بناء أداة قياس لتقييم مستوى فاعلية مراكز التربية الخاصة للأطفال ذوي الاحتياجات الحركية الخاصة في الجزائر والأردن دراسة مقارنة بين مراكز الحراش وأم البواقي بالجزائر والجمعية الحسين ذوي التحديات الحركية بالأردن

Texte intégral

(1)‫ا ر اا ا

(2) ا ا‬ ‫وزارة ا ا وا ا ‬ ‫&‪ $ %‬ا "‪" #‬د‬ ‫‪'()%‬‬ ‫‪ %‬ا " ا' وا *‬ ‫أ و‪+ ,- %

(3) % .‬دة اآرا‪0‬‬ ‫"‪ 6‬ا‪-‬ط ا آ ا ‪"34‬‬ ‫ان‪:‬‬. ‫ء أداة س

(4) ى

(5) اآ ا ا‪ !" #$‬ل‬ ‫ذوي ا‪-./‬ت ا‪ +‬آ ا‪ * #$‬ا) ا( وا&ردن‪.‬‬ ‫درا< ‪

(6) %‬ر' "‪ % #‬آ ا اش وأم اا‪" 9‬ا و& ا)‪8 #‬وي‬ ‫ات ا آ ">ردن‪.‬‬ ‫;‪ :+‬إ‪ 9‬اف ا‪6‬آر‪:‬‬. ‫إ‪6‬اد ا‪ 45‬ا‪: 3.4‬‬. ‫دو ‪A-%‬ر‬ ‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬. ‫"‪9 #‬ة ‪$‬‬. ‫أ>ء ) ا=< ‪:‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د رض ‪ $‬ا اوي‪.‬‬ ‫د‪9 #" .‬ة ‪.$‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د "‪D % 4$ #‬آ‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د "داوود ‪ $‬ا ‪.#‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬وي ‪. %‬‬ ‫د‪G+ .‬ل ‪ $‬ا ‪.‬‬. ‫ر)‬ ‫‪

(7) %‬را‬ ‫‪E$‬ا ‪9-%‬‬ ‫‪E$‬ا ‪9-%‬‬ ‫‪E$‬ا ‪9-%‬‬ ‫‪E$‬ا ‪9-%‬‬. ‫ا ا‪6‬را? ‪2010 – 2009 :‬‬ ‫") ا‪ H‬ا ‪ # .‬ا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬.

(8) ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ا‪َ ْ4ُ َ Kُ L‬وِإذَا ‪َ ِ9‬‬ ‫)ِ‬ ‫)ُاْ َ ْ‪َ Q‬‬ ‫)ُاْ ‪ ِ6‬ا ْ َ َِ ِ ‪َ 6ْ َ6‬‬ ‫‪L Qَ Rَ ْ4ُ َ ,‬‬ ‫‪ُ-%َ D #‬اْ ِإذَا ‪َ ِ9‬‬ ‫" َأ ‪ َU‬ا‪َ ِ8L‬‬ ‫ت وَا‪َ "ِ Kُ L‬‬ ‫‪ #‬أُو‪ُR‬اْ ا ْ ِ ْ َ َد َر&َ ٍ‬ ‫‪ُ-%َ D #‬اْ ‪ ْ4ُ -ِ%‬وَا‪َ ِ8L‬‬ ‫ُواْ َ ْ َ‪ Wِ 6‬ا‪ Kُ L‬ا‪َ ِ8L‬‬ ‫ُواْ ‪ُ 'َ6‬‬ ‫ا' ُ‬ ‫‪"ٌ ِY‬‬ ‫ن َ‬ ‫َ‪َ ُ َ ْ R‬‬ ‫)ا‪? H

(9) 11 FG‬رة ا=)د (‬ ‫\ق ا‪ H‬ا‪Z‬‬. ‫(= ا=‪F+‬ت‬ ‫ا

(10) ‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬. ‫ا‪ 4‬و‬ ‫ا_هاء‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا_هاء ا‪b‬ص‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ااول ‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬. ‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬.

(11) ‫‪ 9‬ا <م ا'‬ ‫ت‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا ‪........................................................................................................................f.G‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪ %

(12) % -1‬ا‪................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬إ‪ 4+‬ا‪.............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪07‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬أهاف ا‪..............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪07‬‬ ‫‪* 6 -4‬ت ا‪............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬أه ا‪..................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ ‪mA‬ت‬ ‫ا_& ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا>آد ‬ ‫ار‪3‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫ا‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ا‪4‬ب ا&ول‪ :‬ا‪6‬را? ا‪ F N‬وا‪+4‬ث ا=<‪ L‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪ %

(13) %‬اب ا>ول‪..............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا&ول‪ :‬إ? ا;)ت ا وا‪6‬ر‪)

(14) * QF‬ل ا ا‪ #$‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................. R‬‬ ‫‪% -1-1‬ه ا " ا‪ \b‬وأ<<‪18 ................................................................................R‬‬ ‫‪R -1-1-1‬ر‪ #$ b‬ا " ا‪18 ............................................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪" -2 -1-1‬ا‪%Y ,‬ت ا " ا‪20 .................................................................................\b‬‬ ‫أو‪ :o‬إ< ا‪R‬ت ‪ f

(15) R‬د‪ r%‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ‪ q‬اد‪ W% #‬ا> ‪Q‬ل‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫اد‪.................................#‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪9 :'s‬س ا‪&.o‬ت و‪ R‬ا>هاف‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ umbR :ts‬ا‪ <o‬ا‪R‬ت ار) ‪27 .................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫را"‪ 8Q-R :‬ا‪ <o‬ا‪R‬ت ار)‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪ )R :)%Y‬ا‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫<د<‪

(16) R :‬ا‪............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬ا " ا‪28 ...............................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪ -3-1-1‬ا< ا‪R‬ت ار‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪ R -4-1-1‬ت ا " ا‪...................................................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1‬أ<<ت ‪ % , $ $6‬آ ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫ا‪...................................\b‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪ -1-2-1‬ا_دارة‪................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2-1‬ا "ّن وا‪%‬ن ‪ 6‬ا آ‪40 .................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪ wAY -3-2-1‬ا آ‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪-4-2-1‬ا ‪-‬ه‪.................................................................................................................r‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪% -5-2-1‬رآ ا>ه‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪- 3-1‬أ<<ت ‪ " % , $ $6‬ا " ا‪50..................................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................‬‬. ‫‪3‬‬. ‫ش‬.

