ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا ﺔﻳﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻳرﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟا ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا و ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةرازو ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ةﺎﻴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا مﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠآ ةﺎﻴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا مﻮﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ةارﻮﺘآد ﺔﺣوﺮﻃأ
ﻗﺮﻟا ﻲﺒﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟا ﻢ ناﻮﻴﺤﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻴﻓ عﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ﻡﻭﻤﺴﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﻴﺼ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ﺔﺣوﺮﻃﻷا ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ
ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ
ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ ﻥﺒ
ـ
ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ
ﺔﻴﻫﺯ ﻲﺤﻴﺍﺭﻤ
ﺠﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻨ ﺔﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻀﻨ ﷲﺍ ﻑﻠﺨ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺓﺭﺭﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺓﺭﺭﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺯ ﻲﺤﻴﺍﺭﻤ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻴﻤﺴ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺭ ﺔﻔﻴﻓﺩﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ -ﺔﺒﺎﻨﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﺠﺎﺒ ﻷﺍ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤ لﻭﺤﻟ
ﲔﺘﻳﻭﺍﺮﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﲔﺘﺘﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺐﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ
Chrysanthemum fuscatum
ﻭ
Colocynthis vulgaris
ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﺮﳉﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﻤﻴﳍﺍﻭ ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﺒﻴﳍﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺋﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ
ﻞﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﲟ
ﺔﻤّﺩﻘﻤﻟﺍ 1 ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا 1 . تاﺪﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا
4 1 . 1 . ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟاو ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا 4 1 . 2 . ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﻻﺍ 6 1 . 3 . ﺕﻻﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ 9 2 . ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 11 1.2 ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ 11 2.2 ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ 11 3.2 ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ 12 3 . ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ C. fuscatum ﻭ C. vulgaris
18 1.3 ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ 18 1.1.3 ﺕﺎﺒﻨ Desf. Chrysanthemum fuscatum 18 2.1.3 لﻅﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ Colocynthis vulgaris 20 2.3 ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ 20 1.2.3 لﻅﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ Colocynthis vulgaris 20 2.2.3 ﺕﺎﺒﻨ Desf. Chrysanthemum fuscatum 21 3.3 لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ 23 1.3.3 ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﻭﻤﻭﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﺹﺤﻔﻟﺍ 23 2.3.3 ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ 25 3.3.3 ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ 27 4.3 ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻟﺍ 28 1.4.3 ﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴ C2 8 28 2.4.3 ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘ 8C3 34 3.4.3 ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ P7 ) 8d2 ( 39 1.3.4.3 ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺼ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ P71 ) ﻱﺩﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ( 44 2.3.4.3 ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻟﺍ P73 ) 8D2 ( 52 4.4.3 ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ 114 58 5.4.3 ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ 11E 62 6.4.3 ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ : 8C1 ، 8D1 ، E33 ، E43 ، 11A ، 113 ، 11F 67
ﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ ﺔ 69 ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا 70 ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 72 1 . ﻲﻜﺴﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ 72 1.1 ﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻭﺩﺭﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻟ 72 2.1 ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ 73 3.1 ﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭ 77 1.3.1 ـﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﻟﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ROS 78 4.1 ﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ 79 1.4.1 ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺙﺤﻟﺍ 80 2.4.1 ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ 81 2 . لــــــﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻤ 81 1.2 Isoniazid 82 Rifampicin 2.2 83 3.2 ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ isoniazid ﻭ rifampicin 84 4.2 ﻹﺍ لﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﺘﺴ isoniazid ﻭ rifampicin 85 3 . ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ 86 1.3 ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ 86 2.3 ﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﻲ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ 87 3.3 ﺱﻨﺠﻟ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ Chrysanthemum 89 ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 90 1 . لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻭ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ 90 لﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤ 90 1 . ﺎﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ 90 2 . ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ 90 3 . ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺯﻋ 90 4 . ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ 91 . ﺀﺍﺭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺸﻏﺃ
6
.
ﺀﺍﺮﻤﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﺰﻋ
RBCs 91 ﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ ل 92 1 . ﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﻊﻨﺎﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ ﺓ 92 1.1 ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ C. fuscatum ، C. vulgaris ، H. cheirifolia ) in vivo ( 92 2.1 ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﺒﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ C. fuscatum ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍﻭ in vitro 92 1.2.1 ﺓﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﻲﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ) in vitro ( 92 1.1.2.1 ﻡﺎﻅﻨ Fe2+/ ascorbate 92 2.1.2.1 ﻡﺎﻅﻨ CCl4 /NADPH 92 2.2.1 ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺇ 93 1.2.2.1 ـﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍﺭﺴﻷﺍ O2-° ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻟﺎﺒ ) Luminescence ( 93 2.2.2.1 ـﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍﺭﺴﻷﺍ OH° ) Deoxyribose ( 93 3.2.2.1 ـﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍﺭﺴﻷﺍ DPPH° ) ﻲﻨﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺢﻨﻤﻟﺍ ( 93 3.2.1 ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺒﻠﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 94 2 . ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ C. fuscatum ﺔﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ in vivo لﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻤﺒ INH ﻭ RMP ـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻴﺃ ﻭ INH 94 1.2 ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﺇ in vivo ـﺒ INH ﻭ RMP 94 2.2 ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜ in vivo ـﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺎﺒ isoniazid 95 3.2 ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ 95 1.3.2 ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺘﺎﺘﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤ 95 3 . ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺘﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ C. fuscatum in vitro ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ـﻟﺎﺒ hydrazine 96 1.3 ﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﻉﺭﺍﺯﻤﻟﺍ ﺔ 96 2.3 ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻭﻴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ 96 1.2.3 ـﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ TBARS ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺎﺒ 96 2.2.3 ـﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺴﺘ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ Lactate dehydrogenase ) LDH ( 96 3.2.3 ـﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ succinic dehydrogenase ) SDH ( 97 4.2.3 ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺘﺎﺘﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤ 97 4 . ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺍ in vitro 972.4 ﻲﺌﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ 98 3.4 ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤ ) swelling ( 99 4.4 ﺎﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺴﻜﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ 99 5 . ﺜﺃ ﺭ ﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺹ ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ 100 1.5 ـﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤ Aniline hydroyilase 100 2.5 ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ
(PNP-H) Paranitro phenol hydroxylation
100
3.5 ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ
(ERDM) Erythromycine demethylase
