Putting Polyhedral Loop Transformations to Work

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00071681

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071681

Submitted on 23 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents

Putting Polyhedral Loop Transformations to Work

Cédric Bastoul, Albert Cohen, Sylvain Girbal, Saurabh Sharma, Olivier Temam

To cite this version:

Cédric Bastoul, Albert Cohen, Sylvain Girbal, Saurabh Sharma, Olivier Temam. Putting Polyhedral

Loop Transformations to Work. [Research Report] RR-4902, INRIA. 2003. �inria-00071681�

(2)

ISRN INRIA/RR--4902--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 1

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Putting Polyhedral Loop Transformations to Work

Cédric Bastoul — Albert Cohen — Sylvain Girbal — Saurabh Sharma — Olivier Temam

N° 4902

Juillet 2003

(3)

(4)

24365798;:=<?>A@+BDCFEG;HDI,J(K,G;LNM67+B24CFOMQP(HRJNSTGVUA>W8;PYXZ8;7[L>AG]\^H`_JaS1>WE7D>AL1ObSO>A7[cd>FHZJ

efGg8gU8;MQ74hiM6cd>Ac

\

j*kmlDnpo=qsrutsv&w o`x6yFz#oD{|w }Aw{ lDnpo&w

~ 6oD{|4

t4x61{so? o& kmoD kmoryoD{?,rufx6o&w

R&` Q¡¢£4¤ o?w o&oD¥Z{ o[zF{ oDm={kmo4w &o4x6m#o[¦=DoDmD}R6§N{ oD+x6{¨o?&nZVx6{{ o& kF©

ªWymo&w?«}¬w o`x6 km{}§®4{kmofnpw {x6 Vx6{ op +x6n¯{+x6mw°§®n=x6{±xQ©

+x6npoD{ oD w«y{*§] {kmo4npw{|x6 Vx6{ o{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mw{kmoDnpw oD¨o&w`²m oD¨oD³§® &nf©

w{mwZ6§4{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mwµ´·¶mf{kx6{Zyw o²¹¸ºo#mo&o&b{ »mm¼xdoDmoD¸*x&}b{

o[zF o&w w| +x6n½{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw?x6m&nZw{mws6§{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´ ¾^{kw4x6{¿©

Do²¸ºof{ AFym&o=x=§;+x6npoD¸º¥¬§]?{kmo1}Akmo&F+x6 oD o&w oDW{+x6{·6§*xR¸ of+x6oZ6§

+x6n/{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw|ÀxZy¿»o&Àx6moDmoD,¸ºx`}´ ¤ o,x6w =wkm`¸Á{kx6{|{sww°©

w «o?{ foDmoD+x6{ oo[¦=DoD{4&WoxQ§]{ oD{kmox6`x6{¬6§}Wkmo&F+x6N +x6nÂ{+x6mw°§®°©

n=x6{mwµ´¶Ãx6}²A¸ºosoDnpmw{+x6{ ox6#nZoDnpoD{+x6{6§N{kmos +x6nÄ{+x6mw°§]n=x6{

§]+x6npoD¸Å¥x6m³{kmo&Wo?oDmoD+x6{d{ o& kªWymo&w|³{kmo,ÆsoD6WÇÆ4tÈÉ&nZoD`´

ÊËÌÍ Î,Ï QÐ£ sy{ n=x6{ x6+x6oDÑµx6{a²W{nZÑµx6{a²WAZmo&w{ w`²}Wkmo&F+x6{+x6mw©

§®n=x6{mw`²m&Ao?oDmoD+x6{

Ò¹ÓÔiÕ9ÖØ×[ÙQÚWÛQÜ;ÝÃÞÃÜ;ÓÞN×&ßà&Ù6á°âQß°×[ÙµÖ®ã

äå

Þ¹æ;ç6è,ÛµéâQêìëDáíÖØî®êïã;ð|×9ñFòáíÖØîØó+êìôõôìá°î

ö÷

ÞNÜ^Û

å

ó+ÖØêìîÃçµ×9ÙQãØøséâ6êìëDá^ÖØî®êìãgð

ù ÷

Ü]çQúÛ6ûüÓÀçQó9ßíôýó°ð

(5)

Ã $

£ ymws+kmoD kmmwpvD{ oDmF oìx6`x6«{ vfoD{|ïo[¦=`xD{ vfo&ws{ o& kªWymo&w?o

&nZVx6{#{ vD+x6{¨o&w`²FoD=+kmoD kx6{ m#w oDyoDnpoD{ºo&wÅx6+x6nplD{ o&wÅo|{+x6mw°§]n=x6{

o&w4ymwx6 v&w`²an=x6w?x6ymw+w o&wsnpoDoDy o&w{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mwoDo&wsnDnpo&wµ²(¨ oo&w

&nZw{mwZo#{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´~yp&oDVxF²mymwpx&¨mwf«o&w bymo³v&D{y o#v[©

mvDªWymo,1y4o[zAnpoD?o&w4{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mw?oD{?o&ws&nZw{mw?o{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`´

x6mwp&oD{#x6{Do²*mymwp{ AFyw mw=y `xF ovDmvD+x6ypVxÀ oD v&w+oD{+x6{ 1}W©

v&FªWymo?ymo4Vx6o4DVxw+w osos{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`²o4n=x6lD o4y¿»v&ooD{ÅvDmvDªWymo´ ymw

npW{ mwvDx6oDnpoD{,ªyo&w{41w+w«ofovDmvD oDFy±&Aoo[¦=`x&opx6 l&wx6`x6{

o&w?{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw,of +x6nZnpo&w`´F»ma²(mymwv&D¨mwymofnZvDnpoD{+x6{ o

&o¬`xF o¬vDmvD+x6oD{#oÀw o&wR{ o& kªWymo&wodvDmvD+x6{ oÀ&Wo¬mx6mw#o¬&nZVx6{ oDy

ÆsoD6WÇÆ4tÈ4´

ÁÏ ` Í ¢ À£ ~ x6+x6vDw+x6{·x6y{ n=x6{ªWymo²N{nZw+x6{a²(wo«ymDo&w`²1{+x6mw°§®°©

n=x6{mw|1}v&FªWymo&w`²vDmvD+x6{¬o&Wo

(6)

/ 0

s N

Æs{nZÑ&x6mx6+x6oDÑ&&nZoD ws§Øx&o,x={ yk¬+kx6oDo´ 4ymo,{ p{kmoD4nZxD{

Z AFymD{¨A{ }px6mZ{+x6«{}² +x6nZnpoD wº6§kkF©Ø1oD°§®n=x6m&osx6`x6{mwi¸ºx6{

&nZoD w{ Àx6y{ n=x6{`x6}Y AFym&o=ªWyx6{ }Y&Ao# x¸ op+x6o6§|x6 k{ o&D{y o&w`´

1 n,y{+x6mo&ymw}²32¬W o ïw4Vx`¸ mF o&D{}yo&w4{kmoZx6 k{ o&D{ w{ R«yÀ&nZo[zÀx6 k¿©

{ o&D{y o&wi¸ {k=o&oDoD¹1oDmo&wºx6m54;mpy¿§®n76 npoDnp}fkoD+x6 ko&wµ²¸ oD¹oDmoD+x6¿©

yw o#x6m·oDn,«1o&o& & o&w¸ {k·Dymw{ oD o&·y{ wZx6mYwo&DyVx6{¨oRw {ymD{y o&w`´s©

o&w+w¨o +x6n {+x6mw§]n=x6{mwÅ{+x6oD{x6+x6oDwn x6mZnpoDnp}ZkoD+x6 ko&wºkx`¨o

n=x6{y o&Zw m&oÅ{kmoº»m w {n=x6Wyx6m{ o& kªWymo&w`²«y{{kmo*w{+x6{ &w {npAoDw nZoDnpoD{ o&=

&nZoD w?kx`¨opxRkx6 d{npoZ&¸ {k±+x6F}dmD o`xwx6 k{ o&D{y op&nZo[zF{ }´

tso&&oD{, o&w o`x6 k·¸Å¥Fw{ oD+x6{¨ox6mÀ§®o&o&F«x ¥W© F o&D{ o& {nZÑµx6{mw98q%:Åw yo&w{

