ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ
ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ
ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ
،ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ . 2010 ﺱﺭﺎﻣ/ﺭﺍﺫﺁ
949
26-22
ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ
949
ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ
ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ
،ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ
.2010 ﺱﺭﺎﻣ/ﺭﺍﺫﺁ 26-22
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:
Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22–26 March 2010.
(WHO technical report series ; no. 949)
1.Leishmaniasis - prevention and control. 2.Leishmaniasis - parasitology.
3.Leishmaniasis - pathology. 4.Leishmaniasis - diagnosis. 5.Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous.
I.WHO Expert Committee on the Control of the Leishmaniases. II.World Health Organization. III.Series.
ISBN 978 92 4 620949 1 (NLM classifi cation: WR 350)
ISSN 0251-0111
2011 ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ © ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ :ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ :ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ،11371 ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﺮﺼﻧ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ،7608 .ﺏ.ﺹ ،ﻱﺭﻮﻬﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﺯﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻉﺭﺎﺷ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ GAP@emro.who.int :ﻲﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﺪﻳﺮﺑ ، 00202-26702492 :ﺲﻛﺎﻓ ، 00202-267025350 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺃﺭ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ ﻻ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻱﺃ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻌﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺮﻄﻗ ﻱﻷ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ .ﺪﻌﺑ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ًﺎﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖَﻔَﺘُﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻂﺋﺍﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻄﻘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﻮﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ .ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻱﺃ ًﻼﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻛﺰﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺼﺨﺗ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ ﻻ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺻ ﺔﻬﺟ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻙﻮﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺗ ﻢﺗ ،ﻮﻬﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺄﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﺩﺮﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻟ .ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻬﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ ﻱﺮﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻣ .ﺭﻮﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺻ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﻮﻘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺬﺨﺗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻊﻘﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺿ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺤﻳﺮﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ءﺍﻮﺳ ،ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﺿ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺓﺭﻮﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ .ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ءﺍﺮﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ،ﻝﺎﺣ ﺔﻳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ .ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ .ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻌﺒﻃ 2011 ﻲﻓ ﺕﺮﺸﻧ
ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
ix ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻮﺘﻗﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ءﺎﻀﻋﺃ
xiii ﺓﺮﺼﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ
xv ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
1 ﺔﻴﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺓﺬﺒﻧ .1
3 ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ .2
3 ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ 1-2
3 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 1-1-2 6 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 2-1-2 7 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 3-1-2 7 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 4-1-2 7 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 5-1-2 8 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 6-1-2 8 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 7-1-2 9 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 8-1-2 9 ﺮﺜﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 9-1-2 9 ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 10-1-2 10 ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ 11-1-2
10 ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺛﺎﺒﻟﺍ 2-2
10 ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺛﺎﺒﻟﺍ 1-2-2
11 ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 2-2-2
12 ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 3-2-2 12 ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻤﺑ ﺏﻮﺤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 4-2-2
13 ﺮﺜﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 5-2-2
13 ﺲﻛﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 6-2-2
13 ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 7-2-2
14 ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 8-2-2
14 ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ 3-2
15 ﻑﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻣ 1-3-2
15 ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﺬﻟﺍ 2-3-2
17 ﻑﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ 3-3-2
18 ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ 4-3-2
18 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 4-2
18 ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ 1-4-2
19 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ 2-4-2
19 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ 3-4-2
20 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ 4-4-2
20 ﻝﺰﻨﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﺰﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 5-4-2 21 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 6-4-2 22 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 7-4-2
23 ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ 5-2
23 ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ 1-5-2
24 ﻑﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻣ 2-5-2
24 ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ 3-5-2
28 ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ 4-5-2
30 ﻞﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﻔﻛ 5-5-2
30 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ 6-2