100 4.5 ـﻟﺍ لﻴﻟﺎﺤﺘ Western Blot 101 5.5 ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻌﻤ
(EH) Epoxide hydrolase
101 6 . ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﻤﻴﳍﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ 101 1.6 ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺍﺭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﺭﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺀ 101 7 . ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 103 1.7 ﻲﺌﻭﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ 103 2.7 ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺭﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ 103 2 . ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ 105 1 . ﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺇ ﺓﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﻊﻨﺎ 105 1.1 ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ C. fuscatum ﻭ H. cheirifolia ﻭ C. vulgaris ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ـﺒ ﺔﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ CCl4 ﻥﺍﺫﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﻟ 105 2.1 ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﺭﺜﺃ C. fuscatum ، C. vulgaris ، H. cheirifolia ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﻴﺒﻟﺍ 106 3.1 ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﻊﻨﺎﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ C. fuscatum 108 1.3.1 ـﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ O°-2 108 2.3.1 ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ OH° ﻭ DPPH° 109 3.3.1 ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺒﻠﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ 111 4.3.1 ﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﻲﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺒﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩ 112 ﺔﺸـﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ 113 ﺔـﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ 123
ﻭ RMP ـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻴﺃﻭ INH 1.2 ـﻟ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ C. fuscatum ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ـﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﺭﺠﻟﺎﺒ INH ﻭ RMP in vivo 125 2.2 ـﻟ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ C. fuscatum ـﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻴﺄﺒ ﺽﺭﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻰﻠﻋ INH in vivo ﻥﺍﺫﺭﺠﻟﺎﺒ 128 3 ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ C. fuscatum in vitro ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ـﻟﺎﺒ hydrazine 129 1.3 ﺭﺴﺘ ـﻟﺍ ﺏ LDH 130 2.3 ـﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ SDH 131 3.3 ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍﺭﺜﺃ C. fuscatum in vitro ﺕﻻﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺘﺎﺘﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ـﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ HD 132 ﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟ 134 ﺔﺼﻼـﺨﻟﺍ 144 4 ﺎﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ 145 1.4 ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ 145 1.1.4 ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ 146 2.1.4 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﺸﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ 147 3.1.4 ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ 148 2.4 ﻬﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺴﻜﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎ 149 1.2.4 ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍﺭﺴﻷﺍ 149 2.2.4 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ـﻟﺍ ﺭﺫﺠ ﺩﻴﻟﻭﺘ O°-2 150 2.2.4 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ ـﻟﺍ ﺭﺫﺠ ﺩﻴﻟﻭﺘ O2 150 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ 151 ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ 156 5 . ـﻟ ﻲﻟﻮﻧﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟا ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﺮﺛأ C. fuscatum ﻲﻣزوزوﺮﻜﻴﻤﻟا ﻲﺴآودوﺮﻟا ﺪﻬﺤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ 157 1.5 ﻲﻁﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ in vitro ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻤ ﻥﻤﺔﻟﻭﺯﻌ C. fuscatum ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ـﺒ ﺽﺭﺤﻤﻟﺍ INH ﻭ RMP 158 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ 160
6 ـﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ fuscatum . C ﻭ eirifolia ch . H ﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﺭﺠﻟﺎﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤ in vivo ـﺒ INH ﻭ RMP 165 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ 166 ﺔﺼﻼﺨﻟﺍ 169 7 . ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 170 1.7 ﻲﺌﻭﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ 170 2.7 ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺭﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ 173 ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ 177 ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺇﻭ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ 179 ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﻷﺍ 184 ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻟﺍ 185 RESUME 187 Abstract 189 ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ 191
تاﺮﺼﺘﺨﻤﻟا 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine DNPH 3- methyl chlonthrane 3-MC 5,5 dithiobis-2-nitrobenzene DTNP Acetyl hydrazine AcHD Adinosine diphosphate ADP Adinosine triphosphate ATP Adinosine hydroixylase AH Alanine transaminase ALT Alanine phosphatase ALP Aminopyrine N-demethyase APND Aspartate transaminase AST
Balanced salt solution BSS
Bovine serum albumin BSA Catalase CAT Cyotochrome 450 CYP450 Cytochrome 3A4 CYP3A4 Deuterium DeO Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO Dimethyl formamide DMFO Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine DPPH Glutathione-S-transferase GST Epoxide hydroxilase EH Erythromycin demethylase ERMD
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid EDTA
Ferrous ammonium sulfate FMS Flavinadenine dinucleotide FAD Glutathione GSH Glutathione disulfide GSSG Glutathine reductase GR
Glutathione -6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD Hematocrite Ht Hemoglobine Hb Heteronuclear multiple HMBC
Highperformance thin layer chromatography HPTLC
Hors radish peroxidase HRPase Hydrazine HD Hydroperoxyl HO°2 Inhibition concentration IC50 Malonylaldehydedebis dimethylacetate MDAa Methoxyl O-CH3 Methylthiotetrazolium MTT
Mitochondrial permeability transition PMT
N,N,N´,N´-tetramethyl-p-pheneled diamine TMPD
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH
Nitroblue tetrazolium NBT
Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR
Phenazine methosulfate PMS
Phosphatedyl ehanolamine PE
Phosphate buffer saline PBS Phosphatidyl serine Ps Phosphatedyl choline Pc p-nitrophenol hydroxilase PNP-H
Reactive oxygene species ROS
Respiratory control acid RCR Succinic dehydrogenase SDH Superoxide dismutase SOD Thiobarbuteric acid TBA Trichloroacetic acid TCA Ubiquinol-10 UQ-10 Ubiquinol-9 UQ-9
-ﻦﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﺸﺣﺃ ﰲ ﺮﲝ ﺩﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻦﻘﻳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻭ ﺎﺭﺎﻐﻣ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﰲ ﺩﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﻲﻘﻃﺎﻧ ﱃﺇ . ﺄﺒﻨﺗﻭ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﹼﻥﺃ ﲏﻤﻠﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﲨ ﻞﻴﻠﺳ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺗﺮﻄﻔﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺤﻗﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺯ ﺓﲑﻐﺻ ﱐﺪﺸﻧﺄﻓ ﺔﻟﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺠﲟ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﻷﺍ ﻪ ... -ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﰐﺪﻟﺍﻭﻭ ﱵﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﻲﻫﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻼﻟﺍ ﺖﻣﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻄﻋ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻜﺣ ﺕﺪﺴﲡ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ ... -ﻩﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﻹ ﻝﺎﻣﻭ ﺖﻗﻭﻭ ﺪﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﻔﻧﺃﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﻱﺮﻤﻋ ﻖﻴﻓﺭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﻷﺍ ... -ﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﳊﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟ ﻝﺎﺠﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻴﺳ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﺧﺃﻭ ﻲﺟﻭﺯ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﺩ ... ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻭ ﻯﻮﻘﺗ ﷲﺍ ﻢﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﲔﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻗ ﱃﺇ .... -ﺔﳝﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺮﺳﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ، ﺔﺼﻔﺣ ، ﻰﻠﻴﻟ ﰐﺍﻭﺎﺧﺃﻭ ﲔﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﲨ ﻱﺍﻮﺧﺃ ﱃﺇ ... ﻲﺧﺃ ﺎﻨﺣﺍﻭﺭﺄﺑ ﻢﻬﻌﻣ ﺶﻴﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻟﺯﻻﻭ ﻢﻬﺣﺍﻭﺭﺄﺑ ﺎﻨﻋ ﺍﻮﻠﺣﺭ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻢﻬﲪﺭ ﻱﺎﺗﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﺘﳚﺪﳋﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ .... -ﻪﲪﺭ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺧ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺃ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﺧﺃﻭ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺬﻤﻠﺘﺗ ﻦﺑﺬﻟﺍ ﰐﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﱃﺇ ﷲﺍ ... -ﺎﻨﻣﺁﻭ ﺎﳌﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﺩ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﲏﻃﻭ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻠﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺑﺮﻗ ﺖﻣﺪﻗ ﺪﻫﺎﳎ ﻞﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻀﺗ ﱃﺇﻭ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻞﻛ ﺡﻭﺭ ﱃﺇ ﺍﺰﻳﺰﻋﻭ ...