{kx6{f+xD{`x6x6 x kmo&wp«xw o&·F}Ax6nZ²Ø´ïo´²¹o[zo&Dy{F©Ø{npo²¹F§®n=x6{`x6

«oD{{ oD kx6mo&w ws&nZo[zx6 +k{ o&D{y o&w`´

ÈÅy oD{,x6 x+kmo&w{ { oD+x6{¨op{nZÑµx6{mwymwyx6}d+kmWw opx#+x6{kmoDw n=x6¹w oD{

6§ +x6nÂ{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`²mo´m´²`x kmo{#x6mx6+x&}xFm²x6m#§®WDymw|»mmA©

³{kmo«o&w{?1w+w«of{+x6mw°§®n=x6{±x6+x6npoD{ oD w`²No´m´²({oZw Ñ`ofx6mÀxFdwÑ`o;8ì<:

ymw x6+x6npoD{ oDfw o`x6 kbwx&oZ{ o&+kªymo&w`´5=sµ¸ÅoD¨oD`²¹x³ o&&oDW{&nZx6+x6{¨ow{ymF}±6§

npAoD¿©Ø«xw o& ¨Fw`´ÃoDnZ`x6s{nZÑµx6{mw>8ì:w{ o&w w o&w{kx6{fn=x6}·np{¨x6{mwf§®{°©

oD+x6{¨o²1§®o&o&F«x ¥W© F o&D{ o&F}Ax6nZ{nZÑµx6{mw,x6 o, oDoD¨x6{¸ kmoDÀ{kmo oD

{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw4x6 om{sx&¨x6Vx6«o´

¤ {kZy o&w o`x6 kZ ya²¸ºo*¸ºx6W{{ 4o[zF{ oDm{kmoÅw+&1o x6mfo[¦=DoDmD},6§{ oD+x6{¨o

&nZVx6{À{ o&+kªymo&w?«W}n=x6¥W#{kmo, +x6n/{+x6mw§]n=x6{À{ w oD¿§Åmo6§¹{kmo,xQ©

+x6npoD{ oD wµ²Aw+{kx6{*w o`x6 kZ{kmosx6+x6npoD{ oDwx&osnpo`x6mwº«1{kR»mmFf{kmo?x6 Vx6{ o

+x6n"{+x6mw°§®n=x6{ x6m{kmox6 Vx6{ od +x6n {+x6mw°§®n=x6{ x6+x6npoD{ oD w`´

2¬ o&`¨oD`²¹¸ÅoR¸ºx6{f{ ¬w o`x6 k·§®,&nZw{6§ +x6n {+x6mw§]n=x6{mwZx6m·m{

}ÀwoZ +x6n {+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´p¶m{kx6{y1w o²N¸ÅoZmo&o&{ ³kx&¨o=x³oDmoD

npoD{kmA§]?o[zA o&w+w= +x6n){+x6mw°§®n=x6{mwx6md&nZw{±6§¹{kmw o²(x6md{kw

npoD{kmAwkmy«ox6npoDx6«o{ px6+x6npoD{ oDsw o`x6 +kwx&o?{ o& kªWymo&w`´

j*kw?x6{DoW{ WFym&o&wx=y¿»o&d§;+x6npoD¸º¥§®snZoDnpoDW{ +x6n){+x6mw°§®°©

n=x6{mwµ²mx6m#&nZw{6§N +x6n {+x6mw§]n=x6{mw x,oDmoD?¸ºx`}´¹j*kwº§]+x6npo[©

¸º¥Y oDo&wZxd1}Akmo&F+x6* oD o&w oD{+x6{ 6§sWmwZx6m Wb{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´@?º}

w+oDx6+x6{±{kmo{ oD+x6{ n=x6mwf§] n {kmo³w {+x6{ oDnpoD{Rx6mb{ oD+x6{ w+ kmo&Fyo&w`²ºx6m

«W}±oDx6«oD°©w{+x6{ oDnpoD{,{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mwµ²N{kw oD o&w oD{+x6{x&¨w,n=x6}±6§*{kmo

nZ{+x6{mwR6§s{ oD+x6{F©Ø«xw o& +x6n {+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`²º¸ oDmwZ{kmow oD{Z6§?1w+w«o

+x6nÄ{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mwºx6m= `¨Ao&w x?x6+x6npoD{ oDÑ`o&o[zA o&w w R6§( +x6n{+x6mw©

§®n=x6{mw`´Às{kmykx§®oD¸W¨x6Vx6W{ wp&mw{+x6b{kmoRw+o`x6 kwx&o² ¸Åo#«oDoD¨o#{kw

(7)

oDmoD=o[zA o&w w 6§º +x6n¯{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw,wx6 Vx6{ oZ§®w}Fw{ oDn=x6{pw o`x6 +k

w x&o?{ o& kªWymo&w`´

j*kmo& o&wmFw o`x6 k={ o& kªWymo&wºx6 o y{i6§{kmo w &o6§{kwi¸Å¥px6mf¸ m«o

W¨o&w{x6{ o&±x=§]µ¸*©Øy·x6{Do´j*kw?¸º¥d o&w+oD{ w{kmomDo&w6§*yy¿»o&

§]+x6npoD¸Å¥x6m³{kmo»m w{x6{|6§ { w nZoDnpoD{+x6{a´*sw ²wm&o}Akmo&F+x6a{+x6mw°§®°©

n=x6{Y{ o& kªWymo&w`x6±«oD{{ oDx&&nZnpWmx6{ oR&nZo[zÀ&W{ Åw{ymD{y o&w{kx6Y{+xF¿©

{x61AF©Ø«xw o&={+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`²A¸ºo4w {+x6{i¸ {k³x6#oDnZ`x6(w{ymF}p6§N&W{ w {ym[©

{y o&wÅ¸ {k³xw oD{º6§a«1oDm+kn=x6¥Aw`´ij*kmo §®yÅ¥oD}=xwo&D{ wi6§Nyº o&w o`x6 +kR¸º¥Rx6 o4°q 6

oDnZ`x6}poD¨x6yx6{{kmosw &o6§(1}Akmo&F+x6m +x6nÄ{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mwµ² 4® 6 o[»m

x¬+xD{`x6s{+x6mw°§®n=x6{ oD¨A npoD{#«xw o&¼ x±1}Akmo&F+x6 oD o&w oDW{+x6{a² 4® 6

w km`¸ {kx6{?{sw4w w«o,{ RoDmoD+x6{ ofo[¦=DoDW{&Wo§; n¯x=1}Akmo&F+x6 {+x6mw°§®n=xQ©

{a²34;6inZoDnpoDW{={kmo41}Akmo&F+x6( oD o&w oDW{+x6{¬x6m&Wo4oDmoD+x6{{ o&+kªymo

xZ o`x6a&nZoD`²1ÆsoD6WÇÆ4t È 8:´

¨oD{yx6}² y§]+x6npoD¸Å¥oD+x6{ o&w,x6{,x6 x6«mw{+xD{w oDn=x6W{`x6ioD¨oD¹{ ³kop{kmo

oD{+x6w6§{kmo#&{ w{ymD{y o&w`²+x6{kmoD{kx6 xw}A{+xQz{ o&o´dj*kw,o`xw+o&w{kmoRo[©

w Éx6m nZoDnpoD{+x6{ 6§&nZo[z +x6n {+x6mw°§]n=x6{mwµ²|wym+kÉxw&n«mo&

w+ kmo&Fyox6m·mx6{+xQ©ØVx`}y{ o& oD 8<:´ ¤ oRx6w ¬o[»mmo=ymw+o[§;yºo[zA{ oDmwmw6§|o[zFw{°©

³{ o&+kªymo&wµ²Nwym+k·xw?1oD°© w {+x6{ oDnpoD{x6mÀ¨oD w9x6{oZ{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw{kx6{n=x6¥of§®oD¸

xw+wynZ{mw³x6«1y{&{ w{ymD{y o&wx6m W «ymw`´ÁÈºmw o&ªWymoD{}²s¸ ko¬y

§]+x6npoD¸Å¥ wf{Vx6} o`x6 o&b{ `¸ºx6 ¼{ oD+x6{¨o{nZÑµx6{¼{ o& kªWymo&w`²Å{Z`x6 x6w

§ØxD{+x6{ o,{kmonZoDnpoDW{+x6{Y6§iw{+x6{`x6}F¨oDÀ +x6n){+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw?Àxp{+xQ©

