Residential Standards Canada: 1965. Supplement No. 5 to the National Building Code of Canada

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•

RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS

CANADA

1965

SUPPLEMENT No.5 TO THE

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

OF CANADA

Issued

by

the

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCil

OTTAWA, CANADA

Printed in Canada

_{NRC No. 8251}

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ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

1963-1964

R. F. Legget (Chairman) E. A. Alleut D.C.Beam A. E. Bridges A. J. Cameron S. D. C. Chutter A. F. Duffus J. J. Dussault H. Elder J. H. Jenkins J. S. Johannson S. D. Lash G. C. Lount J. P. Lupien :Deceased Jul~: 1965. H. H. G. Moody (;. S. Moone:v':" A. T.Muir J. H. Palmason B. Pelletier R. B. Rolland S. A. Sasso A. Tubby

A. E. Berry (ex officio) R. E. Bolton (ex officio) J. L. Davies (ex officio) C. G. E. Downing (ex officio) D. T. Wright (ex officio) J. M. Robertson (Secretary)

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RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS

CANADA

1965

SUPPLEMENT No.5 TO THE

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

OF CANADA

Issued

by

the

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

OTTAWA, CANADA

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Associate Committee on the

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

National Research Council

Canada

FOREWORD

Residential Standards 1965 represents a consolidation of Housing Standards 1963, previously published as Supplement No.5 to the National Building Code of Canada, and Apartment Standards published originally by Central Mortgage and Housing Cor-poration, but more recently by the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council. This new Supplement No.5 to the 1965 edition of the National Building Code contains for the first time, all regulations necessary for the control of residential construction in Canada.

It must be emphasized the document is essentially a set of minimum requirements for good and safe practice in residential construction. Residential Standards 1965 will be used as such by Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation in the administration of lending under the N alional Housing Act.

Since this document sets out minimum requirements only, its use can in no way interfere with the construction of residential accommodation to higher standards than are set forth herein, when this is desirable. It is hoped it will provide a useful founda-tion for such higher standards when they have to be used. Correspondingly. although the document describes generally systems of residential construction in use in Canada today. its use should in no way impede the introduction of new materials and methods when these can be shown to satisfy the performance requirements that are met by materials and methods in current use. The authority having jurisdiction is empowered to accept such new ideas, as indicated in clause 9.1.6 of Part 9 of the National Building Code reproduced in the Residential Standards 1965.

It has long been hoped to effect a consolidation of all Canadian housing regula-tions. The production of this document is the result of careful policy direction given to the Associate Committee on the National Building Code by its Advisory Housing Group and with the continued technical assistance of its Standing Committee on Residential Standards.

It will be found that Residential Standards 1965 contains essentially the Housing Standards 1963 revised in accordance with all revision slips issued since January 1963, together with essential information on the design of apartments. Detailed requirements are given for apartments up to 3 storeys in height and planning requirements for all types of residential construction. Such matters as the structural design of larger apart-ment buildings is naturally covered in Part 4 of the National Building Code.

Changes will be seen in the indexing of the Standards and in the. supplementary information about wood. The decimal numbering system used for the Housing Stand-ards 1963 has been changed and a more simple system has been introduced together with a subdivision into small single subject chapters.

The more commonly used span tables have been retained and are reproduced at the end of the Standards. The omitted valuable information is to be published in con-venient form along with other similar subjects by the Forest Products Research Branch as one of their own publications entitled "Span Tables for Joists and Rafters for Houses". (iii)

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Part 9 of the National Building Code has also been conveniently reproduced in this volume. This is now essentially a performance code requirement, but so worded that the authority having jurisdiction will have full control of residential construction whether or not he uses the Residential Standards 1965 as a guide to good practice, as suggested in clause 9.1.2.

Residential Standards, Canada, 1965 contains information on subjects which are not mentioned in the National Building Code. This information is required for its other role, that of providing regulations for residential building under the National Housing Act. Only material supplementing the National Building Code is in heavy type. In addition, and to form a further link between the two documents, every article in the National Building Code which refers to the Standards is marked thus**. Users of the Standards, and particularly those who consider its use as a supplement to Part 9 of the National Building Code, are requested to note carefully the difference between the Standards in heavy and light type. Both are minimum requirements but the former are related directly to the National Building Code and include subjects considered suitable for municipal by-laws. The latter are likewise minima for their intended purpose but the subjects are those which are not likely to receive recognition in enabling legislation.

It is the desire of the Associate Committee, now that this consolidated set of standards for residential construction has been produced, to improve steadily its value and convenience, while keeping its provisions in line with the advances in building practice in Canada. With this in view, the Associate Committee is establishing a new Standing Committee on Residential Standards which will replace the two previous committees already mentioned. There will be considerable overlapping of membership between old and new committees and the usual balance of membership and wide national geographical distribution will again be achieved.

The Standing Committee on Residential Standards will be responsible to the Asso-ciate Committee not only for keeping the Standards up-to-date, but also for advising on the priorities that should be given to the many building research projects which the continuing revision of this document will always suggest. Only through the regular application of the results of research work can the technical character of the standards be steadily improved.

It is anticipated that, because this is the first edition of the consolidated document, an early revised edition will probably be necessary. Tentatively. this is planned for publication on 1st January 1966, after the present document will have been in use for a year. With this in view. comments upon the Residential Standards will be cordially welcomed by the Associate Committee, together with notification of omis-sions and suggestions for its improve:nent. It will be helpful if these could be submit-ted no later than I September 1966. All comments should be submitted in writing to:

The Secretary,

Associate Committee on the National Building Code, National Research Council

Ottawa, Canada

Comments received on the Housing Standards were greatly appreciated and proved to be most helpful in steadily improving their usefulness.

Anticipating confidently a continuation of such constructive assistance from interested users of the Standards, the Associate Committee on the National Building Code looks forward to carrying on its great task of so developing the Residential Standards, as also the whole National Building Code, that they will be of the greatest possible service in ensuring the proper control of building throughout Canada in the interest of public safety and well being.

