POLITIQUESMONETAIRES...347

2.2.1 ^Réflexionsurl évolutiondelacompositionetducontrôledel alliagemonétaire...347

2.2.2 ^Laquestiondel approvisionnementetdelagestiondesstocksmétalliques...359

2.2.3 Compositionélémentaireetliaisonsdecoin...370

3 USAGESETCIRCULATIONSDEL ORMONNAYE...377

3.1 ^{L USAGE}DESPREMIERESMONNAIESDOR...377

3.2 ^{LESUSAGESDELORMONNAYEETLESMUTATIONS}ECONOMIQUESETPOLITIQUESDESII^EETI^ERSIECLESAVANTNOTREERE 387 3.3 ^{MONNAIES,BIJOUX,DEPOTS}...399

3.3.1 ^ÉtudedesdépôtsmonétairesdansleNorddelaGaule...399

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CONCLUSIONGENERALE...414

BIBLIOGRAPHIE...419

TABLEDESILLUSTRATIONS...438

ANNEXE1:INVENTAIREDESDEPOTS...450

ANNEXE2:INVENTAIREDESSITESARCHEOLOGIQUES...469

ANNEXE3:RECAPITULATIFDESANALYSES...470

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