Membrane Deflection and Fastener Load Data Measured During the October 1995 Wind Tunnel Tests on a Mechanically-Attached EPDM Single-Ply Roofing System

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Membrane Deflection and Fastener Load Data Measured During the

October 1995 Wind Tunnel Tests on a Mechanically-Attached EPDM

Single-Ply Roofing System

S H 1

R.127 National Research Conssil national

RLCJII;

I*l

Council Canada de recherches Canada

C O P . 2

Institute for Fnstitut de

no. 7 4 7 _{Research in recherche en}

M a y 1 9 9 7 Construction construction

Membrane

~eflection

and

Fastener Load

Data

Measured

During

the October 1995

Wind TLnnel Tests on

a

Mechanically-

Attached

EPDM Single-Ply Roofing System

:.

A. Baskaran,

M.G.

Savage,

F.

Alfawakhiri and K.R.

Cooper

CISTI

/ K I S T NRC/CNRC :?C R e f S e r

Received

o n ;

10-15-97

I n t e r n a l r e p o r t .

Internal Report

No. (IRC-IR-742)

Date of issue: May

1997

e r n a l r e p o r t

( I n s t i t u t e

f NALYSE

This internal report, whik

not

intended for general distribution, may

be

cited or referenced

in

other publications.

This report

summarires

the

membrane

deflections

and fastener

loads measured

on

a

mechanically-attached,

EPDM. single-ply flat roofing

system.

The measurements

were made

in

the 9

m

x

9 m Wind Tunnel of

the NatTonal Research Council

of Canada in

October

1995 as part

d

the

Special

Interest

Group for Dynamic Evaluation d Roofing

Systems (SGDERS), a

program of the

Table

of

Contents

kblsfracf

...

...

...

... .,

...1...1.1...

i

..

Table of Contents

...-...-...

...

...

a1 1

.

Intduction

...-...

,...

...

1 2

.

Experimental Outfine

...

-

...

l.l

...

.1

...

1

...

3. Report

Content

...-...*...

...

-

...

-

...

.=....

...

2 4

.

Refamncas

.

...r...-

-

...

...-.*

...

...*...

....

-

...

3

...**....

...,...,....**....*...*..

...

...*...*...

.

5 Explanatory Tables and Figurns .1

..

-.

-

4

...,....

**...

**....*...

6. Tinre Histories

ofthe

Membrane Deffe~tions

...

...

...

...

I1

7

.

Time Histoties

of

the Fastener

Loads

...

-

.

.

8

.

Statisticalbata

...-...*...

...I...m...

-=.

...

43

1.

Introduction

The Institute for Research in Construction (IRC) a1 the National Research Cauncil

oF

Canada has

initialed

a project entitled

'Dynamic

EvaEmth uf

Roof

Attachment

Systems'

to

evaluate

mechanically-

athched mf systems under

dynamic

wind loading (Baskaran and Dull 1995)- A research collaboration

was

established between the

IRC and

the

Institute

for Aerospace

Research

(IAR) to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic loading of typical single-ply, mechanically-attached, roofing

systems.

Under

this

project. two series of experiments were carried

out.

The first series, partially funded by

the

Department

of

National Defense (DND), tested

a

PVC roofing system. Pressure distribution data measured

during

the November 1994 tests on a PVC Single-

Ply

Roofing System were documented

by

Savage,

Baskaran,

Cooper and

Lei

(19961, whereas the force

data

were archived by Baskran, Savage. Alfawakhirj,

and Cmper

(1997).

The

second

series tested an EPDM rmfing system. A newly-formed consortium

-

the

Special

Interest Group for Dynamic Evaluation of Roofing Systems

(SIGDERS)

-

funded this

test, SlGDERS was formed trom a group

of

partners

w b

were

interested

in r w f

design. These partners

included:

Manufacture~s

Canadian

General Tower

Ud..

Prospex

Roofhg Products Ctd,, Carlisle SynTec

Systems,

Cemfort Inc., Firestone Building

Products

Ch.,

JPS

Elastornerics

Cop.