(17) ‫‪ -4-1‬ا<‪ ,‬ا و‪ &-4" 9G$‬ا ‪% 6‬ل ا "‬ ‫ا‪...........................\b‬‬ ‫‪-1-4-1‬ا<‪b‬ام ا<‪ ,‬ا ‪% 6‬ل ا " ا * ا‪\b‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫وأها‪.......................6‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫أوّ‪ :o‬ا_دراك‪......................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪ :'s‬ا‪ARo‬ل‪......................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪ :ts‬ا‪..........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-4-1‬أهاف ا " ا * ا‪58 ...........................................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................. RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا‪ : *R3‬ا‪ S‬وأ‪R‬ا‪L‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................. R‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪ -1-2‬أ'اع ا_‪9$‬ت‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2‬أ'اع ا‪y‬ت واهت ا) '‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3-2‬ا

(18) ) ا‪ #* m‬ا ‪66 ...............................................................................#9‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬ ‫أو‪ :o‬إ\"ت ا‪ ,‬اآ‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬ ‫‪ :'s‬إ\"ت ار‪.............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -4-2‬ا‪ 3-A‬ا‪ 9$z m‬ا آ‪67 ................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫أو‪ :o‬ا‪ 'o‬اف ا‪A‬ري‪......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :'s‬اازن ا ‪ | ,b‬اف ا)‪68 ...................................................................................{Q‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪ :ts‬ا‪ 'o‬اف ا

(19) م‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-5-2‬‬ ‫وذوي‬ ‫ا ‪#9‬‬ ‫ر*‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ا *‪#‬‬ ‫‪3-AR‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫اهت‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Q-AR -6-2‬ت ا_‪ 9$‬ا '‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا_\"ت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا آي‬ ‫ا‪A‬‬ ‫از‬ ‫إ\"‬ ‫أو‪:o‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫ا‪ -‬و&‪..................................................‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫‪ :'s‬إ\"ت ا‪ ,4‬ا‪............................................................................................... Z‬‬ ‫‪ :ts‬ا_\"ت ا

(20) "‪GE‬ت‪73 ........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫را"‪ :‬ا_\"ت ا‪.....................................................................................................A‬‬ ‫‪-1-6-2‬ا_‪ 9$‬ا' ا‪ #$ &-‬إ\" از ا‪ A‬ا آي )ا‪%‬غ‪،‬‬ ‫اآ( ‪74‬‬ ‫وا‪b-‬ع‬ ‫‪55‬‬. ‫‪...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا‪............................................................................................q%‬‬. ‫‪ -1-1-6-2‬ا‪,‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-6-2‬ا‪ m*o‬ا"ت ا‪ -E‬ا‪.................................................................... Z‬‬ ‫أو‪ :o‬ا‪ ,t‬ا‪.............................................................................................................E‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬. ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬.

(21) ‫ا‪.............................................................................................................E‬‬. ‫‪ :'s‬اه‪#‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪ :ts‬ا‪ E‬ر ا‪.........................................................................................................E‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫را" ‪ % :‬ض" ‪....................................................................................................."s " -r‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪ " :)%Y‬ا> اف‪...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫<د<‪ :‬ا"ت ا ‪ ,\Q‬وا و‪R%‬م‪77 ...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................. RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا‪ :T3‬ا&?‪ Q‬ا‪V -W‬ه‪O‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪ R‬ــ‪...........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا آ‬ ‫)ا‪-‬ط‬ ‫ا‪&G‬‬ ‫ا ر‪#‬‬ ‫‪R‬ر‬ ‫‪#$‬‬ ‫'‪8‬ة‬ ‫‪-1-3‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫ا ‪........................................(34‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪ -2-3‬اه‪ ,‬ا' وا *‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪ -3-3‬ا>< ا‪ 9$z &G‬ا'‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪ -1-3-3‬إ\" از ا‪ A‬ا آي‪..........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪ -1-1-3-3‬ا‪ ,‬ا ‪.............................................................................................b‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪""

(22) -1-1-1-3-3‬ث ا‪..........................................................................&G‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪

(23) -2-1-1-3-3‬دو‪%‬ن‪-‬د‪G‬آ‪....................................................................... R‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪

(24) -3-1-1-3-3‬رود أو ا‪G‬ج "

(25) )‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪

(26) -4-1-1-3-3‬آ"ت‪'-‬ت‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪ f

(27) R -2-1-3-3‬ا د ا‪

(28) Q‬ي‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪ - 3-1-3-3‬إ\"ت ا‪ ,‬اآ‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪o. -2-3-3‬ت ا‪ A‬ع ودور ‪ ّ%‬ا " ا‪87 ............................................................\b‬‬ ‫‪o. -3-3-3‬ت ا_\" "‪

(29) )<o‬ء ا‪90 .....................................................................q%‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬ ‫‪ ,+ -4-3-3‬ا> ‪Q‬ل "‪ #‬ا‪ 9‬وا‪G‬ج‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫أوّ‪ :o‬ا‪G‬ج ا‪....................................................................................................&)Q‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪:'s‬ا‪G‬ج ا‪..............................................................................................................)Q-‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪-5-3-3‬إ\"ت ا‪ ,4‬ا‪....................................................................................... Z‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪o. -1-5-3-3‬ت ‪ 0R‬و‪/‬أو " ا> اف‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ % -2-5-3-3‬ض ‪Z$ AR‬م ارك‪94 ................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪ WY -3-5-3-3‬ا‪ 34‬ا ‪ 4‬ر‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ --4-5-3-3‬ا‪ Wb‬ا‪ ,AQ

(30) b‬ا‪) 8bQ‬أو ا‪ Wb‬ارآ ‪95 ................................. (C.D.H‬‬ ‫‪ -5-5-3-3‬اب ا ‪ ,\Q‬ا و‪97 ............................................................................%R%‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪ -6-5-3-3‬ا‪ Q‬ا

(31) ‪ 9‬و ا‪ f‬ا

(32) ‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫إ‪.‬ى‪98‬‬ ‫إ{‬ ‫ا‪

(33) Q‬ي‬ ‫ا د‬ ‫)‪G%‬ن‬ ‫ا‪3-‬‬ ‫‪$‬ه‬ ‫‪-7-5-3-3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬. ‫‪76‬‬.

(34) ‫ا'‪.......................................(#‬‬ ‫"‪GE‬ت‪100 ..................................................................................‬‬. ‫‪ -6-3-3‬ا_\"ت ا ‪Qb‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪ * -1-6-3-3‬ر ا‪GE‬ت‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ * -2-6-3-3‬ر ا‪GE‬ت اآ‪100 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪-7-3-3‬ا_\"ت ا ‪ mb‬ا ّدة‪100 ......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪ 0‬ا&‪.......................................................................................................K‬‬ ‫‪ّ R -1-7-3-3‬‬ ‫‪ -2-7-3-3‬ا ‪ 6 #"A‬اادث‪101 ..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3-7-3-3‬ا>ز‪ %‬ا‪A‬ر )ا "(‪101 ......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪ -4-7-3-3‬اّ‪ 3‬ا اري ‪ /‬ا‪4‬ي‪..................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -5-7-3-3‬ا*‪ m‬اب ا

(35) "‪ #‬ا‪ wb‬وا‪G‬ج‪103 ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -6-7-3-3‬ا ‪"A‬ن " ‪G‬ز‪ %‬داون‪104 ......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬ ‫‪ % -6-7-3-3‬ض ا‪8‬ام‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................................................... RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا ا‪ :X‬وا‪ X‬ا ا‪ * #$‬ا و ا!‪ H‬ا *‬ ‫‪107‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................... R‬‬ ‫‪ -1-4‬وا‪ W9‬ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا‪107...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -1 -1-4‬وا‪ W9‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا‪6 \b‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫ا…‪................................…………..‬‬ ‫‪)<% -2-1-4‬ت ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا‪110............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-4‬وا‪ W9‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا_‪&.‬ت ا‪ 6 \b‬ا ‪ #‬ا "‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪..............................................‬‬. ‫ا "‪111...............................................................................‬‬. ‫‪)<% -1-2-4‬ت ا " ا‪\b‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2-4‬وا‪ W9‬ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا>ردن‪114 ................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ % -1-2-2-4‬ا‪mR ,.‬ر ‪%‬ل ا " ا‪6 \b‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫ا>ردن‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪ -1-1-2-2-4‬ا ‪ .‬ا>و{‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪116‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-2-2-4‬ا ‪ .‬ا‪................................................................................................'t‬‬ ‫‪ -3 -1-2-2-4‬ا ‪ .‬ا‪117 ............................................................................................... tt‬‬ ‫‪ -4 -1-2-2-4‬ا ‪ .‬ا ا"‪118 ..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3-2-4‬ا‪%b‬ت ا ) ا

(36) ‪% 6 %‬ل ا " ا‪ \b‬واه‪6 ,‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫ا>ردن‪..........................‬‬ ‫‪%Y -1-3-2-4‬ت ا‪ wb‬وا‪ 34‬ا ‪121 ................................................................... 4‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪ -2-3-2-4‬ا‪%b‬ت ا ‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫أ‪% -‬ل ا_‪ 9$‬ا) ‪122 ............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬.

(37) ‫ا ‪123 ................................................................................................................#6Q4‬‬. ‫ب‪% 6 -‬ل‬ ‫ج‪% 6 -‬ل ا‪ ,‬ا‪123 ....................................................................................................q%‬‬ ‫د‪% 6 -‬ل اورات ار‪123 .................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪ "-3-3-2-4‬ا‪ r%‬ا ا‪......................................................................................&G‬‬ ‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪ -1-3-3-2-4‬ا '‪ r%‬ا‪.......................................................................................&G‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " -2-3-3-2-4‬ا ر< ا‪124 ...............................................................................%‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " -3 -3-3-2-4‬ا )"

(38) ا‪ A +‬وا‪124....................................................,64‬‬ ‫‪Q\ r%' " -4 -3-3-2-4‬ف ا‪ m‬ا ‪

(39) $ #9‬وا

(40) " ارس‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫اد‪.....................‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " -5-3-3-2-4‬ا )‪ N‬ا‪ m ,%‬ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا‪ 6 \b‬اء‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫ا

(41) ‪.......... A‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " -6-3-3-2-4‬ا ‪ m b‬ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا‪125...........................................\b‬‬ ‫‪126‬‬ ‫‪% -7-3-3-2-4‬ارس ا " ا‪...............................................................................\b‬‬ ‫أ‪% -‬ر< زه ان ‪126 ................................................................................................#6Q4‬‬ ‫ب‪% -‬ر< ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬اء ا

(42) ‪126.............................................................................. A‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬. ‫ا‪126 ........................................................................................$ &o‬‬. ‫ج‪%-‬ارس وزارة ا "‬ ‫أو‪ :o‬ا اآ ا د‪126 ...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " :'s‬ا_‪-q‬ء ا ر< ا‪ q) ,%‬ف ا ‪A‬در ‪m‬‬ ‫‪126‬‬ ‫ا ه"‪........................................(#‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪ r%' " :ts‬ا) ‪..............................................................................................................W‬‬ ‫را"‪% r%' " :‬ارس ا ‪ $‬ا‪127............................................................................... H‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪ 4% . -4-2-4‬ا_‪ 6 9$‬ا>ردن‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -1-4-2-4‬اد ا‪ %4‬وا‪ $m‬وا‪% 6 \b‬ل ا_‪6 9$‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫ا>ردن‪...........................‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪ -2-4-2-4‬ا ت وا

(43) ا'‪.......................................................................................#‬‬ ‫‪129‬‬ ‫‪ -1-2-4-2-4‬ا‪......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2-4-2-4‬ار واه‪ ,‬ا ‪.............................................................................-‬‬ ‫‪131‬‬ ‫‪ - 3 -2-4-2-4‬ا(‪.................................................................................................,‬‬ ‫‪132‬‬ ‫‪ -4 -2-4-2-4‬ا ‪ $‬ا <)‪......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪132‬‬ ‫‪ -5 -2-4-2-4‬اه‪ ,‬ا ‪.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -6 -2-4-2-4‬ا‪ A‬وا‪ wb‬وا‪ ,Y‬ا ‪134 .......................................................... 4‬‬ ‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪ -7-2-4-2-4‬ا ‪ K6‬وا *‪........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - 8 -2-4-2-4‬ا_‪G$‬م وا&‪ K‬ا ‪137 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬.

(44) ‫‪ -9 -2-4-2-4‬ا)‪G‬ت وا_‪Q$‬ءات وا )‪$‬ات ا ‬ ‫‪ - 10 -2-4-2-4‬ا أة ‪ 6‬ا>ردن‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -5-2-4‬أهاف ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا>ردن‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ % -1-5-2-4‬ا‪mR ,.‬ر ا " ا‪6 \b‬‬ ‫ا>ردن‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪-3-4‬وا‪ % W9‬اآ ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا_‪&.‬ت ا‪ 6 \b‬اا ‬. ‫‪138 ...............................................‬‬. ‫‪..............................................‬‬. ‫‪9 -1- 3-4‬ا ‪ " \Y‬اآ اه‪ ,‬ا ‪ -‬ا ‪ 6 AAb‬ر‪$‬‬ ‫ا ‪................................#9‬‬ ‫‪ " -2-3-4‬ا‪A-‬ص ا ا‪$ " \b‬‬ ‫ا ‪.....................................................#9‬‬ ‫‪R -3-3-4‬ر ‪ <R‬وا‪ $‬د ‪ %‬اآ و ‪%‬ارس ا ‪ #9‬ر< "ا ‪ ).‬‬ ‫ا‪AY‬ص آ‪,‬‬ ‫‪ %‬آ‪..........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -4-3-4‬د‪ ,‬ا <)ت ا ‪ YD #9 AAb‬إ‪A.‬ت < ‪2008‬م‬ ‫‪...................‬‬. ‫‪139‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪141‬‬ ‫‪166‬‬ ‫‪166‬‬ ‫‪174‬‬. ‫‪175‬‬. ‫‪175‬‬. ‫‪ -1-4-3-4‬ا ارس ا ا ‪Q | AAb‬ل ا ‪#9‬‬ ‫‪..........................................).‬‬ ‫‪ -2-4-3-4‬ا اآ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪#9‬‬ ‫‪179‬‬ ‫ذه‪..............................................-‬‬ ‫‪184‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................... RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا‪; :Y

(45) $‬ر‪=R F‬ذج ‪ Z H‬ا= اآ ا= ‪6‬را? ‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................... R‬‬ ‫‪.

(46) R -1-5‬ل و* ا آ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪ . #9‬آ "م‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫اا‪9‬‬ ‫"ا ‪................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.

(47) R -2-5‬ل و* ا آ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪ . #9‬آ "‪,‬‬ ‫‪191‬‬ ‫"ا ‪....‬‬ ‫‪ - 3 -5‬ا آ ا‪ A‬ا‪

(48) %‬ا>‪E$‬ء "

(49) ‪ A‬ا‪ " #‬اش ‪ 6‬ا'‪Z‬ر‬ ‫‪194‬‬ ‫‪ W<R‬ا آ‪.....‬‬ ‫‪.