1 January 1965. Robert F. Legget, Chairman ACNBC. (iv) ¥

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""f

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NATIONAL BUilDING CODE OF CANADA, 1965

Pages

PART 9, HOUSiNG... . . .

3

NBC 1965 SUPPLEMENT NO.5, RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS,

CANADA, 1965

SECTIONS

1 General Performance. . . .

9

2 Building Planning. . . . .. 12

3

Exits and Means of Egress. . . .. 16

4

Fire Protection. . . . .. 19

5 Sound Control. . . . . . .. 26

6 Excavations... ... ... 27

7 Concrete... 28

8 Footings and Foundations. . . .. 29

9 Columns... 31

10 Slabs on Ground. . . . .. 32

11

Crawl Spaces ... "

33

12 Waterproofing and Dampproofing. . . . .. 34

13 Drainage... 35

14 Masonry and Masonry Veneer above Foundations... . . .. 36

15 Chimneys and Flue Pipes. . . .. 43

16 Fireplaces... ... 45

17 Wood Frame Construction ... "

46

18 Post, Beam and Plank Construction. . . . .. 55

19 Plank Frame Wall Construction. . . .. 57

20 Thermal Insulation and Vapour Barriers ... "

58

21

Roofing... . . . .. 60

22 Siding... 67

23 Stucco... 71

24 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes. . . .. 74

25 Flooring... 78

26 Windows... 81

27 Doors... 83

28 Stairs, Handrails, Guards. . . .. 87

29 Painting... 89

30 Plumbing... 90

31

Ventilation... 94

32 Heating... 96

33 Electrical... 101

34 Elevators ... 103

35 Walkways, Driveways and Parking Areas. . . .. 104

36 Site Improvement. . . .. 106

37 Garages and Carports. . . .. 108

(v)

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APPENDICES

Appendix 'A' -

Fire and Sound Resistance. . . .. 109

Table lA Fire and sound resistance of walls .... , 111

Table 2A Fire resistance of exterior wood stud

walls ... 112

Table 3A Fire and sound resistance of floors. . . .. 113

Appendix 'B' -

Span tables for ioists, rafters and beams. . . . .. 117

Table lB Ceiling ioists -

attic not accessible by

Table 2B

Table 3B

Table 4B

Table 5B

Table 6B

Table 7B

Table 8B

Table 9B

a stairway. . . .. 120

Floor ioists -

living quarters. . . .. 122

Ceiling ioists -

attic accessible by a

stairway and floor ioists in bedrooms

(houses only). . . .. 124

Roof ioists -

supporting ceiling -

SOp sf

live load. . . . .. 126

Roof ioists -

supporting ceiling -

40psf

live load. . . .. 128

Roof ioists -

supporting ceiling -

30psf

live load. . . .. 130

Roof ioists -

supporting ceiling -

20psf

live load. . . .. 132

Rafters - not supporting ceiling -

50 and

40psf live load. . . .. 134

Rafters - not supporting ceiling - 30 and

20psf live load. . . .. 136

Table lOB Maximum spans for built up wood

beams in basements, cellars and crawl

spaces for 2 storey houses. . . . .. 138

Table 118 Maximum spans for built up wood

beams in basements, cellars and crawl

spaces for 1 storey houses ... 139

Table 12B Maximum spans for steel beams in

basements, cellars and crawl spaces in

houses ... 140

Appendix 'C' -

Nailing and Stapling Tables ... 143

Table lC Nailing Table ... 145

Table 2C Stapling Table. . . . .. 147

Appendix 'D' -

Grade Markings of Canadian Lumber ... 149

(vi) r

)

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF CANADA 1965

PART 9

HOUSING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 9.1

General. . .

3

Section 9.2

Definitions... . . .

4

Section 9.3

Building Planning. . . .

4

Section 9.4

Fire Protection. . . .

5

Section 9.5

Excavations... . . .

5

Section 9.6

Foundations... . . .

5

Section 9.7

Dampproofing, Waterproofing and Drainage. . .

5

Section 9.8

Masonry...

5

Section 9.9

Wood Frame Construction. . . .

6

Section 9.10 Vapour Barrier. . . .

6

Section 9.11 Roofing...

6

Section 9.12 Siding...

6

Section 9.13 Interior Walls, Ceiling Finish. . . .

6

Section 9.14 Floors...

6

Section 9.15 Windows...

6

Section 9.16 Stairs...

7

Section 9.17 Plumbing

&

Sanitary Facilities. . . .

7

Section 9.18 Ventilation... ... ...

7

Section 9.19 Heating...

7

Section 9.20 Electrical Services. . . .

8

Section 9.21 Elevators...

8

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!

PART 9

HOUSING

SECTION 9.1 GENERAL

9.1.1. The requirements of Part 9 shall apply to the design, construc-tion and the alteraconstruc-tion of houses and apartment buildings.

9.1.2. In this Part where the term "good practice" is used the appro-priate provisions in the Residential Standards as published by the National Research Council shall be used as a guide by the authority

having jurisdiction to satisfy the requirement. (References of this kind in this Part are marked thus**.)

9.1.3. A building shall be designed in such a manner that under the conditions of design loading, permissible material stresses will not be exceeded.

9.1.4. The sizes of members transferring loads shall be determined in accordance with good practice*'" .

9.1.5. All materials shall possess the essential properties necessary to perform their intended functions in the structure. All materials, in-cluding used materials, shall conform to appropriate standard specifica-tions such as are included in the Residential Standards published by the National Research Council.

9.1.6. Materials, methods and equipment not specified in this Part are permitted provided that their suitability has been established to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction

(a) by test,

(b) by actual performance, or

(c) according to recognized engineering principles.

9.1.7. Where approval for material. methods or equipment is to be based on tests, the test methods shaH,

(a) be those published by a recognized agency (b) where no published test methods exist

(i) tests shall be designed to simulate or exceed anticipated service conditions, or

(ii) tests shall be designed to compare the performance of a material or component with an approved material or com-ponent for the same intended use in the building that has given satisfactory service.