ﻰﺼﲢ ﻻﻭ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻻ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﻤﻌﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺟﻭ ﺰﻋ ﻖﻟﺎﺨﻠﻟ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺋﺍﺭ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﰲ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﺟ ﺪﻴﻤﳊﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﱃﺇ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻜﺷ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺍ . -ﻴﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺔﻣﺃﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﻤﻬﻓﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺮﲦﺃ ﲔﺘﻠﻟﺍ ﲔﺗﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺃ ﻲﳛﺍﺮﻣ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﻧ ﻊﺑﺭﺄﺑ ﺝﻮﺗ ﺎﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﺍﺪﻨﺳﻭ ﺍﺯﺎﳒﺇﻭ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻨﺒﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻫﺯ . -ﲑﲰ ﺵﺎﻴﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﺧﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﲔﻤﺜﺗﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﺛﺇ ﺎﳍﻮﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﳉ ﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻩﻮﻧﺃ ﺖﲢ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺮﻜﺘﻟ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﳌ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻣ ﻝﻮﳊ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻀﻧ ﷲﺍ ﻒﻠﺧ ﺓ ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ . ﺖﲢ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﲔﺴﺣ ﻲﻗﻭﺪﻧﺩ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻩﻮﻧﺃ ﻥﺃ ﲏﺗﻮﻔﻳ ﻻﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ . ﺘﺳﻸﻟ ﻱﻮﺧﻷﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻱﺮﻜﺷ ﻪﺟﻭﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﰐﲑﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻌﻧ ﱄ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﺗﺭ ﻮﻴﻜﻣ ﺓﺫﺎ . ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﺑ ﻞﺨﺒﺗ ﱂ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﱪﳐ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺓﺪﻴﻟﻭ ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﱪﺘﻌﻣ ﺮﻜﺷﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺛ ﻱﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺎﺑ . -ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻝﻼﻫ ﲔﺴﺣ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺟ ﺏﺎﻬﻳﺇ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺣﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑﻭﺮﻜﻴﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺮﺑﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻪﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﲏﺒﺘﻟ ﺮﻫﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺔﻟﺪﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺪﻴﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ . -ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺕﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻩﺎﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﳌ ﺍ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺵﻮﺑﺎﻛ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻃﺍﻮﻏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺮﻜﺷ . -ﻳﺭﻮﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﲪ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻶﻟ ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﻒﻴﻄﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺶ ﻦﻣ ﻩﻭﺪﺑﺃ ﺎﳌ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺓﺮﻬﺷ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺎﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺗ . -ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﻒﻠﳜ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺖﺧﻸﻟ ﱪﺘﻌﻣ ﺀﺎﻨﺛ ﺓ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻴﻌﻧ ﺔﻠﻴﻟﺩ ﺓﺬﺘﺳﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻃﺎﺳ ﺔﻠﻴﻟﺩ . -ﺍﻮﻋﺩﻭ ﻢﺎﻧﺃﻭ ﻢﻫﱪﺼﻟ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﺔﳝﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﱵﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﱃﺇ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺮﻜﺷ ﺓﺭﺎﳊﺍ ﻢ .
ّﺩﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤ ﺕﺎـﻓﻵﺍ ﻡﻻﺁﻭ ﺔـﺌﺒﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﻘﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻠﻟ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻜﻨﻴ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻻ ﻭ ،ﺎﺠﻫﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﺠﺍﻭﺭ ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﺕﻴﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ لﻜﺒ ﺎﻨﻌﻟﺎﻁﺘ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺅﻴ ﺎﺴﺠﺎﻫ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔ ﺔـﻴﺠﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺯﻻ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻕ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻲﻤﻜﺍﺭﺘﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺇ (OMS) لـﺒ ،ﺭﺫـﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻼﻘﻌﻟﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻘﺘﺸﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺡﻼﻁﺼﻼﻟ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﻟﺎﻌﺘﻭ ﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ لﻜﺸ 50 % ﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻗﺎﻘﻌ ﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻜﻴﻨﻴﻠﻜﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤ ) Velazquez ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 2003 ( ﻥـﻤ ﺕﺎـﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺨ ﺎـﺼ ﺌ ﺹ ﺔﻴﺠﻼﻋ ) Maud ﻭ Hanningto ، 2007 (. ﺏﺭﺎـﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺕﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ لﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩ ﺏﺒﺴﺘﻴ 1,9 ﺎﻴﻭﻨـﺴ ﻥﻭـﻴﻠﻤ ) Francis ، 2006 ( لﺍ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻻﻭ ، isoniazid ﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻨـﺴ ﺫـﻨﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻟﺍ لﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀ 1952 ﺔﻋﺎـﺴﻟﺍ ﻰـﺘﺤ ــﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺒﺘﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺎﺒ Mycobacterium tuberculosi ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎـﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻡـﻬﻟ ﺔـﻴﺎﻗﻭ ،ﺍﺩﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻠﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭ ﻲﺠﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﺒﺎﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﻨﻤﺍﺯﻴ ،ﺔﻌﻗﻭﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻲـﺴﻭﺭﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺩـﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎـﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ لﺜﺎﻤﻴ ﺎﻴﺩﺒﻜ ) Bluck ،ﻥﻭﺭـﺨﺁﻭ 1975 ( ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒﻭ 30 ﹼﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﺽﻭﻤﻐﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﺭﺘﻌﻴ لﺍﺯ ) Yue ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 2004 ( ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﺤﺃ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻻﻭﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻌﻟ ﻭ ، ﻟﺍ ـ isoniazid ) INH ( ﻭﻫﻭ Monoacetylhydrazine ) AcHD ( ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺭـﺒﻋ ﻁـﺸﻨ ﺏﻠﻘﺘـﺴﻤ ﻰـﻟﺇ ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺴﻟﺍ ) Zilly ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 1977 ( ﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻗﺎﻔﺘﺘ ﻭ ـ rifampicin ) RMP ( ﻱﺫـﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻑﺼﻭﻴ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻟﺍ ـ INH ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﺎﻀﺭﺤﻤ ، CYP2E1 ﺎﻴﻨﺠﻴـﺴﻜﻭﺃ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺫﺠﻠﻟ ﺩﻟﻭﻤﻟﺍ ROS ) Clarck ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 1999 (. ﻥﺇ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻫﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ hydrazine ﻭﺃ acetyl hydrazine ﺔﻤﺨﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺎﺒ ﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺯﺎﺘﺴﻭﻤﻴﻬﺒ لﺨﻴ ـ hepatocyte ﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺴﻜﻭﺩ ﺎﺒ ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻴﻀﻌﻟ . ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﻭﺭﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺯﺭﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﺘﻭﺭﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻴﺭﺄﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﺯﻼﺒﻭﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻁﺌﺎﺴﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺴﺘ ـﻠﻟ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﻌﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﻔﻨﺘﺴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﻴﺴﻜﻭ hepatocyte ﻰـﻟﺇ ﺔـﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﻤ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺭﺨﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻫﺩﺘ . ـﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ hepatocyte ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘـﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺈـﺒ لﺨﺩـﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺒﺎ ﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﻓﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﺠﻟ ﻲ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻤﻫﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺭﺒ ﻭﺒﺃ . لﺨﺩﺘﻴ ـﻟﺍ epoxide hydrolase ﺕﻼﻴـﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﻭﺯﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻋﺩﻴ ﻲﻨﻭﻴﺘﺎﺘﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻡ .ﺇ ﻥ ّ ﻲﻋﺩﺘـﺴﻴ ﻲـﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺯﺎﺘﺴﻭﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ لﻼﺘﺨﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻉﻭﻨﺘ ﻉﻭﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻟ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ لﺨﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﻱﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺴﻜﺭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ
ﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻠﻟﻭ ﻤ ﻀ لﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎ ﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ِﺅ ﺨ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺫﺨ ﺭ ﻴ ﺕﺎـﻁﻁﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤـﻀ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻤ ﺔﻁ ﻰﻟﺇ لﺼﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻼﻌﻟﺍ 18 ﺸ ﺏﺼﻨﺍ ﺍﺭﻬ ﺔـﻴﻭﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻟﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ـ N-acetylcysteine ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﻁﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺌﻴﺘﺴﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﻭﻴﺜﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻟ ﻥﻭﻴﺘﺎﺘﻭﻠﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻊﺌﻼﻁ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ (GSH) . ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ N-acetylcysteine ﺭﻭـﻁﻟﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ـﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ cysteine ﺔﻴﺒـﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺎـﻴﻼﺨﻟﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ) Freya ﻭ Garry ، 2001 ( ﺩﺤ ﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ـﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﻼﻤﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻨﻴﻠﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ peroxidase ﺍﺭﺫﺤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ، ﻟ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻴ ﻟﺍ ﺫﻔﻨﺘﺴ ـ GSH ــﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﻴﺜ ﻪﻤﺠﻠﺒ cysteine ) Sailaja ،ﻥﻭﺭـﺨﺁﻭ 2005 (. ﻥﺇ ﻰـﻟﺇ ﺓﺩﻭـﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺸ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻟﺎﺒ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﻪﻋﺎﻀﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﺼﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻁﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ـﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﻨﻓ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓﻭ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ﺔﻋﺭﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﻵﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺩﺤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﺴ ﺔـﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺩﻴـﺼ ﺍﺫ ،ﻱﻭـﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻤﺄﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺩﻴﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺩﻴﺼﻟﺎﻜ لﻠﺨﻠﻟ ﻱﺩﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺯﺂﺘﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺎﺒ لﺨﺩﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺯﻔﻟﺍ . ﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟ ﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻋﻭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺕﺍ ﺯـﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﻱﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻠﻟ ﺢﻨﺎﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﻤﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻌﻴ ﻭ ﺓﺩﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﺨﻤ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﺒ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ Fenton ﻭ Harber-Weiss ﺍﺩـﻋﺍﻭ ﺍﺩﻨـﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻠﻟ ﻟﺍ ﻴﻬ ﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻭﺩﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺯﺎﺘﺴﻭ ) Halliwell ، 1991 (. ﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻬﺸﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻊﻤﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍ 540 ﺜﺤﺒ ﺎ ــﻟﺍ ﺎـﻬﺘﻋﺎﺠﻨ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ sylimarin لﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻙﻭﺸ ﺕﺎﺒﻨ ﺭﻭﺫﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ Cilybum marianum ﺎـﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺹﺍﺭﻗﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺄﺒ ﺝﺭﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻭ ﻔﺸﺘﺴﻺﻟ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺼ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎ ) Ravi ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 2001 .( ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻜ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻭﻜ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺏﺴﻨﺘ ، ﺕﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ـﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺫﺠ Picrorrhiza ﻱﻭﺍﺭﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﺤﻼﻟ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤ ـﻟﺍﻭ Shisandrin ﻱﺩـﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺏﺎـﻬﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﺯﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺩﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺴ ﻯﺩﺒﺃﻭ Dendelion ـﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻬﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﺠﻭ ﻥﺎﻗﺭﻴﻠﻟ ﺎﻌﻨﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ Boldo ﺩﺒﻜﻠﻟ ﺎﻁﺸﻨﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ) Wren ، 1989 ( . لﺜﻤ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻟﻭﺘ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺀﻭﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ Liv,52 ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻭﺭﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻠﺘﻟﺍ ) Shih ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁ ﻭ ، 2005 .( ﺭﻭﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ ﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻟﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺎـﻀﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺭﺤـﺼﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺨﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨ ﺏﺭﺎـﻘﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻁـﺴﻭﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻐﻟﺍ ﻡﻀﻴ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺜﺍﺭﻭﻟﺍ لﻭﺼﻸﻟ ﻥﺯﺎﺨﻤ ـﻟﺍ 650 ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ 500 ﻲﻟﺍﻭﺤ ،ﺎﻋﻭﻨ 25 % لﻴﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ) Ozenda ، 1958 .(
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺩﻘﻟ Chrysanthemum fuscatum ﺔـﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎـﻀ ﺕﺎـﺘﺎﺒﻨ ﻯﺩـﺤﺇ ﺍﺫـﻜﻭ Colocynthis vulgaris ﺭﺒﺨﻤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺭﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﺴﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺏﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﻠﺨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺜﺘ ﺓ ﺀﺎـﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﺒ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜـﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﻲـﺼﻘﺘﺒ ﻙـﻟﺫﻭ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻥﻴﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺠﺭﺩﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺭﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻠﻟ ﺀﺍﺭﺤﺼﻟﺍ ) ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ CRSTRA ( ﺕﺎـﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺘﺒﻨ ﻤﺤﻠﻟ ﺽﻔﺨﻤﻭ ﻲﺌﺍﺫﻏ لﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻟﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻰ ﻡﺩـﻠﻟ ﺭﻬﻁﻤﻭ . ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕـﻟﺩﺃ ﺩـﻗﻭ ﺱﻨﺠ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻟﺍ Chrysanthemum ﺏﺎﻬﺘﻟﻼﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻴ ) UKiya ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 2001 ( ﺎﻴﺭﻴﺘﻜﺒﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤﻭ ) Shunying ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 2005 ( ﻭ ﺓﺩـﺴﻜﻸﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﻭ ) Chen ،ﻥﻭﺭـﺨﺁﻭ 2005 ؛ Bor ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 2006 ( ﻱﺩﺒﻜ ﻲﻗﺍﻭﻭ ) Coprean ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 1991 .( ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻉﻭﻨﻟﺍ fuscatum ﻥﺃ ﻕﺒـﺴﻴ ﻡـﻟ ﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻟ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭ . ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﻟﺎﺒ ﻥـﻋ ﺏﻴﻘﻨﺘ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ . ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺒﻭﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ : 1 . ﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺎﻀﺭﻋ ﻡﻀﻴﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻨ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴ ﺽﺭﻋﻭ ﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻠﻟ ﺩ ﻰﻨﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻲ . 2 . ﻡﻀﻴﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺒ in vivo ﻭ in vitro ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻟ C . fuscatum ﻭ C vulgaris ـﻟ ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ Hertia cheirifolia . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ـﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ INH ـﻟﺍﻭ RMP ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ـﻠﻟ INH ) hydrazine ﻭ acetyl hydrazine (. ﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺎ ﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔ ﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻴﺭﺩﻨﻭﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻭﺩ ﺎ ﻡﻭﺯﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤﻭ ـﻟﺍ hepatocyte ) in vitro (. ﻲﺠﻭﻟﻭﺘﺎﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺌﺎﻗﻭﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ . ﺕﺎﻴﻀﻌﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺼﺭ ـﻟﺍ hepatocyte ﺔﻴﺭﻬﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ) ﺭﻬﺠﻤ ﻲﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻟﺇ ﺭﻬﺠﻤ ﻭ ﻲﺌﻭﻀ ( ـﻟﺍ لﻴﻟﺎﺤﺘﻭ Western blotting .