(50) R - 4 -5‬ل ا آ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ‬ ‫‪198‬‬ ‫ا‪ " ........\b‬اش اا ‬ ‫ا\ ‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪199‬‬ ‫‪ & - 5 -5‬ا)‪8 #‬وي ات ا آ " ن –ا ‪ 4‬ا>رد'‬ ‫‪175‬‬. ‫‪8‬‬.

(51) ‫ا‪..................... +‬‬. ‫‪ & #$ ,AQ%

(52) R -1-5-5‬ا)‪8 #‬وي ات ا آ " ن " ‪4‬‬ ‫ا>رد'‬ ‫ا‪................................................................................................................................. +‬‬ ‫‪ -1-1-5-5‬رؤ ا ‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-5-5‬أهاف ا ‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪<< -2-5-5‬ت ا ‪ ,‬دا‪ ,Y‬ا ‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - 3 -5-5‬ا‪ ,4‬ا‪................................................................................... Z-‬‬ ‫‪ - 4-5-5‬إ'زات ا ‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪)% -5-5-5‬ه ا آء‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -6-5-5‬أ‪)9‬م و ور‪+‬ت ا ‪......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪)%-7-5 -5‬ه ا ‪ 6‬ا‪%b‬ت ‪8‬وي ات ا آ ‪)% {$‬ى‬ ‫ا ‪...................................................................................................................................#‬‬ ‫‪ -8-5-5‬ا ؤ ا )

(53) ‪ & :‬ا)‪8 #‬وي ات ا آ " ن‬ ‫" ‪ 4‬ا>رد' ا‪ +‬‬. ‫‪201‬‬ ‫‪201‬‬ ‫‪201‬‬ ‫‪203‬‬ ‫‪203‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪208‬‬ ‫‪209‬‬ ‫‪236‬‬. ‫‪238‬‬. ‫‪....................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................... RY‬‬. ‫‪242‬‬. ‫ا ‪ OP‬ادس‪ :‬ا‪6‬را?ت ا و ا‪+4‬ث ا=<‪ L‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................... R‬‬ ‫ا‪.....................................................................................................\b‬‬. ‫‪% -1-7‬ل ا "‬ ‫‪ -1-1-7‬درا<ت ذات ‪Q4" 9G$‬ت ‪ %‬ا " ا‪\b‬‬ ‫‪................................................‬‬. ‫‪244‬‬ ‫‪244‬‬ ‫‪244‬‬. ‫‪-1-1-1-7‬ارا<ت ا>&‪:-‬‬ ‫درا< ه و‪1983) %‬م(‪244..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< " &ن و‪ %R‬ي‬ ‫‪244‬‬ ‫)‪1776‬م(‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< & ‪1979) #‬م(‪245 ............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< آر‪1969) -‬م( ‪245 .......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-1-7‬ارا<ت ا "‪............................................................................................ :‬‬ ‫درا< ا‪1988) ,‬م(‪245 ...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-7‬درا<ت ‪-R‬و ‪ K"R‬ا‪Q4‬ت ا " "‪y6 % #‬ت ا "‬ ‫‪247‬‬ ‫ا‪......................\b‬‬ ‫آري )‪1985‬م( ‪247 .................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ‬ ‫‪248‬‬ ‫‪ -3-1-7‬درا<ت ‪-R‬و &ا' ‪%‬دة ‪ :,t%‬ا‪Q4‬ت ا‪ Ab‬و‪9G$‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬. ‫‪9‬‬. ‫‪244‬‬.

(54) ‫ا ">ه‪ ,‬ودرا<ت ‪-R‬و آ‪Q‬ت ذات ‪r%' " 9G$‬‬ ‫ا "ي‪.................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -1-3-1-7‬ارا<ت ا>&‪:-‬‬ ‫)‪1977‬م(‬ ‫" ان‬ ‫درا<‬ ‫و‪1974) %‬م‬ ‫‪248‬‬ ‫ورآ)‪1950‬م(…‪....…………………….........‬‬ ‫درا< و و‪1974) %‬م( ‪248................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ‪1976) 'R‬م( ‪248 ...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< "‪1977)#‬م( ‪248 ..............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< <‪'4‬ن )‪1975‬م( ‪249 .......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< رو‪1977) R‬م( ‪249 .............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ‪)R%‬ن)‪1977‬م( ‪249 .........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< " ورو" ت و‪6‬ره')‪1977‬م(‬ ‫‪249‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................‬‬. ‫درا<ر‪ -‬و" ش)‪1977‬م(‬ ‫‪ -4-1-7‬درا<ت ‪-R‬و ا‪Q4‬ت ا " ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا

(55) ‬ ‫ا‪.... \b‬‬. ‫‪249 .................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪249‬‬. ‫‪.............................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا>&‪...........................................................................................( :-‬‬. ‫‪ -1-4-1-7‬ارا<ت‬ ‫)‪1985‬م(‪249...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< را‪ #‬و‪ 6‬ا')‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫درا< ‪1997) #%‬م(‪...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬ ‫درا< و)‪1981) r-‬م( ‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< & ن )‪1977‬م(‪251 ............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< &<ن و‪ YD‬ون)‪1982‬م(‪252 ..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪252‬‬ ‫)‪1974‬م(‪........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< آ‪%‬‬ ‫‪252‬‬ ‫درا< د‪1974) r-‬م(‪............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪252‬‬ ‫‪ -2-4-1-7‬ارا<ت ا "‪...........................................................................................( :‬‬ ‫درا< ‪ .‬ان )‪1980‬م( ‪252 ..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -3-4-1-7‬درا<ت ‪-R‬و ‪)%‬ى ‪ % $6‬اآ ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا ‪ #‬ا " ‪254‬‬. ‫‪249‬‬. ‫‪.............‬‬. ‫درا< ‪ -" Y‬ه‪G‬ل "‪ $ -‬ا ي )أل‬ ‫‪2000‬م(‪......................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ا( )‪1991‬م(‪256 ...........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ا‪ A‬دي و‪1997) # YD‬م(‪258 .........................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< دردن )‪1994‬م(‪259 ..........................................................................................................‬‬. ‫‪254‬‬. ‫‪10‬‬.