Tests shall be carried out by a testing laboratory acceptable to the

authority having jurisdiction.

Workmanship

9.1.S. Workmanship of a standard equal to good building practice is required by this Part.

Drawings and Specifications

9.1.9. Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, drawings and specifications shall be submitted for each building or group of

buildings as required in NBC l.S.S.(d).

·Words in italics are defined in Section 9.2 or in Part 2.

**See Subsection 9.1.2.

3

Application Design Materials and Specifica-tions Test methods for materials and equipment Drawings Required

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4

Space dimensions Number of exits required Location of an exit Width of exit Doors in stairs and exits Exits in apartment buildings PART 9 HOUSING

Construction Safety Measures

9.1.10. Precautions shall be taken at all times during construction to provide safety for the public and workmen as required in accordance with good practice.

**

9.1.11. Any requirements for the design and construction of houses and

apartment buildings not contained in this Part shall be deemed to be

adequately covered if in conformity with good practice.*· SECTION 9.2 DEFINmONS

9.2.1. "Apartment Building" means a type of multiple dwelling

com-prising of three or more dwelling units with shared entrances and other essential facilities and services and with shared exit facilities above the first storey.

9.2.2. "Dwelling unit" means two or more rooms used or intended for

the domestic use of one or more individuals living as a single house-keeping unit, with cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities.

9.2.3. "House" means a building other than an apartment building

that contains one or more dwelling units provided that there is not more than one dwelling unit above another, and there are not more than 2 storeys above the top of a foundation where the building con-tains more than one dwelling unit.

SECTION 9.3 BUILDING PLANNING

9.3.1. The dimensions of all spaces in houses and apartment buildings that are intended for human use such as room sizes and dimensions, ceiling heights and doorway dimensions shall be in accordance with good practice.**

Exits

9.3.2.(1) Where there is one or more than one dwelling unit in a house

each dwelling unit shall have

(a) one exit that serves only the one dwelling unit, or (b) at least two separate and independent exits

(i) both of which are common to two or more dwelling units, or

(ii) one of which is common to two or more dwelling units and the other of which is an exterior stair.

9.3.2.(2) An exit as required by article 9.3.2.(1) shall not pass through (a) an attached or built-in garage, or

(b) a room or dwelling unit not under the immediate control of the occupants of the first dwelling unit.

9.3.2.(3) The minimum width of exits shall be in accordance with good practice. **

9.3.2.(4) Where a door swings toward a stair, the full arc Of its swing shall be over a landing at the top or bottom of a stair.

9.3.2.(5) All doors in exits and access to exits shall open in the direc-tion of travel to the exterior.

9.3.2.(6) In addition to the requirements for houses in 9.3.2.(2), addi-tional requirements for exits and access to exits shall be in accordance with good practice. **

"See Subsection 9.1. 2.

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PART 9 HOUSING

Access to Attie and en". Space

9.3.1.(7) At least one opening shall be provided as access to every attic or crawl space in accordance with good practice.

**

SECTION 9.4 FIRE PROTECfION

9.4.1. Appropriate requirements for the protection of life in the event of fire and to restrict the spread of fire throughout the building or to other buildings shall be in accordance with good practice.

**

SECTION 9.5 EXCAVATIONS

9.5.1. Where excavations, are made and back filling is placed as part of the work of constructing a foundation for a building, the work shall be done in conformance with good practice.

**

SECTION 9.6 FOUNDATIONS

9.6.1. A building shall be adequately supported by foundations accord-ing to good practice.

* *

9.6.1. Foundations shall be interpreted to include footings and piling, walls, posts, piers, pilasters, rafts, slabs, grade beams, grillages or de-sign forms which extend below grade for the purpose of supporting the

building on the ground.

9.6.3. Footings shall be proportioned according to good practice** to ensure a minimum of differential movement.

9.6.4.(1) Except as permitted in sentence (2), footings shall rest on undisturbed soil or rock.

(1) Footings may be supported on consolidated fill or unstable soil provided the footings are designed for existing conditions in a manner acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

SECTION 9.7 DAMPPROOFING, WATERPROOFING AND DRAINAGE

9.7.1. Foundation walls, floors of basements or cellars, slabs on grade, and crawl spaces shall be constructed to resist the passage of water and water vapour in accordance with good practice.**

9.7.1. Unless otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, all exterior foundation walls and crawl spaces shall be drained in ac-cordance with good practice.

SECTION 9.8 MASONRY Interpreta-tion Footings Soil under footings

9.8.1. All materials used for masonry units and cementitious materials Materials shall conform with the requirements of 9.1.5.

9.8.1. Mortar mixes shall be proportioned in accordance with good practice.

*

*

9.8.3. All masonry walls shall be supported on masonry, concrete or steel.

9.8.4. Every masollry wall shall be designed and constructed to resist Thickness the imposed loads, and in no case shall the thickness of solid exterior

walls. cavity walls, masonry veneer. interior load bearing masonry

partitions and walls and interior non load bearing partitions and walls and parapet walls be less than the minimum good practice.

'* *

~'*See Suh;;ection 9.1.2.

5

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Support of load-bearing members Flashing and caulking Materials Prevention of decay Vapour barrier required Finish Finish PART 9 HOUSING

9.S.S. Adequate support in accordance with good practice

* *

shall be provided for joists, rafters, beams, columns or any other member which bears on masonry and carries a concentration of load. 9.S.6 All details of masonry construction including such features as flashing, connections and caulking shall be in accordance with good practice.

**

SECTION 9.9 WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION

9.9.1. All material for wood frame construction including used lumber shall conform to the requirements of 9.1.5.

9.9.2. All members shall be so framed, anchored, fastened, tied and braced together to provide the strength and rigidity necessary for the purpose for which they are used and in accordance with good prac-tice.