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تاﺪﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا
ﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻨﻴﻔﻴﻟﻭﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﺒﺘﻌﻤ ﺎﻤﺴﻗ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔ ﺎـﻤ ﺎـﻴﻟﺎﺤ ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻡﺘ ، ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻴ 4674 ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ) Chen ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ 2005 .( ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ 15 ﻡﺴﻘﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜ ﺓﺭﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒ 15 ﻲﻠﻴﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻋ : ، ﻥﻭﻠﻜﺎـﺸﻟﺍ ، ﻥﻭﻓﻼﻓﻭﺯﻴﻷﺍ ، لﻭﻨﺎﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ، لﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ، ﻥﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻭﺜﻨﻷﺍ ، ﻥﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ . ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻴﻠﺠﻷﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻟ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺓﺭﻭـﺼﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺯﻭﻜﻴﻠﺠ ) Elliot ، 1984 ( لﻭﺩﺠﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺩﻤﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ) 1.C .( ﺕﺍﺩـﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻰـﻟﺇ ﺭﺎـﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻫ Geissman ) 1955 ( ـﺒ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻟ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ C6-C3-C6 ) ﻥﻭـﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﻼﺜﺎﻤﻤ .( ﺩـﻗﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻏﻹﺍ ﻡﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﺇ ﻕﺘﺸﺃ Flavus ﺭﻔـﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻭـﻠﻟﺍ ﻲـﻨﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻟﺍﻭ ) Sanni ﻭ Sauvin ، 1952 .(
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ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟاو ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا
ﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﺭﻔﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﺭﺸﺘﻨﺘ ﺔ ﺕﻼﺌﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺜﻤ ،ﺭﻭﺫـﺠﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻫﺯﻷﺍ ،ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺒﺤ ،ﺭﻭﺫﺒﻟﺍ ،ﻑﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺏ ﻊﻠﻁﻟﺍ ) Jurd ﻭ Horowitz ، 1962 .( ﻭـﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺍﻭﺠﻓ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﻬﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ لﺎﺤ ـﻟﺍ Heterosides ﺔﻴﺩﻴﺘﺴﻼﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻜ ﻭﺃ . ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺯـﻨﺒ ﻥﻴﺘﺍﻭـﻨ ﺎﻬﻜﻼﺘﻤﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻀﻴﻷﺍ ﺞﺘﺍﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﻫﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ A ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍﻭ B ﻼﺜ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﺒ ﻥﺎﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﻲﻟﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺜ) 1.C .( O1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' A C B ﻞﻜﺷ ) 1.C ( : يﺪﻴﻧﻮﻗﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻬﻟا ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﺯﻨﺃ ﺕﺎﻁﺒﺎـﻀ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﺘﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺴﻜﺃ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻤﻜ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لﺨﺩﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻐﺒﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﻊﺌﻼﻁﻭ ) Middleton ، 1996 .( ﻭـﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﻴـﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻤﺭﻬﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ . ﺔـﻴﻠﻴﻔﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘﻭ
ﺔﻴﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔﻌﺸﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ) Bruneton ، 1993 .( ﺕﺎـﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﻟﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻟﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﻟﺎﻋ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺓﺯـﻴﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﺯﺍﺭﻓﻹﺍ ﺩﺩـﻐﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻀﺤ لﺠﺴ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﻴ ﻻ ﺔﺤﺌﺍﺭﻟ ﺱﺩﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤ ) Starvic ﻭ Matula ، 1992 ( . ﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ لﺠﺴﻭ ﻟ chrysin ﻭ quercetin ﻭ galangin ﺒ propolis ﺭﺎﺠـﺸﺃ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﻡﻋﺍﺭـﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻌﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻴﺯﻨﺃ لﻀﻔﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﺨﺘ ﺫﺇ لﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺩﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺼﻟﺍ ) Attaway ، 1994 .( لﻭﺩﺠ ) 1.C (: ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ OH ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ Apigenin Luteolin 5, 7, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R = H Flavone Kaempferol Quercetin 5, 7, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R=OH Flavonol O R O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' Naringenin Butin 5, 7, 4’ 7, 3’, 4’ R = H Flavanone (dihydroflavone) Fustin Taxifolin 7, 3’, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R=OH Flavanonol (dihydroflavonol) O R O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 2-phenyl chromone Gallocatechin Catechin 5, 7, 3’, 4’, 5’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R = H Catechin (flavonol-3) Leucocyanidin Leucodelphinidin 5, 7, 3’, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R=OH Leucoanthocyanidin (flavandiol-3,4) O OH R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 2-phenyl chromanes Apigenidin Luteolidin 5, 7, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ R = H Flavylium (Anthocyan) Cyanidin Delphinidin R = OH (Anthocyanidin) O R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' Flavyliums Daidzein Orobol 7, 4’ 5, 7, 3’, 4’ Isoflavone O O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 3-phenyl chromone Butein Okanin 2’, 4’, 3, 4 2’, 3’, 4’, 3, 4 Chalcone O 5 6 3 4 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 1' 2 1 Chalcone Sulphuretin Maritimetin 6, 3’, 4’ 6, 7, 3’,4’ Aurone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' O O Aurone
