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Subject indexing, classification and taxonomy
Subject Indexing,
Classification and Taxonomy
Overview
1. Subject indexing
2. Retrieval based on a term 3. Improving retrieval
Subject indexing
• To facilitate subject access
• The 'aboutness' of the material is ascertained
• Normally used in a bibliographical environment
• For search and retrieval in a library
Synonyms
• You say “neoplasm”; I say “tumor”. • Using a term is not enough.
Controlled vocabulary is needed. • Defining key term and recognizing
synonyms for input or retrieval will improve retrieval.
Homonyms
• Search “Einstein” in Flickr & find…
• When we say “worm”, do we mean “earthworm” or “computer worm”?
Solutions
1. Hierarchy
- 1. computer software > 1.1 worm
- 2. animal > 2.1 annelid > 2.1.1 worm
2. Controlled vocabulary
- Computer worm - Earthworm
3. Synonym ring
Solutions (cont’d)
4. Thesaurus
hierarchy + synonyms + relationships
ex: Neoplasms UF Tumors
UF Cancer
See also Oncogenic viruses See also Carcinogens
5. Authority file
ex: Einstein Albert B USE Einstein Albert 1879 1955
6. Search tool: Boolean
Solutions (cont’d)
7. Search tool: disambiguation
Worm may also refer to:
• Computer worm, a self-propagating malicious software
• Worm (marketing), a market-research technique • Ringworm, a fungal disease of the skin
Solutions (cont’d)
Facets
Classification
• Library/Bibliographic classification
- allocating a call number to provide a known location
• Taxonomic classification
- classifying organisms according to natural and evolutionary relationships.
• Security classification
– allocating one level of sensitivity, with specific clearance requirements.
• Motion picture rating system
Facets & IRAP PROJECT MARKET INDUSTRY TECHNO-LOGY PRODUCT
Nanotube Nanowire NanorodOther
Nanorod Nanoplate Nano-particle Nano-object Particle Other particle Carbon nanotube Other nanotube M. wall c. n’tube S. wall c. n’tube
Hierarchical taxonomy
• Associative relationships between concepts – Do not exhibit hierarchical relationships – Somehow related to another term
– ex:
• Thing/user (float/oceanographer) • Thing/activity (forest/forestry)
• Process/agent (temperature control/thermostat) • Action/product (weaving/cloth)
• Cause/effect (pathogen/infection)
• Things/processes/activites/etc. are similar but different (oratory/public speaking)
Ontology