**

9.9.3. Framing members shall not be notched or drilled other than in accordance with good practice. * *

9.9.4. Ends of joists or beams and other members framing into mason-ry or concrete at or below grade shall be treated with preservative or designed in accordance with good practice** to prevent decay. SECTION 9.10 VAPOUR BARRIER

9.10. All insulations of a type which when installed do not effectively limit the passage of water vapour over the entire surface shall be pro-tected in accordance with good practice, ** with a vapour barrier lo-cated on the warm side of the insulation as near the interior surface as"possible.

SECTION 9.11 ROOFING

9.11. All roofs shall be protected with roof covering in accordance with good practice, ** including flashing where necessary to be installed so as to

(a) shed rain, and

(b) prevent water due to ice damming or other causes from entering the roof.

SECTION 9.12 SIDING

9.12. Exterior walls shall be protected with a siding in accordance with good practice** including flashing and trim where necessary which shall provide a reasonably durable surface and shall shed water. SECTION 9.13 INTERIOR WALLS, CEILING FINISH

9.13. Interior walls and ceilings shall be provided with a finish which shall provide a reasonably durable surface in accordance with good practice.**

SECTION 9.14 FLOORS

9.14. All floors shall be finished in accordance with good practice*'" for the type and kind of material'selected.

SECTION 9.1S WINDOWS

9.1S.1. Windows shall be of an acceptable design and installed in accordance with good practice.

**

All glass areas shall be designed to withstand the wind pressure which may be expected, and the thickness shall be in accordance with good practice.

**

"See Subsection 9.1.2.

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PART 9 HOUSING

9.15.2. A living room, dining room or bedroom, or a room composed of combinations of any of the fore-named rooms with each other or with others not mentioned, shall have a window or windows that

(a) have an aggregate unobstructed glass area not less than that prescribed by good practice**

(b) face directly on a street, yard or court, and

(c) are unobstructed in accordance with good practice.** SECTION 9.16 STAIRS

9.16. Every stair shall be designed and constructed in accordance with good practice.

**

SECTION 9.17 PLUMBING

9.17.1. Unless otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction plumbing facilities as required shall be provided for every dwelling

unit. The material and installation of a plumbing system shall comply

with,

(a) appropriate Provincial statutes, or in their absence (b) Part 7, National Building Code of Canada.

Sanitary Facilities

9.17.2.(1) Where there is a piped water supply every dwelling unit shall

be provided with at least one kitchen sink, water closet, wash basin, and bathtub.

(2) Where there is no piped water supply, a sanitary privy, chemical c1oset, or other means approved by the authority having jurisdiction for waste disposal shall be provided.

9.17.3. Where a piped supply of potable water is available the plumb-ing fixtures for a dwellplumb-ing unit shall be connected to

(a) the water supply system, and

(b) either a sanitary sewer or an individual sewage disposal system. 9.17.4. Where a means of heating water is provided in a water supply system, piping shall be installed to connect the heated water with a kitchen sink, a wash basin and a bathtub.

SECTION 9.18 VENTILATION

9.18.1. A habitable room or series of habitable spaces in a dwelling

unit shall be ventilated by natural or mechanical means in accordance

with good practice.**

9.18.2. Where a habitable room, or series of habitable spaces, is ven-tilated by mechanical means the system of mechanical ventilation shall be capable of producing at least one air change per hour.

9.18.3. A space that contains a heating unit shall have natural or mechanical means of supplying the required combustion air.

SECTION 9.19 HEATING

9.19.1. All buildings shall be equipped with heating devices of sufficient capacity to maintain the desired indoor temperature in accordance with good practice. *

*

"See Subsection 9.1.2. Rooms requiring windows Size and location Scope and materials Required plumbing fixtures

7

Connection to piped potable water supply Hot water supply Natural ventilation Mechanical ventilation Capacity of heating device

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8

Installation of heating devices Capacity Installation PART 9 HOUSING

9.19.2. All heating equipment including chimneys and fireplaces shall

be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with good prac-tice, ** and with the following specifications as applicable:

(a) "Code for the Construction and Inspection of Boilers and Pres-sure Vessels," CSA B51-1965, published by the Canadian Stand-ards Association,

(b) "Installation Code for Oil-Burning Equipment," CSA B139-1962, published by the Canadian Standards\Association,

(c) "Installation Code for Gas-Burning Appliances and Equipment" CSA BI49-1962, published by the Canadian Standards Associa-tion,

(d) "Canadian Electrical Code," CSA C22.1-1962 published by the Canadian Standards Association.

SECTION 9.20 ELECTRICAL SERVICES

9.20.1. Unless otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction electrical facilities shall be provided for every dwelling unit and public spaces in accordance with good practice.··

9.20.2. Electrical facilities shall have sufficient capacity to provide, without overloading, electrical energy for the lighting and appliance outlets provided in the plans and specifications for the building. 9.20.3. Electrical installation shall meet

(a) the requirements of the appropriate Provincial or Municipal statutes, or in the absence of such statutes,

(b) the requirements of the Canadian Electrical Code, 1962 Edition, Part 1, C22.I. published by the Canadian Standards Association. 9.20.4. Where electric service is supplied, means of providing illumi-nation shall be installed in accordance with good practice.**

SECTION 9.21 ELEVATORS

9.21. Where elevators are installed in a building the equipment and installation shall be in accordance with good practice.**

"''''See Subsection 9.1.2.

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---_...-_

...

_ - - - -

-1

Section 1

GENERAL PERFORMANCE

A. SCOPE OF RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS

9

(1) The requirements contained in these standards apply to houses and apartment buildings.

(2) The structural requirements in these standards apply to buildings not more than 3 storeys in height above the foundation supporting plain masonry or wood frame construction. Where buildings are of steel or reinforced concrete construc-tion or are more than 3 storeys in height above the foundaconstruc-tion, the structural requirements in the applicable parts of the National Building Code apply. (3) These standards apply to buildings which contain only dwelling units and the additional public space required to service them, such as laundry areas, hallways, storage, and space for mechanical equipment. Where there are two or more dif-ferent types of occupancy in a building, the appropriate requirements in Part 3 of the National Building Code also apply.