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ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻅﺤﻻ Robinson ) 1936 ( ﻴﺘﻴﺯﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺍﻭﻨﻟﺍ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻥ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺜﺍﺭﻭﻟﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﺄﻓ ﺎﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ . ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ) A ( ﺙﻼـﺜ ﻑـﺜﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ malonyl-CoA لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺒﺭﻜ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﺯـﻨﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤ لﻴﺘﺴﺃ acetyl-CoA . ﺍﺩـﺤﻭ ﺙﻼـﺜ ﻑـﻴﺜﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻔﻟﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺤﻨﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﺕ ﻥـﻤ malonyl-CoA ﻰـﻠﻋ ، p-coumaroyl-CoA . لﻜﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ) 2.C .( لﻜـﺸﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻌﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻟ ) 2.C ( ﻱﺫ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻟ C6-C3-C6 ﺩﻴﻨﻭﻗﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺕﺍ . ﻲـﻓ ﻙﻴﺘـﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﻤﺤ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ) A ( ـﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ cyanidin ـﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﺘﻴﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ 14 C لـﻴﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻨﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ، ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻠﻟ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻉﺎﻌﺸﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ ) A ( لﻜﺸﻠﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ) 2.C .( ـﻤﺃ ﺎ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ B ﻟﺍﻭ ﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺔ C3 ِ ﺒ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺄ p-coumaric acid ، shikmic acid ، phenylalanine ﻌﺌﻼﻁ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺘﻜ ﻥﻴﻭ quercetin ﺔﻁﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﺒ ) Jurd ﻭ Horowitz ، 1962 .(
1 . 2 . 1 . نﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻠﻟ يﻮﻴﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻹا ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺃ Davis ) 1955 ( ﺔﻠـﺴﻠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻨﻴﺯﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔـﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻙﻴﻤﻜﻴﺸﻟﺍ ﺽﻤﺤﻟ ﻥﺃ ﺜﻼﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺒﺭﻜﻟﺍ ِ ﺔﻴ C3 C6 ﺯﻭﻜﻭﻠﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ . ﺢﻤﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ـﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﻅﻨﻟﺍ ـ 14 C ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﻲﻟﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻟﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻁﺌﺎﺴﻭﻟﺍ ) 2.C .( ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ) A ( ﻑﺜﺎـﻜﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﺙﻼﺜ malonyl-CoA ) ﻥﻤ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺒﺭﻜ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻟﺍ acetyl-CoA . ﺍﺫـﻜﻫﻭ ﺍ ﺭﺩــﺤﻨﺘ ﻴــﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻭــﻨﻟ ﺔ ﺕﺍﺩــﺤﻭ ﺙﻼــﺜ ﻑﺜﺎــﻜﺘ ﻥــﻤ ﺕﺍﺩــﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ malonyl-CoA ﻰــﻠﻋ p-coumaroyl-CoA ) Harborne ، 1977
(
، لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴﻭ ) 3.C ( ﻥـﻤ ﺎـﻘﻠﻁﻨﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﻥﻭﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ـﻟﺍ phenylalanine ــﻟﺍ ﻭ coumaryl.
OH HO OH OH O Chalcones phenylalanine + 4-coumaroyl-CoA --- → 1,2 1) phenylalanin ammonialyase (PAL) 2) chalcone-synthase (CHS) ﻞﻜﺷ ) 3.C : ( نﻮﻜﻟﺎﺸﻠﻟ يﻮﻴﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻹا
phénylalanine + 4-coumaroyl-CoAl (1) (2) OH HO OH OH O 2,4,6,4'-tetrahydroxy chalcone O O OH HO OH O OH OH HO OH O O OH HO OH OH Flavanone O O OH HO OH OH (8) (6) Dihydroflavanol Leuco-anthocyanidine Polymérisation OH O O OH HO OH (4) (5) (11) Flavonol Flavone O CH OH OH HO (7) (6) O HO OH OH O O OH OH HO OH Flavan-4-ol Isoflavone Aurone Polymérisation Phlobaphène Anthocyanidine glucoside O OH HO OH O glucoside Proanthocyanidine (tannins condensés) O HO OH R OH R' O HO OH R OH R' O HO OH R OH R' O HO OH R OH R' OH O HO OH R OH R' OH O HO OH R OH R' OH (3) (9) (10) ﻞﻜﺷ ) 2.C ( : يﺪﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻬﻠﻟ يﻮﻴﺤﻟا عﺎﻨﻄﺻﻹا
1) PAL :Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; 2) CHS :Chalcone synthase ; 3)CHI : Chalcone isomerase ; 4) FNSI :Flavone synthase I ; 5) FNSII : Flavone synthase II ; 6) DFR : Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase ; 7) IFS :
Isoflavone synthase ; 8) FHT:Flavanone-3-hydroxylase ; 9) ANS :Anthocyanine synthase ; 10)FGT : Flavonoid-3-O-glucosyl-transferase ; 11) FLS : Flavonol synthase
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2
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ﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼ ﻥﻭﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻫ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﺒﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻥﻭﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ) 3.C ( ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ، ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺘﺴﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺀﺍﺭﻀﺨﻟﺍ . ﺕﺒﺜﻤﻟﺍ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻴﻭ ﻲـﻀﻴﻷﺍ ﻉﺫـﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ flavanone chalcone ﺔـﻟﻻﺩﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻤﻜﺍﺭﺘﻤ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﺒ لﺴﻠﺴﺘ لﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴﻭ ، ، ﺔـﻠﻜﻟﻷﺍ ، ﺓﺩـﺴﻜﻷﺍ ، ﺏـﻜﺎﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟ ﺓﺯﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺯﻨﻷﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺯﻨﻷﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺴﻴ ﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻭ ، ﺔﻠ ) Harborne ، 1964 .( ﺴﻗﺃ ﺔﺴﻤﺨ ﺩﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺹﺍﻭﺨﻟﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻡﺎ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻻﺩﻴﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻭﻴﺒﻟﺍ :naringenin, citromistin, hesperidin, eriodictyole : Flavanones luteolin, hispidulin, acacetin, apigenin : Flavones rhamnetin, morine, myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin : Flavonols -pelargonidine, cyanidin, anthocyanidines, : FlavyliumsFlavanols -وأ Catechins afzelecol, theoflavin : ﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﺩﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻭﺩﺠ ) 1.C (. ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﻨﻴﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺓﺭﺠﻫ C-2 ﻘﻠﺤﻠﻟ ﻊـﻗﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻰـﻟﺇ ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔ C-3 لـﻜﻴﻫ isoflavones . ﻥـﻤ لـﻜ ﻲـﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ لﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ : coumestanes, aurones, chalcones ) Mabry ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 1970 .( ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﻴﻭ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ) OH ( ﺴﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ لﻴ ) OCH3 ( ﻥﻤ ﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻊ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ O-glycoside ﻭﺃ C-glycoside ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔـﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﻴﻓﺍﻭﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ؛ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺓﺭﻤﻠﺒ ، ﺔﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺤﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ؛ﺕﻻﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺓﺭـﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻑﺭـﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎـﺌﻴﺯﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺒ tanins ) Jurd ﻭ Horowitz ، 1962 .( ﺕﺎـﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لـﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻲﻟﺍﻭﺤ ﺕﻻﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ 80 % ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ . ﺕﺎـﺌﻴﺯﺠ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘﻭ flavanones ﻭ dihydroflavonols ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﺒ ) C2-C3 ( ﺔﻠﻴﻜـﺸﺘ ﻥﻭـﻜﺘﻟ ﺔـﻴﻟﺍﺭﻴﻜ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻭ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﻜ C°-2 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ ـﻟ flavanones ﻲـﻫ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ 2S ﺔـﻨﻜﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﻜﺎﻤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺩـﻋ ﻥﻭـﻜﻴ ﺎـﻤﻨﻴﺒ ، ـﻟ flavanols ﻭﻫ ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ OH-4 . ﻭﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺎﻤ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ) 3R, 2R ( لﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻕﻭﺭﻔﻤ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍﻭ . ،ﺕﻻﻭـﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻟﺍ ﺫﻫ ﺔﻌﺒـﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺭـﻴﻏ ﺎـﻬﺘﻼﻴﺜﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ لﻗﺃ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓ ) Harborne ﻭ Mabry ، 1982 .(
1 . 3 . ﺕﻻﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ 1 . 3 . 1 . لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻋﻭﻴﺸ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ 90 % ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ لﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴ ﻥﻴﻌﻀﻭﻤﻟﺎﺒ 5 ، 7 ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺎﺒ A ﻭﻫﻭ ، ﻥﻤ لـﻜﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻱﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ . ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ B ﻊـﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﻴﺴﻜﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻔﻓ 4´ . لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻫ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺕﻼﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻫ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴﻭ 3´ ، 4´ ، ´ 5 لﺨﺩـﺘ ﻥﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺯﻨﺃ hydroxylase . ﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ﻊﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻫ ﺕ 3 ﻥﻭﻜﻟﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺩﻨﻴﻭ ´ 2 ، ´ 6 ) Grise-bach ، 1965 ( لﻜﺸ ) 4.C .( O O OH HO OH O H O O H O H O H O apigenin (a) (b) kaempferol لﻜﺸ ) 4.C ( : ﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻋ 1 . 3 . 2 . لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻡﻴﺯـﻨﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻴﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ O-methyltransferase ) SAH ( لﻴﺜﻤﻠﻟ ﺢﻨﺎﻤﻭ S-adenosylmethionine ) SAM ( ) لﻜﺸ a5.C (. ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺯﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﻴﺜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺫﺠﻟﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺒ C-C ﻤﻜ ﺎ لﻜﺸﻟﺎﺒ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ) b5.C (. O O OH HO OH OH Luteolin SAM SAH
SAM: S-adenosyl methionine SAH: S-adenosyl homocystéine
O O OH HO OH OCH3 Chrysocriol (a)
O HO OH H3C OH OH O 6-C-methyl kaempferol (b) لﻜﺸ ) 5.C a ، b :( لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺘﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺎﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ 1 . 3 . 3 . ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻴﺘﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﺒ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺍﺯﻭـﺴﻜﻫ ﺎـﻤﺇ ﺕﺍﺯﻭﺩﻟﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺯﻭﺭ : D-glucose, D-galactose D-allose, ﺕﺍﺯﻭـﺘﻨﺒﻭﺃ : .L-arabinose, D-xylose ﻙـﻟﺫ ﻥـﻤ ﻰﻨﺜﺘـﺴﻴﻭ ﺯﻭﺘﻜﺭﻔﻟﺍ . ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻋﻭﻨﺘ . ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ ﻡﻴﺯـﻨﺃ ﺩﻭـﺠﻭ ﻲـﻓﻭ ﻱﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ O-glucosyl transferase ﺭﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﺢﻨﺎﻤﻭ ) uridine diphosphateglucose ( لﻜﺸ ) 6.C (. ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎـﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻴﻤﻭﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴ ﺔﺌﻴﺯﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ C6 ﻭ / ﻭﺃ C8 ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻟ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻠﺠﻸﻟ – ﺎﻘﺘﻭ ؛ﻥﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻀﻤﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﻤﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻭ . ﺱﻜﻌﻨـﻴﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻗﺃﻭ ،لﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﺘﻭﺭﺫ ﻎﻠﺒﻴ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ) Harborne ، 1967 ، 1977 .( O O OH HO OH OH OH O O OH HO OH OGlu OH UDP-Glu UDP 3-glucosyl transférase
Quercetin 3-Glucosyl quercetin
a O O OH HO OH arab glu Schaftoside b لﻜﺸ ) 6.C a ، b :( ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ
2 . ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ 1.2 ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻘﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻠﻟ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻔﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﻬﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻊﻘﻴ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺯﻨﺃ ﺏﻁﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻑﻁﻘﻟﺍ glucosidase ، polyphenoloxidase . ﻫﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨ ﺀﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺒ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ لﻤﺎﻌﻴ ﻲﻟﻭﺤﻜ لﻭﻠﺤﻤﺒ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ لﻴﺜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺘﻴﺴﺃ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ،ﺭﻁﻘﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﻨﺎﺘﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻴﻠﺠﻷﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﻲـﻁﺨﻟﺍ n-BuOH ﻪـﻴﻟﺇ ﺄـﺠﻠﻴﻓ ﺭﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﻻ ) Bronner ﻭ Beecher ، 1973 .( 2.2 ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺇ ﻥ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ لﺼﻓ : ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﻕﺭﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ -ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ 1.2.2 ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻘﻟ ﺩﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ لﻭﺄﻜ ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺍﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻗ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻹﺎﺒﻭ ﺩﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺼﻤﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺼﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺫﻤﻟ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻹﺎﺒ UV . ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻨﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺹﻴﻠﻤﺘ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻭ : -ﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺠﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ لﺤﻤ لﺤﻴ ﻥﻷ ﺏﻴﺫﻤﻟﺍ ﺓ . -ﺩﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺘﻤﺃ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﺫﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ . لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺹﻴﻠﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺘﺘﻭ toluen ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ لﻭﻨﺎﺜﻴﻤﻟﺍﺔﻓﺎﻀﺈﺒ ﻪﺌﺎﻨﻏﺇ ﻊﻤ ) . Berthier ، 1972 .( 2.2.2 ﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﺔﻴﺭﻴﻀ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺌﻼﺨ لﺼﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺯﻭﻜﻴﻠﺠﻟﺍ . ﻕﺭﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ Whatman ) 46 ﻡﺴ × 57 ﻡﺴ ( ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻊﻤ ) Harborne ، 1967 .( ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ : 1 -AcOH ﺓﺩﻋﺯﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺒ ﻙﻴﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﻤﺤ 2 -B.A.W. : ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻟﺍ [4/1/5] n-butanol/acetic acid/water
3 -M.A.W. : [4/1/5] methanol/acetic acid/water 4 -T.B.A. : [3/1/1] tertiobutanol/acetic acid/water ﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻜ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻨﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻤﺤﻷﺍ ) Chopin ، 1966 ( 3.2.2 ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺭﻏﻭﺘﺎﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ) ﻙ . ﻁ . ﺭ (. ﺩﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻭﺃ لﺎﺠﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺴﻟﺍﺯﻭﻠﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ DC6 ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻭﻁﻜ . ﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﺔ ﺹﻠﻤﻤﻜ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ : toluen/methanol/methylethylketone : 3 / 3 / 4 toluen -/ petrolium ether / methylethylketone / methanol : 60 / 26 / 7 / 7 water/methanol/methylethylketone/acetylacetone : 1 / 3 / 3 / 13
methanol /acetic acid/ water
: 1 / 1 / 18 ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻤ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺇ ﻊﻤ لﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺤﻭ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺫﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻜ ﻲﻓ . 4.2.2 ﺩﻭﻤﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻘﻨـﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﻋ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻠﻟ ﻯﻭﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺘ لﺠﻷ Sephadex LH-20 ؛ﺹﻠﻤﻤﻜ لﻭﻨﺎﺜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ـﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻭﻤﻋ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ toluen ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻫ ﺏﻗﺍﺭﺘﻟ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻤﺒ UV ) 366 nm .( 3.2 ﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻟ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺔﻟﻭﺼﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻨﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻟ : 1.3.2 ﺔﻌﺸﺃ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻴﻁﻤ UV ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻟﺎﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻑﻴﻁ ﻭﺫ ﻱﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻓ ﺏﻜﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ . ﺩﻘﻟﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﻔﻴﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﻜﻤ ﺕﻻﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻟﺍ ) Mabry ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 1970 .( • ﻲﻟﻭﻨﺎﺜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﻁ ﻲـﻓ لـﻴﻨﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻜﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺒﺘ C-4 ) flavones ﻭ flavonol ( ﻥﻴﺘﺒﺎﺼﻋ . ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ I ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺤﻤﻟﺍ ) 304-385 nm ( ـﻓﻭﻤﺭﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴـﺼﺎﺼﺘﻤﺇ ﺭﻭ cinnamoyl
لﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻴﻭ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒ ) 6.C ( ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺒﺎـﺼﻌﻟﺍ II ) 250-280 nm ( ﺭﻭﻓﻭﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ Benzoyle ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻟﺍ A لﻴﻨﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻊﻤ . ﺕﻻﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ) Harborne ، 1967 .( O O -R A B O O -R A B O O R A B
Benzoyl cinnamoyl benzoyl/cinnamoyl
ﻞﻜﺷ ) 7.C :( ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻌﻟا يرﻮﻓﻮﻣوﺮآ I ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻌﻟاو II ﺩﺠﻟﺍ ﺹﺨﻠﻴﻭ لﻭ ) 2.C ( ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺩﺠ ) 2.C :( ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ UV ﺕﺍﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻠﻟ ) Markham ، 1982 .( يﺪﻴﻧﻮﻓﻼﻔﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻌﻟا I ) nm ( ﺔﺑﺎﺼﻌﻟا II ) nm ( Flavones 310 – 350 250 – 280 ) 3-OR ( Flavonols 330 – 360 250 – 280 ) 3-OH ( Flavonols 350 – 385 250 – 280 Isoflavones ) ﺔﺠﺴآﻷا ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ Isoflavones(5-dehydroxy-6,7 310 --330 245 – 275 Chalcones Aurones 340 – 390 380 – 430 230 – 270 ﺔﻔﻴﻌﺿ ةﺪﺷ Anthocyanes و Anthocyanidines 465 – 560 270 – 280 ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻑﺸﺍﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻁ ﺔﺴﻠﺴ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﺄﺠﻠﻴﻭ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ ﺩﻀﻌﻴ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻟﺍ : • ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﻁ NaOH ﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻟ NaOH ـﻬﻨﻤ ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻨﻭﻓﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻜ ﺎ OH ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ 4' ﻭ 7 ﻭ 3 ، ﻌﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﻨﻴﻭ ﺎﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒ ﻼ ﺔﺒﺎـﺼﻌﻟﺎﺒ ﺭـﺜﻜﺃ ﻰـﻠﺠﺘﻴﻭ I ﻥﺃ ﺙـﻴﺤ ـﺒ لﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺎﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﻭﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺯﻨﻹﺍ OH ﻲﻓ ﺭﺤ 4' ﻭ 3
ﻊﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤ لﻭﻨﻭﻓﻼﻓﻭ 3 ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﻓ ﻑﺸﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴﻭ ؛ 5 ﻕﺌﺎﻗﺩ ) Mabry ﻥﻭﺭـﺨﺁﻭ ، 1970 ( . • ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﻁ AlCl3 ﻭ AlCl3/HCl ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻡﻭﻴﻨﻤﻭﻟﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻭﻠﻜﻟ ﻲﺒﻠﺨﻤﻟﺍ لﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ : ﻥﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﻌﻤ لﻜﺸﺘ 2 ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻟﺎـﺒ ﺓﺭﺤ لﻴﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻫ ) 7 ، 6 ( ortho ، ) 7 ، 8 ( ، ) 3' ، 4' .( -ﻊــﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ لــﻴﻨﻭﺒﺭﺎﻜ ﻊــﻤ ﺔــﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺕﺍﺩــﻘﻌﻤ لﻜــﺸﺘ 4 لﻴــﺴﻜﻭﺭﺩﻴﻫﻭ ﻊــﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ C-3 ﻭﺃ C-5 . ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﺤﺍﺯﺈﺒ I ﺔﻓﺎـﻀﺇ ﺩـﻌﺒ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺕﺍﺩﻘﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ، HCl لﻜﺸ ) 8.C .( ﺩـﻌﺒ ﺔـﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﺤﺍﺯﺇ ﻑﻴﻁﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﻁﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ AlCl3 ﻥﺃ ﹼﻻﺃ ، HCl ﻑﻴﻁﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻅﻔﺘﺤﻴ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺴﺒﻴﻫ ﺔﺤﺍﺯﺇ ﺏﺒﺴﺘ ﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜﻭﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﺤﺍﺯﺈ I لﻭﻨﺎﺜﻴﻤﻟﺎﺒ لﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ ) Mabry ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ، 1970 ( . O OH HO O OH O O HO O O AlCl3 HClaq Al Cl O OH OH HO O OH O O HO O O Al Cl O Al Cl Cl OH OH HO O O O Al Cl Cl AlCl3 HClaq O OH OH OH HO O O O O Al Cl O Al Cl O Cl HO AlCl3 O OH OH O Al Cl O Cl HO HCl