(56) ‫)‪1993‬م(‪260 ............................................................................................................‬‬. ‫درا< ا‪$‬‬ ‫درا< ا " ة )‪1992‬م(‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -2-7‬ارا<ت و اث ‪% 6‬ل ا " ا' و ا *‬ ‫ا‪......................................\b‬‬ ‫درا< دا‪1990) )%‬م(‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................................‬‬. ‫ا ‪ $o -‬د إ‪$‬اد ا ‪ 6 #‬ا‪o‬ت ا ة‬. ‫‪261‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫‪264‬‬. ‫درا< ا ‬ ‫ا>‪...................................4 %‬‬ ‫درا< " د و &')ر )‪1979‬م(‪264 ................................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ‪ %‬ا' و‪1991) 6‬م(‪264 ..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< آ و&')‪-‬ر )‪1998‬م(‪265 .............................................................................................‬‬ ‫درا< ا ‪ R‬ا ‪ -‬ا>‪ " 4 %‬ا' وا و‪b+| N‬ص ذوي‬ ‫‪265‬‬ ‫ا_‪9$‬ت‪...........................‬‬ ‫‪: RY‬ا‪ {$ f‬آ‪ ,‬ار ا<ت واث‪267...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ا‪4‬ب ا‪ :*R3‬ا‪6‬را? ا=‪6‬ا‪ R‬‬ ‫‪ %

(57) %‬اب‬ ‫‪269‬‬ ‫ا‪..........................................................................................................................'t‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا&ول‪ )L

(58) :‬ا‪ T+4‬و إ‪ -‬اءا;\ ا=‪6‬ا‪ R‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................. R‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ارا< ا><<‪.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪r-% -1-1‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬ ‫ا‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫‪ W % -2-1‬و‪ -$‬ا‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪o% -3-1‬ت ا‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪ -1-3-1‬ا ل ا ي‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪ -2-3-1‬ا ل ا ‪.....................................................................................................'4‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪ -3-3-1‬ا ل ا‪.....................................................................................................-%‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬ ‫‪ -4-1‬أدوات وو<‪ ,‬ا‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -5-1‬أه ‪mY‬ات ا " ا‪275 .....................................................................$Gm<o‬‬ ‫‪276‬‬ ‫‪% -6-1‬ا\‪Q‬ت أداة ا

(59) س‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪277‬‬ ‫‪ -1-6-1‬إ& اءات "‪-‬ء ا>داة‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫ا >داة ا

(60) س‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -7-1‬ا><‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫‪\-1-7-1‬ق أداة ا

(61) س‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪281‬‬ ‫‪s-2-7-1‬ت أداة ا

(62) س‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬. ‫‪264‬‬.

(63) ‫ا><<‪.....................................................................................‬‬. ‫‪-8-1‬إ& اءات ارا<‬ ‫‪ -9-1‬ارا< ا_‪.................................................................................................A.‬‬ ‫‪"\ -10-1‬ت ا‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................. RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا‪ :*R3‬ض ا(^‪ L+; ،‬و

(64) <‪L‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................. R‬‬ ‫‪ $-1-2-2‬ض '‪ r‬أداة ا

(65) س ‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ,R 2-2-2‬و‪ r' 9-%‬أداة ا

(66) س‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................. RY‬‬ ‫ا ‪ OP‬ا‪ :T3‬ا‪-?/‬ت‪ <

(67) ،‬ا ‪a‬ت‪

(68) #W` ،‬و ا‪#‬ت‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................................. R‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ا‪&-<o‬ت‪.................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 9-% -2‬ا‪* Q‬ت‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 9-% -1-2‬ا‪ * Q‬ا>و{‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 9-% -2-2‬ا‪ * Q‬ا‪.............................................................................................'t‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................................%$ \GY-3‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ا\ت‪...................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ L‬س ا=‪P‬در وا= ا‪X-‬‬ ‫‪ 9 01‬ا ‪A‬در وا ا&‪(" W‬‬ ‫ا "‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 9 02‬ا ‪A‬در وا ا&‪(" W‬‬ ‫ا>&‪..................................................................-‬‬ ‫‪ 9 03‬ا <‪ ،,‬ا> و‪.‬ت وا ‪G‬ت‬ ‫ا ‪........................................................‬‬ ‫ا

(69) "‪G‬ت ا‪..........................................................................................Ab‬‬ ‫‪04‬‬. ‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪283‬‬ ‫‪284‬‬ ‫‪285‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫‪342‬‬ ‫‪342‬‬ ‫‪345‬‬ ‫‪345‬‬ ‫‪346‬‬ ‫‪347‬‬ ‫‪348‬‬. ‫‪351‬‬ ‫‪355‬‬ ‫‪362‬‬ ‫‪363‬‬. ‫ا<‪ d‬وا‪ F6‬‬ ‫ا ‪ {$ H‬إ‪ K').‬وا‪ 4‬وا

(70) ‪ K

(71) 6R {$‬وا‪ ،K'-%‬ه ا ئ ا ‬ ‫ا‪8‬ي ‪ o‬ي ‪ KR4% 6‬إ‪ % o‬ء و‪9 ، %‬ر آ‪+ ,‬ء <"‪K $ 6 f‬‬ ‫و‪ 6 G%+ K 4.‬ذ "ا<‪ W‬ر‪.K

(72) Y {$ K .‬‬. ‫‪12‬‬.

(73) ‫‪ " -) o‬ه‪8‬ا ا ‪% 6‬ل ا‪-‬ط ا آ ا ‪ 34‬إ‪ o‬أن أ‪ 4+‬ا‪H‬‬ ‫<'‪ K‬و‪ {R‬ا‪8‬ي أ' ‪ -" $‬ا‪ A‬وا ‪ "t‬ة _" از ه‪8‬ا ا د إ{ ‪.‬‬ ‫ا&د‪.‬‬ ‫وا‪ H ,EQ‬أو‪ s... K

(74)

(75) . % {$ o‬أ<ذي ا‪ ,*Q‬ا ‪.‬م ا><ذ اآر‬ ‫‪ % A9‬د ‪%‬ي ا

(76) ) ا‪8‬ي ‪ --%‬ا‪ #% t4‬و‪ K9‬و&‪.0‬‬ ‫أ‪ 4" K&R‬و ا

(77) إ{ ‪ %‬ا و أ<‪8R‬ة و ‪ # %‬ا‪$< #8‬و'‬ ‫<اء ‪ 9 #%‬أو " "‪ $ %‬ا "‪" #‬د ‪.‬‬ ‫آ وأ'‪ 4" -% -‬أ‪ E‬إ{ ا><ذ اآر ه‪'$ +‬ن ا‪{$ 'G4‬‬ ‫‪ KR&R‬و<‪ Km$ 6 Kb‬ا ‪ .‬وه‪8‬ا "ء ا ‪ ' 6 ،K$‬ذج‬ ‫|<ذ ‪ $‬و‪.

(78) Y‬‬ ‫آ‪ 8‬أ‪

(79) R‬م "‪ 4‬وا

(80) إ{ اآر "‪9 #‬ة ‪ {$ $‬ا ‪Z.G‬ت ا

(81) ‪6‬‬ ‫إآ ل ا‪mb‬ات ا>‪ Y‬ة ‪ #%‬ا <‪.‬‬ ‫آ أ‪

(82) R‬م "‪ 4‬ا‪ ,‬إ{ ‪ -6‬ا ‪ %" b‬ا>رد' ا><ذ رو"‪#‬‬ ‫ار‪ KR&R {$ $‬ا‪ Q‬و‪ 6 < K"%‬ا‪-‬ا‪ .‬ا_‪.A.‬‬ ‫آ وأ‪

(83) R‬م "‪ 4‬إ{ آ‪ ,‬ا><‪8R‬ة و اآ‪ R‬ة ا>‪ ,*6‬ا‪$< #8‬و' ‪6‬‬ ‫إ& اء ا

(84) "‪G‬ت ا‪ Ab‬آ‪ K <" ,‬و‪9‬ر‪< 0‬اء ">ردن أو "ا وأ‪wY‬‬ ‫"‪8‬آ ا><ذ اآر رض ‪ $‬ا اوي‪.‬آ‪ 8‬أ‪ 4" K&R‬إ{ ‪ #%‬ه ‪W9% 6‬‬ ‫ا )و ‪ 6‬وزارة ا‪ -‬ا‪ $ &o‬و‪ " R %‬ن‪ & ،‬ا)‪8 #‬وي‬ ‫ات ا آ‪ ،‬ا آ ا ‪Q | wAb‬ل ‪%‬دي ا_‪ " 9$‬ن‪ % ،‬آ‬ ‫ا اش‪ ،‬أم اا‪ 9‬و&‪8 ,‬وي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪ ،\b‬ووزارة ا(‪,‬‬ ‫وا‪ #%E‬ا ‪" -‬ا ‪.‬‬ ‫< ا‪ H‬أن ‪ & -‬ا‪ A‬وا‪ <G 6‬ار ‪ m$ 6‬ا‪-‬ء‪.‬‬ ‫آ ‪ o‬أ'){ ‪ 4+‬ي و‪

(85) R‬ي إ{ ‪ 6m$‬اآ‪ R‬ة‪ {Q)% % :‬ا ‬ ‫ا م‪ % ،‬ا‪%b‬ت ا‪ m‬ا ‪ 4‬ا م و‪ {Q)% %‬ا"‪ #‬ا‪ t‬ا م‬ ‫‪G‬ج ا‪ " m‬ن ‪ R$)% {$‬إي‪.‬‬ ‫دو ‪A-%‬ر‪.‬‬. ‫‪13‬‬.

(86) ‫ا‪S‬ه‪6‬اء‬ ‫إ{ زو& ا‪+ ,*Q‬ة "‪ "\ #‬أآ‪ K-‬ا‪ H‬ل ا ‪.‬‬ ‫إ{ ا"‪ -‬ا‪% #‬د و < 'را ‪ ZQ. ،R.‬ا‪ H‬و ر‪$‬ه ا‪.. % H‬‬ ‫إ{ وا ا‪ ، #‬أ ل ا‪ $ 6 H‬ه ‪.‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬.

(87) ‫إ{ أ‪ Y‬ا( وأ"‪ -‬وآ‪ ,‬أ‪ 6‬اد ا‪ ،#‬و إ{ آ‪ ,‬ا>‪.‬ب وا>\‪9‬ء‪ ،‬و إ{‬ ‫آ‪ #% ,‬ف ا< "‪A-%‬ر"‪.‬‬ ‫إ{ ا><ذ اآر ا ‪.‬م ‪ % A9‬د ‪%‬ي ا

(88) ) ا>ب ا و‪. .‬‬ ‫‪o‬ء & أهي ‪A$‬رة &ي‪.‬‬ ‫دو ‪A-%‬ر‪.‬‬. ‫(= ا)‪6‬اول‬ ‫ا ‬ ‫ان ا)‪6‬ول‬ ‫‪ " 01‬رواد ا " ا‪.\b‬‬ ‫‪ 02‬اا‪ ,%‬ا ‪ (-‬ا‪Y‬ره ‪

(89) R -$‬ار ‪.‬‬ ‫‪

(90) 03‬ت ا ‪. A" #9‬‬ ‫‪

(91) 04‬ت ا ‪ #9‬ذه‪.-‬‬ ‫‪ 3b% 05‬أ'اع ا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 06‬أ‪)9‬م ا‪ ,‬ا‪.q%‬‬ ‫‪Q-AR 07‬ت ا

(92) ) ا * ‪ . #9‬آ‪.‬‬ ‫‪R 08‬ز‪ )' W‬ا_‪ 6 9$‬ا‪.‬م‪.‬أ‪.‬‬ ‫‪R 09‬ز‪$ W‬د ‪)<%‬ت ا ‪ 6 #9‬اول ا " ") 'ع‬ ‫ا_‪.9$‬‬ ‫‪R 10‬ز‪)<% W‬ت ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬اول ا " ") ا‬ ‫ا ‪.6‬‬ ‫‪R 11‬ز‪ W‬ا ‪ 6 #9‬ا>ردن ") 'ع ا_‪.9$‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬. ‫ا‪ + P‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬.

(93) ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬. ‫ا اآ وا <)ت ا‪% 6 %‬ل ا_‪ 9$‬ا" زارة‬ ‫ا‪ -‬ا‪.$ &o‬‬ ‫‪ %‬اآ ا

(94) ‪m‬ع ا‪b‬ص ا‪+ 6 %‬ون ا>‪b+‬ص ا ‪#9‬‬ ‫">ردن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ %‬اآ ‪+‬ون ا>‪b+‬ص ا ‪ #9‬ا"

(95) ‪m‬ع او‬ ‫">ردن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ %‬اآ و ‪)<%‬ت ‪+‬ون ا>‪b+‬ص ا ‪ #9‬ا"

(96) ‪m‬ع‬ ‫ا‪.$m‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا <)ت ا ‪ AAb‬وا ‪Q >" Q4‬ل ا ‪6 #9‬‬ ‫اا ‪.‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪ -4‬ا ‪Q >" AAb‬ل ا ‪ A" #9‬‬ ‫)‪%‬ارس ا ‪ #6Q4‬ا‪(A‬ر( )‪. (E.J.A‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪ -4‬ا ‪Q >" AAb‬ل ا ‪ #9‬ا‪ A‬ا‪4‬‬ ‫)‪%‬ارس ا> ‪Q‬ل ا‪ A‬ا‪.(E.J.S) ( 4‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا اآ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪

(97) $ #Qb‬‬ ‫)‪.(C.M.P.E.I.M‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا اآ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪ . #9‬آ‬ ‫)‪.(C.M.P.H.M‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا <)ت ا ‪ $ " Q4‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ا اه

(98) ‪ q #‬‬ ‫ا ‪.

(99) $ #Q4‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا <)ت ا ‪b+>" Q4‬ص ‪ q‬ا ‪ #Q4‬ذه‪R -‬‬ ‫ر‪$)% & $‬ة ‪ q‬ا ‪.#Q4‬‬ ‫‪% 9‬ارس \(ر ا‪ YD) A‬ا_‪A.‬ت‪2009‬م(‪.‬‬ ‫‪% 9‬ارس \(ر ا ‪ YD) #6Q4‬ا_‪A.‬ت‪2009‬م(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬ا اآ ا‪ m‬اا‪Q | &q‬ل ا ‪ #9‬ذه‪ YD)-‬‬ ‫ا_‪A.‬ت‪2009‬م(‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪$‬اد ا ‪ #Q‬و‪ RAAbR‬وا ‪GY #$m‬ل ‪$‬م ‪2006‬م‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا‪%b‬ت ا ‪Q |

(100) R R‬ل "

(101) ) ا‪ ,Y‬ا ‪. 4‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا‪%b‬ت ا ‪

(102) R‬ه ا> ‪Q‬ل "

(103) ) ا‪G‬ج ا‪.m‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا‪%b‬ت ‪ m‬ا ر< و‪)&

(104) $‬ت ‪G$‬ج ‪ 6‬دي‬ ‫و& ‪ )

(105) " $‬ا‪G‬ج ا‪.Q‬‬ ‫أ‪$‬اد ا‪ m‬ا ‪ #%‬وا‪ )9 #% "% R #8‬ا‪.r%‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا>'‪ m‬ا ‪ R‬ا

(106) م " "

(107) ) ا‪.r%‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬. ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪146‬‬ ‫‪151‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪166‬‬ ‫‪167‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪169‬‬ ‫‪172‬‬ ‫‪172‬‬. ‫‪173‬‬ ‫‪176‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪179‬‬ ‫‪203‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪217‬‬ ‫‪219‬‬ ‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪222‬‬.