F{x6Ã{nZÑ&R&nZoD`´

j*kmoÅx6oDwx6Ñ`o&pxwÃ§®`¸w`´ ¤ oº o&w oD{ {kmo*oDnZ`x6x6x6}Fww 6§w{+x6{º&F©

{ w{ymD{y o&wi 1 o&D{#x6mRFw Dymw w{kmoDºw¿»`x6m&op{^}W`x6«1oDm+kn=x6¥Awµ´j*kmo

y¿»o&{+x6mw°§®n=x6{npAoDNwo&w D«o& 1 o&D{¬F²F§®`¸ºo&«W}#{kmo,&nZ1w {

6§º1}Akmo&F+x6{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw

1

o&D{±m´

1

o&D{# o&w oDW{ w{kmoZ&WofoDmoD+x6{

{ o&+kªymo&wRymw o& xQ§;{ oDp}Akmo&F+x6|{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´É¶x6}²*{kmonZoDnpoD{+x6{-6§

{kmo&w+oFoD oDW{|{ o& kªWymo&wÀÆs1oD6WÇÆ4tÈÉw o&w+D«1o&³ 1 o&D{dF´

1* s³ $

NoD{ymww{+x6{¸ {kbw npop oDVx6{ o&Y¸Å¥Fw`´ 1 m&o=¸ºo=FYm{,F o&D{}Y&W{«y{ o={ {kmo

F¨A6§({nZÑµx6{mwºx6mZx6+x6oDÑµx6{R{ o& kªWymo&w`²¸ºo ¸ mm{¹&nZx6 o|¸ {kZ{kmo

¨xw{ { oD+x6{y o{kmo?»oD³6§npAoD¿©Ø«xw o&¬x6moDnZ`x6N{nZÑµx6{a´

¤ oD¿©Ø¥Wmµ¸ RAp o&w{ymD{y&nZoD wi w o&Zy¿»o&=npWoDwºx6mp{ oDnpo&F¿©

x6{ o oD o&w oD{+x6{mwÅ§®Wp{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`²W«y{immo|6§{kmoDnÄxF o&w w o&Z{kmo|oDmoD+x6

&nZw{Àx6mx6+x6npoD{ oDÑµx6{À «oDn/6§}Wkmo&F+x6Ã{ o& kªWymo&w`´*~x6+x 1 &o98ì<:

(8)

w«1{kxZoDoDmoDm&o[©Ø«xw o&§;+x6npoD¸º¥³x6mdx6{ oD+xD{¨o,w y &o[©Ø{ 6© w y &o&nZoD

§®=¶m{+x6s{=nZoDnpoDW{ wDVxw w`x6A¼{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw`´ 1 ¾^¶ 8 :|¸*xwRo&w mo&

xwx6ÀW{ oDnpo&FVx6{ oZ oD o&w oD{+x6{bx6md§;+x6npoD¸º¥§®x6y{ n=x6{ZWÀ o&w{ymD{y

{4ªy+¥W}«1o&`x6npofx=w {+x6mmx6 Vx6{°§®n §®4nZoDnpoD{³¨A{yx6}dx6}{nZÑµx6{

{ {^}Wo²¸ {kZn,y{o*§] {°© oDmw`²n=x kmo[©oDoDmoD{º«x ¥W© oDmwix6mf¨x6Vx6W{ w`´~6©

Vx6w 8:wºx6Rx6y{ n=x6{|x6+x6oDÑ&f&nZoDÅ§]i¶{+x6W{¹§]o`x6{y o&w*x? k#w o&ªWymoDm&o

6§x6x6}WÑ`o&wpx6mbAb{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mwRx6`x6«o³{ ¬ o`x6 «oDm kn=x6¥Fw`´·j*kmo&w+o{k o&o

6o&D{ wx6 of«xw o&±Yxw }WW{+xQzW©Ø{ o&of oD o&w oDW{+x6{a²xA©ØkmAZoDoDmoDm&oZnpWoDw,x6m

nZoDnpoDW{³1}AmnZVx6x6{knpw`´ ~¹¾í~ 1 8ì:4w# «x6«} {kmodnpw {#&nZoD{ oÀA

o&w {ymD{yd&nZoD`²ÃnZoDnpoD{¬1}Akmo&F+x6Åx6x6}Fw o&w,x6m±{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw94;F©

DymF¬xQ¦pmoZw kmo&Fy6x6mÀ{ oD A&o&Fy+x6ºx6x6}Fw o&w 4®x6+x&}¬ oDmw`²x6Vxw 6[´f~¹¾^~

1

ymw+o&w|x6o[zF o&w w¨oW{ oDnpo&FVx6{ o oD o&w oDW{+x6{a²(xfw}WW{+xQzW©Ø{ o&o¸ {k}Wkmo&F+x6 x6m6©

{+x6{mwµ´

¤ {k³{kmoÆsnpoDx 6o&D{ 8q`: ²F{kmo~ÃoD{{soD1oDmoDm&ox6x6}AÑ`oDsx6mA# o&w {ym[©

{yZ{ A 8qq%:aw Dw oD { Zy ¸º¥ ¹{ `¨Ao&wsxy¿»o&}Wkmo&F+x6(§]+x6npoD¸Å¥#§®

{ oD+x6{Y o& oD}²Nx6mÀ{wkx6 o&wyoDnZkxww±oD°©w{+x6{ oDnpoDW{{+x6mw°§®n=xQ©

{mwµ´¾ { w W{ oDmo&dxw|xZ o&w o`x6 k{ A(§®&nZy{ o[©Ø{ oDmw¨o,¥oDmoDw`´

ja¸Åb&Ao&w { Ww#wkx6 odxY{R6§np{¨x6{mwx6m { o& km} ¸ {kÉyRw+oDnZ¿©

x6y{ n=x6{{nZÑµx6{ 6o&D{`´ 2 2¬|kx 8q`<:*wxdn=x6F© wo&D¿»#w oxw+wF©

npoDW{?Vx6yx6o§]?w}Fw{ x6+x`}d&nZy{+x6{mw`²Ãxp}Wkmo&F+x6 {+x6mw°§®n=x6{À§]+x6npo[©

¸º¥1²ºx6m¼xdkkF©ØoDöD|D Dy{=w}A{kmo&wwf{ AØÝj*kmoW{ oD+xD{ödx6mw oDnZ¿©^x6y{ n=x6{

x6 x+k±{ #1}Akmo&F+x6{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw¸ÅoD ofW{ WFym&o&À«W} 2 2dskxF´j*kmof~¹¾È Æ

6o&D{ 8q`<:*wfxdnp o#+x6n=x6{x6 x+k{ ¬&Ao&wa² o&w {D{±{kmox6`x6{

n=x6 { A¼mo&w{ wR¸ {k y¿§®n"oDoDmoDm&o&w#x6m x6nZ x6{R{kmow oDo&D{Éx6m

&A Fx6{6§|o[zAw {§]ymD{x6Åy{ w{ doDmoD+x6{ o³x6 x6`x6{F©wo&D¿» N¾ ¤

A&o&w w `´ ?*{k{ Aw {+x6oD{|&nZy{ o[©ØW{ oDmw¨o,¥oDmoDw|}´

!"$#%#$&(')&*+!,.-/#$&0!1324*50&!