B. GENERAL

(1) Workmanship of a standard equal to good building practice shall be provided. (2) Precautions shall be taken at all times during construction to provide safety for the public and workmen as required in accordance with Part 8 of the National Building Code.

(3) Drawings and specifications shall be submitted for each building or group of buildings showing the information as required in Part 1, of the National Building Code.

C. MATERIAlS, SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

(1) All materials, systems and equipment shall possess the essential properties to perform their intended functions in the structure.

(2) When required by the authority having jUNsdiction materials shall be tested to determine the acceptability of the material or system or equipment, for its intended use.

(3) Except as provided in (5), the test method to determine the acceptability of materials, systems or equipment shall be published by a recognized agency. (4) Materials, systems and equipment not specifically described in these standards or for which no recognized test procedure has been established may be used if it can be shown that the materials, system or equipment is suitable on the basis of past performance or sound engineering principles or on the basis of tests described in (5).

(5) Where no published test method exists the tests shall be designed to simulate or exceed anticipated service conditions or shall be designed to compare the per-formance of material, system or equipment with similar material, system or equipment that is known to be acceptable.

(6) All tests shall be carried out by a testing laboratory acceptable to the authori-ty having jurisdiction.

(7) When the specifications or reference documents listed in these standards con-tain requirements which conflict with specific requirements in these standards, the requirements in these standards shall govern.

(8) The specifications and other reference documents, shaH refer to those cur-rent as of December 31, 1965, together with all relevant amendments or re-visions and supplements effective to that date.

D. DEFINITIONS In these standards:

(1) "Acceptable" means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction;

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SECTION 1 (2) "Air Well" means a space, within the building, enclosed by walls, partially or totally open to the outside air at the roof; and intended solely as a means of ventilation for bathrooms, kitchens and like service rooms;

(3) "Apartment Building" means a type of multiple dwelling comprising three or more dwelling units with shared entrances and other essential facilities and services and with shared exit facilities above the first storey;

(4) "Attic" or "roof space" means the space which is between the top floor ceiling and the roof, and between a dwarf wall and the sloping roof;

(5) "Bachelor dwelling unit" means a unit, with or without one standard bed-room, providing therein living, sleeping, eating, food preparation and sanitary facilities for one or two adults. Other essential facilities and services may be shared with other dwelling units;

(6) "Court" means an open space, unoccupied from the ground or intermediate floor to the sky, contiguous with the building and on the same lot, intended primarily for the provision of light and air, but which may serve for entrance to the building. It shall be entirely enclosed by walls or enclosed on three sides having one side partially or totally open to a street, yard or abutting property; (7) "Dwelling unit" means two or more rooms used or intended for the domestic use of one or more individuals living as a single housekeeping unit, with cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities;

(S) "Exit" means that part of means of egress that leads from the floor area it serves including any doorway leading directly from a floor area to another floor area to a public thoroughfare or other acceptable open space;

(9) "Habitable room or space" means a room or space intended primarily for human occupancy;

(10) "Height of a building in storeys" means the number of storeys contained between the highest roof of a building (except for penthouses containing no dwelling units) and the floor of its first storey;

(11) "House" means a building other than an apartment building that contains one or more dwelling units provided that there is not more than one dwelling unit above another, and there are not more than 2 storeys above the top of a foundation where the building contains more than one dwelling unit;

(12) "Lane" means any passageway or right of way, open from ground to sky, not constituting a street, but laid down upon a registered plan and indicated to public use;

(13) "Means of egress" means a doorway, hallway, corridor, lobby, stair, ramp or other facility or combination thereof, provided for the escape of persons from a building, floor area, or room to a public thoroughfare or other approved open space. Means of egress include exits and access to exits;

(14) "Noncombustible" as applied to building construction material means a material that is classed as noncombustible when tested in accordance with C.s.A. Specification B54.1·1960 "Determination of Noncombustibility of Building Ma· terials";

(15) "Private" when used with respect to a room or other space within a building, means that such room or space is intended solely for the use of an individual tenant or family and their guests;

(16) "PUblic" when used with respect to a room or other space within a building, means that such room or space is intended to be used in common by the occupants of the building, their guests or tradesmen;

(17) ''Storey, First" means the storey with Its floor closest to grade and having its ceiling more than 6 ft. above grade.

(IS) "Wall, Common" means a vertical separation completely dividing a portion of a structure from the remainder of the stnlctnre and creating in effect a building

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SECTION 1

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which from its roof to its lowest level is separate and complete unto itself for the purpose for which it is designed, intended, or used, such wall being owned by one party but jointly used by two parties one or both of whom is entitled to such use by provision of a prior arrangement.

(19) "Wall, Party" means a wall jointly owned and jointly used by two parties under easement agreement or by right in law and erected at or upon a line separat-ing two parcels of land each of which is, or is capable of being, a separate real estate entity.

E.

LOADS

(1) The size of structural elements not determined on the basis of the require-ments listed elsewhere in these standards shall be designed to resist the loads in

(3), (5), (6) and (7) and the appropriate dead loads except as provided in (4). (2) The design stresses used to determine the size of structural elements shall be in accordance with the appropriate requirements in Part 4 of the National Building Code.

(3) The minimum design load on a floor area shall conform to Table IA.

Type of Bulldln~ Houses Apartment Bulldln~ Gara~es

TABLE lA

FLOOR LOADS Use of Floor Area

Llvln~ spaces other than bedrooms Bedrooms

Entrance halls, corridors, exits and stairs, and all other nonllvln~ spaces

Attics accessible by a stairway Attics not accessible by a stairway

Llvln~ and sleepln~ quarters Locker rooms

Entrance halls, around floor corridors, exits and stairs

Corridors on other floors, balconies

Attics and crawl spaces where there Is no storage of equipment or material

Attic accessible by a stairway

Car parkln~ Minimum Deslin Load, Ib/sq. ft. 40 30 40 30 10 40 50 100 60 10 30 50 (4) In houses with wood frame floors and partitions the dead loads need not be considered in the design of basement and cellar beams.

