ﻲـﻤﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤـﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱄﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻢـﻴﻠﻌـﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ
ﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺔ
ﺝﺎﳊﻭﺍ ﺪﻨﳏ ﻲﻠﻛﺃ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ
ﺑ
ﺓﺮـﻳﻮﺒﻟﺎ
ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ
ﻢﺴﻗ
:
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﻉﺮﻓ
:
ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺺﺼﲣ
:
ﻢﻠﻋ
ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ
ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ
ﳌﺍ
ﰲ ﺮﺘﺳﺎ
ﻢﻠﻋ
ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ
ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ
:
ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺖﲢ
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ
:
-
ﻡﻼﺣﺃ
ﻲﺳﺎﻗ
-ﺦﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ
2011
/
2012
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻴﺳ
ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ
ﺓﺮﺟﺮﺟ ﻥﻮﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﻬﻓ
ــ
ﻳﻮﺘﶈﺍ ﺱﺮ
ـــ
ﺕﺎ
ﺕﺍﺮﻜﺸﺘﻟﺍﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ ﺱﺮﻬﻓ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﳌﺍ ــﻣﺪﻘ ـــ ﺔ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ... أ . ب . ت
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻻﺍ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
:
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻻﺍ
1 . ﻟﺎﻜﺷﻻﺍ ﺔﻴ ... 06 2 . ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ... 07 3 . ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ... ... 07 4 . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ... 08 5 . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ... 08 6 . ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ... ... 09 7 . ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ... 11 8 . ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ... 13 9 . ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ... ... 14
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ
:
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﺪﻴﻬﲤ ... ... .. ... 18 1 . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ... ... 19 1.1 ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ... 19 2.1 . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ... 20 3.1 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﺴﻧﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ... 20 4.1 . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ... 20 5.1 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ... .. 20 2 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ... 22 3 . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ... 23 4 . ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ... ... 25 5 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ... 26
1.5 . ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ... 26 2.5 . ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ... ... .. 27 3.5 . ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ... . 7
4.5 . ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ... 28
5.5 . ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺐﺴﺣ ... 28 6 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ... . 29 1.6 . ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ... . ... 29
2.6 . ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ... 33
7 . ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ... . 37 8 . ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺸﻓ ﱃﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ... .... . 38 ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ... 41
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ
:
ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ
ﺪﻴﻬﲤ ... ... .... ... 43 1 . ﺎﺗ ﺓﺬﺒﻧ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﳜﺭ ... 44 2 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ... 45 3 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ... ... 46 1.3 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗﺎﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... 46 2.3 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... 47 3.3 . ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... ... 48 4.3 . ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﻣﻮﻳ ﱃﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... 49 4 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ... 49 5 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ... ... 50 6 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ... 52 1.6 . ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ... 52 2.6 . ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ... ... 52 3.6 . ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ... 52 7 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ... 53 1.7 . ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ... 53
2.7 . ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻻﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ... 54 8 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ... ... 56 9 . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺎﻬﻬﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ... 58 ﺔﺻﻼﺧ ... 61
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ
:
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﻴﻬﲤ ﺪ ... ... 63 1 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ... 64 2 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ... ... 65 3 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ... 65 4 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ... 66 5 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ... ... 67 1.5 . ﺏﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... 67 2.5 . ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... 71 3.5 . ﲔﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ... ... 74 6 . ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺍ ... 76 7 . ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺎﺑ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ... 78 1.7 . ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ... 78 2.7 . ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ... 80 ﺔـﺻﻼﺧ ... ... .... .... ... ... 83
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺲﻣﺎﳋﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
:
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﲟ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
ﺪﻴﻬﲤ ... ... . ... . 86 1 . ﺓﺮﺟﺮﺟ ﻥﻮﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ... ... 87 2 . ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ... 87 3 . ﺓﺮﺟﺮﺟ ﻥﻮﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ... . 89 4 . ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ... ... 89 5 . ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ... 90 ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ... 94
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻟﺍ
:
ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ
ﺪﻴﻬﲤ ... 96 1 . ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ... 97 2 . ﻢﻬﺘﻓﺩﺎﺻ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ .. ... 99 ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ... 102
ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﻊﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ
:
ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ
ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ
ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺪﻴﻬﲤ ... ... . ... ... . 104 1 . ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ... 106
2 . ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ... 107 3 . ﺬﻫ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫﺎﺿﺭ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻢﻬﻳﺃﺭ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻩ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ... 110 ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍ 112 ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﻻﺍ 113 ﳋﺍ ﲤﺎ ــــ ﺔ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ 114 ﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ــ ﻊ . 117 ﻖﺣﻼﳌﺍ
ﻝﻭﺍﺪــﳉﺍ ﺱﺮــﻬﻓ
ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 1 ( ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻢﺠﳊﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 21 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 2 ( ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 90 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 3 ( ﻦﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 91 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 4 ( ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 92 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 5 ( ﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊ 92 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 6 ( ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ 93 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 7 ( ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ 96 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 8 ( ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻗﺎﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ 97 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 9 ( ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺘﻓﺩﺎﺻ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺎﺑ 98 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 10 ( ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 99 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 11 ( ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ 100 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 12 ( ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺼﺑ ﻢﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 104 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 13 ( ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 105 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 14 ( ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ 106 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 15 ( ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﻼﻫﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﺭﺪﻘﻟ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 107 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 16 ( ﺐﺻﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ 108 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 17 ( ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻫﺎﺿﺭ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻢﻬﻳﺃﺭ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ 109
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ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ
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ﺕﺯﺮﻓﺃ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﺪﻬﺷ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺓ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻛ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﻋﺩ ﺢﺒﺻﺄﻓ ،ﺀﺍﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﻃ ﰲ ﻪﻠﻤﳛ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺎﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﲢ ﺎ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻳﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﳉ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﺇ ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺖﻄﻋﺃ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺪﳒ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ، ﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻌﺼ . ﺖﻄﻋﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺪﳒ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﺓﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﺸﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺮﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺔﻤﺨﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﲤ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺮ ﺓﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻋ ﺎﻣﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ، ﺎﺿﺎﻔﳔﺍ ﻝﻭﺮﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﺖﻓﺮ ﺳﻮﺴﳏ ﺧ ﰲ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻄ ،ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺵﺎﻌﻧﺇ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻋﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺄﳉ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺮ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ، ﻳﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺃ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻨﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻊﳒﺃ ﺔ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺑﺮﲡ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻼﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺎﺑ ﺽﻮﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍ ﱵ ﻋﻹﺍ ﻝﻼ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘ . ﻭ ﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺮ ﻯﻮﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﺖﻛﺭﺩﺃ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺩﺆﺗ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍ ﻭ ﻤﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹ ﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﻋﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺪ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟ ﻲﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻝﻼ ﺎﻬﻬﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﻝﻮﻠﺣ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻮﻫ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻟ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻙﺮﶈﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﳛ ﺎﳌ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻰﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷ ﺍﺮﻀﻧﻭ ، ﻢﻭﺆﺷ ﻰﻋﺮﺗ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻢﳍ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻬﺴﺗﻭ ، ﻮﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻞﻛ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍب ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻐﺸﻟ ﺢﺷﺮﳌﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻘﲢ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ، ﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻹﺍ ﻝﻼ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﱴﺣ ﻭ ،ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﺔﻠﻫﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺽﻮﻤﻐﻟﺍ . ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺪﺴﺠﺘﺗ ﺕﺃﺪﺑ ﺫﺇ ،ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻇﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﺎﻣﺪﻘﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺳ ﲏﺒﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺔ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻬﻓ ،ﺓﺮﻄﺴﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻄﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺓﻮﻄﺧ . ﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭ ﻑﺪ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﳍﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ ،ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ،ﻪﺟﻭ ﻞﻤﻛﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﺼﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ،ﺎﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﺎﻬﺒﻌﺻﺃ ﻭ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ . ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﰲ ﻭ ، ﺎﻨﺼﺼﺧ ﲔﺒﻧﺎﺟ : ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ . ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﻔﺗ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻧ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﱃﺇ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻬ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻋﻮﺒﺘﻣ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻭ ،ﻊﺒﺘﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ . ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﻭﺪﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﰎ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺽﺮﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ . ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﲔﻴﺒﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﺎ ﺕﺮﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ .
ت ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﱃﺇ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻃﻭﺮﺷ ﻭ ﺎ ﺮﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ . ﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﲟ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺚ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻨﺳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ .
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1
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ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ
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ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺒﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﻘﲢ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻴﲤ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺖﻛﺭﺩﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻭ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ " ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ 77 % ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﱄﺎﲨﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ " 1 ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﳒ ﻡﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻤﻓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﺗ ﻲﻜﻟ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺞﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺊﻔﻛﺃ ﻭ ﺭﺪﺟﺃ ﺐﻠﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﻡﺃ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺓﲑﻐﺻ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻌﺿﻭﻭ ﺔﻠﻫﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻠﻛﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻬﳊﺎﺼﲟ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺞﻣﺪﻨﺗ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺀﻻﻮﻟﺎﺑ . ﲔﻴﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺗ ﻒﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ،ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﻌﺑ ﺬﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻭ ،ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺎ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻝﻭﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻓ ﻫ ﺮﻳﺪﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﱄﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻙﺮﶈﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﻷ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺐﻫ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﺑ ﻢﺘ ﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ،ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﻞﺜﻣﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﲟ ﺍﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻐﺸﻟ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺊﻔﻛﺃ ﺏﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ ،ﻢﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻢﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻢﱪﺧ
- www.tanmia.ma/article.Php3 ?id- article=21325 1
- 7 - ﻠﻋ ﻭ ،ﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻞﺜﲟ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻪﻴ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺪﺑ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ : - ﻧ ﺍﺫﺎﻣ ﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﲏﻌ ﺎﻬ ؟ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ 1 ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ؟ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ 2 ؟ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﺗ ﻞﻫ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﻻﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﺤﻨﺳ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟ ﻭ :
2
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ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ
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ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ . - ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧ .
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ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ
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ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ " ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺳ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ " ﱃﺇ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ : ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ . ﰲ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﻫ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻮﺣ ﰲﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ . ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﺛﺍﺪﺣ .
- 8 - ﻻﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍ ﺎﳌ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻲﺼﺼﲣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﻳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ .
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ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ
:
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ – ﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺓ – ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻮﻛ ﱃﺇ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﳓ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺮﻬﻈﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ . ﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺩﺆﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ . 5 .ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ
:
ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺚﲝ ﻱﺃ ﻮﻠﳜ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺺﺨﻠﺘﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍﻭ : ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠﺴﺗ . ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ .- 9 -
6
.
ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ
:
1.6
.
ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
:
ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﲔﺤﺷﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ،ﲔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﺇ ﰒ ﺕﻼﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻐﺸﻟ ﺢﻠﺼﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﻴﻌﺘﺑ . 1 ﻲﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ : ﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺘﻗﻻ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺬﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﲏﻌﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻏﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﱄﻮﺘﻟ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻣﺯﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ .2.6
.
ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
:
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ " ﺃ ﻢﺳﺭ ﰲ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﺃ ﻑﺍﺪﻫ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﳒﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ". 2 ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻲﺋﺍﺮﺟﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ : ﻞﺜﲤ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﻭﺮﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺎﳌ ﺎﳍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﰲ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ .3.6
.
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ
ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ
ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ
:
ﻭ ﲏﻌﻧ ﺎ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ " ﱵﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﺎﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﰲ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻗﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺎﻬﺒﺗﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺟﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﻔﲢﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺤﺻ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﺧ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻻﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺺﻨﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺔﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ". 3 1 -بﯾﺑﺣ ،فﺎﺣﺻﻟا مﺟﻌﻣ ةرادإ دراوﻣﻟا ﺔﯾرﺷﺑﻟا و نوؤﺷ ،نﯾﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺑﺗﻛﻣ ،نﺎﻧﺑﻟ ص 74 2 - ﻦﺴﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ،ﻁﻮﻠﺑ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ،ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻁ 1 ، ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ 2002 ،ﻡ ﺹ 17 3 -ﺡﻼﻓ ﻦﺴﺣ ،ﲏﺴﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ،ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ،ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻁ 1 ، ﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻭ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ 2006 ، ﺹ 233- 10 - ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻲﺋﺍﺮﺟﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ : ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﰲ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻯﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ،ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﰲ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺍ ،ﲔﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ .
4.6
.
ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ
ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ
:
ﲑﺸﻳ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ " ﱃﺍ ﻉﻮﻤﳎ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﺎ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻮﳓ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻐﺸﻳ ﻭ ،ﻪﻓﻭﺮﻇ ﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ " 1 ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻲﻣﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻠﻟ ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ : ﲏﻌﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺒﺣﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﲔﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲔﺑ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻤﳉﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﺎ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ .5.6
.
ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ
ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ
ﻭ
ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ
:
ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﺃ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻌﻠﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺍﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ،ﲑﻐﺻ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺸﺗ ﻞﻗﺃ ﻦﻣ 250 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ .6.6
.
ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺓﱪﳋﺍ
ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ
:
ﺪﺼﻘﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ .7.6
.
ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ
ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ
:
ﻮﻫ ﺪﳊﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻳ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻠﻴﺼﲢ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ . 1 - ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﺭﺪﺑ ﺏﺎﻬﺷ ،ﻱﺪﻟﺎﳋﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻁ 1 ، ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻣﺎﺳﺃ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻭ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ – ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ 2011 ،ﻡ ﺹ 239- 11 -
7
.
ﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ
ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴ
:
1.7
.
ﻊﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ
:
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻛﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﳝ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﻓ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺎﻌﺒﺘﻣ ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺚﲝ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻥﺇ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﻠﻫﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ " ﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﻈﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻓ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺟﻼﻋ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻭ ﺎﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﻧ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻠﻟ " 1 ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻲﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﻪﺜﲝ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ " ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺎﺑ ﺪ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻣ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﳝﺪﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﺔﺤﺻ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻑ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻒﺸﻛ ﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺎ ﻒﺼﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺛﺃ " 2 ﻪﻧﺃ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ " ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﳏ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺎﲟ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰎ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻳ " 3 ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﻣ ﻰﺷﺎﻤﺘﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻧﺄﳉ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﻮﻄﺧ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﺻﻮﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻮﺑ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﺫﺇ ،ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ .1 ﻁ ،ﻪﺘﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻪﺴﺳﺃ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻱﻭﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ 1 ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ، 2 -ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻖﻴﻔﺷ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﳋﺍ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ 2001 ﺹ ، 87 3 -ﻁ ،ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﳏ 2 ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻞﺋﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 1989 ﺹ ، 46
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2.7
.
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﲨ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ
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ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ . 1.2.7 . ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ : ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﲨ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻡﺪﻗﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ " ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺎﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﺎﻫﺎﲡﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﺳ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺎﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﻈﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﻄﳐ ﻭ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ " 1 ﺃ ﺎ ﺪﺼﻘﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻥ " ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﲟ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺪﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﲔﻌﻣ " 2 ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﲢ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ . 2.2.7 . ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﳍﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﺪﻴﻔﺗ ﺚﻴﲝ ، ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻕ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺱﺮﳒﺃ ﺲﻳﺭﻮﻣ " ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﲨ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﲔﺛﻮﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺀﺎﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺚﲝ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷ " 3 ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺪﻳﺯ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺎﺃ " ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﳉ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺚﲝ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻋﻮﻴﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﲨ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ 1 - ﺹ ،ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ 63 2 - ﺕﺰﻋ ﺕﺩﻮﺟ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻪﻗﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ،ﻱﻮﻃ 2007 ﺹ ، 121 3 - http:// www.communication.akbarmontada.com/t463-topic- 13 - ﻞﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻟﺀﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻫ " 1 ﺽﺮﻐﺑ ﺔﻳﺪﳉﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺘﲤ ،ﲔﺛﻮﺤﺒﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻣ ﺔﺛﺩﺎﳏ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ . 3.2.7 . ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ : ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻥﺫﺇ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺺﲣ " ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﲔﻌﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﲔﺛﻮﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ " 2 ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻢﺍﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻢﺎﻫﺎﲡﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ . ﻭ ﺄﳉ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ، ﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻥﻮﺛﻼﺛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺛﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﺫﺇ ،ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻳﺯﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻭ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻧ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻭ ،ﻪﻇﺎﻔﻟﺃ ﻭ ﻩﲑﺑﺎﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﻪﺘﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻤﻠﻟ ﻝﺎﺍ ﻙﺮﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺣﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻭﺎﳏ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺭ : ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ : ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ : ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﻼﻫﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﳏ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ : ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺑ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ : ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ
8
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ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ
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ﻭ ،ﺎﻣ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﻳ ﲔﺣ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻘﻠﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻧﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﳓ ﺓﺮﺟﺮﺟ ﻥﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﺛﻼﺛ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺔﺋﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺩﺪﻋ ﻎﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ 137 ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻑﺪ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷ ﻞﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺢﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ،ﻼﻣﺎﻋ 1 - IBID 2 - ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ،ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﳏ 63- 14 - ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﲔﻌﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺖﲤ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ 70 ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺑ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺯﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺀﻻﺩﻺﻟ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ .
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ﺪﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭ
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1.9 . ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ – ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻄﻔﻧ – ﺔﻨﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ 2005 -2006 ﺪﻬﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺀﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ INPS ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺀﺎﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﲝﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ . ﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻬ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻝﺎﻄﻔﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ : ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﺔﻠﺼﳏ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻂﻴﶈﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ . ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺪﺘﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﲡﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻄﳋﺍ ﻢﺳﺮﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻭﻭ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ 1 2.9 . ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﻋﺃ ﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻭ ، ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻕﺎﻓﺃ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﻭﺪﻳ ﺎﻮﻤﻀﻣ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ . ﻢﺘﻫﺍﻭ 1 -ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ،ﺀﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﳌﺍ ،ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﺮﻤﻋ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ 2006 ﻡ
- 15 - ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ . ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺮﺟ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ،ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ 2002 -2003 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻭ ، ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎ . ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﺘﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻧﺍ : ﺡﺮﻄﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻫ ﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ؟ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻛ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ؟ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺵﺎﻌﻧﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ؟ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺪﻘﺘﻔﺗ ﻱﺃ ،ﻯ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ . ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺖﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻜﻣﺎﻨﻳﺪﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ ﺚﻴﲝ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﲢ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻮﻬﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ،ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﺚﻌﺒﻟ ﺎﻫﺫﺎﲣﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﱵ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻘﶈﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ . 1 3.9 . ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﻋﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻕﻭﺯﺮﻣ ﺪﲪﺃ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﲢ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻯﺮﺟﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﲔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺮﺛﺃ Todini ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺺﺼﲣ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ،ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ 2008 -2009 . ﻮﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﺪﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻞﻫ ﻭ ؟ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﰲ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﺗ 1 ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ،ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ،ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ، ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ،ﻒﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ 2002 - 2003 ﻡ
- 16 - ﻩﺎﲡ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﲤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻣﻮﻴﺳﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﻞﻫ ﻭ ؟ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﳉ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻛ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻉﺯﻭ 437 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ . ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﱄﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃﻭ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ،ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﺍ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺏﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﻹﺍ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺎﳍﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﰒ ،ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ،ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﰲ ،ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺝﺎﻣﺪﻧﻻﺍ ﺹﺮﻓ ﻢﳍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﳏ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﺑﺎﳚﺇ ﻥﻮﺑﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳﻭ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﻞﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﰲ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﱀﺎﺻ ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ . 1 1 -ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻟ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ،ﲔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻕﻭﺯﺮﻣ ﺪﲪﺃ ، ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 2008 - 2009 ﻡ
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ
ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ - 18 -
ﻴﻬﲤ
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ﺪ:
ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺳﻭ ﺐﺼﻨﻳ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﻉ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ . ﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺳﻭ ﺐﺼﻨﻳ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻹﺍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺎﳌ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ،ﻉ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ . ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﳓ ﻭ ﺪﲢ ﻭ ﺎﳍﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﻳ ﻭ ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻋﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﲤ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﲡ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺴﻧ .
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ - 19 - 1
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ﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻡ
ﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓ
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ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻑﺮﻋ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻳ ﻒ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺚﻴﲝ ، ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻭ ﺎﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﻷ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺮﻇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻟ ﲔﺒﺘﻳ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﺒﺴﻧ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻡﻮ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ " ﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﲑﻳﺎﻌ " 1 ﳌﺎﻓ ، ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌ ﻒﻨﺼﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﺠﻨﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﻝﺎﳌﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﺤﻛ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺣﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻂﳕ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ . ﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻤﻓ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻯﺮﺧﻷ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺪﳒ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ : 1.1 . ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ : ﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺎﻓ ﺎﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘ " ﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﱵﻟ ﺎ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ 250 ﱃﺇ ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻭ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ 1500 ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﻻ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﲔﻳﻼﻣ ﺔﻌﺴﺗ ". 2 ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ' ﺍﻭﺪﻴﺗﻮﻴﻟﺍ ' ﺎﺃ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ " ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ 10 ﻞﻗﺃ ﻭ ، ﻝﺎﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ 50 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ " 3 . ﺔﻨﳉ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﻌﺑ ﺬﺧﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ : " _ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺮﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ . _ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﳏ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﳌﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﲑﺑﺪﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ . 1 - ﱐﻮﺧ ﺢﺑﺍﺭ - ﻁ ، ﺎﻬﻠﻳﻮﲤ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ، ﱐﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻗﺭ 1 ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻙﺍﺮﺘﺑﺍ، 2008 ﺹ ، 19 . 2 - ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺘﻜﳌﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ،ﺪﲪﺃ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﻩﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ 2005 ﺹ ، 54 . 3 - ﺹ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ 57 .ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ - 20 - _ ﳏ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﻴﻠ ، ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻭ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺎﻘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ " 1 ، ﺍﺬﻫ ﲑﺑﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﺘﳝ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ . 2.1 . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔ: ﺳﺆﳌﺎﻓ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴ "ﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻮﻟ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﺃ ﺎ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ 200 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ " 2 . ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ 200 ﻞﻣﺎﻋ . 3.1 . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﺴﻧﺮﻓ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔ: ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﰲ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ 04 ﻱﺮﻔﻴﻓ 1959 ﺄﺑ ﺎ " ﻞﻛ ﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﺃ ﻒﻇﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆ 500 ﻚﻧﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻣ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺎﳍﺎﻣ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ " 3 4.1 . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ : ﺎﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺮﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﳒ ": ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻋ ﻞﻘﻳ ﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺻ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻭ ،ﻢﺎﺴﳊ ﻥﻮﻠﻤﻌﻳ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﺩ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ 100 ﻪﻴﻨﺟ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻣ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻞﻘﻳ ﻭ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ". 4 5.1 . ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ : ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻐﻛ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺺﳜ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻘﻟ ﻲﲰﺭ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻞﺠﺴﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﻄ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﶈﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻐﺑ ، ﺾﻌﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﺟﺭ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟ ﻲﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺴﻣﺎﳋﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﳒ " ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻐﺸﺗ 50 ﱃﺇ 250 1 - ﺹ ،ﺔﻨﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ، ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻟﺍ ،ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﲑﲰ ﻡﻼﻋ 5 -6 . 2 - ﺹ ، ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ، ﺪﲪﺃ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﻩﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﺤﺘﻓ 54 . 3 -ﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻛ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ،ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﺳ ﻱﺪﻤﺤﻠﺑ ﻉﺮﻓ،ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﻴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ،ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ . ﺹ ،ﺓﺪﻴﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ 7 . 4 ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻮﺘﻛﺩ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ ،ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲤ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺸﻳﺮﻗ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ 2004 -2005 ﺹ ، 25 .