¾^³{kmo4§®`¸ m²mAmw|x6 omn=x6Ñ`o&¬x6mw{ {^¸Åp`x6{ oDo&w

6

Wmwº§] n ,{ Zw npo?«ym³o[zA o&w w #¸ {kx6³W{ oDoD|w{o²`x6o&879Amw:

6

{kmoD¥Amw6§Amw`²F o[§®oD o&³{ =xw<;=>&?A@fAmw`´

¾^YynZoDnpoD{+x6{a²¹o`x6}±kxw+o&w,6§{kmoÆs1oD6À&nZoD,oD°§®n npw{6§{kw

mn=x6Ñµx6{a²x6Y¸ {k¼Dw o&b§®n wy«mw{{y{ 6§?mFymD{ ¨x6Vx6«o&w`´ {&o

w+npoZ¶m{+x6 x6m·ÈB;C=>&?A@³Wmwn=x`}À«1oZmn=x6Ñ`o&Y{ 879³Wmw¸ kmoD«1ym·x6m

w {o`x6«1oFw+&`¨oD o&w {+x6{`x6}´

(9)

j*kmo§®`¸ ³o[»m{dw4xpwkW{4o[zF{ oDmw¬6§# *& mo&w{ w-8qD: ´ ¤ {k

xf§;ymD{¬«1AF}²x # *& C% 41 Èº~ 6wsxfn=xQzFn=x6w+oD{|6§¹&mw o&Dy{¨o,w {+x6{ o[©

npoDW{ w¸ {kmy{ ;=>&?A@#Amw`²(¸ kmoD oZA±«ymwx6m±&mF{x6wn=x`}¬}ÀoDoDm

ÀW¨x6Vx6W{ w¸ {k±{kww oD{6§Åw{+x6{ oDnpoDW{ w`´j*kmo&w ofW¨x6Vx6W{ wmDymoZw}An«f&F©

w {+x6{ w`²a§]n=x6§]ymD{Yx6+x6npoD{ oD wfx6mwy ymFdW·&y{ oD w {kmoD}±x6 o=`x6o&

{kmo9 C' % #6§ {kmo 1 Èº~Ã²xw¸ºoD*xwfx6}±W¨x6Vx6W{px61o`x6d·w npo#x6°©

+x`}wy«mw D{s¸ {kÀ{kmo

1

Èº~´ w{+x6{&W{ x6{4w4`x6o& ¸ kmoDd{4kmwx6{

o`xw {imomF© oDnZ{^}pW 1 Èº~¹w*x6 o {kmo|x6{y+x6`x6mFmx6{ o&wÅ§]i1}Akmo&F+x6A

{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`´ sZo[zx6nZo*wwkmµ¸ ZZ¶Ãy oq´ ¤ oº¸ m},&mwoD 1 Èº~¹w

W{kmo4§®`¸ m´

"!$#&%

''('''('('''''('''''('''''('''''(''(''('''''('''''('''''('''''('('''('''''('''''(''''

) ! *,+.-/012-3"4658797:4;<437(123"-3>=:?A@B

''('''('('''''('''''('''''('''''(''(''('''''('''''('''''('''''('('''('''''('''''(''''

DC "!$#EF

''('''('('''''('''''('''''('''''(''(''('''''('''''('''''('''''('('''('''''('''''(''''

)G

*,+.-/IH,1"7:B"=84(4J58797:4;<4(37:512=8?A@B

LK MN#OC P29 =:9 ;<47Q4=85RJ$#SC

TVUQC

'XWYZ' G,[]\ ^

Y_

?7:4=Q97:-=:5(R`K

) %

) a

''('''('('''''('''''('''''('''''(''(''('''''('''''('''''('''''('('''('''''('''''(''''

Lbc dMN#&e *,+.-/If,1"7hg.-i5:7Q97Q4;<437:51"=:?A@B

)j ?7:4=Q97:-=:5(R`b

) e

¶Ãy o=q zx6nZo,6§ o&&nZw{W{ =w{+x6{&W{ Nx6{ w

sw¹w ym ka²Fx

1

Èº~ n=x&}fkmRx6«{+x6}ZnpoDnp}=x&&o&w w+o&wÅx6mZ§]ymD{R`x6w Wx

1

Èº~

w{kymwVx6oD{kx6 xw {+x6{R&W{ ÅAYmo&w{98qD&: ´³¾^{ oD A&o&Fy+x6 x6Vxwfx6mbx6+x&}

oDbx6x6}Aw w¸ºyY«oZymw o[§]y¹§® o&Dw oRoD1oDmoDm&ox6x6}Fww`´ oD¨oD{kmoDo&w+w`² y

w+oDnZ¿©^x6y{ n=x6{§]+x6npoD¸Å¥&o&w¸ {k¬DymooDoDmoDm&oF§®n=x6{ddx6y{kmÑ&

{kmo|o[zAoD{ymw oD{ µ¨oDo|w{+x6{|x6x6}Fww¸ kmoD#x6}W{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`´ 2¬ o&`¨oD`²

o[zF{ oDmwmw{ lk^w x6 w oD}©Ø oDyVx6 mp&Ao&w 4;¸ {k·xR§®oD¸ y o&FD{+x6«o=&mF{x6wx6m

;=>&?A@ÀAmw 6Zx6 o1w w «o 8q ² q`<: ²*x6{kmyk xnkØ§]y}om}Wkmo&F+x6 oD o&w+oD{+x6{ w

m{Zw w«ox6W}Wnp o´ ¿§]}A±k}A«¼w{+x6{[©F}Ax6nZ{nZÑµx6{ 8q :¸ {k {kmo

}Akmo&F+x6anpWoD(¸ºydx6w f«o?{ oD o&w {m´

prq &*+!, `s0Zt%vu4' -/2/

(10)

1

Èº~-o[zF{+xD{±w4 o`x6{}wnZ¿»o&À¸ kmoDÀnZoDnpoD{ o&¸ {k±x=npAoDÀ&nZoD

F§]+xw{ymD{y o?wym+kxw Æs1oD6WÇÆ4tÈ4´~ oD¨Aymwºkxw o&wÅmDymo|§]ymD{m²F&F©

w {+x6{* x6x6{a²FWmn=x6Ñµx6{a²W{ oDoD &nZx6w ³mn=x6Ñµx6{a²mo`xA© &Ao

x6m9 9¼oDnZx6{a²,x6m mFymD{ ¨x6Vx6«owy«mw {{y{a²x6 ¸ {k Vx6yx6o[©

w 1o&D¿»R oD W&o&w+w ={ oDpx6{knpoD{w oDVx&o&b¸ {kbmo[zFo&x6+x`}Aw`²¹1W{ oD

x6x6}Fww F§®n=x6{w|x`¨x6Vx6«o94;«y{m{}oD{ ymw o&y{ W6[²oD{ ´

j*kmox6{knÂ§®

1

Èº~ o[zF{+xD{ A&o&o&w{k yk{kmo4§®`¸ #w{ oDmw

¡F Ë Ã Ë Ï ¡F Ï ¹£ {+x&¨oD w od{kmo¬w}WW{+xQz { o&o¬6§,x¨oD §;ymD{ 4®xQ§]{ oD

6x6mw{ o 79|Wf&y{ oD wµ²«1ymw x6m,w {o&w`²&mF{x6W o&F`x6{ o&w`²

x6+x&} o[§®oD oDm&o&w`²x6m³x6+x6npoD{ oD w|¨¨o&{kmo&w oo[zA o&w+wmw`´

#Ë ¢ Ï Ë ¡ Ë ^Ï ¡F Ï i£

6

x6np 79bWmw`²4w oDo&D{{kmo±w{+x6{À&{ ,mo&w«}É kmo& ¥A¼{kmo¬«ym

o[zA o&w+wmw x6m={kmos¨x6Vx6m&o?6§N{kmo|A&y{ oDx6m#x6+x6npoD{ oD w*¸ {k

{kmoA³«1AF}

6

w oDo&D{a{kmo¹w {+x6{¹&{ A&mF{x6wN¸ kmw o¹ o&F`x6{ o¹wNx6,xQ¦pmoÅo[zA o&w+w

6§x6+x6npoD{ oD w?x6mA&y{ oD w:

6

o&w{D{ oD¨Wymwiw{+x6{*&{ Amw { s{kmw+oºoDmDw ?w {+x6{ &{ Amw

x6mw{+x6{&W{ Ã&mF{x6w:

6

w oDo&D{{kmo=x6+x`}d o[§®oD oDm&o&w¸ kmw oZw y«mw D{wx6YxQ¦pmopo[zF o&w w6§ºxQ©

+x6npoD{ oD wsx6m³A&y{ oD wµ´

gÐ &`¡F ;¢¢ Ï 1` Ï ¡ µ`£ {+x&¨oD w os{kmosw }WW{+xQz={ o&o²Ww {+x6{,¸ {k{kmo|D o`x6{³6§

xmoD¸ 1 Èº~´ aoD{ «o?{kmo?»m w{oD+x6{x6Ã&{ ÃmWo³{kmoW³«AF}

6

¿§ w|xfw{+x6{&W{ NAa²mx³{kw Adx6m{ woDmDw o&w{+x6{ oDnpoD{ ws{

{kmo 1 Èº~

6

¿§¯w x,w{+x6{?&{ a&mF{x6Ø²x#{kw &mF{x6(¸ {k{ wº«+x6m kmo&w

{ Z{kmo 1 Èº~

6

¿§ w m{sxf&mF{x6A³mWo²x{|{ f{kmo 1 Èº~

6

{kmoD¸ w o²mDw o{kmoDy oD{

1

Èº~ x6mD o`x6{ oxmoD¸ mo&

6

F {kmo 1 Èº~ ¿§{Ao&w m{|&W{+x6¬x6{ o`xw{|moWa´

j*kmoDa²mw oD{ { Z{kmomo[zF{ mWox6m&{ymo,{kmo{+x`¨oD w+x6Ø´

Ð Ë 1 ØÌ Ë Ï Ã¡ ¡ Q¡ Ë Ë Q£ §®o`x k 1 Èº~² { oD+x6{ o±`¨oD³{kmoÀA-«ymw`²

&mF{x6Ão[zF o&w wmw|x6mdx6+x&}³wy«mw D{ w { px6{kmoD{kmo«x6ax6+x6npoD{ oD w`´

(11)

j*kw¹x6{kn y{y{ wixsw{6§

1

Èº~¹wixw w+WDVx6{ o&¸ {kpx6},§;ymD{ff{kmo w}A{+xQz

{ o&o´ºÆsynZoDnpoD{+x6{¬dÆs1oD6=wFw Dymw w o& 1 o&D{dF´

'# <*5# ,# * 1 p 1,* !"#

j*kx6¥Fw¹{ x6pnZoDnpoD{+x6{6§({kmo oD¨Aymw*x6{knW{ ÆsoD6m²¸ºo|w{ymFo&={kmo

x6`x6«{^}6§ y|1}Akmo&F+x6(§]+x6npoD¸Å¥{ pw oD¨oD+x6a«oDm kn=x6¥Fw`´

¶Ãy oÅ wynZn=x6Ñ`o&wa{kmo¹ o&wy{ w§®({kmo 1 1o&&¶ ~¬x6m~oD°§]o&D{9ÈÅy««1oDm+kn=x6¥Aw

kx6mFo&¼«}yZ{ W-4]wo[©®»mo³ +x6npw=}² x6{Z{kmo³{npo«1oD6[´s&Wo&wRx6 o

¸ {{ oDRR¶m{+x6+&A²Fo[z&oD{¹§®¹x6m |#È4²Ax6m¹#¶m{+x6F´¹j*kmo»m w{

&ynZpw km`¸w {kmoºyn,«1oD¹6§m§]ymD{mw`²y{{kx6{&AoºnpWFyVx6{^}Ao&wm{¹w o&oDn

{ #nZxD{{kmopx6`x6«{^}À6§º1}Akmo&F+x6{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw 4;³¸ºxwm{x6o&

{kmo&w oÀo[zF1oDnpoDW{ w 6[´ j*kmodmo[zA{{ ¸º&ynZmw³&y{{kmo¬yn,«1oD6§ 1 Èº~iw¸ {k

x6{o`xw{Zmo#«x6*x6+x6npoD{ oD=x6m oDmDw ±x6{fo`xw{fmo&mF{x6Ø²¹ o&wo&D{¨oD}5

{kmop»m w{mo#xF¨W`x6{ o&w§]x6+x6npoD{#x6x6}Fwwfx6m{+x6mw°§®n=x6{Y{ o&+kªymo&w:¹{kmo

w+o&&m¼mowkmµ¸wp{kmomo&o&b§]={ o& kªWymo&w={kx6{Rkx6mFow{+x6{[© &W{ 4&mF{x6w`´

j*kmo=mo[zA{,{ ¸ºd&ynZmw,Y{kmok 1 {+x6{ oDnpoD{ w m#w o&D{·wkmµ¸w{kx6{ 1 Èº~¹w,km·xVx6o

n=xQ{}p6§Nw {+x6{ oDnpoD{ wº¸ k k# oDF§] &o&wº{kmos&`¨oD+x6o46§Nw{+x6{|&W{ x6{ w`²Fx6mx6w

ymw {+x6{ o&w {kmoÅ&nZy{+x6{x6}f{ oDmw ¨oÅx6{y o 6§{kmoi«oDm kn=x6¥Fw 4;n=x6}w{+x6{ oDnpoD{ w

x6 ofoDmDw o&ÀÀAmw 6[´j*kmoVxw{?{ ¸º³&ynZmwÀ{kmoIk^|+x`}dt|o[§®oD oDm&o&w mfw o&D{x6 o

¨oD}d nZw³§®oD1oDmoDm&o=x6x6}Fww snpw{wy«mw+D{ wx6 opxQ¦pmoZo[zF&oD{?§® !!

x6m#"%$'&)(np o&µ¨oD`²{kmo+x6{ o,w4`¨oD+*,* -Âf«oDm kn=x6¥Fw`²«y{?x6 &zFn=x6{ opx6+x&}

oDoDmoDm&o x6x6}Aw+o&wÃ¸ A«oi o&ªWy o&,§]x6,AA,&µ¨oD+x6o 6§m{kmo s{kmoD «1oDm+kn=x6¥Awµ´

¾x&& mx6m&o¸ {ko`x6oD o&w y{ w ymwZ~ÃVx6w 8q:<: ²F{kmo?&`¨oD+x6o,6§Ã oDyVx6A

mo&w { wiw*w{ }p/.mymoDm&o&«W}p{kmo4ªyx6{^}R6§a{kmo?&mw{+x6{* x6x6{a²FAmn=x6¿©

Ñµx6{¬x6m³mFymD{¨x6Vx6«ooD{ o&D{a´

Æsy={ Asx6w ±x6{kmoD w#oD{+x6o& w{+x6{w {&wRx6«y{={kmo³Wyn«oD#6§x6+x6npoD{ oD wx6m

w {+x6{ oDnpoD{ wÅ1oD

1

Èº~²Ax6mRx6«1y{iw {+x6{ oDnpoD{*oD{k 4;¸ {k#x

1

Èº~²m{Å&y{mF©

w {+x6{,oDmDwAmw 6[´4¶Ãy ofRwkm`¸w?{kx6{x6npw{x6 1 Èº~iw?x6 own=x6oD?{kx6bq`

w {+x6{ oDnpoD{ w`² ¸ {kÉxÀ§®oD¸ o[z&oD{mw`²|x6m¼{kx6{RW oD{k w=+x6 oD} o`x6{ oDR{kx6-F´

2¬ o&`¨oD`²o&oD Amwx6w d{ oDm{ d«op¨oD}wn=x6Ø²o[z&oD{§®0'1 1 2²3(4"Âx6m5"6$'&)(

¸ k+k¬&W{+x6±oD{kF©^=Amo&w { w|¸ {k¬{ oD{kmw6§iw{+x6{ oDnpoDW{ w`´|j*kw4npo`x6mw4{kx6{4npw{

}Akmo&F+x6x6x6}Fwwx6md{+x6mw°§]n=x6{mw¸ wym&&o&o&±x6m¬ o&ªWy o}¬x= o`xw+x6«o

x6npyW{,6§º{npo=x6m± o&w y &o&w`´Z¾^{x6w ¨o&wx6o&w {n=x6{ op6§º{kmo=w `x6Vx6«{ }À o&ªWy o&

§® ¸Å w {°© `xw oo[zF1moDW{Vx6Ãx6{knpw`²m¥o?{kmo&Wo?oDmoD+x6{dkxw o?{ p&¨oD{|{kmo

}Akmo&F+x6a oD o&w oD{+x6{d«x ¥{ pw y &o&Wo´

(12)

*"+ -/ 5 *7Q97Q4;<437Q5 `=:=:9 44=:43"@45

3"@7:?A-3"5 / 9 =Q9 ;<47:=:?A@ <3,4iT5 ?A3O*"+ -/ 5 <3"4

0 0 0 0 ff 0(H 0

!

" " H H,0H 0"f "

#$

H H" H ff H 0

%

H H H "00

&(' #) *

0(H 0(H 0(H H f f 0+

, -/.

H H 0 f " H,0" 0

102

& 0 0(Hf 0(Hf 0H 0

* &

" " H HH 0" 03

*45).&

" f 0 0(H"

& * '

0 0+ 0+ f f "3

&('6

*

H" f f 0H 0(HH 0(H 0

, %*

f f Hf ",0 "0 f 0

¶y o ºÈº`¨oD+x6o6§w{+x6{&W{ Nx6{ w kkF©Ø1oD°§®n=x6m&o,x6`x6{mw

¶y o 4w{«y{d6§w{+x6{ oDnpoDW{soD{kmwsx6m

1

Èº~ wÑ`o

7 8 9";:Á 1$|1*

¾^#{kwºw+o&D{a²W¸ºoo[»mmo4{kmo|mDo&w6§Ã1}Akmo&F+x6 +x6nÄ{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`´ij*kmo

{ oDn C<C·¸ Ã«oymw o&Àxp« xÀw oDmw o{ RoDm{ oZx <<=># % $ C #

& 4®x6w `x6o&?>º©Ø1}Akmo&F dVx6{{&o[©Ø1}Akmo&F 6[² Ø´ïo´²xw oD{6§ 1W{ w·x;>

¨o&D{ swx&o«ymo&³«}³xQ¦pmomo&ªWyx6{o&w 8q`<: ´

(13)

aoD{|ymwsm`¸Á{ AFym&o{kmo oD o&w oD{+x6{±6§ix

1

Èº~-x6m{ wsoDoDnpoDW{+x6}{+x6mw°§®°©

n=x6{mwµ´pw {+x6{p&{ Åx6{¸ {k{kmopw}A{+xQzÀ{ o&oZwx#x6 [²a¸ kmoD o w

{kmow oD{Z6§s&mw+o&Dy{¨o # *& ' #=r b{kmoDZ1}Akmo&F+x6* oD o&w oD{+x6{r x6m

w?{kmo¨o&D{ 6§ C' % #R6§i{kmo

1

Èº~´ ¹o&D{ w&mw {+x6{?§®4{kmo

1

Èº~

«y{w {+x6{`x6}#y¥Am`¸ m}oD{{ w ¨x6ymo?w ¥Wmµ¸ dx6{ y{npo²¸ kmoDoD{ oDR{kmo 1 Èº~Ã´

ºoDm{ o&w{kmoWyn«oDs6§ «x6ax6+x6npoD{ oD w`´

¤

o¸ (ymw ox,§®oD¸ wo&D¿»mo`x6sx6oD«+xfm{+x6{mw

6

n=x6{&o&wsx6 ox6¸*x&}FwoDm{ o&³«}`x6{+x6aoD{{ oD w`²F¨o&D{ w4x6m#§;ymD{mw³¨o&D{

wx&o&w|x6 om{:

6!

"$#% oD{ymw,xoD{kF©# o[»zY6§&"1²aØ´ïo´²Ã{kmoZ¨o&D{ «y{§] n¯{kmo#¼»m w{

&nZ1moDW{ ws6§'"+

6(*),+

wo&ªWy¨x6oDW{{

(

«1oDRx o[»z6§'"+

6.-/

oDm{ o&wN{kmo10©Ø{ky{(¨o&D{ Ãxº o[§]oD oDm&oi«xw o2

-43 6565657

-8

(6§Fx © FnpoDmwx6

wx&o²AØ´ïo´²9:;6565657:;

-

:;6565654:< F¥oD¸ w o²

-6= >?

oDm{ o&w*{kmosn=x6{¿zp»mo&#¸ {k#Ñ`o[©

w «y{|oDoDnpoDW{@ABCD w oD{ { q´

1

Èº~·n=x&}=x6w ?«oo&&+x6{ o&=¸ {kRw{+x6{ oD{o&w¹ oDVx6{ o&=¸ {k={kmo }Akmo&F+x6

oD o&w+oD{+x6{a²Fwym k#xwix6+x&}ZoDoDmoDm&o&w 8qD&:¹ oDmw 8ì:²«y{¹{kw¹¸Å¥ZWo&w¹m{

xF o&w+ww{+x6{x6x6}Fww`´

*5,# ;E ' ' F&q 1"8*5#1F p + HG q # &#

j*kmo@ I 6§xÀw{+x6{ oDnpoD{KJÁwf{kmo³yn,«1oDR6§4mo&w{ o&bAmwpoDmDwLJ {kmo

1 Èº~´i)w{+x6{ oDnpoDW{MJONP w#x±ªWyxFyoQRI9BS&IT$UVI9W<I[²º¸ kmoD oHRXI¼wZ{kmo IA©

FnpoDmw x6 > &' &6§YJ ²S

I

x6mU

I

x6 ow oD{ w¹6§}Wkmo&F+x6 oD o&w oD{+x6{mw

6§3 & $ %` #D²x6mW I wa{kmo [Z #"%C 6§J ²µo[»m|{kmo# $\% = %

& % #6§N{ oD+x6{mw6§]J*´jN oD o&w oDW{sx6«{+x6}=Vx6{{&o?}Wkmo&F+xF²o`x+kw{+x6{ oDnpoD{

w* µ¨Wo&¸ {kxyn,«1oD

I

^

6§$ CC' % #{ ZnZoDnpoDW{|W{ oDoD|F¨Ww x6m

npAFyZoD+x6{mw¨AVx [Z $_ ¹o´m´²F{kmow+oD{6§oD¨oD¨x6ymo&w6§%AÅw o&w D«o&

«W}³npo`x6mws6§ixpW`x6Ãx6+x6npoD{ oD1`r o[zFw{ oD{Vx6}ªWyx6{¿»o&r x6m¬o&ªWyx6{HA ba `N´

NoD{ymwo&w D«o?{kmo&w o&m&oD{ w|³np ooD{+x6x6m¨ow+npoo[zx6nZo&wµ´

6 R I w,x <<=9C o[»mmo&·«}Àn=x6{¿zQc I Ndfe

>8hgji98

g

^ i98

i 3

/> wym+k

{kx6{

'NMR

Ilknm o Bc

I pqq ^

s6t

t

:;5

(14)

{&o?{kmo4Vxw{ n=x6{¿z&ynZw x6¸ºx`}Aw|ny{o&³«W}={kmo&mw{+x6W{

-

F{ & o[©

wmwN{ |{kmo'( #] & oDm&WF46§ [Z Åmo&ªWyx6{o&wNW{

§]n´|j*kmoyn,«1oD #Y6§i&mw {+x6{ w4*c I wsm{|nZ{ o&(´s~ +x6n)w{+x6{ oDnpoD{ w

yx6 o&¬«}mF© &W¨o[zÀ&mF{x6wsr wym+kxw : A A v r x6 ofw{

{ ?w oDx6+x6{ oºw{+x6{ oDnpoD{ w ¸ {kf&¨o[zfn=x6mw,{kmoÅ1}Akmo&F+x6A oD o&w oD{+x6{a´

¡ Ë

"!$#&%')(#+*-,./102#"03/./.2405#"06702689;:2%2<0 %2)=

>@?2ABADC&A9EGF&HDIKJMLN+F

79%>PORQTSVU

WYX

>BZPO\[ J 3

79^]2ODQTS`_

WX

>BZPO

WX

>@ZPa^b

X

>cSedgfC>haB]ji&UDi@QZ JTk6

lnm

[2opORQ Jrq

79tsuO\vYSVUwSxd

l X sDZPOyd@f

l X sDihdjZ Jz7

{ X sDZPO|i

WYX

sZT} JT~6

¶y o t|y=o[zmx6nZo

89 *-#&%B +0n:2n40#+06*6%h0Y#+&

-+YP69cV

-"3P5M9ec6^

-KwP5 0¡)6 &¢89/*-)%2/ &%2#&.B6£¤0 &¤¥

-§¦1-"¨3©Kª'"«-ª\¬®K¯ª«w°²±;¯j

³ 2´M0µc¢¶*#"0(·¸ 0 h440#"0)*-)%h05Y#+&

µY º¹

»¼» ½

½¼¾» »À¿

!Y0 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Â

Ã4

Â^

©

Â

©¶Ã

µY ÅÄÆ

ÆÇ » »È» ½

½ » É» »

» »È» ½

» ½¾» »

ÊÌË

Ë

Í

!Y0 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã5¶9

Â^

©

Â

©¶Ã

µYK3ÃÎÏ !Y0 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã

Â^

©

Â

©¶Ã

µY§¦wµY"¨Y ÄÆÆÇ » »È» ½3«

½ » É» »

½w±Ð»È» ½3«

½ ± »È» « ÊËË

Í

!Y0 ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã¶ª2

Â^

©¯@

Â

©¶Ã

(15)

6 S I x6m U I o&w+D«1ofx6+x&} o[§®oD oDm&o&w4¸ {{ oDd«W} J 4;o[§;{°©Økx6mÀwo 6s o`x«}

J 4;kW{°©Økx6mÀwo 6[²m o&wo&D{¨oD}5{|w4x=w oD{|6§¹x6 w

W

Y*¸ kmoD o

W

w4x6Àx6+x&}

¨x6Vx6«ox6m¬w{kmo7 # # $ &dn=x6#{ oD+x6{mw|HR I { pW`x6{mws

W ´,j*kmopx&&o&w w4§;ymD{Ywo[»mmo&À«}±xRn=x6{¿z NQd

>8 g i98 g^

i98

i 3 />

wym k{kx6{

' o ^

pqqr

^

-

s6t

t

u 5

¡ Ë

&%289)340#+0)*-6%0n &D,)M/ &2)(#+*-,./&

@)4! " #$%g) &+(') *'

±+7g° ½V|½²-,,/.