(5) Design snow loads for houses and apartment buildings 3 storeys or less In

height shall be considered as not less than 60 per cent of the ground snow load listed in Supplement No. 1 to the National Building Code, but in no case shall the snow load be considered less than 20 lb. per sq. ft. of horizontal roof projec-tion.

(6) Design wind loads shall conform to the appropriate requirements In Section 4.1 of the National Building Code.

(7) Buildings greater than 3 storeys in height shall be designed to resist earth quake loads according to Section 4.1 of the National Building Code.

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SECflON 2 F. DEFLECTIONS

(1) The maximum deflection of structnral members shaD confonn to Table lB. Dead loads need not be considered in computing such deflections.

Structural Members

Roof rafters. roof joists, roof beams and roof deek-ina of plank and beam construction

Cellini Joists

Floor beams. floor Joists and Door deeklna of plank and beam construction for floor areas other than

bed-room In houses

Floor beams. Door Joists and floordecklna of plank and beam construction for Door areas of bedrooms In houses

TABLE IB

MAXIMUM DEFLECTIONS Type of Celllna Supported No ceillna Other than plaster or

I!Ypsum board Plaster or J!Ypsum board

Other than plaster or I!Ypsum board Plaster or aypsum board

Nocelllna Other than plaster or

I!Ypsum board Plaster or I!Ypsum board

No celllna Other than plaster ()r

I!Ypsum board Plaster or J!Ypsum board

Section 2

BUILDING PLANNING

A.

SCOPE Maximum Allowable DeDeetion Expressed as a Ratio of the Clear Span 1/180 1/240 1/360 1/240 1/360 1/360 1/360 1/360 1/240 1/240 1/360

(1) This Section applies to requirements for heights, areas, dimensions of rooms and spaces and to storage requirements.

(2) Additional requirements may be found in Section 4, "Fire Protection", Section 11, "Crawl Spaces", Section 26, "Windows", Section 27, "Doors" and Section 28, "Stairs".

B. GENERAL

(1) Unless otherwise indicated herein the areas, dimensions and heights of rooms or spaces shall be measured between finished wall surfaces and between finished floor and ceiling surfaces.

(2) Minimum dimensions listed for rooms or spaces in combination with other rooms or spaces refer to the minimum dimension of the combined space. (3) Minimum floor areas, either separate or in combination with other spaces do not include closets or buUt in bedroom cabinets.

(4) Two or more areas are considered as a combination room if the dividing wall occupies less than 60 per cent of the separating plane.

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SECTION 2

C. CEB.JNG HEIGHTS

Heights of rooms or spaces shall coliform to Table 2A.

TABLE lA

ROOM HEIGHTS

Room or Space Mlnlmum Helllhts Llvln& Room or ~e 7 ft. at any point.

Dlnln& Room or pace 7 ft. 6 In. over at least 75 per cent of the Kitchen or Kitchen Space required Boor area.

Bedroom or Bedroom Space 7 ft. 6 In. over at least 50 per cent of the required Boor area.

Any part of the loor havln& a clear helllht of Ieee than f ft. 6 In. shall not

be con81dered In computln& the re-quired 1001' area.

NonhabUable Basement or Cellar 6 ft. f In. under beams, In laundry Includln& Laundry Area therein areas, and In any location that would normally be used for passa&e to laundry and required stora&e areas.

Bathroom or W.C. and 7 ft. over any area where a person would Laundry Area above Grade normally be In a standln& position. Passa&e. HaU or Main Entrance 7 ft.

Vestibule and Habitable Rooms not spedlcally mentioned above.

D. LIVING ROOMS OR SPACES

13

Living areas either as separate rooms or in combination with other space shall have at least 14S sq. ft. of 800r area and with no dimension less than 9 ft. 10 in.

within the .required area. Where the area of a living space is combined with a kitchen, dining and bedroom areas, the living area alone in a bachelor dwelling unit shall be at least 120 sq. ft.

E. DINING ROOM OR SPACE

(1) Dining areas shall have at least 7S sq. ft. of 800r area if separate, or 3S sq. ft.

if in combination with other space.

(2) When the required dining area forms part of the kitchen the minimum dimen-sion shall be S ft. 6 in. measured between wall faces or a wall face and cabinets or appliances.

(3) Dining rooms or dining spaces combined with other space, except as provided in (2) shall have no dimension less than 7 ft. 6 in. within the required area. F. KITCHENS OR KITCHEN SPACES

(1) Kitchen areas, either separate or in combination with other space, shall have at least 4S sq. ft. of 800r area, except that in bachelor dwelling units the minimum 800r area shall be 40 sq. ft.

(2) At least 3 ft. clearance shall be provided in front of base cabinets, work surfaces, counter tops and appliances.

(3) At least 8 ft. length of counter top work surface including the area occupied by the sink or drainer shall be provided. Such work surfaces shall be at least 1 ft. 10 ·in. in depth and shall have cabinets beneath.

(4) In addition to the base cabinets described in (3), at least 22 sq. ft. of shelf area not more than 6 ft. 6 in. above the floor shall be provided. Sixteen sq. ft. of this area shall be at least 11 in. in depth with at least 91;2 in. clearance above the shelves. The remaining 6 sq. ft. shall have a depth of at least 5 in. with at least 5 in. clearance above the shelf. The maximum depth for computing shelf areas shall be 11 in.

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SECTION 2

(5) When a kitchen alcove is provided in bachelor dwelling units, the opening between the alcove and the remainder of the room shall be at leasl 80 per cent of the area of a plane dividing the two spaces.

(6) In bachelor dwelling units, the length of counter top in (3) may be reduced to 5 ft., and the shelf area in (4) reduced to 16 sq. ft. with 12 sq. ft. of this area to be at least 11 in. in depth with a 9lh in. minimum clearance above the shelves. G. BEDROOM OR SPACE

(1) Except as provided in (3) at least one bedroom in each dwelling unit shall have at least 105 sq. ft. of floor area if no built in cabinets are provided, or at least 95 sq. ft. of floor area where a built in cabinet conforming to Subsection H

is provided. The minimum dimension within the required area in both cases shall be 8 ft. lOin.