31 ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﺆﺒﻟﺍ 1-6-2
33 ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ 2-6-2
34 ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟﺍ ءﻮﺳ 3-6-2
34 ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ 4-6-2
34 ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ 5-6-2
35 ﺥﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺗ 6-6-2
36 ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﻤﺘﻟﺍ 7-6-2
37 ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ 8-6-2
38 ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ 9-6-2
38 ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻮﺴﻤﻟﺍ 10-6-2
41 ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ .3
41 ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ 1-3
41 ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 1-1-3
43 ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 2-1-3
44 ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 3-1-3
44 ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 4-1-3 45 ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ 5-1-3
46 ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ 2-3
46 ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ 1-2-3
46 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ 2-2-3
48 ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ 3-2-3
55 ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﻷﺍ 4-2-3
65 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻘﺗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ 5-2-3 63 ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ 6-2-3
63 ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﻻﺍ 3-3
63 ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻠﻟ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ 1-3-3
64 ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻠﻟ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ 2-3-3
65 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ 4-3
65 ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ 1-4-3
65 ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 2-4-3
ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﻱﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 3-4-3
66 ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﻱﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ 4-4-3
68 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
68 ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ 5-3
68 ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ 1-5-3
69 ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ 2-5-3
71 ﻞﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ 3-5-3
72 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ 6-3
72 ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ 1-6-3
73 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ 2-6-3
73 ﺔﻴﺷﺎﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ 3-6-3
74 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ 7-3 75 ﺭﺎﻄﺘﺧﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺪﺤﻤﻟﺍ 1-7-3 76 ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺑﺍﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﻭﺩﺮﻤﻟﺍ 2-7-3
77 ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺗﺇ 3-7-3
78 ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ 4-7-3 79
79 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ءﺐﻋ .4
79 ﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ًﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ 1-4
94 ﻱﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ءﺐﻌﻟﺍ 2-4
97 ﻲﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻜﻠﻟ ًﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ .5 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 1-5 97 (ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻏﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ) ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 1-1-5
97 ﺔﻳﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺷ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 2-1-5 ﻪﺒﺷ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺏﻮﻨﺟﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ
99 ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 3-1-5
100 ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ
ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺭﺆﺑ 4-1-5 100 ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻣ ﻲﺒﻠﻛ ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻀﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻒﻴﻀﻣ ﻊﻣ
103 ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 2-5 ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺮُﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 3-5
105 ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﻭ
105 ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 4-5 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻴﺛﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 5-5
107 ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺏﺎﻀﻫ
108 ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 6-5 110 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 7-5 111 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 8-5 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 9-5
112 ﺔﻴﻠﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ
ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 10-5
113 ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
113 ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 11-5 114 ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ 12-5
115 ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ .6
116 ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ءﺰﺠﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ 1-6
116 ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ 1-1-6
117 ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻬﻨﺘﺳﺍ 2-1-6
117 ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ 2-6
117 ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ 1-2-6
117 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺟ 2-2-6
120 ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻒﺑﺮﻌﺗ 3-2-6
120 ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺍ 4-2-6
120 ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺧ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻ ﻲﻤﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﻹﺍ 5-2-6
120 ﺪﺻﺮﺘﻟﺍ 3-6
121 ﻲﺋﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻆـﱡﻘﻴـﱠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ 4-6
122 ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺮﻟﺍ 5-6
125 ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟﺍ .7
125 ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇﻭ ﻍﻼﺑﻹﺍ 1-7
125 ﻥﻮﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ءﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ 2-7
126 ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ءﺎﻛﺫﺇﻭ ﺓﻮﻋﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ 3-7
126 ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ 4-7
127 ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻘﺜﺘﻟﺍ .8
127 ﻲﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻘﺜﺘﻟﺍ 1-8
127 ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ 2-8
131 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ .9
131 ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ 1-9
132 ﻱﺮﺒﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ 2-9
132 ﺎﻫﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ 3-9
132 ؟ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ 1-3-9
133 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻀﻤﺑ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ 2-3-9
133 ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ 3-3-9
135 ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ .10 137 ﺮﻴﻳﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣﻭ ﻑﺍﺮﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ .1 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ 149 ﺓﺩﻭﺮﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺮﻃ .2 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ 157 ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟ ًﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ .3 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ 159 ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍءﺍﺮﺟﺇ .4 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ 163 K39 ﻊﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻹﺍ ءﺍﺩﺃ .5 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ 167 ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ .6 ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻟﺍ
،ﻥﻮﺘﻗﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ءﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍﻭ
1
ءﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ
Professor Richard W. Ashford, former Professor of Parasite and Vector Biology at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Dr Caryn Bern (Rapporteur), Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Professor Marleen Boelaert, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
Emeritus Professor Anthony Bryceson (Chairman), Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Dr François Chappuis, Division of International and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
Professor Simon Croft, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Professor Jean-Pierre Dedet, Université Montpellier 1 and National Reference Centre for Leishmania, Montpellier, France
Dr Philippe Desjeux, institute for One World Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
1 Unable to attend: Professor Yahya Dowlati, Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran; Dr Elizabeth F. Rangel, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Dr Luigi Gradoni, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Professor Robert R. Killick-Kendrick, former Professor at the Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
Professor Elmer Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Alexander von Humbodt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Peruana Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
Dr Rogelio López-Vélez, Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Professor Farrokh Modabber, Medicines For Neglected Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
Professor Suman Rijal, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
Professor Afi f Ben Salah, Epidemiology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
Dr Poonam Salotra, Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
Professor Nancy Gore Saravia (Vice-chairperson), Scientifi c Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Scientifi c Director CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
Professor Jeffrey Jon Shaw, Parasitology Department, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Professor Shyam Sundar (Co-rapporteur), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Emeritus Professor Chandreshwar P. Thakur, Patna Medical College, India
Dr Dinesh Mondal, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Professor Guilherme L. Werneck, Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ﻥﻭﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ
Professor Hannah Akuffo, Karolinska Institute and Swedish International Development Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
Dr Abraham Aseffa, Deputy Director, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Dr Pierre Buffet, Parasitology Service, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and UMR945 INSERM, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
Dr Dia-Eldin Elnaiem, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
Professor Nirmal K. Ganguly, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
Dr Ahmed Mudawi Musa Mohammed, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Dr Koert Ritmeijer, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Heads of WHO collaborating centres
ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧﻭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﺳﺅﺭ
Dr Carmen Cañavate, WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Carlos III Health Institute, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
Professor Hechmi Louzir, WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Pasteur Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
Representatives of WHO regional offices
ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻮﻠﺜﻤﻣ
Dr R. Andraghetti, Medical Offi cer, Communicable Diseases Unit, WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr D. Argaw Dagne, Medical Offi cer, WHO Country Offi ce, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Dr R. Ben Ismail, Medical Offi cer, Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Offi ce for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt Dr S. Bhattacharya, Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Offi ce
for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
Dr R. Gusmao, Medical Offi cer, Communicable Diseases, WHO Pan American Health Organisation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﺃ
Dr J. Alvar, Medical Offi cer, Leishmaniasis Programme, Innovative and Intensifi ed Disease Management, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Dr B. Arana, Medical Offi cer, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
Dr M. den Boer, Leishmaniasis Programme, Innovative and Intensifi ed Disease Management, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases (Temporary adviser)
Dr J. Jannin, Coordinator, Innovative and Intensifi ed Disease Management, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Professor G. Matlashewski, Leader, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
Dr P. Olliaro, Leader, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
Dr R. Velayudhan, Vector Ecology and Management, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Dr L. Savioli, Director, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases Professor I.D. Vélez, Leishmaniasis Programme, Innovative and