#+%28020 #&40 §8#&6

"Y #1' g32 É» »È»¼»4

,5.

"'+3 #' g62

É»¼»È»¼»

4 , ' ) 62

¾» » » »

± È½¾» ½

4

,/.

!Y<0

ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Â P9

Â^

©

Â

6 W I w{kmo [Z #2 C&³6§ J<{,n=x6mw{ oD+x6{mwQR I { ' 87 # *' # 4;Ø´ïo´²

`x6o[zFo&Dy{¼mx6{ o&w 6, a4 I:9

- ©FnpoDmwx6{npo 8ìFq%:´ 2y{FnpoDmwx6

{npo[© w{+x6nZmw x6 o|&nZx6 o&#{k yk#{kmo = =`¨oDº¨o&D{ w`²Ao[©

m{ o&«W}<; ¹{ oD+x6{ 6§]Jw|o[zo&Dy{ o&«o[§] o{ oD+x6{ %=a6§]J$=(¿§¹x6m}¿§

W I ; W I =[´

jN¼§®xD{+x6{ o·&WoYoDmoD+x6{Áx6m { w kmo&Fyo·moD1oDmoDW{} { oD+x6{mwÀx6m

w{+x6{ oDnpoD{ wµ²¸ºomo&o&

a4 I 9 -

{npoFnpoDmwmwsmw{ o`x6§

I

4;{kmonZn,yn §®

x6YxQ¦pmoZw o&ªWymoD{Vx6¹w +kmo&Fyo 6[´j*kwoDm&AF³¸ºxw»m w{? 1w o&À«W}d¶mo`x6y{oD

8ìFq%:Åx6m±ymw o&Yo[zA{ oDmw¨oD}À«W}>oD}x6m~yk"8qq : FnpoDmw a 0ÀoDm&Wo&w{kmo

oDVx6{¨op oD6§ºw {+x6{ oDnpoD{ w,x6{oD{k 0¬x6m±FnpoDmw a 0@?

-

oDm&Ao&w?{kmo

(16)

¨oD{yx6}²9W I wo[»mmo&«}xn=x6{¿z I N d k

8g i 3 >8g4i98

i 3

/>w ym k{kx6{

W I

I pr

- su 5

{&o I Ao&wm{W¨¨o³A`x6ºx6+x6npoD{ oD wµ²iwm&o#Vx6{{&o#1}Akmo&F+x¬¬m{

mD o`xw o{kmoo[zF o&w w¨A{}6§w o&ªymoDW{Vx6Nw +kmo&Fyo&w`´

¡ Ë

w¢*-#+0/£)67¸ &*\0,)M 2;(#+*-,./#+&

+"ÂT

»»

40 §8 #+

ÄÇ

»È» »È»

É» »È»

»È» »È»

ÊÍ

!Y<0Á

ÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã4

Â^

©

Â

P¶Ã

ÂT

»

40 §8 # ÄÆÆÆÆÇ

»È» »È»¼»

É» »È»¼»

»È» »È»

» »È»¼»

»È» »È»¼»

ÊÌË

ËËË

Í

!Y0Á

ÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã5¶9

Â^

Ã

Â

©¶Ã

ÂT 0 &68# »È» !Y0Á

ÁÁÁÁÁ Â Ã

Â^

©

Â

©¶Ã

¦ ±

ª»

40 &68'#& ¦ ÄÇ

»È»¼» ±

É»¼»È»

»È»¼»È»

ÊÍ

!Y0Á

ÁÁÁÁÁ Â

Pª2

Â^

©

Â

Ã Ã

¨ ±

ª

40 &68'#& ¨ ÄÇ

»È»¼» ±

É»¼»È»

»È»¼» ÊÍ

!Y0Á

ÁÁÁÁÁ Â Pª2

Â^

©

Â

Ã Ã

# s *50A*5#$!

¤ od¸ ?m`¸) o&w oDW{³x6ÉnZ{+x6{³&{«y{ 6§{kw#¸Å¥ Yy# oD o&w oD{+x6{

o&w+w«oÅ,{kmoi}Akmo&F+x6W oD o&w oDW{+x6{f§; nÁ{kmo# '( # $ &#$ ' #

w9x6{w°§;}Af{kmow{+x6{`x6} kmo& ¥x6«o oD{o&w`´¹j*kmo?x6aw 6§ &y w o?{ f oDVxQzxw*n=x6}

&mw {+x6{ w{kmopw y &oR&Wo=xw1w+w«of{ C & 9 $(' $ &# 7

$ '(&&#s¸ {kmy{* oD}Af{kmox&Dy+xD}R6§ x,w {+x6{4x6x6}AÑ`oD`´¹¶m o[zmx6nZo²Fn=x6}

A{+x6mw§]n=x6{mwx6 okx6nZoD o&d«}³{kmoVx+¥6§¹F§]n=x6{±x6«y{|{kmo,«1ymw4

(17)

Ñ&={+x6mwx6 oD{|w {+x6{ oDnpoD{ ¸ w+o,oD+x6{mw`´¹jÃf o`x k{kwx6Ø²mx6mx6w f{ px koD¨o

§® &o&w|x,§®oD¸ < #{kmon=x6mwsx6mw+ kmo&Fyo&w`´

n=x6{px6mf&AoioDmoD+x6{Zkxw o&w 6[²{kmoÅ&Ao[¦=DoD{ wZx| `¸6§ c I n,ymw{ «1oÅ oDVx6{¨oD}

npo

- A I

c

= >3 656565 Bc

= >8

i 3 - 5 4°q 6

j*kw o&w{D{kxw mZo (o&D{|{kmoo[zF o&w w«on=x6mw`´

w+oDx6+x6{ o&w{kmoRw ªyx6 o> & ' =

I N d 8 g >8 g

/>oD+x6{¬Y{°©

oD+x6{ ¨o&D{ w`²Å§; n {kmo9 &'( ,' = I NPd

8g >8

i 3

/>x6mb§] n {kmo

#%*& ' 7 #" << * I N 8 g i 3

I : : : : I

I3 >3

I3 >8hg

I3 >3

%I

3 >8

%I

3 >8

i 3

: : : : %I

3

Ik >3

Ik >8hg

Ik >3

Ik >8

i 3

´´´ ´ ´ ´ ´´´ : ´ ´ ´ : ´´´

I

8g

>3

I

8g

>

8g %I

8g

>3 I

8g

>8

I

8g

>8

i 3

: : : : %I

8 g

5 4® 6

4npoDmwmwxw w+WDVx6{ o&¬¸ {kÀw{+x6{ oDnpoD{w `x6{{ oDn=x`}m{?oD1oDmÀ¬WÀ&y{ oD w

x6+x6npoD{ oD wµ²akmoDm&oZ{kmofÑòD Ao&w kôDöDYFnpoDmwmwm+´ ¤ of¸ iwkm`¸ 1 o&D{ F´

kmµ¸ npw{?nZ{¨of{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mw1oD+x6{ oZ I(²%IÀ %IÀw+oDx6+x6{ oD}´ {&o

w y«mw D{ w +x6o?§] nO:{ I ´

?*x+¥{ f{kmoy=o[zmx6nZo²n=x6{¿z I 4w{ w{

I

: : : : :

- : : : :

: : : : -

: - : : :

: : : : :

?"!#

I

#$

- :

:

-%'&

I

#$

: : :

%(&

I

:-:

j*kmo#w+o&&m w+ kmo&Fyo¨x6Vx6{=w,{kmo #$\% ·moR{ ¸º±Fw{mD{Zw{+x6{ oDnpoD{

(18)