(2) Additional bedrooms except as provided in (3) shall have at least 75 sq. ft.

If no built in cabinets are provided and 65 sq. ft. If a built in cabinet conforming to Subsection H is provided. The minimum dimension within the required area in both cases shall be 6 ft. 6 in.

(3) Bedroom spaces in combination with other spaces shall have at least 45 sq. f •• of Boor area and have no dimension less than 7 ft. 6 in. within the required area.

H. BUILT IN BEDROOM CABINETS

(1) A built in cabinet in the first bedroom shall provide at least 27 cu. ft. of storage within 5 ft. of the floor when the bedroom is less than 105 sq. ft.

(2) A built in cabinet in other than the first bedroom shall provide at least 13lh cu. ft. of storage within 5 ft. of the floor when the bedroom area is less than 75 sq. ft.

(3) Built in cabinets shall consist of shelves with door fronts or drawers. (4) When required cabinet storage is by means of shelves, at least 27 sq. ft. shall be provided for the first bedroom and 13lh sq. ft. for additional bedrooms. Shelves shall be at least 12 in. but not more than 18 in. in depth. The distance between shelves shall be not less than lh the depth.

(5) When required cabinet storage is provided by drawers, the drawers shall be not more than 48 in. wide, not more than 12 in. in height and not more than 24 in. in depth.

I.

COAT AND CLOTHES CLOSETS

(1) At least one clothes closet shall be provided in each bedroom.

(2) At least one coat closet shall be provided convenient to an entrance.

(3) Coat and clothes closets shall have at least 6 sq. ft. of floor area. At least 50 per cent of the required area shall be horizontal and not more than 12 in. above the room floor level. Such closets shall have a minimum height of 6 ft. 6 in. over the required floor area.

(4) Walk in closets shall have at least 6 ft. 6 in. head room over the required area.

(5) Coat and clothes closets shall be at least 1 ft. lOin. deep when the width of the opening is at least 1 ft. 9 in. and not less than 1 ft. 2 in. deep when the opening is 4 ft. wide or more.

(6) A shelf not less than 11 in. deep with a clearance of not less than 8 in. above it shall be provided in coat and clothes closets.

J. LINEN CWSETS

(1) A linen closet shall be provided in each dwelling unit and shall have a shelf area of not less than 6 sq. ft. for one and two bedroom dwelling units. Two sq. ft. of additional shelf area shall be provided for each additional bedroom. (2) The maximum depth of shelf to be used in calculating the shelf area shall

be 2 ft.

(3) Shelves shall have not less than 1 ft. 2 in. depth, 1 ft. 6 in. width and 12 in.

clearance above shelves.

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SECTION 2

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K. BATHROOMS AND WATER CLOSET ROOMS

(1) Plumbing fixtures in bathrooms in dwelling units and in public or janitors water closet rooms shall be provided in accordance with Section 30, "Plumbing". In addition to these fixtures bathrooms in dwelling units shall be provided with a wall cabinet or vanity, a mirror, toilet paper holder, soap dish, grab bar, and towel bar. When a shower is provided a shower rod shall also be provided. (2) A public toilet room shall be provided adjacent to grouped laundry facilities in apartment buildings with more than 20 units.

(3) A janitors toilet room shall be provided adjacent to the boiler room (or other work room) in an apartment building when a dwelling unit is not provided for the janitor.

(4) Bath tubs shall be at least 5 ft. nominal length if rectangular type. At least 1 ft. 9 in. clearance shall be provided in front of the tub to an opposite wall face or 1 ft. 6 in. in front to another fixture, over at least a 2 ft. length of the bath tub or shower.

(5) The centre line of the water closet shall be at least 1 ft. 3 in. away from an adjacent side wall. At least 1 ft. 6 in. clearance shall be provided in front of the water closet to the opposite wall or another fixture.

(6) The centerline of a wash basin shall be at least 1 ft. 3 in. from an adjacent side wall. At least 1 ft. 9 in. clearance shall be provided in front of the wash basin to an opposite wall or 1 ft. 6 in. clearance in front to another fixture. (7) A mirror shall be installed over the wash basin. Mirrors shall be at least 3/16 in. thick and not less than 12 in. by 18 in. size. Mirrors shall meet CGSB Specification 12-GP-5, Type IB "Polished Plate Glass Mirrors for High Humidity Use" and shall be so labelled.

(8) Wall cabinets shall be at least 9 in. in height or width and be at least 1 V2 sq. ft. in overall size. Cabinets shall be equipped with shelves. Where wall cabinets are not provided, equivalent shelf space shall be provided in a lockable vanity. (9) Except for bachelor dwelling units, at least one bathroom access that does not enter through a bedroom shall be provided to the required bathroom.

L. LAUNDRY AND LAUNDRY SPACE

(1) Laundry equipment to be provided shall conform to Section 30, "Plumbing:' (2) A clearance of at least 3 ft. shall be provided at the front of an automatic washer or dryer.

(3) Where an automatic dryer is not provided in an apartment building, space shall be provided for not less than 100 lineal ft. of indoor clothes line for each dwelling unit when the laundry facilities are not shared, or for each 20 dwelling units or fraction thereof when laundry facilities are shared.

(4) Where a laundry tub is provided without an automatic washer. at least 35 sq. ft. of floor area with a minimum clearance of 5 ft. shall be provided in front of the tub for each dwelling unit when laundry facilities are not shared or for each 20 dwelling units or part thereof when laundry facilities are shared. When neither laundry tub nor automatic equipment is installed. this minimum floor area shall be 50 sq. ft. with a 5 ft. minimum dimension.

