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TABLE OF CONTENT
PART I: RESISTANCE STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
... 1
INTRODUCTION
... 8
CHAPTER 1: WHERE DO RESISTANCE STUDIES COME FROM?
... 15
MICHEL FOUCAULT ... 16
1.1. JAMES C.SCOTT AND “EVERYDAY FORMS OF RESISTANCE” ... 18
1.2. 1.2.1 Works following Scott’s model ... 22
1.2.2 Critics of Scott’s model ... 24
CHAPTER 2: BUILDING AND DEVELOPING THE FIELD OF RESISTANCE STUDIES
... 30
2.1. THE RESISTANCE STUDIES NETWORK AND ONWARDS ... 30
2.2. WHAT IS RESISTANCE STUDIES ABOUT? ... 35
CHAPTER 3: RESISTANCE STUDIES TODAY
... 41
3.1. NONVIOLENT ACTION AND CIVIL RESISTANCE – WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE ... 42
3.2. EVERYDAY RESISTANCE – WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE ... 46
3.3. GLOBAL(IZED) RESISTANCE: WHAT HAPPENS IN THE THIRD, TRANSLOCAL SOCIAL SPACE ... 49
3.4. TOWARDS THEORIZATION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION ... 53
3.5. ISSUES IN RESISTANCE STUDIES:WHAT IS MISSING? ... 56
CHAPTER 4: DRAWING ON THE FEMINIST FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH
... 60
4.1. REHABILITATING THE MARGINAL ... 60
4.2. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AS A RESULT OF THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ... 62
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PARTII: SINGLE MOMS IN VIETNAM
CHAPTER 5: THE “CONTEXT OF DISCOVERY” ... 89
5.1. THE RESEARCHER ... 89
5.2. FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND WORKING CONDITIONS ... 91
5.3. THE RESEARCH PROJECT ... 93
Doi Moi ... 96
5.3.1. Exploratory field trip ... 97
5.3.1.1. Interviews with NGO employees. ... 97
5.3.1.2. Interviews of factory workers ... 100
5.3.1.3. Conclusions from the exploratory field trip ... 102
Peasant life ... 103
Development of a civil society ... 104
The concept of Face in Vietnam ... 106
Culture hostile to research... 107
5.3.2. The second field trip ... 109
5.3.2.1. Preparing for the trip ... 109
Gender in Vietnam ... 110
5.3.2.2. Arriving in Vietnam ... 112
5.3.2.3. Discovering the topic of Single Moms ... 114
CHAPTER 6: EXCHANGING WITH SINGLE MOMS – CONTEXT OF JUSTIFICATION
120
6.1. DEFINITIONS AND CHOICES FOR COLLECTING DATA ... 1206.1.1. What is a Single Mom? ... 120
“Asking for a Child”, a special kind of Single Mom ... 121
6.1.2. Why did I focus exclusively on Hanoi? ... 122
Difference between Northern and Southern Vietnam ... 122
6.1.3. How did I manage translation? ... 123
6.1.3.1. Linh ... 123
6.1.3.2. Ha ... 125
6.1.3.3. The advantages of unconventional translators ... 125
6.1.4. Did my research face any control or censorship? ... 126
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6.2.1. Group discussion in Tan Minh ... 133
6.2.2. Interviews in Tan Minh ... 135
6.2.3. Interviews in the center of Hanoi ... 137
6.2.3.1. Ha ... 137 6.2.3.2. Pham ... 142 6.2.3.3. Hieu ... 142 6.2.3.4. Dien ... 144 6.2.3.5. Ngoc ... 145 6.2.3.6. Hong ... 146
6.2.3.7. Tuyet, Anh, and Lien ... 148
6.2.4. The “Offline Event” – group discussion in Hanoi ... 149
6.2.5. Interviews of Institutions, CSOs, and NGOs ... 150
6.3. OBSERVATION, JOURNALING, AND INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS ... 154
6.4. DOCUMENTATION ... 156
PARTIII: SINGLE MOMS' RESISTANCE
CHAPTER 7: “I WANTED A HAPPY FAMILY”
... 161
7.1. THE “HAPPY FAMILY”CAMPAIGN ... 161
7.1.1. The 1959 Law on Marriage and the Family... 163
7.1.2. Doi Moi and the 1986 new Law on Marriage and the Family ... 164
7.1.3. The HFC ... 166
7.2. MOTHERHOOD AS SUBORDINATION ... 168
7.2.1. Subordinated to the State project ... 168
7.2.2. Subordinate to the family project... 172
7.3. SINGLE MOMS’ PRIVATE RESISTANCE ... 178
CHAPTER 8: “I CAN’T STAND MY HUSBAND ANYMORE”
... 182
8.1. MALE CONSUMERISM ... 182
8.1.1. Enjoying new capitalist goods: sexuality and women as merchandize ... 183
8.1.2. Women’s sexuality and abortion ... 186
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8.2.1. The wife and the chores ... 189
8.2.2. The wife and the family harmony ... 192
8.3. SINGLE MOMS’ PUBLIC RESISTANCE ... 194
CHAPTER 9: “I FELT LONELY AND BORED, NOW I HAVE OTHERS”
... 199
9.1. THE FEELING OF LONELINESS ... 199
9.1.1. Marginalization due to social stigma ... 201
9.1.2. Individualization ... 204
9.2. SINGLE MOMS’ TRANSLOCAL RESISTANCE ... 205
