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A S S O C I A T I O N O F C A N A D A L A N D S S U R V E Y O R S - B O A R D O F E X A M I N E R S W E S T E R N C A N A D I A N B O A R D O F E X A M I N E R S F O R L A N D S U R V E Y O R S A T L A N T I C P R O V I N C E S B O A R D O F E X A M I N E

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ASSOCIATION OF CANADA LANDS SURVEYORS - BOARD OF EXAMINERS WESTERN CANADIAN BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR LAND SURVEYORS ATLANTIC PROVINCES BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR LAND SURVEYORS ---

SCHEDULE I / ITEM 4

APPLIED PHOTOGRAMMETRY and REMOTE SENSING

February 2000 (1990 Regulations) This examination consists of 11 questions on 2 pages (Closed Book) Time: 3 hours Marks

Applied Photogrammetry

1. Briefly explain the following terms:

• Principal point

• Base-height ratio

• Collinearity condition

• Coplanarity condition

10

2. How many 1:10,000 aerial photographs would be required to provide complete stereo coverage of a rectangular project area 8 kilometers long by 12 kilometer wide? For this project, you are using a standard aerial camera with a focal length of 152.00 mm and a 230 by 230 mm format. The forward overlap is specified as 60%

and the sidelap is specified as 30%.

15

3. Draw a sketch of a vertical photograph over a variable terrain and demonstrate the formula used to compute the scale at a point P whose elevation above the datum is h.

5

4. a) What is the main goal of aerial-triangulation? Briefly describe one aerial- triangulation method.

b) Briefly describe the benefits of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to aerial- triangulation.

15

5. List the characteristics you would look for if you were going to buy a digital camera for geomatics-related work?

5

(2)

Remote Sensing

6. Briefly explain the following terms:

• Atmospheric window

• Spectral Reflectance

• Spatial resolution

• SLAR

• False-color composite

• Image enhancement

• Radiometric calibration

10

7. Black bodies are idealized substances that emit at the maximum rate allowed by thermodynamic laws. Natural materials are not as efficient at converting internal energy to radiant EM energy.

a) What equation is used to model the emitted radiation from a black body?

b) Define the quantity used to describe the emission from natural materials

10

8. What are the factors involved in remote sensing image acquisition that affect the image geometry?

5

9. • What is a low pass filter used for?

• What is a principal component analysis (PCA) used for?

• Explain the main differences between the TM sensor on the LANDSAT and the HRV sensor onboard the SPOT satellite.

10

10. How can the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) be used to monitor the evolution of a growing crop from soil reflectance to vegetation reflectance?

5 11. The following is a sample of a remote sensing image:

5 4 4

6 7 5

10 7 7

What is the smoothed value at the central point using the following filters:

a) Mean b) Median

c) The following smoothing mask

1 1 1

1 2 1

1 1 1

10

Total Marks: 100

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