M. GENERAL STORAGE

(I) In apartment dwelling units, at least 150 cu. ft. of storage shall be provided for the first bedroom or bedroom space, plus an additional 30 cu. ft. for each additional bedroom. Such storage space shall be at least 6 ft. in height and at least 3 ft. in width and depth. When located within the apartment dwelling unit the storage shall be completely separated from all other space and shall be in addition to the required closets in Subsection I. When located outside of the apartment dwelling unit, the storage area for each dwelling unit shall be in a separate lockable enclosure. Access to such storage shall be direct and convenient. (2) In addition to storage for individual apartment dwelling units required in (1),

a room or space for communal storage of at least 120 sq. ft. shall be provided for apartment buildings with up to 20 dwelling units plus an additional 6 sq. ft. of such storage for each dwelling unit in excess of 20.

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SECTION 3 (3) Each dwelling unit in a house shall have at least 200 cu. ft. of storage plus 75 cu. ft. for each bedroom. The minimum height of such storage shall be at least 6 ft. over at least 50 per cent of the required space, and at least 4 ft. over the remainder of the required space. At least 50 per cent of the required storage volume shall be adequately beated. Required storage space for houses shall be separate from habitable rooms and the access to such storage shall be separated from another dwelling unit.

N. HALLS AND VESTIBULES WITHIN DWELLING UNITS

(1) The minimum width of a hall or passage within a dwelling unit shall be at least 2 ft. 10 in.

(2) The minimum width of a main entrance hall or vestibule shall be at least

3 ft. 6 in.

O. A TIIC AND ROOF SPACES

(1) When an attic space in an apartment building is capable of conversion Into habitable space, all incorporated work inciuding the attic floor joists and stairs to such space shall be designed to comply with the requirements for habitable space. Such space shall be considered as an additional storey for the classification of the building.

(2) Any attic or roof space above an insulated ceiling shall be ventilated with openings to the exterior to provide at least 1 sq. ft. of unobstructed vent area for every 300 sq. ft. of insulated ceiling area. Vents may be roof type, eave type, gable end type or any combination thereof, and shall be distributed to approach equal proportions on opposite sides of the building. Vents shall be designed to prevent the entry of rain,· snow or insects.

(3) Attic or roof spaces more than 2 ft. in height in houses shall be provided with an access opening of not less than 1 ft. 8 in. by 2 ft. 4 in. Such openings shall be fitted with an insulated hatch or door.

(4) Access to main roof areas of apartment buildings more than 25 ft. from the ground shall be provided by a stairway, hatchway or a fixed ladder to the floor areas below.

(5) Access to attic spaces in apartment buildings from the floor areas below shall be provided by a stair, or by a hatchway of not less than 2 ft. by 3 ft. with a ladder permanently stored within 10ft. of the hatchway.

P. CRAWL SPACES

Ventilation, clearances, access and other requirements for crawl spaces shall conform to Section 11, "Crawl Spaces".

Q. COURTS

Where windows face on courts, the court dimensions shall conform to the requIre-ments in Section 26, "Windows".

Section 3

EXITS AND MEANS OF EGRESS

A. SCOPE

(1) This Section applies to requirements that are designed to permit the safe and convenient access to or evacuation from dwelling units to the exterior of the buDding, to a public thoroughfare, or to acceptable open space.

(2) This Section is intended to apply to houses and

to

most typical apartment building layouts. Where the building utilizes such exit facilities as exterior passageways or escalators, or contains a major occupancy In addition to residential occupancy, the requirements in Part 3 of the National BuDding Code sbaU

also apply.

•

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SECTION 3

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(3) Stairways or doors in an exit or a means of egress shall conform to the requirements in Section 28, "Stairs, Handrails and Guards", and Section 27, "Doors", as well as to the requirements in this Section.

(4) Requirements regarding ftame spread, fire resistance, fire separation, and similar type requirements, are found in Section 4, "Fire Protection".

B. GENERAL

(1) Elevators shall not be considered as being part of a required means of exit or access to an exit.

(2) Windows shall not be considered as exits or means of egress.

(3) Except as permitted in C.(l) exterior open fire escapes shall not be instal-led on any new building.

(4) In this Section a means of egress refers to the system of escape facilities such as corridors, hall, stairs, ramps and lobbies, which lead from the dwelling unit entrance door to a public thoroughfare or other acceptable open space. (5) An exit is that part of a means of egress that leads from the apartment or house ftoor area it serves to a public thoroughfare or other acceptable open space. It includes the door leading from the ftoor area as well as any stair, ramp or passage leading from there to the exterior of the building.

C. HOUSE EX.ITS

(1) Except as provided in (2) each dwelling unit in a house containing more than one dwelling unit shall have at least two separate and independent exits both of which may be common or one of which may be common and the other of which may be an exterior stair.

(2) One exit is permitted for each dwelling unit in a house where the entrance door to the dwelling unit is at or near grade level and the exit is not shared with any other dwelling unit.

(3) A required house exit shall not pass through an attached or built in gara,e, or a room or dwelling unit not under the Immediate control of the dwelling unit served.

D. ENTRANCES TO APARTMENT DWELLING UNITS

(1) Except as required in (2) a dwelling unit in an apartment building shall have at least one entrance door that opens unto a public hallway, er to a private exit to the exterior at or near grade level.

(2) In apartment buildings of not more than three storeys in height the entrance to a dwelling unit may open oft a stairway if a second entrance is provided that

opens unto a separate stairway, or corridor leading to a second exit. E. ACCESS TO FLOOR EXITS FROM DWELLING UNITS

(1) Except as otherwise permitted in (2), where the only entrance to a dwelling unit opens unto a public hallway, it shall be possible to go in opposite directions to at least two separate exits from the apartment ftoor area.

(2) The distance between the end of a public hallway and an exit door from a floor area shall not exceed the width of the hallway or 20 ft. whichever is the lesser.

There shall not be mOl'e than three dwelling unit entrance doors between the exit and the end of the public hallway.

(3) The length of travel from a required dwelling unit entrance to the nearest exit door of an apartment ftoor area shaD not exceed 100ft.

(4) Required access to a ftoor area exit shall not be through any other dwelling unit, garage space, furnace room, storage room, laundry room or similar service area.

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