(108) ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬. ‫‪R‬ر ‪G‬ب ‪ )9‬ا‪ ,Y‬ا ‪. 4‬‬ ‫‪$ 9‬د ا‪ wA‬ا ‪m‬ة ‪ 6‬آ‪Q\ #% 3\ ,‬ف ‪)9‬‬ ‫‪ &-4R‬ا ‪%‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬أه ‪-%‬ات ‪ )9‬ا_ر‪+‬د ا‪ )Q-‬وا‪.$ &o‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا‪%b‬ت ا ‪ Qb‬وا

(109) ‪ %‬اآ ‪ #%‬ف ‪ )9‬ا_‪%‬اد‬ ‫ ا)‪.#‬‬ ‫‪$‬د ا‪o‬ت ا ‪b‬و‪ %‬م ‪2007‬م ‪ 6‬آ‪. {$ r%' " ,‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ " 9‬ا‪ r%‬اه‪ ,‬و اورات ار أ ‪Q‬ل ا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا ‪ #%‬ور‪+‬ت ا ‪ ,‬وا اآ ا ‪#% -% Q-‬‬ ‫ ف & ا)‪.#‬‬ ‫‪$ 9‬د أ‪)9‬م و ‪AAbR‬ت ادات ا‪ m‬وأها‪.6‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬أ< ء ا> ء ا‪ Z- #8‬ن ادات ا‪ m‬و‪RAAbR‬‬ ‫وا ا ا<

(110) ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ا‪%b‬ت ا"

(111) ) ا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬أه ‪-%‬ات ‪ )9‬ا(‪.8‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬أه ‪-%‬ات ‪-" )9‬ء ا

(112) رات‪.‬‬ ‫‪$‬د ا‪o‬ت ا ‪ %9‬ا "‪. %b‬‬ ‫ا ؤى ا )

(113) ‪GY‬ل ا)‪-‬ات ا

(114) د‪.%‬‬ ‫‪R‬ز‪ W‬أ‪ 6‬اد ‪ -$ W %‬ا ‪ (% {$‬ي 'ع ا_‪ 9$‬و‪$‬د‬ ‫ا اآ ‪ 6‬اا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪R‬ز‪ W‬أ‪ 6‬اد ‪ -$ W %‬ا ‪ (% {$‬ي 'ع ا_‪ 9$‬و‪$‬د‬ ‫ا اآ ‪ 6‬ا>ردن‪.‬‬ ‫‪R‬ز‪ W‬أ‪ 6‬اد ‪ -$‬ا ‪ (% ).‬ا ه‪ ,‬ا ‪ % 6‬اآ‬ ‫اا وا>ردن‪.‬‬ ‫‪R‬ز‪ W‬أ‪ 6‬اد ‪ -$ W %‬ا ‪ (% ).‬ا‪ b‬ة ا ‪6 -‬‬ ‫‪ %‬اآ اا وا>ردن‪.‬‬ ‫'‪ )' r‬ا‪QRo‬ق "‪ #‬ا ‪

(115) 6 {$ # 4‬ات أداة ا

(116) س‪.‬‬ ‫'‪ r‬ا‪t‬ت "<‪b‬ام أ<ب أ‪ Q‬آ و'خ ‪)RG‬ق اا‪,4 Y‬‬ ‫‪%‬ل ‪o% #%‬ت ارا<‪.‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(117) 6‬ة ‪

(118) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا‪o‬ول‪.‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(119) 6‬ة ‪

(120) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا‪.'t‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬. ‫‪223‬‬ ‫‪224‬‬ ‫‪225‬‬ ‫‪227‬‬ ‫‪227‬‬ ‫‪228‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪231‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬ ‫‪235‬‬ ‫‪237‬‬ ‫‪238‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬ ‫‪281‬‬ ‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬ ‫‪289‬‬.

(121) ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬. ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(122) 6‬ة ‪

(123) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا‪.t‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(124) 6‬ة ‪

(125) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا ا"‪.W‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(126) 6‬ة ‪

(127) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا‪. %b‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(128) 6‬ة ‪

(129) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا)دس‪.‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪

(130) 6‬ة ‪

(131) 6 #%‬ات ا ل ا)"‪.W‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري وا>ه ا‪,4 )-‬‬ ‫‪%‬ل ‪o% #%‬ت ارا<‪.‬‬ ‫ا <‪ u‬ا)" وا‪ 'o‬اف ا ري ‪o‬ت ارا< ‪R‬‬ ‫ ( ا آ‪.‬‬ ‫'‪ ,R r‬ا‪ #‬ا>‪.‬دي ‪o‬ت ارا< ‪ ( R‬‬ ‫ا آ‪.‬‬ ‫ '‪ r‬ا‪Y‬ر رن ا‪-‬ت &" ل و )‪

(132) (REGW‬ر'ت‬‫ا "ف ‪ R‬ا اآ ا آ' "‪ 6 -‬وق ‪ 6‬آ‪% ,‬ل‬ ‫‪ #%‬ا ‪o‬ت اا إ‪.A.‬‬. ‫‪18‬‬. ‫‪292‬‬ ‫‪296‬‬ ‫‪301‬‬ ‫‪304‬‬ ‫‪306‬‬ ‫‪307‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬ ‫‪316‬‬ ‫‪318‬‬.

(133) ‫ا ‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬. ‫(= ا ?م ا‪ R4‬‬ ‫ان ا ? ا‪*R4‬‬ ‫ه م "ا‪) ,‬أو*ع( ا " ا‪1970 Deno #$ G

(134) ' – \b‬م‪-‬‬ ‫‪ AR‬و‪

(135) R‬ا '‪ r%‬ا "ي ا‪ Q‬دي‬ ‫ا‪ ,4‬ا‪ Z-‬ا)‪8 #‬وي ات ا آ " ن–‬ ‫ا>ردن‬. ‫‪04‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬ ‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪07‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪09‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬. ‫ا‪ + P‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪202‬‬ ‫‪308‬‬. ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ‪% ,4‬ل ‪o% #%‬ت ارا<‬ ‫ا) ‪ 6‬ا اآ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا‪o‬ول ‪ 6‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا‪ 6 't‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا‪ 6 t‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا ا"‪ 6 W‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا‪ 6 %b‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا)دس ‪ 6‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ل ا)"‪ 6 W‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪sGt‬‬ ‫‪ 9 #‬ا <‪m‬ت ا)" ‪o‬ت ‪ 6 %‬آ‪ % ,‬آ ‪#%‬‬ ‫ا اآ ا‪.sGt‬‬. ‫‪19‬‬. ‫‪310‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬ ‫‪312‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪314‬‬ ‫‪314‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬.