¤ kmoD{kmoD*{kmo|{ oD+x6{mw*«oD{ ,{kmo4n=x6³6§'J x6mKJ = Wo&wºm{ºn=x6{{ oD* 4® 6 ¸ºo

{Vx6{^},6§{kmoºw +kmo&Fyo´ ?ºo&`x6ymw+oi{kw W¨x6Vx6W{wNkx6 { ?oDF§] &oºF o&D{}²¸ºoÅW{ WFym&o

{^¸ÅZxF{x6(¨x6Vx6{ w*¸ {km,nZxD{ w+ kmo&Fyo?o[zA o&w+w¨W{^}Rx6m#w{ oD*{kx6

4® 6

I -

²Ø´ïo´² I wynpWFyVx6`² 4;6

J*) J = m I ) I -5 4 6

yoR&nZx6w a´j*kmok^AYFnpoDmwmw m=6§{kmoRn=x6o#6§

I

§®n x I

©FnpoDmwx6

o&ªWy oDnpoD{?w|mo&o&o&{ RoDF§] &o,{kx6{ k^oD¨oDÀFnpoDmwmw mw+x6{w§;}³w npo§]n/6§oDmw+o

oDm&AF I

/

: m o J = N

! I

h0

! I -

h0 & I -

/ I

/ ? - 4® 6

- # &0oq &0C

oD+x6{mwÅ&mww{RxF, oDnp`Äx4 `¸ i&ynZa´4öDRx4ö&D{ ]"fx6mZn=x6{¿z

w+oD{ wxsmoD¸b&ynZZx6{w{ C? x6m»mw{¸ {k¨o&D{ '"1²¸ kmoD o`xw )"/ QC;

ymAo&w {kmomw+oD{a´ ( ( x6m! )" Éx6 oo[zF{ oDmo&³{ ZoD+x6{ o¨o&D{ w`´

sw Vx&oDnpoD{³6§,xw{+x6{ oDnpoDW{HJ w#x6w xY&nZnp oD+x6{a´ ¾^{R}nZxD{ w

oD{}¸ {kVJ*´¾^mo&o&(²§®¸ºx6 p«x+¥W¸*x6 Znp`¨oDnpoDW{º6§YJ±x6{¹oD{k#"º{oD w¹{kmo

w9x6npo np`¨oDnpoDW{*#oD¨oD}Zwy«mw o&ªWymoD{Åw {+x6{ oDnpoD{J$=x6{ioD{k$"wym+k={kx6{ %I

-

%"

I %"7[´|{kmyk#+x6{kmoDÅW{y{¨o²A{kmo§®`¸ fo[»m{R¸ {k# o[»zo&p«A ¥FwÅ6§

w {+x6{ oDnpoD{ w4w4+x6{kmoDs{ o&+k`x6Ø´Èºmw oD?x 1 Èº~.s²x;# * ' 7*#2 & - '& =(

o[»m³{kmofoD{kx6{?¸ k kw{+x6{ oDnpoDW{ wwkmy¬«oFw Vx&o&(²ax>#%*& ' 7 #"

Fw Vx&o&(²Nx6m±xRFw Vx&oDnpoD{Fw{+x6m&o$,-,pw?{kmo¨x6ymo{ «oxo&Ç6wy«{+xD{ o&Y{

{kmo &nZmoD{*x6{ioD{k

!

o[»zFo&Z«W}(

(19)

x6m§®`¸ #)Z´ j*kmo FwVx&oDnpoD{º&mw{ymD{ *o`x`¨o|x6mw{+x6{ oDnpoD{ wÅym kx6o&

o[z&oD{{kmw ow9x6{w°§;}AZ{kmo?§®`¸ =&mF{mw

.( )X , JLNM ( ) I & ) ;# I ) ) I I

I

9 , 4"&6

{&oZ{kmo&w o=&mw{ymD{ wn=x6¥opmxw wynZ{bx6«1y{{kmop oD o&w oD{+x6{ ¨x6Vx6{ w

x6mn=x&}#¨WVx6{ o{kmoDn´

2/0A "&s

§® &o4{kmo4¨x6Vx6{ wsx6mw oD¨oxw*«yFZ«A ¥Fwº§]*kkmoD oD¨oDØ²w oDn=x6W{`x6}#w+ym

{+x6mw§]n=x6{mw`´ 2dw {nZ{¨o&wf& o&w1m·{ ¬wnZop}Wkmo&F+x6*oD+x6{mw`²«y{

{kmoDs§®n=x6 o[»m{Àw4+x6{kmoD4{ o& k`x6ix6md¸ «oo&w+D«1o&¬np oo[zA{ oDmw¨oD}d

o&w+oD{+x6{É6§xw{+x6{ oDnpoD{`´

0 oDm{ o&w#xÀynpAFyVx6#n=x6{¿z5 nZoDnpoDW{ w#{kmo

x6+x6npoD{ oDÑ`o&±w k¿§;{4]s{+x6mwVx6{ 6s6§i{kmofxQ¦pmow kmo&Fyof6§ÅxRw{+x6{ oDnpoD{:"oDm{ o&w

{kmooD{kÀ6§Åx=w{+x6{ oDnpoDW{?mw oD{a²1{ oD+x6{Àn=x6±o[zF{ oDmwÀs o&w{D{(x6m

wsx¨o&D{ nZoDnpoD{³x6dxF{x6Ãn=x6d&mw{+x6{`´

j*kmoÅVxw {{^¸Å?nZ{¨o&wr §]ymwpx6mfw{ 4] Fw {«y{ 6ar w km`¸{kmoº«1oDmo[»m{6§

o&w Wf{+x6mw°§®n=x6{mwÅx6{ {kmox6«mw{+xD{¹w oDn=x6W{`x6moD¨oDm6§}Akmo&F+xF´¶ w{6§

x6Ø²Wf«ymw¹x6 oÅm{ix6fw w ymoºw m&o*{kmoº&AoºoDmoD+x6{ ¹¸ kx6mFox6}`¨oDVx6

6§*{ oD+x6{bn=x6mw`´ o[zF{`²a{kmo&w oZnZ{¨o&w 4F o&D{}±oD+x6{ o=Amw`²N«y{

«o?&nZ1w+o&R¸ {k & C<# # {+x6mw°§®n=x6{aí¶m {kmo?w{ nZ{ö²mö&D{ .(2 ,

o[»zo&wix6w {+x6{ oDnpoD{ wº&m&oDmo&p«}{kmow{:Ax6mZx6+x6npoD{ oDimF`x6{ o&wÅ{kmo*1w {

¸ kmoD o=w{+x6{ oDnpoD{oDVx&}AwkmyA&Dy`´Z¶m{kmof§]ymw±nZ{¨o²Ã¨o&D{ .(2 , 9 -

o[»zo&w*x6w{+x6{ oDnpoDW{ wÅ{kx6{ºwkmyR«1o W{ oDo`x&¨o&¸ {k#w{+x6{ oDnpoD{ wº o[»zo&=«W} .(2 , [´

¹¨oD{yx6}²m{&o{kx6{=§]ymw§®`¸ºo& «}¼w{ 4;¸ {k {kmodx6 Vx6{ od¨x6ymo6§%6

o`x`¨o&w{kmo 1 Èº~ ym kx6o&(´

o&ªWy opnZ{¨o&wfoD+x6{¬·{kmoRx&&o&w w§]ymD{mw,6§mF¨AFyx6ºx6+x`} o[§]oD oDm&o&wµ´

j*kw¸ a«1o?{kmoy1w o6§¹x6m{kmoD|x6oD`´

oD W¨o&w{x6{a´

ÓÃîió?ß°×9î áíãØêìßê ÚµÖØ× ëDá á°â&ãÛó9â&ð×9ñ(ãØø6áíî®á|ÚµÖØê êìãØêìëDáíîiß°ó9âáá`ãØá°âQáãØ××9Ö! ,×[âQôì×&ß" `îi×9ñ

î]ã ó+ãØá á°â&ãØîî®ø6ó+ÖØêìâ6Õ¹óßí×#$ ×[âÅî]ã ó+ãØá áíâ`ã%Vî®ßó ã®ãØáíÖØêìâ6ÕÃÚQÖØá&'(ó+ôì×[â6Õ ãØøQá(ôìêõâQá°îm×9ñãØøQáñ¿Ù6î®êì×9âó9â)iî®Ú6ôìêïã®ãØêìâ6Õ