VII
ﻓ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬ
ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ
ﻡﻗﺭ
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ
01
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻐﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ .
32
02
ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﻨ .
42
03
ﺕﺎﺠﻭﺴﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﻨ .
43
04
ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺠ .
8 2
05
لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ - 1996
. 2002
150
06
ﻡﺠﺤ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻠﺴﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ
- 2000 2010
151
07
ﻯﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
. 2006
153
08
ﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺼﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴ
) ﻥﻁﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻠﺠﻝﺍ (
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ .
159
09
لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ - 2000
. 2005
160
10
ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ لﺜﻤﻴ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ
ﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘ ﺔﻨﺴ . 1997
178
11
لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻻﺍ ﺯﺠﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺭﺸﺅﻤ
ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﺔﻨﺴ . 1997
178
12
ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﻡﻫﺃ - 2006
2010
180
13
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ
لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴﻨﻭ - 2000
. 2007
180
14
ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴﻨﻭ لﻼﺨ
ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ - 2002
. 2010
182
15
ﻭﺭﻭﻴ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﺒ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ .
183
ﺃ 16
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺯﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ لﻭﺨﺩ ﺭﺎﻌﺴ .
184
17
ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺤﻝ ا ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺭﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﻊﺒﺴﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
. 2010
184
ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ 18
- 2006 . 2010
186
19
ﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻡﺠﺤ .
ﻡ . ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﻼﺨ ﺃ - 2003
2006
186
20
لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻜ ﻲﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺴﺨﻝﺍ - 2000
2004
189
21
ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﻡﺠﺤ 2010
190
22
ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ - 1973
. 2015
192
ﻙ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺩﺘ 23
)
٪ ( ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ - 2000
. 2010
203
IX
لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ
ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ
01
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ
29
02
ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
48
03
ﻲﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ
52
04
ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺹﻴﻠﻘﺘ
60
05
لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ
62
06
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻝ ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ
63
07
ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝ ا ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
68
08
ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ GDP
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ
- 2000 2010
152
09
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ
167
10
ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ . 2005
180
11
ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ 2010
188
12
لﺩﻌﻤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ
- 1980 2000
199
13
ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ .
202
14
ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ
209
ﺍﺍﺍﺍ ﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹ ﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹ ﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹ ﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺ
ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺ
ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ــ
ــ ــ ــ ﻳﺩﺎ ﻳﺩﺎ ﻳﺩﺎ ﻳﺩﺎ ﺔﺔﺔﺔ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔــ
ﺔــ ﺔــ ﺔــ
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ :
.
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ :
.
ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ .
ﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺼﻔ ﺼﻔ ﺼﻔ ﺼﻔ ـــ ـــ ـــ ـــ ﻞﻞﻞﻞ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ::::
8
ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ :
ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻼﺌﺎﻫ
ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻼﻓ ؛ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﺎﻬﺤﻨﻤﺘ ؛ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ ﻲﻨﺒﺘﻝ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﻭﻤ ﻊﻤ ل
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ
. لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻁﻤﻨ لﺜﻤﻴ
ﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ
ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻝ ؛
،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ
ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ
ﻜﻤ لﺘﺤﻴ ،ﻪﺠﺫﺎﻤﻨﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺼ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ل ﺔﻨﺎ
ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ
ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻱ
. ﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ
ﻫﺎﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴ
: ،ﻪﺴﺴﺃ ،ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﻤ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ،ﻪﻌﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﺎﻘﻴﻌ
. ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼ
،ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﻘﻨﻭ
ﺓﺭﺴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ
.
9
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﺔ ﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔ .
ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺯﻝﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﺄﺘﻭ ﺩﻘﻌﺘ ﻥﺇ
ﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ؛ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡ
لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻜ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﺩﻬﺘ ﻑ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ؛ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻠﺒ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻯﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻨﺒ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ
ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺍﻭﺩ ،ﺎﻬﺴﺴﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﺙﻼﺜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ .
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .
ﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻨ ﺏﻠﻁ
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ .
لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
.
ﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺘ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻝ
ﺭﻁﻴﺴ ﺢﺠﺭﺄﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻼﺘـﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﺭـﺒﻋ ﺓ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ .
ﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
"
ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻕﻴﻴﻀﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺎﺒ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝ
ﺔـﻝﺍﺯﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘـﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ
ﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ لـﻜ ﻡﻝﺎـﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ لﻘﻨ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﺍ
) 1
،
(لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻠﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ
ﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺔﻌﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻪﻨﻋ لﺍﺯﻌﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ
ﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﺭﻜﺫـﻨ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴ
ﺎـﻤ
)
ﻲﻠﻴ
2
:
(ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ -1 .
-1
،ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺍﺭﻜﺇ "
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ –
ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ
"
،ﻲﻝﻭﺒﺩﻤ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ
ﺹ ،2002 : .169
-2
،ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺎﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
"
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
"
ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻌﺴ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،
، ﺹ ،1998 : .46
10
لﺜﻤﺃ ﺎﺼﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﺼﻴﺼﺨﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ -2 .
ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ -3 .
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺨﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﻸﻝ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻓﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ -4 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ -5 ﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ
ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ .
ﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻪﺘﻤﻋﺯﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺﻝ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻ ﺓﺭﻭﺎـﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻰـﻝﺇ
ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ .
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻊﺠﺸ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻕﻁﺎـﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤ
ﻥـﻋ ﻼﺜـﻤ ﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ
"
ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻵﺍ
"
ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻴﺴﻸﻝ
ﺎ
)
ﻥ
1
.
(ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ -
ﻴ - ﺭﺒﺘﻌ ﺴﻤ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﺎﺜﺩﺤﺘ
ﻌﻠﻝ ﺭـﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻭ
ـﻤﻝ ﺩـﻘﻓ ،ﺔ
ﺓﺩـﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡـﻤﻷﺍ ﻥـﻤ لﻜ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺﻝ ﺓﺭﻜﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻏﺯﺒ ﺍ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼﻭ ﻜ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﻭ ،ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻕﻭـﺴﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎـﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ
) 2
،
(ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻜﺘ
ﺩﻴﻌﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ
، ﻲﻝﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ
،
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜﻭ .
-1
،ﺏﻭﺩﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﺴﺃ
"
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ
"
ﻁ ،
، 2
،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺹ ،2001
: .50
-2
،ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻌﻝﺍ لﺍﺯﻨ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ "
ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ
"
ﻁ ، ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1 ﺹ ،1999
: .07
11
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .
ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ "
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ
ﻴﻗ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩ
"
ـﻝ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻤﻌﻨﺴ ﺍﺫﻝ ،
"
لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ "
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇﻭ "
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ "
ﻡﺜ
"
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ "
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ .
- 1 ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻪﻝ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻨ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻰﺘﺤ .
ﺃ - ﻐﻝ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﺼﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ : "
لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ "
ﻭﻫ "
لﻤﻜ "
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ ﺡﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
) 1
:
(- ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﺙﻼﺜ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ :
لﺎﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻭ ،لﻤﻜ ،لﻤﻜ ،لﻤﻜ :
ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻹﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ لﺎﻤﻜﻹﺍﻭ لﻴﻤﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ .
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻭ "
لﻤﺎﻜﺘ "
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺴﺎﻤﺨ لﻌﻓ "
لﻋﺎﻔﺘ "
ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﺏﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ
ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ .
ﻯﺭﻴ
"
ﻲﻨﻴﻭﺯﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ " :"
ﺔﻝﻭﻤﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻀﺘﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻭ ﻡﺯﻼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﻴ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻪﻠﻌﻔﺒ "
) 2
.
(ﺏ - لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ :
" : ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ )
،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ
،لﻭﺩ ،ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ،ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﺃ
...
ﺦﻝﺍ ( ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ
ﻲﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ
ﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺘﺘﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﺴﺘﻴ ﻭﺤ
-1
،لﻻﺩ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ "
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ
"
ﺩﻭﻘﻨ ﻉﺭﻓ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ، ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻭ
،ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺭﻀﻴﺨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ -2005
ﺹ ،2006 : .3
-2
،ﻲﻨﻴﻭﺯﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ "
ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
"
،ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻝ ،ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ، ﺹ ،2004
: .36
12
ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻓﺩﺘ لﻜﺸ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ :
ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ
"
) 1
.
(ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭ "
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ،ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ؛
ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ
"
) 2
.
(ﻭ ﻝﺎﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ
ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﺃﻭ لﻭﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ،ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤ .
ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇﻭ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺘﻭ .
- 2 ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ :
ﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﺎﻤﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺃﺭ
:
ﺃ - ﻲﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 3
:
(ﺍﺭﻤ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﺤ
ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺯﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﻴﺈﺒ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺈﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ )
،لﻭﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ....
ﺦﻝﺍ ( ﻑﺭﻁ لﻜ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﺘ
ﻩﺭﻴﺭﻜﺘﻝ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤ ﺞﻤﺩﻨﺘ ﻥﺄﻜ ؛ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﺒ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ لﻭﺩ ﻊﻤ ﻱﻭﻗ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ لﻭﺩ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻴﺴﺃﺭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴ
ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨ .
ﻲﻓﻭ ﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ﻲﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﻴ
) 4
:
(- √ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻭﻫﻭ .
- √ لﻔﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻘﺤﻼﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻭﻫﻭ .
ﺏ - ﻲﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 5
:
(ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ
لﻭﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ،ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻝ ...
ﻲﻓ ﺦﻝﺍ
،ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﻊﺴﻭﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺞﻤﺩ ﻭﺃ
ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺼﺤﻴ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ .
-1
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ :
.32
-2
،ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﺍﺩ
"
ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﺔﻴﻝﺂﻜ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ،
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ –
ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ :
-8 ﻱﺎﻤ9 ﺹ ،2004 : .2
-3
،ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺭﺍﺩﻏﺯ "
ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻜ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﻝﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،
"
ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،
،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ -2004
ﺹ ،2005 : .100
-4
،ﻥﻴﺴﺎﻴ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ ﺩﻌﺴ "
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
"
،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺯﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ
ﺹ ،2010 : -115 .116
-5
،ﻙﻨﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨ ﻡﺸﺎﻫ "
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ
"
،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ،
http://ency.reefnet.gov.sy ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ
: /20 /03 ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،2011 11:37
.
13
- 3 ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ :
ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻕﻭﻓﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ :
ﺃ - ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻴﻭ :
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ :
- √ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
) 1
:
(ﺩﻗ ،ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺱﻤﻴ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺎﻜﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ...
،ﻑﺍﺭﻁﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀﻭ ،
ﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ،ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻨ
ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺝﻭﺘ .
- √ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ
:
2لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻥﺇ
ﺓﺩﺤ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻲﻌﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﺘ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﺍﻭﺤﺘﺴﻼﻝ ،ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ .
ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﻼﻓﺈﺒ ،ﺩﺩﻬﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻀﺘ ،ﺭﻴﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝﻭ ،ﻑﻌﻀﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺱ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﺎﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻪﻨﻤ . ﺴﻴ ﻑﻝﺎﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺘ ،ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻝﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺢﻤ
ﺔﻠﺘﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻴﻘﺒ ﻭﻝ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ،ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ .
ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ .
- √ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 3
:
(ﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻭ ﻉﻭﺭﻔﻝ
ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ .
ﺏ - ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻕﻭﻓﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﻴﻭ :
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ :
- √ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 4
:
(ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ لﺜﻤﻴﻭ
لﺜﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺫﺨﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﺘﻴﻭ :
ﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻎﻨﻴﺩﻝﻭﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺕﻼﺘﺭﺎﻜﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺴﻭ .
-1
،ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺭﺍﺩﻏﺯ "
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ :
،100 .101
-2
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ :
-113 .114
-3
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻭﺯﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ :
.58
-4
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ :
.61
14
- √ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 1
:
(ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝ ﻼﻤﺎﺸ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ
ﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ .
- √ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﻷﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
) 2
:
(لﻤﺸﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ
ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ .
ﺝ - ﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝ
) 3
:
(ﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﺃﻭ لﻭﺩ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺓ.
- 2 ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ .
ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ":
ﻲﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ
".
) 4
ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴﻭ
(ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
"
لﺍﺩﺭﻴﻤ ﺭﺎﻨﻭﻏ
"
ﻪﻨﺃ " : لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺒﻻ
ﺔﻠﻜﱠﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﻊﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺎﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ
ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺴﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻼﻝ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ
".
) 5
،
(ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻭ
":
ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﻡﻀﺘ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ لﻼﺤﺇ
ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻓ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻕﺒﻁﺘﻝ ،ﻕﻴﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ لﺤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻌﺘ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
".
) 6
ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭ ،
(":
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ
ﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ،ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﻊﻤ ﺎ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ
"
) 7
.
(ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ "
ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ لﻜﺸ ﺓﺫﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
".
) 8
ﺎﻤﺃ
(ﻱﺭﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
"
ﺎﺴﻼﺒ ﻼﻴﺒ "
ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴﻓ ":
ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ
-1
،ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ،ﻑﺼﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﻁﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺇ "
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ
"
،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺹ ،2007
: .255
-2
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻭﺯﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ :
.62
-3
ﻨ ﺔﻴﻁﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺇ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ،ﻑﺼﺎ
: .253
-4
،ﺔﻴﻜﺠﺍﻭﺨ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ "
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ
"
،ﺏﻠﺤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤ ، ﺹ ،1972
: 30
-5
،ﺩﻌﺴﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺤﻤ "
ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻫﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ
"
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺭﺸﻨ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﻉﺎﻌﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، :
،44 .45
-6
،ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻌﺴﺃ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ "
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ
"
ﻁ ، ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،3
ﺹ ،1968 : .193
-7
،ﻲﺤﺍﺩﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ "
ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ
"
،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ، ﺹ ،2009
: .201
-8
،ﺓﺯﻴﺎﻓ ﻲﺸﺎﻗ
"
لﻘﻨﺘ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ
"
،ﻥﺍﺭﻫﻭ ،ﺏﻴﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ، ﺹ ،2007
: .194
15
ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ
".
) 1
ﻯﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ
(ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺒﻭﻨ ﺓﺯﺌﺎﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﺌﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ
" 1969 ﻥﺎﺠ ﺘﻨ ﻥﺠﺭﺒ
"
ﻪﻨﺃ ":
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻭﺯﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻜﺸﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ
".
) 2
(
ﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺒﺘﻴ ﻲ
ﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺕ
ﺙﻴﺤ ؛ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ :
- √ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺔﻗﺎﻋﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ
لﺜﻤ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ :
،ﺹﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ...
ﺦﻝﺇ .
- √ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺘ
ﺏﻴﺭﻘﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ .
- √ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ ﻊﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺴﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
.
ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﻴ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻘﻔﺘﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨﻭ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﻨ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺎﺒ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ )
ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝ
( ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻭ ؛
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺏﺎﻴﺴﻨﻻ ﺔﻘﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻠﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﻬﻠﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺎ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ .
ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ
) 3
:
(ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ
ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻪﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﻠﺴ
-1
،ﺔﻴﻗﺭ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﺤ ،ﺢﺒﺍﺭ ﻲﻨﻭﺨ
"
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺇ
"
،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍ ،
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ –
ﺭﻤ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠ
: .01
-2
ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ .
-3
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺓﺯﻴﺎﻓ ﻲﺸﺎﻗ :
.22
16
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅﻭ .
ﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴﻓ ﻲﻝﻭﺩ
) 1
:
(ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺤﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌﻠﺴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ
ﻪﺘﻝﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻡﺜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻨﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﻲﺒﺴﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻌﻠﺴﺒ .
ﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﻠ :
ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻭ ﺱﺴﺃ ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝ .
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺍﻭﺩﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺠ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ
ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺌﺎﻋﺩ ﺀﺎﺴﺭﻹ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ .
لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﺃ .
ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻲﻫ
:
- 1 ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ
) 2
:
(ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺈﺒ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ؛ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺠﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺹﻴﺨﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻭ ﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﻓﺩﺘﺘ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷ
.
- 2 ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ
) 3
:
(ﻥﻭﺩ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺄﻴ
ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇﻭ ﺭﻭﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ،لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ
لﻭﺩ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜ ﻡﺩﻋ لﻜﺸﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺯﻤﻭ ﺍﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻋ .
- 3 لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ
) 4
:
(ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻱﺃ
ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ .
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻭ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ
ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺓﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝ ﻼﻴﻬﺴﺘ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺩﺎﺒﻤ لﻴﻬﺴﺘ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻻ
. ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ
-1
،ﺩﻭﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻜﺴ "
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝ لﺨﺩﻤ
"
،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺹ ،2009
: .32
-2
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻱﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ :
.2
-3
،ﺭﻔﻏ ﻡﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ "
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
"
، ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺹ ،1999
: -226 .227
-4
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻱﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ :
.2
17
ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﻴﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺔﺤﺎﺒﺇﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ .
ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ
ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻜ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻ لﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺄﻔﻜﺃ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ
لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﺃ )
ﺕﺎﺸﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ .(
- 4 ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ
) 1
:
(ﺘﺤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ
لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﻻ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ .
ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ .
ﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺄﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺓﻭﻁﺨ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ لﺤﻤ لﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ .
ﺎﻬﻝﻭ ﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﻊﻓﺍ
:
- 1 ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻤﺸﺘﻭ :
:
ﺃ - ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍ
) 2
:
(ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ .
ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻓﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ لﻐﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍ .
ﺏ - ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ
) 3
:
(ﻲﻓ ﻪﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻪﻌﻴﺒ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﻬﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻪﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺩﺠﻨﻓ ؛ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ لﻌﺠ "
ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺤﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ "
ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ
ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺏﻠﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺤﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻌﻠﺴ لﻭﺍﺩﺘﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﺒ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﻕﻭﺴ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝ ﺓ
-1
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﺇ
، "
ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ
"
ﻁ ، ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ،2
ﺹ ﺹ ،1981 : -49 .56
-2
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ :
-11 .12
-3
،ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺵﻴﺒﺩ ،ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻜﻭﺒ "
ﻲﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ
"،
ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻥﻭﺩﻠﺨ ﻥﺒ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩ
ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ : ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ،4 ﺹ ،2004
: . 83
18
ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺎﻓ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ لﻀﻓﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ .
ﺝ - ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ
) 1
:
(ﻋ ﺯﻔﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﺏﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻕﻭﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﻰﻠ
ﻕﻭﺴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﻹﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﺘ ﻻ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
ﺩ - ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ
) 2
:
(لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻓ ؛ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻪﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻙﺭﺤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ
لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻊﻠﺴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋ لﻴﻐﺸﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻠﻝ .
ـﻫ - ﻗ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎ
) 3
:
(ﻭﻤﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﻕﻴﻀﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ؛ﺎﻫﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﺘﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻨﺼﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻗﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻋﺎ
. ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺩﺎﺠﻴﻹ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﺨﻀ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺴ .
ﻭ - ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ
) 4
:
(ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺢﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ
ﺘﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﺨﻀ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻠﺴ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺠ
-1
،ﻑﻠﺨ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺢﻴﻠﻓ "
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ
"
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ، ﺹ ،2001
: .182
-2
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻲﺤﺍﺩﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﺸﻫ :
.214
-3
ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻑﻠﺨ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺢﻴﻠﻓ :
.183
-4
،ﻲﺘﻴﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺎﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺀﺎﻔﻴﻫ
"
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ
"
،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺩﻤﺎﺤ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺹ ﺹ ،2010
: -460
.461