Intensified Disease Management, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases (Short-term consultant)
ﺓﺮﺼﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ
BCG bacillus Calmette-Guérin
ﻥﺍﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﻴﻤﻟﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻋ
DDT
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
ﻥﺎﺜﻳﺇ ﻭﺭﻮﻠﻛ ﻲﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻴﻨﻴﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﻭﺭﻮﻠﻛ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ (.ﺕ .ﺩ .ﺩ) ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻠﻟ ﺪﻴﺒﻣ
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ﻢﻳﺰﻧﻹﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﺘﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
HIV human immunodefi ciency virus
ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻓ
IFAT immunofl uorescence antibody test
ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻘﻟﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ
IL interleukin
ﻦﻴﻛﻮﻟﺮﺘﻧﺇ
NNN Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle
ﻝﻮﻜﻴﻧ - ﻞﻴﻨﻛﺎﻣ -ﻲﻓﻮﻧ
PCR polymerase chain reaction
ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﻤﻴﻟﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ
PKDL post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ
TNF tumour necrosing factor
ﻡﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﺨﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
USA United States of America
ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ
USAMRU United States Army Medical Research Unit
ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ
WHO World Health Organization
ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ
WHOPES WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme
ﻡﺍﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺒﻣ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻳﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ًﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻝﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﺮﻄﺨﻟ ًﺎﺿﺮﻌﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻣ 350 ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳﻭ ؛ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ءﺍﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻘﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺮﻃ ،ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ .ًﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻧﻮﻴﻠﻣ ﻊﻘﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺳﺃ ﺖﻀﻔﺨﻧﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﻮﺗﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻭ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺗ ؛ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺮﺴﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺿﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺪﻌﻣ ﻒﻴﺨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﺍﺯﺎﻣ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻣ .ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺪﻳﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ،2007 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻣﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺕ َﺯ ِﺮــﺣُﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺨﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﻳ .ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ 13-60 .ﻉ.ﺹ.ﺝﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻗ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺗ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﻻﺪﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﺴﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻊﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻟ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻗﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻬﻟﻭ .1990 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﺑ ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﻪﺗﺪﻋﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻤﻟ 2010 ﺱﺭﺎﻣ/ﺭﺍﺫﺁ 26-22 ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺮﻣ ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻟ ﺖﻌﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﺽﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺨﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺢﺿﻮﺗﻭ .1990 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕََﺪ ِﻋُﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﻻﺪﻟﺍ .ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﺜﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻯﺮﺟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺨﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗﻭ ﺮﻴﺑﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺗﻭ ،ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺬﺧﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻠﻟ ﻲﺟﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗﻭ .ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺭﺎﻄﺘﺧﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻛ ﺥﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻮﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺕﺎﻨّﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻼﻌﻟﺍ .(PKDL) ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺖﺒﺛ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻣ .ًﺎﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻣ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺚﺣ ﻯﺮﺟﻭ .ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﻄﺧ ﺺﻘﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﺚﻴﺣﻭ ﺓﺮﺛﺄﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺪﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻞﺑ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻠﻟ ًﺎﺤﺿﺍﻭ ًﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﻓﻮﻳ ﻻ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺇ .ﺞﻣﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ًﺎﺣﺎﺤﻟﺇ .ءﺐﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻫﺎﺠﺗ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ءﺐﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ءﺎﻛﺫﺇ
ﺔﻴﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺓﺬﺒﻧ .1
،ﻍﺮﺒﻧﺪﻨﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺖﻳﺍﺭﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺩﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺸﻴﻟﻭ ،ﻲﻜﺴﻓﻭﺭﻮﺑﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻬﻐﻨﻴﻧﺎﻛ ﻡﺎﻗ ،ﺮﺸﻋ ﻊﺳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﻭﺭ ﺪﻟﺎﻧﻭﺭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻒﺸﻜﺑ ﺓﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻛ ،ﺎﻧﺎﻴﻓﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﻓﻻﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺛﺎﻛ ﻒﺸﺘﻛﺍ ،1904 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺠﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ًﺎﻤﺳﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻖﻠﻃﺃﻭ .ﺄﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻘﻔﺑ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﻲﻨﻳﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺪﺣﻭ .ﺮﺒﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﺑ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ 1908 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻋﺩﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺩﺪﺣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ .1912 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﺿﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺖﺒﺒﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻛﺎﺷﻭ ﻑﻮﻤﻴﻛﺎﻳ ﺰَّﻴَﻣ ،1914 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ ءﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺷﺎﻣﺍﺮﻳ ﻒﺻﻭ .ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﻭﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ .1992 ﻡﺎﻋ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﺮﺳ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﺑ ﻦﻴﻄﺴﻠﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺑﻭ ﺮﻟﺩﺃﻭ ،ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺪﻧﺃﻭ ،ﺕﺭﻮﺷﻭ ،ﺙﺎﻨﻴﻣﺍﻮﺳ ﻡﺎﻗ .«ﻞﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺑﺫ» ﺓﺪﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ (ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺢﺟﺭﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ) ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻠﻤﺘﻛﺍ ،ًﺎﻴﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻳﺇﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ .ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺍﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﺳﺃ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺠﻬﺗﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻳﺰﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﻴﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺝﺍﺭﺩﻹ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﻟﺍ .ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ (ﻦﻴﺠﺴﻛﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﺰﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ) DNA ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺁﻭ ﻝﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﻔﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺧﺎﻄﻟ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﻹ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻯﺩﺃ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ .ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻣ ًﺎﻗﺮﻃ ﺖﻟﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﻤﻴﻟﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ (ﻦﻴﺠﺴﻛﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﺰﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﺤﻟﺍ) DNA ﺎﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺪﻘﺘﻓﺍ .ﻡﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺡﺎﺗﺃﻭ ،ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ PCR ﺎﻬﻟﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻯﺮﺟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺪﻴﻬﻳﺪﻟﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ELISA ﻢﻳﺰﻧﻹﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﺘﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ :ﺮﺒﺘﺨﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ ﻦﻴﺘﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻯﺮﺟ ،ًﺎﻋﺎﺒﺗﻭ ؛ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﻏﻮﺗﺎﻣﻭﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺹﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ .ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺦﺴﻨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ K39 ﺪﻀﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﺔﺴﻴﻤﻏ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﻮﻤﻴﺘﻧﻷﺍ 1912 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﻓ ﻞﺧﺩﺃ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟ 1915 ﻡﺎﻋ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻧﻭﺭﺎﻛﻭ ﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻳﺮﻛ ﻱﺩ ﻪﺘﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻘﻋ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻳﺭﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺒﻴﺘﺳ ﺭﺎﻘﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺷﺎﻣﺍﺮﺑ ﺝﺭﺩﺃ ،1922 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻈﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ًﺎﻨﻣﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻤﺧ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﻮﻤﻴﺘﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻻﺇ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ .ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ .ﺎﻬﺑ ﻕﻮﺛﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺟﻼﻋ ﺮﻴﺑﺍﺪﺗ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺺﻘﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﻴﺑ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺎﻴﻨﻴﻛ ﻲﻓ
،ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻌﻳﺭﺫ ًﻼﺸﻓ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﻥﻮﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﺿﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺸﻓ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﺒﺛﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺜﻛﺃﻭ ًﺎﻨﻣﺃ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻳﻭﺩﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺩﺃﻭ .ﺕﺎﻴﻧﻮﻤﻴﺘﻧﻸﻟ (ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺳﻮﻔﺘﻠﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻘﻋﻭ ،1996 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﺤﺸﻟﺍ B ﻦﻴﺴﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﻔﻣﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻘﻌﻟ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟ 2006 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ paromomycin ﻦﻴﺴﻴﻣﻮﻣﻭﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻘﻋﻭ ،2004 ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ miltefosine .ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ) ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻜﻟﺍ ءﺎﺑﻭ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﺃ ﻉﻮﺟﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ 1923-1920 ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺞﻧﻮﻳ ﻲﺒﻣﻮﻛﺎﻣ ﺢﻓﺎﻛ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ Assam ﻡﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻓ (ﺍﺰﻧﻮﻠﻔﻧﻻﺍ) ﺓﺪﻓﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻴﺧﻮﻟﺍ (ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﺷ 80000 ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﺼﺣ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﺿﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ .ﺭﻮﻬﺷ 3 ﺓﺪﻤﻟ ﻉﻮﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﻳﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﻮﻤﻴﺘﻧﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﺒﻤﺑ (ﺭﺄﻔﻟﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺣ) ﻉﻮﺑﺮﻴﻟﺍ ﺊﺑﺎﺨﻣ ﺵﺭ ﺮﻄﻴﺳ .ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻠﻟ ًﻻﺎﻌﻓ ًﺎﺣﺎﺠﻧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻤﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻧﻮﻃﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻧ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺖﺟﺭﺩﺃ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺸﻓ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻘﺣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻊﺳﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺎﺛﺎﻌﺒﻧﺍ ﺕﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻂﺳﻭﻭ USSR ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻴﻓﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺷﻻﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ءﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻰﻔﺘﺧﺍ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻲﻓ .ﺓﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺮﻤﻠﻟ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺎﻳﺭﻼﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻤﺑ ﺵﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍﻭ ﻂﺳﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﺑﺮﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺟ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻜﺑﺯﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺑﺇﻭ ﺭﻮﺤﺠﻠﻟ ﺭﺮﻜﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻃﻮﺗ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ ﺕﺮﻣﺩﻭ ،ﻢﻤﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ (ﺭﺄﻔﻟﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺣ) ﻦﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺮﺟﻭ .ءﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻏ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻼﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺰﻨﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺪﺻﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻟ ًﺎﺣﺎﺠﻧ ﺕﻼﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺒﺟﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺑﻹﺍ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻉﺩﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ .ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺒﻤﺑ ﻝﺯﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺵﺭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺏﻼﻜﻠﻟ -ﺞﻧﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻧ ﺽﻮﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻥﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻰﻔﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺎﺑ Ganges– Brahmaputra Basin ﺍﺮﺗﻮﺑﺎﻤﻫﺍﺮﺑ .ﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻋ ،ﺎﻳﺭﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺼﺌﺘﺳﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻨﻴﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺌﺑﻭﺃ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻦﻃﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻯﺩﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻢﺠﻧﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺍﺩﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺏﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ًﺎﻨﻣﺍﺰﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻔﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺮﻣ ﻝﻭﻷ ﻎﻠﺑﺃﻭ .ﺎﻴﺑﻮﻴﺛﺇ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﻼﻛ ﺮﺸﺘﻧﺍﻭ .ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻑﻻﺁ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺳ ﺢﻣﻼﻤﺑ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺮﻬﻇﻭ .ﻢﻴﻟﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺎﻴﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺪﺘﻣﺍﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺪﻌﻤﺑ ًﺎﺑﻮﺤﺼﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻔﺑ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳﺯﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻛ ﺔﻴﻄﻤﻧ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﻳﻭ .ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻜﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻑﻻﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻣ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻧ ءﺎﺑﻭ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺏﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺩﺃ .ًﺎﻳﺮﻀﺣ ًءﺍﺩ ﺢﺒﺻﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻐﻓﺄﺑ ﻝﻮﺑﺎﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ .ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺌﺟﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻜﺴﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺎﻧ ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﺷﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﺗﻭ ،ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻃ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﺩﻮﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﻞﻗﺍﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺎﺠﺷﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ ﻊﻣ ﺖﻔﻴﻜﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻞﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ .ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺃ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ
ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ .2
ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ
1-2ﱘﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻮﺸﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩ
1-1-2ﺮﻈﻧﺍ) ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻴﻔﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻢﺠﻨﻳ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ .ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺎﻧ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻊﻀﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻎﻠﺑﺃ .(1 ﻝﻭﺪﺠﻟﺍﻭ 1 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ،4-3-2 ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﺤﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﻻﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺽﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻳﺪﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻯﻭﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟﺍ ءﻮﺳ ﺐﻫﺆﻳ . ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﺽﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻈﻟ ،ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻔﺑ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ًﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺳ ﺢﻣﻼﻣ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻊﻣ ًﺎﻴﺋﺎﺑﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ًﺎﻳﺩﺍﺮﻓ ﻭﺃ ،ًﺎﻨﻃﻮﺘﻣ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ .ﻊﺿﻭ ﻞﻛ ﺏﺎﺼﻳﻭ ،ًﺎﻴﺒﺴﻧ ًﺎﻨﻣﺰﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﻳ ،ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﻃﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ 4 ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ،ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻰﺘﺣ .ﺹﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻃﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ًﺍﺮﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻔﺑ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺣ ﺬﻨﻤﻓ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻣ .ﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﻂﺳﻭﻭ ﺏﺮﻏﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻝﺎﻤﺷﻭ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ءﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﺯ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﻛ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻧﻮﻃﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ .ﻦﻴﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺣ ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻌﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ﻎﻠﺑﺃ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻲﻓ .ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺕﻻﺪﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﺎﻳﺃ 10 ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺡﻭﺍﺮﺘﻳ .(7-3ﻭ 6-2 ﻦﻴﻤﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ) ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺗﺭﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻰﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺮﻋﻷﺍﻭ .ًﺎﻴﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ءﺪﺑﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ .ﺮﺴﻳﻷﺍ ﻕﺍﺮَﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﻴﺗﺭﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻓﻭ ،ﻥﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﺺﻘﻧﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻳﺮﻌﺸﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻝﺍﺰﻬﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺪﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺨﻀﺘﺑ ﺏﻮﺤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺏﻮﺤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻢﻟﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻝﺎﺤﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﺨﻀﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ (ﻥﺍﺩﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ) ﺔﻴﻔﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺨﻀﺗ ﺙﺪﺤﻳ ﺪﻗ .ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺸﻏﻷﺍ ﺏﻮﺤﺷﻭ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻄﻤﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻄﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺟ ﺔﻣﺎﺘﻗ .ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻲﻓ ًﺍﺭﺩﺎﻧﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺩﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ .(“ﺔﺘﻴﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻤﺤﻟﺍ” ﻭﺃ “ءﺍﺩﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻤﺤﻟﺍ” ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺍﺯﻼﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﻹﺍ) ءﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﺔﻴﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﺔﻓﺁ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺣﺮﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺟ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻗ ،ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺃ .ﻊﺋﺎﺷ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻯﻭﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ .ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ (ﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻐﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺫﻭ) ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﺧﺪﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺮﻤﻋ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺙﺪﺤﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻊﻴﺑﺎﺳﺃ 3 ﻥﻮﻀﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺃﺪﺒﻳ ﻰﻤﺤﻠﻟ ﺊﺟﺎﻔﻣ ءﺪﺑ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓﺩﺎﺣ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ .ﺔﻧﻮﻃﻮﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﺔﺟﻮﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﻰﻤﺣﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻳﺮﻌﺸﻗ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻋﺮﺴﺑ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ .ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻠﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﻨﺳ ﻰﻟﺇ .ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻓﻭ ،ﻥﺯﻮﻠﻟ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓﻭ ،ﻕﺮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﻠﺒﺗﻭ ،ًﺎﻴﻣﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺗﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﺭﺬﻟﺍ ﻍﻮﻠﺑ ﻊﻣ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ .1 ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ BlastocrithidiaHerpetomonasLeptomonasCrithidia LeishmaniaSauroleishmaniaTrypanosomaPhytomonasEndotrypanum LeishmaniaViannia L. braziliensisL. guyanensis L. guyanensis L. panamensis
L. donovaniL. tropica L. killicki* L. tropica
L. major L. major
L. aethiopica L. aethiopica
L. mexicana L. amazonensisNot pathogenc to humans L.garnhami *Od WordL. braziliensis L. peruvianaUnassgned L. lainsoni L. arabica L. gerbilli L. aristidesi L. enriettil L. deanei L. hertigiNew Word L. mexicana L. pifanoi* L. venezuelensis
Famy Genus Subgenus Speces
Speces compex
Trypanosomatidae L. chagasi* L. donovani L. infantum .ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﺮﻴﻏﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﺲﻔﻧﻲﻫﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍﻲﻓﺔﻴﺳﺎﻏﺎﺸﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ .ﺵﺎﻘﻧﻞﺤﻣﻥﻮﻜﺗﺱﺎﻨﺟﻷﺍﺔﻟﺎﺣ*
ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍﻲﻓﺔﻔﺸﺘﻜﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ .1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺝُﻥَﻱﺱْﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﻔﻟﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ
ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺃﺔﻴﻜﻴﻠﻴﻜﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻴﺛﻹﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻜﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺃﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﻔﻴﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻳﻭﺰﻨﻔﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺃﺔﻴﻣﺎﻬﻧﺍﺮﻐﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺯﺎﻣﻷﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﻐﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻨﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﺸﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺴﻨﻴﻠﻟﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺮﺒﻧﺪﻨﻴﻠﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺮﻴﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺏﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺒﻣﻮﻟﻮﻜﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻳﺯﺍﺮﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻨﺒﻟﺍﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍﻪﱡﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍءﺎﺸﺣﻸﻟﻪﱡﺟﻮﻣﺪﻠﺠﻠﻟﻪﱠﺟﻮﻣﺪﻠﺠﻠﻟﻪﱠﺟﻮﻣﻁﺎﺨﻤﻠﻟﻪﱠﺟﻮﻣ ﺵﺎﻘﻧﻞﺤﻣﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍﺔﻟﺎﺣﺃ ﺵﺎﻘﻧﻞﺤﻣﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍﻲﻓﻊﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍﺏ
،ﻢﻴﺧﻮﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻼﺤﻧﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻘﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﻰﺿﺮﻤﻟﺍ ءﻻﺆﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺢﺟﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﻲﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻑﺰﻧﻭ ،ﺩﺎﺣ ﻱﻮﻠﻛ ﺭﺮﺿﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ،(ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺴﻟﺍ) ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﺑﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻊﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ءﺎﺑﻭ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﺒﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻚﺌﻟﻭﺃ ﺍﺪﻋ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ،ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻠﻟ ﻦﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺭﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ .ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺪﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﺣ ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺓﺩﻮﻬﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻭﺮﻴﻔﺑ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻴﻏ (4-2-3 ﻭ 11-1-2 ﻦﻴﺗﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﺍ) .ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻭ
ﱘﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩ
2-1-2ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺮﺒﻌﺗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺩﻭ ﻢﻴﻟﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﻴﻤﺗ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺢﻣﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﺍ ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺎﻤﺑﺭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻤﻧ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﻴﻔﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ؛ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻓ nodule ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﻭﺃ papule ﺔﻃﺎﻄﺤﻛ “ﺓﺩﻮﻬﻌﻤﻟﺍ” ﺔﻓﻵﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﺗ .ﻰﺿﺮﻤﻠﻟ ًﺎﻴﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻲﻓ crust ﺔﺒﻠﺟ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗﻭ .ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺠﺣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﺘﻟ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋًﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ًﺎﻋﻮﺒﺳﺃ ﺬﺧﺄﺘﻓ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺓﻭﺎﺴﺟﻭ ﺔﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺣ ﺎﻬﻟﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻨﺳ 5 ﻰﺘﺣ ﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺔﺣﺮﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﺗﻭ ﻂﻘﺴﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ scar ﺔﺑﺪﻧ ًﺔﻛﺭﺎﺗ ،ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ًﺎﻴﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺃﺮﺒﺗ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻄﻴﺤﻣ induration ءﺎﺒﻃﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﺙﻭﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺷ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺔﻓﻵﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺗﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ .ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺔﻐﺒﺻ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ .ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺮﻳﺮﺴﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ :ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺔﺴﻤﺧ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻢﺠﻨﻳ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻓﻮﻧﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻴﺛﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻅﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ ًﺍﺮﺗﺍﻮﺗ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ .ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﻮﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻂﻴﺴﺑ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ،ﺓﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ .ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﻛ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ .ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﻴﻄﻤﻧ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻗ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ .ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻄﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ ﻭﺪﺒﺗﻭ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻀﻏ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﺃﺮﺒﺗ .ﻱﻮﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﻟ .ﻥﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ) ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ،ﺔﻤﻟﺆﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻓﺎﺟ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺟ ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻗ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ (ﻱﺮﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻝﻮﻃﺃ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻭﺃ ،ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻀﻏ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺃﺮﺒﺗ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣ .ﺭﻮﻬﺷ 8 ﻰﻟﺇ ﻦﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋ .ﻞﻜﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻫﱠﻮﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﺪﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺎﻣ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏﻭ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻮﻫ ،ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﺋﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺲﻛﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﻵﺍ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ .ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺓﺪﻌﻟ ﻡﻭﺪﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﺽﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻥﺇ .ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﺑﺪﻨﺑ ،ﺔﻓﻮﺸﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺄﻄﺧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺔﻓﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻧ .ﻪﻳﻮﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ .ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺪﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ) ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻢﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ﻻ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻟﺆﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ (ﻲﻔﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺸﻴﻠﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ
