Šu⁄a@òîöbšÔÛa@ÖìÔ§a ð‰a…⁄a@ï™bÔÛa@âbßc@òîöa @ @ @òÛ…bÈÛa@òà×ba@pbߌÜnßë I òЖä½a H @ @ …. @Š™bª@‡bnc@ïãbĐÜ@òäße@ I l H @ @ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ -ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺺﺨﻠﳌﺍ : ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﺜﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻪﺳﺎﺳﺃ ، ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﰲ ﺔـﺻﺎﺧ، ﺎ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻳﺮﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺟﺮﳜ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺳﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﺑ ﻝﻮﳛ ﻭ ، ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲـﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺰـﺘﻟﺍ ﺐـﺟﻭ ، ﺎﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬـﻨﻋ ﻝﻭﱰـﻟﺍ ﺯﻮـﳚ ﻻ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱏﺩﻷﺍ ﺪﳊﺍ ﻞﻔﻜﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﱵﻟﺍ، ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺹﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﺴـﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔـﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲـﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ، ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻼﺧ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺰﻠﺘﺴﲟ ﺔـﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻝﻭﺎﳓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﺎﻧﺎﻤﺿ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ
ﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺄﺸﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﺔـﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌ ﻢﻗﺭ 08 -09 ﺔﻨﺴﻟ 2008 . Summary The principle of a fair trial and a fair set of rules and
regulations that represent an integrated system, the basis of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms and respect them, especially in the face of the state, and converts Dmanath without abuse of power, including pay it for purposes And objectives in the realization of the principle of legality, and to ensure that state this when you govern and Jeb administrative judge's commitment to a set of rules to ensure a minimum of protection that may not go down them or
compromised, and in order to achieve administrative justice. And to ensure that state this when you govern and Jeb
administrative judge's commitment to a set of rules to ensure a minimum of protection that may not go down them or compromised, and in order to achieve administrative justice. That can not be accessed only through a fair legal process, which is known in the district of the French Council of State pre-requisites of a fair and just trial, and through that article tries to study the requirements of a fair trial, fair and
guarantees to the French Council of State
And find out what is the position of the Algerian State Council of the rules and standards of a fair trial and fair in the light of
judicial decisions in this regard and the Code of Civil
Procedure and administrative No. 08-09 for the year 2008 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺎ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﲨ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺪـﻗ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺪـﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻢﺎﻳﺮﺣﻭ ﻢﻬﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻕﻮـﻘﳊﺍ ﺽﺮـﻌﺘﺗ ﺚـﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺎﻬﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﺗ ﻞﻔﻜﻳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﲔـﺑ ﺔـﻧﺯﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻖـﳊﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺮﺘﲢ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ . ﺎﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻣ ﻦ ﰲ ﱴـﺣ ﺎـ ﺱﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ . ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺈﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻳﻭ ﻩﺎﲡﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ . ﹰﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋ ﻭ ) 1 ( ﻗ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺓﺀﺎﺳﺈﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻲـﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺔﻳﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎ ﻦـﻣ ﻚـﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﺮﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻣﻭ ، ﻲﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻪﻴﻘﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺍﺀﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﻀـﺘﻘﲟﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﲝ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﺓﲑﻄﺧ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺔ ﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔ. ﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺪﻘﻟ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺔ ﻝﻼﺧﻹﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﳌ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺿﺍﺮﻏﺃ ﻪﻳﻮﺸﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ
ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻋﺪﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺘﻟﻭ ﻖﺣ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺘﻠﻟﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻜﲤﻭ ﻢﻬﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺐﺴﻧ ﺎﳑ ﻪﺗﺀﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺘﳌﺍ ﻖﺣ ﲔﺑﻭ ﺔﻧﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ . ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺖﺼﻧ ﺪﻗ ﻭ ) 10 ( ﻞـﻜﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺎﳏ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻤﻜﳏ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺺﺨﺷ . ﺃ ﻞﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻝﺎﳎ ﺕﺎـﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺬـﻫ ﻯﺪـﻌﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ؟ ﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻀﺘﻘﲟ ﺔ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ) 2 ( ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻻ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺔﻤ ﰲ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﺇ ﰲ ﺔـﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻒﺸـﻛ ﺔـﻴﳘﺃ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﺘﺗ ﻦﻳﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺔﻴ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﺲﳝ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﲝ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﺼﳋﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻲﻤﲢ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺈﺑ ﻡﺰﻠﻣ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ . ﻯﻮـﻋﺩ ﺔـﻳﺃ ﰲ ﻪـﺗﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻣ ) 3 ( ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺭﻭﺮﻀﳌﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﻹ ﻊﺑﺎـﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﺬـﻫ ﺔـﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺮـﺷﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﺮﺴﻔﺗ ﱂﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ " : ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻻﺍ " ﰲ ﺎـﻤﳍ ﺡﻮـﻨﻤﳌﺍ ﲎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﲎﻌﻣ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﺒﺴﻛﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ . 1 -ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ : ﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﺕ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﳘ ﲔﻃﺮﺷ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ :
ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻁﺮﺸﻟﺍ : ﻉﺍﺰﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﰲ ﺎـ ﻑﺮـﺘﻌﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺣ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ( ﻭ ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻗﻭ ﻱﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚﻭ ﺪـﻗﻭ ، ﺎﻬﻓﺮﺼـﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻳﺪﳉﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ،ﺎﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻣ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻭ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻪﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻭﺃ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺕﻮﺒﺛ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺐﺼﻨﻳ ﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻠﻛ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻟﻻﺩﻭ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﻣ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﺖﻠﻤ ﺔـﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻪﻣﻮﻬﻔﲟ ﺬﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﻴﲢ ﱃﺇﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻉﺯﺎﻨﺘﳌﺍ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻟﺍ ﻖـﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑ ﺎﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻔﺿﺃ ﻥﺄﺑ ،ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻁﺮﺸﻟﺍ : ﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻦـﻣ ﻡﺍﺰـﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻖـﲝ ﺎﻘﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻉ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻓ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﺿﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ " ﺕﺎـﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻣ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﺔﻳﺃ ﰲ " ﻭﺃ " ﱐﺪـﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ " ﺮﺼـﺘﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖـﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ،ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻠﻟ ﰲﺮﳊﺍ ﲎﻌﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﳕﺇﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻉﺍﺰﻧ ﻱﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻑﺮﺼﻨﻳ ﺎ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﻱﻮﺘﺴﻳﻭ ،ﻡﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻪﻋﻭﺮﻔﺑ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ . ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﺎﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻳ " ﻥﺍﻮﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﺪﻤﳏ " ﻭ" ﻲـﺳﺮﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﺪﻤﳏ " ﰲ ﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻔﺼـﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟ ﻪﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﺐﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺎ ﻮﻫ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ " ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ) ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ( ﻉﺍﱰـﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﻖﺤﻠﻟ ) 4 ( " ﺮﺼـﺘﻘﻳ ﻻﻭ ﺔـﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴـﳌﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ) 5 ( ، ﻻﺩ ﻪﻟ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﺔﺟﻭﺩﺰﻣ ﺔﻟ : ﱃﺇ ﺔـﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺮﺼﻨﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ
ﺔـﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ) 6 ( ﱃﺇﻭ ، ﻑﺮﺼـﻨﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﰲ ﻞـﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻗ ﻭ ﻞﺜﳌ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻀﺧ ﱃﺇ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻦـﻣ ﺔـﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﲔﻧﺍﻮـﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸـﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﺳ ﲔﺣ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻠﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﻉﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺎ ﻱﺪﻬﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻲـﻫﻭ ، ﺔـﻳﺎﻤﳊﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﻳﺪﺟ ﻉﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔـﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﺻ ﻩﺭﺮﻘﻳ ﺺﻧ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﱴﺣ ، ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺿﺮﺘﻔﻣ ﺒﳌﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻣ ﺖﲢ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﺩﻮﺴﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻮﺼﺘﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻠﻓ ، ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎ ﻦﻤﻀـﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﳏﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻣ ﻩﺬﻬﻛ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ . ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎـﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺖﻌﺿﻭ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ . ﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺴﻧﺮﻓ ﰲ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﺮ 1970 ﻪـﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﹰﺎﳎﺪﻨﻣ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻲ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﺪـﻋﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﹰﺎﻌـﺳﻮﻣ ﹰﺍﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺲﻠﺍ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﺍﺬﻭ ، ﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺎ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﺿ . 2 ﺚﺣﺎـﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺃﺭ : ﱃﺇ ﺔـﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪـﻟﺍ ﻯﺪـﻌﺘﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺩﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍ ﺔﻔﺼـﻨﻣ ﺔـﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌﺒﺘﺴﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ) ﻉﺍﱰـﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ( ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﻮـﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻌـﺿﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺫﺎﻣﻭ ؟ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟ ﺔﻌﺿﺎﺧ ﻕﻮﻘﲝ ﺎﻘﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ؟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ
ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻕﻮـﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺰﻠﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟ ﻊﻀﲣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻡﻮـﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬـﻫ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﳑ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺒﺋﺎﺻ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺑﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﺍﺮﺻﺎﻗ ﻪ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﻞـﳘﺃ ﻪﻧﻷ ﻖﻴﺿﻭ ﺍﺮﺻﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﻌﳚ ﺎﳑ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎـﳌ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﺿ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻖﺷ ﺎﳍﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺘﲢ ﻱﻮﻄﻨﻳ : ﻡﺎﺤﲟ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻠﳎﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻊﻓﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﻌﺗﻭ ﻲﻣﺎﳏ ﺭﻮﻀﲝ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲ ﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻ ﻡﺎﺤﲟ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﺜﲤ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺕ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ . ﻻ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻕﻮـﻘﳊﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺐﻫﺫ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺮـﺘﻔﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﱴﺣ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ، ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﺎ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻡﺎﺤﲟ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﻷ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺎ ﺕﺎـﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻕﻮـﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻥﺃ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﻪﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺟﻭﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍ ﺎﳌ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺖﲢ ﻱﻮﻄﻨﻳ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ . 3 ﻱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻳﺮـﺒﺗ : ﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺧﺩﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕ ﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻕ ﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﺕ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻥﺃ ﱠﻻﺇ ، ﺔـﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴـﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻳ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ ﻖﻴﻀﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻒﻘﺗ ﱂ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ " ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ " ﻌﺗ ﺫﺇ ، ،ﻊﺳﻭﺃﻭ ﺐﺣﺭﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﳎﻭ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺗﺪ
ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻰﺤﺿﺄﻓ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﹰﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﱂ ﻮﻟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ) 6 ( ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ . ﺓﱪﻌﻟﺎـﻓ ﻑﺍﺮـﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻐﺒﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻒﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﲏﻌﲟ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ) ﱐﺪﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺋﺍﺰﺟ ( ﻦـﻣ ﻥﺎـﻛ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﻛﻭ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻴﲢ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻟﻻﺩ ﺎﻬﳘﺃﻭ ﺔ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ) ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺹﺎﺧ ( ﻦﻣ ﺝﺮﲣ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺍﺪﺣﻭ " ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ " ﺎﻳﺪـﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺰـﻴﻤﳌﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﳉﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﲡ ﻥﺃﻭ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻠﻟ " ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ " ﰲ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ) 06 ( ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔـﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺓﺭﻮﻄﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻ ﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻲ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻨﺼـﺗ ﻯﺮـﺟ ﺕﻻﺎﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺷ ﻱﺃ ، ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ ﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﺖﲢ ﺎﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻰ ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ : ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺪﻏ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻖـﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﺔﻔﺼـﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻀـﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﲟ ﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻱ ﰲ ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﻭﺍﺰﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻓﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻦﻋ ﺐﻴﺒﻃ ﻒﻗﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﺑ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻩﺭﺪﺻﺃ ﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻢﻜﺣ 10 / 01 / 2000 ﺲﻠﺍ ﺢﺿﻭﺃ ، ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ) 06 ( ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﺿ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻨﺘـﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺴـﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺘﻗﺆﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﻘﻳﺈﺑ ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ
ﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻬﻛ ﺀﺍﺰﺟ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﻜﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻦـﻣ ﲏﻌﳌﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺮﳛ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻧﺄ ﱐﺪﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﺍﺫ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺪﻐﻴﻓ ،ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻨﻬﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ) 7 ( . ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺐﻫﺫ ﹰﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﺑ 19 / 01 / 2000 ﺎـﻴﺋﺎ ﺏﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﺩﺮﻄﺑ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱯﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻰﻀﻗ ﺫﺇ ﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲏـﻌﳌﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻪﻴ ﺓﺩﺎﻬـﺷ ﺯﺍﺮﺣﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﻁﺮﺘﺸﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻭﺃ ) 8 ( . ﺏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﺗ ﻞﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻻ ﻡﺃ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻣ ) ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ( ؟ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﺑ ﻩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺐﻫﺫ 20 / 04 / 2004 ﻪﻧﺃ ﱃﺇ " : ﺕﺎـﺒﺛﺇ ﺐـﳚ ﺮﻀـﺤﲟ ﻭﺃ ﻒﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﹼﻗﻮﻣ ﻡﻼﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺑ ﻲﲰﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﹼﰎ ﻝﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﰲ ﻪﻧﺃ ،ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻀﳑ ﻲﲰﺭ ﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﺛﻹ ﻑﺎـﻛ ﲑـﻏ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻣﻼﺘﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﲏﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﺟ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﻪﺋﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ . ﺀﺍﺮـﺟﺇ ﺐـﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻝﻮﺜﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻒﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳﻭ ﺪـﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﳚ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻞﺧﺪﻳ ﺎﻳﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﱐﻮﻧ . ﺍﺩﺎـﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻖﺣ ﰲ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺍﻭﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﹼﳌ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣﻭ ﺎﻜﺣﺃ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ 25 ﻢﻗﺭ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ 84 -10 ﺥﺭﺆﳌﺍ
ﰲ 14 ﻲﻔﻧﺎﺟ 1984 ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺤﺻ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ ﻡ ﻡﺎـﻣﺃ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﻺﻟ ﻢﻫﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺽﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﰲ ﺍﻭﺆﻄﺧﺃ ﺪﻗ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ) 9 ( . ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﻒﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻝﺰﻌﺑ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱯﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﻴﲝ ﻦـﻣﻭ ﻉﺎﻓﺪـﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻣ ﲏﻌﳌﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺘﻳ ﺎﳌ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻘﻋ ﲑﺑﺍﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺬﺨ . ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻉﺯﺎﻨﺘﳌﺍ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﰲ ﺓﱪﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺖﺤﺿﻭﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻒﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺛﺁﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻀﻣﻭ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﰲ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗ ،ﻻﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻣ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺍﺫ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﲏﻌﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻘﺒﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ) 10 ( . ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮـﻘﻟﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎـﻘﺒﻄﻨﻣ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻰﺤﺿﺃ ،ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻻﺎﻤﻋﺇﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺀﺎـﻨﺑ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﺔﺼﺧﺭ ﺢﻨﻣ ﺾﻓﺭ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﻉﺰﻧﻭ ﺀﻼﻴﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺾـﻓﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻭﺃ ﱯﻳﺮﻀـﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺃ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻉﺍﺰﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺔﻨﻬﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺰﻣ ﺔﺼﺧﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﺒﻄﻨﻣ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ . ﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻣ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻊ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ) 06 ( ﻩﺬـﻬﻓ ،ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺍﱰـﻟﺍ ﻞـﳏ ﻥﺎـﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺮﻔﺘﻣ ﺾﳏ ﱄﺎﻣ ﻖﲝ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ... ) 11 ( . ﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻖﺒﺳ ﺎﳑ ﺺﻠﳔ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺮﺴﻔﺗ ﱂ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕ " ﻕﻮـﻘﳊﺍ ﱐﺪﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ " ﻩﺮﺼﻘﺗ ﱂﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻟ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲﺮﳊﺍ ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ
ﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺍﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﻪﺗﺮﺴﻓ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺍﺫ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻛ ﱐﺪـﳌﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﰲ ﹰﻼﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ " ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﻴﺋﺎﻀـﻗ ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﳌ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻻ ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺇ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﺻ ﻪﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻭ ﹰﺎﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﹰﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺲﳝ ﺎﻣ ﺩﺮﺠﻤﺒﻓ ، ﻻ ﻡﺃ ﻒﻇﻮﲟ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺐﳚ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻔ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻌﻟﻭ ، ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻩﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺬﺨﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﲑﺑﺍﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻨﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻊـﻨﲟ ﻭﺃ ﺀﻮـﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﺢ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺧﺪﻟﺍ ) 12 ( . ﺎﻀـﳏ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻌﺑﺎﻃ ﺎﳍ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻪﻗﺎﻄﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻨﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﱐﺪﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﻱﺄﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ ﻻﻭ ،ﰊﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗﻭ ) 13 ( . 1 ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻉﺮـﻔﺘﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺾﳏ ﱄﺎﻣ ﻖﲝ ﻪﻨﻋ : ﻱﺪـﻠﺑ ﺢﺑﺬـﻣ ﻖﻠﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﻚﺴـﲤﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﲏﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺰﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻴﺒﺑﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺟﺄﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ . ﻪﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺚﻴﺣ " ﺮﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻖـﺣﻼﻟﺍ ﺭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﻓ ﺀﺎﻀـﻗ ﻯﻮـﻋﺩ ،ﲏﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺮﺟﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﺑﺬﳌﺍ ﻖﻠﻏ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ "... ) 14 ( .
ﻦـﻣ ﺔﺿﻭﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔـﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘ ﺔـﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲨﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﺿﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﻖﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﺟﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﻖﳊﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻄﹼﻠﺴﳌﺍ " : ﻒـﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﺇ ﺴﺗ ﺎﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﺔـﺒﻟﺎﻄﳌﺎﻓ ،ﻼـﻓ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻢﻌﻧ ﺐﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﲢ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻟ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺕﱪﺘﻋﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎـﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻞﳏ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻪﺒﺗﺍﻭﺮﺑ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻒﻇﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ) 15 ( . ﺬﺑﻭ ﲔﻬﺟﻭ ﻭﺃ ﲔﺘﻄﻘﻧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻖﻘﺣ ﻚﻟ : ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ : ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺎﺘﳌﺍ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ : ﻒﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﺓﺀﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻟﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺐﺼﻨﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺒ . ﺓﺀﺍﱪﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺣ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻﻭ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﻡﺮﺣ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻖـﻠﻌﺘﻳﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﲝ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﲑﺒـﺧ ﲔﻴـﻌﺗ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻩﺍﻮﻋﺩ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻤﺘﻠﻳ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺒﳉﺍ ﺔ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻘﺤﺘﺴـﳌﺍ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺳ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺪﺟﻭ ﻥﺇ ﻉﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻎﻠﺒﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﻁﺎﺸـﻨﻟﺍ ﻦـﻋ ﻪـﻔﻗﻮﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺳ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻻ
ﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺠﺳ ﺐﻄﺷﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ ﰲ ﺮﻤﺘﺳﹸﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻒﻧﺄ ﻪﻤﻠﻈﺗ ﺾﻓﺭﻭ . ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻄﺸﻟﺍ ﺝﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﻟ ﰲ ﰎ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ 13 / 08 / 2000 ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴـﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﳛﺮﺼﺗ ﲔﺑ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸـﻣ ﺎﻤﻴـﺳﻻ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴـﳌﺍ ﱄﻮﳑ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﺗﻭ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ 1997 -1998 -1999 ﻭ 2000 . ﺀﺍﺮـﺟﺇ ﺎﻘﺣ ﻰﻋﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺡﺮﺻ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻼﻌﻓ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻪﻘﻘﺣ ﺎﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻳﺮـﺿ ﺽﺮﻓ ﰲ ﺕﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﻗ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺒﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻒـﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺎﻣ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺺﲣ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﺩﺮﻣ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻔﻗﻮﺗ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺎ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻲﻋﺪﺘﺴﺗ ﻻﻭ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻩﺍﻮﻋﺩ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻼﻌﻓ ﻪﻘﻘﺣ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺡﺮﺻ ﺎﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ،ﻪﺼﺤﻓ ﺐﳚ ﺎﺘﲝ ) 16 ( . ﻦـﻣ ﻚـﻟﺫﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻘﳛ ﱂﻭ ،ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻖﻘﺣ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﲔﻬﺟﻭ ﻝﻼﺧ : ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ : ﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻖﻘﺣ ﻪـﻨﻴﺑ ﻪـﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺒﳉﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ ﺎ ﻲـﻔﻨﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﺷ ﻭﺃ ﻝﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻘﻠﻌﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﲔﺑﻭ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ ﰲ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ : ﻥﺃ ﱪﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﺒﳋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﺾﻓﺭ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﺘﲝ ﲏﻘﺗ ﲑﻏ ﻪﺼﺤﻓ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻀـﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻯﺮﻧ ﲔﺤﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻪﺘـﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﳌ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﺧ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ
ﻪﺘـﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻧﺄﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﺣ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺏﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ ﺐﺋﺍﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﱄﺎﳊ ) 17 ( . 3 -ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﲟ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ : ﺔـﻤ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻳ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴـﻧﻭ ﺔﳝﺮﳉﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺕﻮﺒﺛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺇ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺩﺮﳎ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﻢﻬﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎـﺌﻴﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺎﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺜﳝ ﻡﺎﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ " ﻡﺎﻻﺍ " ﲎﻌﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻐﺒﺳﺄﻓ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﻷ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻋﻭ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ " ﻲﲰﺭ ﺭﺎﻄﺧﺇ " ﻪﺒﺘﺸـﻣ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﺔﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺔﳝﺮﺟ ﻪﺑﺎﻜﺗﺭﺎﺑ . ﻫ ﺕﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴ ﻖـﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﺎـﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﰲ ﹰﻼﺧﺍﺩ ﺪﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﲔﺑﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻤﺜﻓ ،ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﺤﻠﻟ ﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﰲ ﻑ ﲑﺴـﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ . ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺎﹰﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍ " ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ " ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭﺃ " ﺔـﻤ ﺔـﻳﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ " ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺩﺪﺼﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻞـﺜﻣ ،ﺔـﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﳍ ﺡﻮﻨﻤﳌﺍ ﰲﺮﳊﺍ ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰـﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺔـﻴﻛﺮﻤﳉﺍ ﺕﺎـﻣﺍﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺎﳐﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺎﳐ ﻻ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺪـﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ
ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻱﺮﺟﺯ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻌﻤﻗ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﺑ ﻒﺼﺘﻳ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ) ﻲﺋﺍﺰﺟ ( ﻎﻠﺒﻣ ﺔﻔﻋﺎﻀﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺎﻓ ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ -ﺪﺗ ﺔـﻴﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴـﳌﺍ ﻕﺎـﻄﻧ ﰲ ﻞﺧ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﻮـﻟﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻳﺃ ﺏﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﲝ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﱄﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﻭﺫ ﻥﺎﻛ . ﺔﻴﻀـﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻳﺮﺟﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺪﹼﻛﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﲑﺧﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺮﻏﻭ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺎﻓ ،ﺎﺄﺸﺑ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻊـﻓﺩ ﻡﺪـﻋ ﻦـﻋ ﺐﺗﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﺢﺿﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺎﺑ ) 18 ( ﻪﺋﺎﻀـﻗ ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺀﺪﺒﻣ ﺡﺮﺻ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ": ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺀﺎﻀـﻘﻟﺍ ﺐـﻠﻄﺘﻳ ،ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺰﻛﺮﲟ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﳉﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﺴﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﻳ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻔﺻ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻪﺒﻴﺼﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﲑﺑﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺖﺤﻴﺗﺃ ﺪﻗ ﻥﺄﺸﻟ " ) 19 ( ﺪـﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻪـﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬـﻫ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻲـﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺪـﺣﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺮﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﳌ ﹰﺍﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨ . ﺕﺎـﺌﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﺎﻣ ﲔﻋ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﲝ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ . ﹰﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﻠﻟﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻣﺎﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻧﺎﻤﺿ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺎﻣﺯﻻ ﹰﺎﺿﺮﺘﻔﻣ ﻭ،ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﺟﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺀﺎﻀـﻘﻟﺍ ﺺﺘـﳜﻭ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻝ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺔﻋﻮﻓﺮﳌﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﲟ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻀﻗﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﲑﻐﻛ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺎـﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻳﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻠﻟ ﺎﹰﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﺊﳚ ﱴﺣﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻢﻜﲝ
ـﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ،ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ،ﻝﺪﻌﻠﻟ ﻰﻋﺪـﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻋﺪ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ . ﲔﻤﻬـﺘﳌﺎﺑ ﺔـﺻﺎﺧ ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﺿ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ ) ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ( ﻥﺃ ﻦـﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ؟ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻝﺄﺴﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻧ ﻑﻮﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻪﻌﺴﻳ . ﺃ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﻔﻛ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﰲﻭ ﺭﻮﺘـﺳﺩ ﺎـﻬﳘﺃﻭ ،ﺕﺪﺠﺘـﺳﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﰲﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ 1989 ﺀﺎﻀـﻘﻟﺍ ﺔـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻱﺃ ﲔﺼﲢ ﺮﻈﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﰎ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ، ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻠﻟ ﹰﺎﺴﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎـﺟ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺖﺛﺪﺣ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺺﻧ ) 143 ( ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ " ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﻦﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ " ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻗ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺇ ﰎ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ، . ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺕﺮﻬﻇﻭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺍﺮﺘﻠﳒﺇ ﰲ ﻢﻈﻋﻷﺍ ﺪﻬﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺛﻭ ﰲ ﺓﺮﻣ ﻝﻭﻷ 1215 ﺍﺭﻮـﻄﺗ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﰒ ، ﲔـﺿﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﳛ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﲔﺿﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﺲﻔﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺮﺒﻋ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺻﺄﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﱃﺇ ﹰﻻﻮﺻﻭ ،ﻢﻬﺋﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻨﺳ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ 1790 ) 20 ( ﹰﺎﻴـﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﹰﺎﻧﺎﻤـﺿ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﺕﺎـﻳﺮﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻖﺤﻠﻟ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﻋﺇﻭ . ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻞﻴﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﹰﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﻳﻻﻭﻭ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻭ .
ﻁﺎﺴﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﺣﺮﻃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺮﲤﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻁﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﲨ ﺖﻬﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺸﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺖﻗﻭ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺮﳎ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻖﻓﻭ ﹰﺍﺩﺪﳏ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺮﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ . ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗﻭ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲔﻌﻳ ﻥﺄﻛ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮـﺟﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻝﺰﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ . ﱠﺎـﳑ ،ﻩﺩﺎـﻴﺣﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺋﺪﺒﻣ ﻞﻤﻜﻳ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ﱵـﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﻋﺪـﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻞﻴﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺿﺎﻗ ﺪﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻯﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﺰﺘﻧﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻳ ﻴﺼﲣﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻣ ﺖﻋﺰﺘﻧﺍ ﻲـﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﹰﺍﲑﻄﺧ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﺎﻫﺮﻈﻨﻟ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺽﺎﻗ ﺺ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﺣﻭ . ﻪﻴـﺿﺎﻗ ﱃﺇ ﺀﺎﺠﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺛﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺖﻨﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﺃ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻢ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻣ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﺔﻳﺁ ﰲ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻈﻧ ﻞﳏ ﻢﻬﺘﻴﻀﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻴﺿﺎﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺮ . ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺮﻓﺍﻮﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﹰﺎﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﻜﻟﻭ : ﺔﺼـﺘﳐ ﺔـﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻩﺬـﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺼﺘﳐﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺔﻤﻜﳏ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺎﳏﻭ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣﻭ . ﺔـﻤﻜﶈﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺼـﻘﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻟﻭ ﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺑ ﻑﺮﺘﻌﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎ ﺎﳍﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺩﺎﻴﺣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﰒ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗﻭ .
1 ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﳍﺍﻭ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ " ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ " ﺪـﻌﺑﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺐﻫﺫ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﺤﻠﻟ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﻋﺇ ﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﺔ ﺔـﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼـﻣ ﱪﺘﻋﺎﻓ ،ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﹰﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺮـﳊﺍ ﲎﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻢﺳﺇﻭ ﻒﺻﻭ ﹰﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ ﻻ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺮﺼﻨﻳ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻟ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ . ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﳍﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﻳ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﰲﻭ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﰲ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ،ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺎﺑ ﺎﳍ ﺊﺸﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﰲ ﺖﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺻ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻳﻭ ﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺔ ﺔـﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﻚـﻠﲤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﺸﻧﺈﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺺﺘﲣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻲﻠﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺩﺮﳎ ﻻ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ . ﺔﻳﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﲑﻏ ﰲ ﺊﺸﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻠﻟ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻳﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﳏ ﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﻱﺯﺍﻮﻳ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻤﻜﳏ ، ﻞﻴـﺻﻷﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺕ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﳌ ﻥﻼﻄﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻀﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ 1960 ﻥﺎـﳉ ﺀﺎﺸـﻧﺈﺑ ﻢﻛﺎـﳏ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﰲ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﲜ ﺺﺘﲣ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ) 21 ( . ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻥﺇ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﰲﻭ " ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ " ﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥ ﺪـﺘﳝ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦـﻬﳌﺍ ﺭﺎـﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﳉ ﻞﻤﺸﻴﻟ ﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺖﺒﻫﺫ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺲﻟﺎﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻦـﻣ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ " : ﺔﺑﺎﻘﻧ ﺔﻠﻈﻣ ﺖﲢ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﳉ ﺔـﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖـﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﺿﺎﺧ ﺀﺎﺒﻃﻷﺍ
ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﳌﺍ ) 6 / 1 ( ،ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮـﻘﳊ ﺔـﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻠﻟ ﻊﻤﺘﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺪﺿ ﻲﻜﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻗﻷ ﻊﻤﺘﺴﺗ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻣﺍﺩﺎﻣ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ . ﰲ ﲑﻴﺒﻨﻧﻮﻣ ﻢﻜﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺪﺘﳝ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ 31 ﺔﻨﺴـﻟ ﻮﻴﻟﻮﻳ 1942 ـﲜ ﻢـﻜﺣﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻮ ﺔـﺟﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺹﺎـﺧ ﻪـﺟﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻊﺿﻮﻳﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ . ﺔـﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﺻ ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﱂﻭ ﰲ ﻱﲑﺗ ﻢﻜﺣ ﰲ ﻻﺇ ﹰﺍﺪﺑﺃ 20 ﻮﻴﻧﻮﻳ 1913 ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺮﻗﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﳉﺍ . ﻭﺩ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻥ . ﺬﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ 07 ﻥﺍﻮـﺟ 2005 ) 21 ( ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍ ﺍﲑﻐﻣ . ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻠﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﻣ ﹰﺍﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﹰﺍﺀﺪﺒﻣ ﺱﺮﻛﻭ ﺼﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻭ ﹰﺎﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﹰﺎﻌﺑﺎﻃ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﺗ ،ﺾﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ﻥﻼﻄﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻦﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺔﻔ ﰲ ﻦﻌﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ 21 ﺮﺑﻮﺘﻛﺃ 2008 ) 22 ( ﺔـﻨﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦـﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺪﺻﻭ ﻊﺑﺎـﻃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻞﺑ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻦﻌﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻗ . ﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﻌـﺳﺍﻭﻭ ﹰﺍﲑﺴﻔ ﺎ ﺎـﻴﺋﺎﻏﻭ ﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﺔ ﺔـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔـﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺈﺑ ﺖﻠﺧﺃ ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ . ﻩﺬـﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﳍﺍﻭ ﺓﺰﻬﺟﻷﺍ .
ﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺽﺭﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺖﺳﺭﺎﻣ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔ ﺚـﻴﺣ ،ﺎﳍ ﻝﻮﻠﳊﺍ ﺩﺎﳚﺇﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺖﺒﻟﺍ ﺼﻨﳌﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺿﺎﻗ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺟﺭﺇ ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻳ ﻢﻴـﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮـﻗﻭ ﲑﺗﺎـﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺹﻮ ﺔـﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮـﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻘﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻀﻘﺗ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ . ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴـﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ ﺲﻟﺎﳎﻭ ﻥﺎﳉ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻛﺎﶈﺎﺑ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻻ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺐﻳﺩﺄ ﺀﺎﻀـﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻬﻴﺒﺷ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻝﻭﺰﺗﻭ ،ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻉﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻭ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﹰﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﳌﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ . ﻡﺰـﺘﻠﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺴـﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺈﺑ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺓﲑـﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﹰﺎﻔﻠﺳ " ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻪﻴـﺿﺎﻗ " ﹰﺎـﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺔﺼـﺘﳐ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻪﺗﺎﻳﺮﺣﻭ ﻪﻗﻮﻘﳊ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺓﺩﺮﳎ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﺑ ﻮﻗﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﹰﺎﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇﻭ ﻉ ﺪـﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻮـﺻﻷﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﻖﺒﻄﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻊﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﲔﻠﻫﺆﻣ ﺓﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻟﺆﻣﻭ ﺔﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﲑﺑﺍﺪﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﹰﺎﻧ. 2 -ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻴﺣ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦـﻋ ﻝﻼﻘﺘـﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﶈﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻦـﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺮﲢ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻀﺧ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺘﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ،ﲏﻬﳌﺍ ﻩﲑﻤﺿﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﻟ ﺓﺎﻀ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﻠﻟ ﺱﺭﺎﳊﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻖﺒﺴﻳ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻞﻴﻗ ﺍﺬﳍﻭ
ﻭﺃ ﺔـﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ ﰲ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻌﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺲﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﳉﺍ . ﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﻯﺮﺟ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺼـﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﲨ ﰲ ﺎ ﱃﺇ ﹰﻻﻮـﺻﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻠﻟ ﻉﻮﻀﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺬـﻫ ﺕﺪـﻛﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ ﺎﳍﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻧﺄﺷ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻻ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﰲ ﹼﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺣ ﻥﺃ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ . ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻲـﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀـﻟﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﻴﺣﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻔﻜﻳ ﺎﲟ ،ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺼﻨﳌﺍ . ﱵـﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﻔﺻ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻐﺑ ﻪﻧﺃ ،ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﳉﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻜﲤ ﺔﻔﺼﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳏ . ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺎﻓ ،ﻪﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻴﺣ ﲔﺑ ﻂﻠﳋﺍ ﺯﻮﳚ ﻻﻭ ﻧﻭﺆﺷ ﰲ ﻪ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺄﺑ . ﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻝ ﻝﻼﻘﺘـﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺎﻓ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻴﳊ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻴﺣ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺜﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺄﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺵﺎﻘﻧ ﻞﳏ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻝﻼﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎـﻛ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﲔﻌﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻤﻀﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻳ ﱂ ﺎﻣ ، ﻩﺩﺎﻴﺣ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺳﻻ ﻩﺩﺮﻔﲟ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ﻻ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ . ﺭﺩﺎﺼـﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﻻ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﰲ ﲏﻌﻣ ﻻﻭ ﻋ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻦﻌﻃ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﲔﺼﲢ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦ ﲑـﻏ ﻥﻮـﻜﺗ ﻞﻴﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻏﺭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺋﺎﺷﻭ ﺔﻓﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﻪﺒﺷ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ .
ﺏ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﳎ ﺀﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﳊ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﲏﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﲎﻌﺗ ﻡﺪـﻗ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻲﺿﺎﻘ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺲﻨﳉﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻗﺮﻔﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﻼﺑﻭ ،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻢﻛﺎﳏ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ) 23 ( . ﻊـﻴﻤﳉﺍ ﻪـﻣﺎﻣﺃ ﻰـﺿﺎﻘﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗﻭ ﻄﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻊـﻴﻤﳉﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﺒ ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ) 24 ( . ﻲـﻜﻟ ﻲـﺿﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﻊﻣ ﰱﺎﻨﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﻑﻭﺮـﻇ ﻑﻼﺘـﺧﻻ ﺎـﻌﺒﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻞﻛ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﳛ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﳝﺮﳉﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻮﻟ ،ﲔﻤﻬﺘﳌﺍ ) 25 ( . ﳏ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﺗ ﻻ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻢﻛﺎ ﲔـﺑ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﻊﺿﻮﻳ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻗﺮﻔﺗ ﻡﺎﻘﺗ ﻻﺃ ﻁﺮﺸﺑ ،ﻢﺋﺍﺮﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﲔﺿﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺃ ) 26 ( . ﺍﺫﺇ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮـﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻒﺋﺍﻮﻄﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻢﻛﺎﳏ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺃﺪﺒﳌﺍ ﻒﻟﺎﳜ ﻻﻭ ﺎﶈﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺮﺸﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﺖﻋﺩ ﺐﺒﺴـﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻊـﻣ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻃ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺹﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﰲ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻓ ﲔﺑ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻃ ) 27 ( . ﺔـﻟﺎﻔﻛ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﺫﺇ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﻔﻜﺑ ﻻﺇ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰐﺄﻳ ﰒ ،ﻻﻭﺃ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ .
ﺃ ﺪﻛﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻢﻴﻣﺄـﺗ ﻻ ﻖﺣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻥ ﺯﻮـﳚ ﻻ ،ﺹﻮﻘﻨﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﻟﺎﻔﻛ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺃﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻣﻷ ﻻﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻣﺍﺮﻛ ﻻﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊ ﻊﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﻭﺩﺮﻳ ﻭﺃ ﻢﺎﻳﺮﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻮﻨﻣﺄﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﻳ ﻪﻧﻭﺪﺑﻭ ،ﻪﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﺍﺪﺘﻋﺍ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻞﻜﻠﻓ ،ﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻪـﺗﺎﻳﺮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀ ﺄﺠﻠﻳ – ﻪﺒﻠـﺳ ﻦـﳑ ﻪﺴﻔﻨﻟ ﻑﺎﺼﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺩﺮﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ،ﺃﺪﺒﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻪﻘﺣ ﻉﺎﻓﺪـﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺱﺪﻘﻣ ﻖﺤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺔﻘﻴﺼﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻟﺎﺻﺃ . ﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺘﺑ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻪﻟ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻻ ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻖﳊﺍ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﻡﺎـﻣﺃ ﲔﺿﺎﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻘﳊﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﺎ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺼﻨﻣ . ﺪـﺣﺃ ﻪـﻣﺪﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﻔﻛ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻡﺰﻟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﺷ ﺎﻣ ،ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﲟ ﻪﺘﻔﻛ ﰲ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻀﻳ ﱴﺣ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻜﶈﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻡﻮﺼﳋﺍ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺯﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ ﻚﻟﺫ ﲑﻐﺑ ﻪﻘﺣ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﻪﺟﻭﺃ ﻦﻣ . ﻲـﻫﻭ ﻡﻮﺼـﳋﺍ ﰲﺮـﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻔﻛ ﻯﲑﻟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﳌﺎﺑ ﲔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺾﻤﻐﻣ ﻚﺴﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺎـﻣ ﺢﺟﺮﻳﻭ ،ﲔﻓﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺞﺠﺣ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻕﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﰲ ﻩﺮﻌﺸﺘﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺰﻳﻭ ،ﺢﺟﺭﻷﺍ ﻴﻀﺘﻘﻳ ﻪ ﺎﺄﺸﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ . ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﺿﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻥﺇ ) 40 ( ﻮـﻔﻜﻣﻭ ﻥﻮﺼﻣ ﻖﺣ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝ ﺱﺎـﻨﻠﻟ ﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸـﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺄﻓ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺿﺎﻗ ﱃﺇ ﺀﺎﺠﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻦﻃ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻩﺪﺴﳚﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﺳﺍﻮﺳ ﻞﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍﻭ . ﺪـﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﺎـﻣﺎﺗ ﺎﺣﻮﺿﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﻣ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻪﻧﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻋ ﻎﺒﺳﺃ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻠﺟ ﺍﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺪﻟﻮﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠ .
