• Aucun résultat trouvé

imagibilité L’ &#34

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "imagibilité L’ &#34"

Copied!
30
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

- I - I 1

- I 1 - 1 2-1- I 3-1- I 4-1- I boulvard

5-1- I 6-1- I 2- I 1-2- I

! "

"

La Perception

"

2-2- I "

imagibilité L

"

II $ % -

1-II

& '" ( )*

>>

, - . / AGORA

<<

2-II

(

>>

Le Forum

<<

3-II 1 2 ( & ) *

3-II 3 4 1-

3 Sienne

- Del compo

4-II )*

1-4-II 4 5 &

5 3 - 3

5-II ( & 3

. 63

)

! 3 (

1-5-II 9

2 "

2-5-II 4$

: 2 & ;

3-5-II 4

< $ "

(2)

4-5-II

5 23 5 &

6-II )*

. =

1-6-II

> 2 2%

2-6-II ( &=

3-6-II

? 3 2 Utopists

7-II ( <

)

( ( & ( -@2

(

1-7-II

;

2-7-II ) =

) 3 $ (

3-7-II A =

4-7-II 63

5-7-II 5 %

)

? 4

(

@%

(3)

:

!

"#$% " &' () * ( % :

+," -. / " 01( " 2

3"

.

- I :

- I : 1

." & ." * 5 % 6 " .( " %

$" $ 7 ! & "

,2 * . 6 " ."

( *

.

- I 1 - : 1

. " 8 Bertrand

#

"6 1 2 6)

9 -. .:

("

";

< . 6 " " 9 "

* =>( "?. " @ >, <6 6 " 6 & -)

.( !1 , " A B

"$"

"A -

)

%)2

&

&C . D 2 .

- ...

." &

<" )#

"5 E%

<.F

"% " B G 5H

". .:

6) -

!1 ,

< ).

&

# . (1

"".

" 5

*>

*>,

" :

?.

.I

"?. " E

* $" % + ,)2 J

6 "

(5 6) ."

% . . ) Bertrand,1978 (

2-1- I :

-.

K"

B(

& " * J B " ( ,# B &

# < .F <. (5 %

#

+ ,

( >

( .

) Le Grand dictionnaire Larousse,1987 (

"# ( * *. 6

+ , ( 7> 2 -. "; $%

*N ( >

, - &

."( * 5 6

O )

&

*

&

* E

&

P .

& ";

* , 6

A (

&

0A

%

"

B &

&

D( " -5

". (

"

( % "

*R ).

6

B . *

&

$6

%

"

&

%

* $"

(4)

( ...

&

J #

( *

( 6 #

" %N SA ) 6

& B N 6 - &

"

&

6 .N &

? . (Pierre et Choay,1986,p295)

8 B

-1 ) Sablet

- ( * # (

% 2

6 * ( "61

# ,

( N %

J" % ( = &

01 T1 * 5

#

E ) Sablet,1988,p13 .(

" * ( B

( *

& " * / 1 , # * ,# 6 &

"% , * ...

'. % )" J -5 ' .# N -A "$"5

"

(

U 7

< " - .

&

- ' . %

" ).# * =>( !1 , ("

" %N ,

-5 ."

.

3-1- I :

( * 6)# #

&

$ ' * 1 , "

N ( &

B15

-.6 5 < .F !

("

U 5 9

.( !1 , <" . % T1 J

" ( '. % *

."

< -5 !1 ," &

0"

<. 6 6"

2 " N

." 0B " * % 5

%" <1(% &

"

" %N

52 " V" (

"

..

. 0> . <.

? 1 -

O$

6 "5

".

- 5 T1

5 & 0"

O ) 0 " 0"

"...

) Mangin et Panerai ,1999,p57 .(

O )

- % .

"

<6

" . % :

A "$"

- -

< . " 2 &

0" <.# T1 O$ "

-. # $ . % <" . % T1 , " = &

? . *

#

";

? .

&

( 6"

B" # 5 &

. E1E 6 T1 ("

T -.

&

6

". ( ? ! ) 6 S "

." 1 " ( &

T1% "5 O )1 - '. % #

" # . <. 6

$2 . " * 5 B/ 6

S K"

6)# !1 ,

"

" %N (Pierre et Choay,1986,p594)

.

4-1-I boulvard

:

16 P .

* )#

=

"

T O>B

&

* (

" B

* J=

N -%"

&

6 # *. /

W$.

&

",#

D" ( 0"

9

T1 !

(5)

%)2 <" . % B &

# !

? P .1

X" 6 $ . 5 -5

) -. / B -5

"# P . 6 & ) J 5

X"" B O$ $" " 9 ,

* $" %

"

,F" <" . % T1 Y

# &< " -5

< " "A "?

- 5

" B

* 6

" ?.

". 6)2 6"

6 &

"% "?. T1 ("

P" .1

9

1 6 # 01, >,

B N T1 (" ,@ '. % &

5"

6

" " % 1

.(1 " B"

.

& "

7 T1 ("

5

* 6 2

" "(

"

. ) Mangin et Panerai,1999,p65 (

5-1- I :

(" &<"1 "(" .( " ." -5 , " # 5

( 1 , " # 6 " 6 & %)2 * . "1 ) .

. * , ! A ? @ T 1

" " & " " & "5 B/) ( ...

"1 ( , 7 6

6 & % N $ .1 . B" "

0A J" %1

' # A 6)

- &* .

1 71 ' E -5

T1 % .# 6 &

O .#

7 1 ,

% '

&

J=

B - * , !A ?

) 5 &

" ( 0A

&

" % 0A &

0A

"

...

# 6 " 6

* E

"("

1 ,

( 0A # 6 &

? ( W B" 9 - ("

% K 1 ." $

.

(Pierre et Choay,1986,p594) 6-1- I :

* 16

#

" > -." N )

plarea (

" . ) Place

"" ": . ( )

Plaza ( .

# # T1 01 # S1 )

( * 6

9

6 $ ' " " ,#

, ?. %

"

) Bertrand et Listowski,1984,p7 (

.

$6 /6# O %N 1 .

% -5 ;

* .6 &

-.(

- %N 6

9 . * %N "." A () " =

* .

*" )# &

) Ledrut (

1

' B B. .F

<"5 J % 9 ." $6

- . 9

" % !A ? 9 Z"

"# - &

5

"

. 6 N

(6)

9 6 .

* 6 9 % <. =>

1 , ( * ( %

S " 6

" (

" %N * 5> ,N .

) Ledrut,1986,p151 (

. 9 6 7 - "" ( 1 .

-. <"1 ' 9 &

("

T1 !1 , $

% "B . 1 ". "

- ) 1964 Jakorljevic,

&( - 7

5 -. J P .

U - &

01 T1 8 6

# &

< " # 5

5 B/ ' "E

" %N " 6)# ( *

6 &

*

* B"

" "

&

" % &

"5 B/

" -5 & " % 16)

*

" B 1 $

&

!" ( -5

B"

Sitte

!" "5 )

vitruve :(

"

...

9 -5 * %N 6

" % " ( " ( 71 "

...

"

) Sitte,1922,p24 .(

71 " 6 & > 5 &U -. " " % %" . - .

*>"6) J * => 8 " -("$ 5 "# - & 6 ' % " % 1 = " 1,

" "

<

. ) Pinon,1991,p34 (

"

...

9 ? -5 - . != -

...

"

) Zucker,1959,p54 . (

" % ?. % .

Bertrand .F

1

! "

" " # ( # >" # " A >6 ) ...

&

# ; 6

# 6 & 1

B1E . Bertrand et Listowski,1984,p30 ) (

.

"

(

- 5 & % # U

" %N " 1 5

V" (

52 "

K" &

<"5 !1 ,

" %N " , ).2

. ) Sablet,1922,p13 (

B

* ,#

1 , #

" *N ( :

=[

"

Agora "

&0" ;: .

"

Forum

"

& .

6 *"

"

Parvie

"

-5 (

&- > :

7 T 5 :

*1 0

% ,

.

(" 0 # B.

"," ?. %

7 .# T1

6 9

% J" %

J % 1 <"

# B

# 1 1

-." T.

#

9 % 1 + , "

&

-

6 6

B N ." ,

&

" ( ( ; TB

% ? -1 0 >, 5 (" J" % 5 & " % ! ( 6 (

-

"

(7)

& "

% # ).2 # ( N B5 X F " N 0 N

* $" % -. #

& 9 6) 7 6 & "

5

D ; 7 ?

5> ,

" P" . $"

.

2- I :

6 1 .: *N ( . . " % -

<

( .# 6 & ,

<" " 9 " T1 .: (5 65 . B .2 . " & " . <

.

1-2- I

! "

"

La Perception

":

X ! ) 6

.:

(" < "

B .

% * 1(

"% ,

T

.: B

7

&9 X * " @ (

-

&

6 - ...

&

6"

("

# .6 " 6 &

N ( . 01,

*

<1, (

< "(

<

W % % ,

..."

7 :

X : # B" P .

T (

\"1 ...

"

) Wieczorek,1984,p137 (

.

7 B

# "/ -5 ; X :

< >

#

$%

<.

&

' % ! ( '1 " - "

52

&

# %. 6

-5 "A .(

01,

" )

"A "; .( " -5 -

-5 /

"

% N "

<

<

&

"

01, R

< " J !

&

.: X" # J= -5

W )

=

- 5 ?

< 5

# 6 &

N ( .

<

"% , * /Z %" . -

"

B1

"

-

"/

/ "A .

:

& 1

& 6) 6

..

. 7 # TB " &

< .:

" 1

?.#

& : J

&

X 1

&

6 ...

) Fischer,1981 .(

2-2- I "

imagibilité L

"

:

D ( "A "$" '. % " )2 -

>,

% . B

6 -)

D (

* 1 , 9 & 7 B &

< "

.

" ,

&

) Lynch (

"

$" " . 71 "A "$" ")2 F

&

S "

, " 6

'

" =

? > .

&

7 6"

1 >, &

6)

J ...

" 9 2

01,

".

"% ! ( "

B 6"

&

(8)

" 6 ( . D (" 9

# &

J" P .

T 7 :

")H B

&

B"

J % B

) lisibilité (

% Z

"

) visibilité (

1 ("

* " ,

"6 -5

)2 , " " .

"

# !" " &

? -.(" S

-

"?. .( 5 ( 6 " >, -5

A> * ,

. ) lynch,1969 (

Z T 2 ,

"1, *NN " ( 7 &

01,

> ,

16) % .

.6 "

B

"

7 9 =

?

&

'' ...

"

* N N

$ B5

&

52

# <

9 B

?

"

# &

8 N

5 6(

9# / >

-)

@

. ,

...

'' ) 975 1 Schulz, (

("

1"

! ) 6N

" - $ *NN

* . 6 *

"% , &

9 1

" (

" ( ". ( "

6 &

^ "

6

# ? >

)

'"6 -

"1, *N ( . * . <" 01, 6 &

"

7 7 /#

6 1 T1

<

"

< 6 $

&

. P

* "1 ( ""E

-5 -

%

&

" -5 .

- * % 5H

"/

) -.

-% , (

T 9 Z" 9 G .

) X" # 01,"

* 6 * 6 1 <"% T1 ( " ' % * " 6 6

" * 1( 8 )

(Pierre et Choay,1986,p594) .

:

" *1 " % "6

& " " . % 1 % -5 -

. % < " 5 . 6 2 -

-. / # & " 1( * ,

" -5 & 1 , " %N * =>(1 6 .# 9# & - "? - %N '. % 01( "5

B" D( 1 > 6 . % 16

1 0 # .

!1 , - 5 & ,2 ( * -= $" 5 # ?"

= "# & % 6 ",2 W - . E 5 /6 0 A

N

>

6 #

6) " . 5 O ) $" # & ." - 5 "$ 6 "%"

& "?

. ." ." 62 . " 9 O ) TB " 7 ;

?. 6 < 9 B. 7 6) & "/6 B( * ( B B. -5 6 1

(9)

&O )1 O .# T1 . " ( # # T & 6 1 J" % # J"$

# 5 P .

( ( * "B J TB < ; & O )1 ' =#

"?. 16" -5 - ." * 5

.

" - % . _5 7 : '. % . #

6

? >

# "5 $ "A "$ " .(

52 * 6 1 D( ! ) 6 6 6 &

' () * 5 B/ T1 ! ( 6 * %

.

II $ % -

:

" ( * 1 ","

# T1 * "E 7 -5 ,

6

"

7 6 - !A ? !1 , " - 5

" Z *.

" . N

" %

#

" "?

&

$ T1 ( "#

T1 *# - * "E

# 6)

7 B 5 & % .

* %: D(

" # *NZ 6 )

6 2 W .

.6 " 3"

.

$

& ". $ B 6 >, < ( 9 6 "

-1" +>, :

-5 E% (= " * #

&

." .A 6 =>( 16)

"

( 9

<

.

*1% - 5 (

6)

*

&

!A ? T . ) - * "E 6

. " F .

* B5 6 5 ( 6 " * , A , " 1

* !1 ,

". (

&* &O ) 0

";

* T

.

- * "E * F). 5 ( S " ,"

*#

"1 ,

B > ". $ * *F). .# # B

.

1-II

& '" ( )*

>>

, - . / AGORA

<<

:

"B !)6" "B" ;: -5 U " ?.

" %N

& W

? . -

- 5

% 6 )

O$

"1 01 # " "A

=[

&

''

- =[

T1 9$ # -." N - " "; 2 6)

9 6

". "

%

?. "

...

'' ) Schulz,1977,p 70 .(

(10)

( 6 "1 O$ "$6 =[

&

8 &

6

& ";

." 1 $6 16)

" B T1 (" 9

% 1 , !A ?

&

6 (

1 6

" " *N K"

% 9 () * ( % "1

" " * )= . "

&

7 6 -

" 5 B/ *N B

' 6 &

! (

&

,2

&* 1(

7 T 5 :

9 % = X . B"

5 K" &

J1 D ( "

* % . " $

_5 7 &

!1 ,

!A ? W

. 1(%

*

" 1 $ .

" %N

"B" ;: ." -5 ...

Sablet,1988,p 21) .(

! B

"?.

=[

" * 16)

&

- 5 2 Y

*. 6

S "; J

&

( 6 < ) .

&

*>

,

* $ /

=[

(

B >" = X ,

05) 0

*5 "# ( ."/#

$

".

*

- B " 6

K"

% 6 '" * ) B. " " * ( % * #

=[ -5

&

<.# 6

> ,

" % ( . W

= 2 E

()# " ,

X ) -

5

* )

Stoa

# &(

( 5 -5

-."1 B15 ( $ %.

#

X ) Apollo-patros

" % ( 6

- .% ( " $ -5 *>" ( K B &

.

" T 1

=[

-. 5 T W N >" >6) " (

&0 1E 6

. "/ % "1 ) . *

5

*

& %)2 X ;

W 6

N % /6# 5 . *1(% * "E N (

% !

) Sitte,1922 (

.

B

=[ *16)

= ()

"B" ;: -5

&

! ( 5 B/ X . ' 6" "5

& " 1 " " * ) B.

7 6

"

." 3" !) 6

"

2 T1 ! (

#

7 (

* .N

7

>,

% T1 . *

#

5 #

6

"/

?( 2

* . (A

1 ) .

. $%# T

.

" " "

N

" % N

!=

=[ -5

&

5

N % "1(

*N .

* 5 . * ? !1 ,

" "

&

B" 6 ." % # !1 , X .

. =N

. Z

#

& (1 D B.

$ )

", Z #

"5 = 9

":

...

. "(" *"

- 5 "

=[

&

P"% . "("

K"

,

" 1( " " * ? . 71

(11)

1? = 2 * * ) B.

...

"

(Schulz,1977,p195) .

6 7 5 X" <.

"B" ;: B. <% T1 =H &

" W $ - 5

" %N

"5

&

-

* 6

= - !A ? ( . 6 W

-. O$ 7 6

&

(%

.

( B

& , 5 #

Z 5 01E

._

<

7 "

A $

J (

% " $ ,

. = -5 ( '. % 71 6

$ ) : ''

- =[

* ''

(Schulz,1977,p70)

. # .

-5 % "

8 "5

>B.

#

0" ;: ()

>A = : '' -5 -) 6

&

, * )

& "A B 8

& 1 ( "

". . B + . ...

'' . (Mumford,1964,p167)

01. :

=: . -C 4 D Schulz,1977,p71:

(12)

4 :01 . -E 22%

=:

: Schulz,1977,p71

2-II

(

>>

Le Forum

<<

:

?

" /6# ".

& "B" ;:

1 - 5

P" . 6) T

" ( " " $%# J # T B +

6 )

Cardo (

) b

' . % X". "6

) Decumunus 0 ) (

b ' ; &

1 B. -5 ( B "

." $ 6 / &

& ( 6 -. < O$ " % " . ' B

& 6

% C ") X 1 ..

. 9

! )

forum (

&

#

. $ .

- ,

+ 5

T 1 - 5

"" "A " 1 "$ " . / O ) .

""

J F

* T1

." "

.

". "

? . ,

"$

$"

( ." 9 ( N

&

< )"

<"1 *". 9 . .

(Schulz,1977,p84) .

5 16

) forum

B ) B ' (

(5

# ) ferre

" X . # 9# (

T J1

&

.F B ,# " 5 7 .

16 B )

(focus) T.(

- % ,

&

X . B. "

[ Y (Agora) =

/6# 6 ?" -5 6

6 ,

&>

N 5 01( "

"1" % -. "

.

" , 6

*

". "

." 1 " %N .

(sablet,1988)

& ( 6 ( -. 6 " B( 6)

6

&

0 . &

& . 6 $ .

;

!

* %N

* TB1 "

' , "5 &

?"5 7

B1E 6

(13)

> B. *"

!" "5 )

vitruve (

= 9 : '' ...

(" N

< " 6)

. -

&

D . '1B / "

>6" . ". ." 1 &

9 /

.

6 , 1A (1 .

. . . '' (Sitte,1922,p9) .

- 5

". " : T= # ."

&

JB"

5 T1

500

" . "

Tibre)

. T1 " . (

&

1 1 .

-

- " 6 ' .

& 6 T1 # 1,

6 6 "

" % *> 7

X ) ( )# "

T S E = # F

STOA) (

# . . "

" # 5 <

1 *

( # " 6)

100 x

& 60 - . W .

." O ) 0

2 $%

" "

" % -

E1E * ( J.

< 1, 03 )

(

&

" -5 ) .

* . BA 5 "/ % <

< % 6 &

( #

* 5 .

&

%"

T.

".6 + ,

* %>

-5 * 6

, . ! ?

"

A"

. (Schulz,1977)

( "

.

"

T1 )

Forum (

=>?@A

" " ). /6#

&

" ) 6

*> #

&

%

&7 . 6 # X .

* (

" B * "

&

" <"1

6 T1 6 ". = D 'A J %

&

6

() D ( () !B"

&

6 B

/ "

- '1B $

-5

". " 1 N / ". ."

" %N

<. *" B5&

:

"

...

-5 X" ". " $6 5 ' 5

.

" :

".

( %

."

( Sitte,1922,p25) B 5

*

$ %.

" (

" ( * )

forum

# (

"= 5 )

) Cesar - 46 B C (

; # 5 .

* ) August -

42 C B ( ) DEF>GHI 02

( 5 .

"$ " "5

& 75 6

A ? - 5 , !

<

&

%.

<% 5

).H

" "

&

"A B &

" () "."

&

6 'A J % <"1 " 7

&

"

@ 5 W %

,

D" % + ,

2 &7 7 .

O . K /

%

<

D ( N

" = .%

6 &

"

<"1

* %

:

*"

&

7 T 5 :

E -. ' B % "

*5 B J % , *. 6

" " 6 )

Comitium .(

(14)

B"

(Mumford) ,

+

"

T1 + , S1

?

( " $

% %

&<

" " -5 6 W

!" "5 Vitruve)

F ( ( #

6 % N '

# T1

=2

" 5 -(" "

". 2 (

. (Mumford,1964) .

# ?" W 6 5

. < A ? <16)

"= T

<.

...":

. <.

/62

-." > ( -5 ( * - 5 N %

"...

) Schulz,1977,p288 .(

02. :

>

':

Encarta 2003:

03. :

$ @2: ( . Mumford, 1964:

Références