(136) ‫‪ L‬س ا=‪n.W‬‬ ‫ر ا=‪n+‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(01‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(02‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(03‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪6‬‬ ‫)‪(04‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(05‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(06‬‬ ‫ا ‪ f‬ر‪9‬‬ ‫)‪(07‬‬. ‫ان ا)‪6‬ول‬ ‫أداة ا

(137) س ‪ $ ,9‬ا‪.4‬‬ ‫أ< ء ‪ -‬ا ‪ # 4‬ودر& ا وأ‪%‬آ‪. $ #‬‬ ‫‪ +‬وط ‪% wY R‬ارس و‪ %‬اآ ‪)<%‬ت ا "‬ ‫وا ة ‪ ,9 #%‬وزارة ا‪ -‬ا‪'9 $ &o‬ن ر‪$‬‬ ‫ا ‪ #9‬ر‪1993 -) 12 9‬م ">ردن‪.‬‬ ‫أداة ا

(138) س "‪A‬ر‪ R‬ا‪.-‬‬ ‫‪ wY R‬ارات ا ا' اآ ا " ا‪\b‬‬ ‫| ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪fmR ( \b‬‬ ‫ا " ا><< ‪ 6‬اا و ا>ردن‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬دة إ‪s‬ت ا

(139) ا(ي‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬دة إ‪s‬ت ا

(140) ا_‪.A.‬‬. ‫‪20‬‬. ‫ا‪ + P‬‬ ‫‪.I‬‬ ‫‪.II‬‬ ‫‪.III‬‬ ‫‪.IV‬‬ ‫‪.V‬‬ ‫‪.XI‬‬ ‫‪.VI‬‬.

(141) ‫ا=‪r$‬‬ ‫"‪-‬ء أداة ‪9‬س

(142) ‪)%‬ى ‪ % $6‬اآ ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ‬ ‫و ا>ردن‬ ‫ا‪ 6 \b‬اا ‬ ‫إ‪6‬اد‪ :‬أ‪.‬دو ‪A-%‬ر‪.‬‬ ‫إ‪ 9‬اف‪ :‬أ‪.‬د "‪9 #‬ة ‪.$‬‬ ‫ه‪ 6‬ارا< ا إ{ "‪-‬ء أداة ‪9‬س

(143) ‪)%‬ى ‪ % $6‬اآ ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي‬ ‫ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪ 6 \b‬اا و ا>ردن و ذ ‪GY #%‬ل ا ف ‪{$‬‬ ‫ا‪Q4‬ت ا " ا‪ E‬ور ‪ 6‬أ‪ AY‬ا‪-‬ط ا آ ا ‪ \Y 34‬و ‪" %‬‬ ‫ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪ 6 \b‬اا و ا>ردن ‪ %$‬و ا ج‬ ‫إ ‪ " R 6‬و ‪ R‬ه‪o‬ء ا> ‪Q‬ل "' و ‪ .‬آ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -$ '4R‬ارا< ‪ " % (39) #%‬و ‪ #% " %‬ا‪ % 6 #%‬اآ ا " ا‪\b‬‬ ‫و ا>ردن ‪ ،‬و

(144) س ‪)%‬ى ‪ $6‬ه‪ 08‬ا اآ ‪ mR R

(145) 6 ،‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬اا ‬ ‫‪

(146) %‬س ‪

(147) 6 (207) #% 3R‬ة ‪o% < 6 t R‬ت ه ‪ :‬ا_دارة ‪ ،‬إدارة ‪,QR‬‬ ‫‪%‬رآ ا>ه‪ ،‬ا "ت و ا‪%‬ن ‪ 6‬ا آ ‪ % ،‬ور ‪ 6 q 6‬ا‪،3A‬‬ ‫ا ‪-‬ج ‪ wAY ،‬ا آ ‪،‬و ا ا "ي‪.‬و ‪ R 9‬ا<‪ b‬اج د‪oo‬ت \ق و‬ ‫‪s‬ت أداة ا

(148) س ه‪ 08‬وآ' ه‪ 08‬ا‪oo‬ت ‪ q>

(149) %‬اض ارا<‪.‬‬ ‫أ ت '‪ r‬ارا< "ن & ‪)<% W‬ت ا " ا‪ \b‬ا ‪" -‬را< ‪6‬‬ ‫‪ . ،‬ه‪-‬ك ‪ 6‬وق ‪ -%‬ذات د‪ o‬إ‪)% 6 A.‬ى ا‪ % #" $Q‬آ‬ ‫ا اش "ا ا\ و‪ %‬آ أم اا‪ #" 9‬ا‪E‬ء ‪ % NA‬آ أم‬ ‫اا‪ .9‬أ‪ 6 &R E‬وق ‪ -%‬ذات د‪ o‬إ‪)% 6 A.‬ى ا‪#" $Q‬‬ ‫‪ %‬اآ ا " ا‪Q | \b‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ "ا وا>ردن‬ ‫‪ & NA‬ا)‪8 #‬وي ات ا آ " ن ‪o% W & 6‬ت ارا<‬ ‫‪،‬آ "‪ -‬ا‪ r-‬أ‪ E‬أن آ‪ ,‬ا‪Q4‬ت ا " ذات أه و* ور ‪, $ 6‬‬ ‫‪ " %‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪ . ، \b‬ا‪ .‬آ‪Q‬ت ا_دارة‬ ‫ا‪ QA‬ا ‪ R‬ا>و{ ‪ . #%‬ا>ه ‪.‬‬ ‫و"‪-‬ءا ‪ {$‬ا‪ r-‬ا)"

(150) ‪ \R‬ا><ذة ا‪ E" t.‬ورة ‪ A

(151) R‬اا‪,%‬‬ ‫ا‪ t‬ا ‪ #4‬أن ‪ 6 )R‬زدة ‪ % $6‬اآ ا " ا‪ 6 \b‬ا ‬ ‫ا "‪ #% ،‬أو ‪-

(152) R‬ت ‪ fmR‬ا‪-‬ط ا آ ا ‪ " # * 34‬ا‪ r%‬ا ‪-‬ه‪r‬‬ ‫ا وار و إدرا&‪-% K‬ج ا‪-‬ط ا آ ا ‪ 6 34‬ا " ا‪\b‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬.

(153) ‫‪-% # * #%‬ه‪ r‬ا وار ‪ 6‬ا‪4‬ت‪ ،‬ا‪%‬ت وا اآ وآ‪,‬‬ ‫ا <)ت ا ‪ 6 9$_" AAb‬اا ‪.‬‬ ‫• ا‪=d‬ت ا= ‪ -01 : .‬ا‪ " % /% -02- $Q‬ا " ا‪-03- \b‬‬ ‫ا‪ - 04-Q4‬ا‪Q4‬ت ا " ‪ -05-‬ا " ا' ا‪ - 06- \b‬ا "‬ ‫ا‪ -07- \b‬ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوو ا‪&.o‬ت ا آ ا‪ % - 08-\b‬اآ‬ ‫ا> ‪Q‬ل ذوي ا‪&.o‬ت ا‪ -09 - \b‬أداة ‪9‬س‪.‬‬. ‫‪RESUME‬‬. ‫‪22‬‬.