-

Construction

Products Group,

Soprema Canada, Vicwes?

Steel.

BuiWng

Owners Department

of

National Defense.

Public Works

and

Government Senrices Carrada, Canada Post C o w ration.

industry m i a t i o n s

Canadian Roolfing

Contractors'

Association,

National Roofing Contractors" M a t i o n .

Research AgerW= Institute for Research in

Constnrction. Enstituie

for Aerospace

Research..

2.

Experimental OutIine

The

measurements

were performed in the 9

m x 9

m

wind

tunnel

of

the IAR

in

both uniform and

sheared wind simulations. The test program

measured

the

mean and the unsteady pressure distributions

over

the

roof membrane, as well

as

the mean atxi the unsteady

loads

an

the Tasteners used to

attach the

membrane to the deck One building platform was tested for

various

wind conditions. Its dimensions

m d d and roof

a s e m b y

components.

Tfie differences between EPOM and PVC

system

components

are as

follows:

m _{the membrane was d non-reinforced EPDM;}

a bar attachment system was used to

hold

the membrane instead

of

point fasteners; the insulation was loose-laid:

no

vapor barrier

was used; instead,

a

support board was

loose-laid

above

the deck.

The measurements were made in smooth wind (Uniform)

and in

a simulated tuhulent wind corresponding to an open

country

e m u r e

(Open). Measurements

were

made far

two

wind directions

at

different wind speeds. Openings

were

made in

the model walls to investigate the effect

of

varying

internal

pressure

on

the

roof behavior. f

he

ten test conRgurations are summarized in Table 1. The roof-

height wind speeds are presented

in

Table

2.

The entire raot sample was

covered

by

a sheet

of

EQDM membrane M i h was fadend at 13 kmtions by

metal

bars,

arranged

in the paftem shown in Agure 2. Four

bars

were

selected to measure

the induced loads in the three odhogonaf

directions

and quipped

with f o m balances. Each bar had

two

balances as

shorn in Figure 3.

A h ,

four ultrasonic

sensors

were fixed to the deck at

selected

locations

to measure membrane ddections. Lmtions

of

farce

bahces and

uhsonic

sensors

are shown in

Figure 4. The load

and

deflection data were gathered at the frequency of I 0 0

Hz

for about 60 seconds.

3.

f

eport Content

The pressure distribution

data

was presented in a

separate report

by Savage et al(1996). This report presents the measured membrane deflections

and

fastener b d s

in

the

form

of time h'iories, dab

tables

and

bar

charts.

Time histories of the membrane

deflections, in engineering units, tar

selected

configurations are

presented

in Section

6. T i e histories

of

the fastener loads and, in engineering

units.

far

selected configuratiem

are presented in, Section 7. The configuration parameters are explained in a dormat similar to that shown

in Figure

5. For

all

tested mnfiguralions, time histories were analyzed to

obtain

statistical

parameters (mean, -mum and

minimum

peaks,

and standard deviation) which are tabulated

in

Section

8, Section 9 presents the effed of wind speed on

the mean

a M

peak

fastener

b d s

and membrane

deflections,

as

bar charts,

for

all configurations.

4.

References

1. Baskaran,

A and

Dutt,

0.

(1995),

'Evaluation

of Roof Fasteners Under

Dynamic Wind

Loading",

Prcxreedings

of the lntemational Wind Engineefing Conference, New

DeIhi. India,

Januasy 8

-

13, pp.

1207

-

121 8.

2.

Savage, M.G., Baskran, A,,

Cooper,

K.R.

and

Lei, W. (1996), 'Pressure Distribution Data Measured

During the November 1994 Wnd Tunnel Testa

on

a

Mechanical@-Attached,

PVC

Single-Ply

Roofing

System",

National

Research

Council of Canada,

Institute for

Aerospace Research, Report LTR-A-

003. February.

3.

Baskaran,

A, Savage, M.G., Alfawakhiri,

F

and Cooper.

K.R.

(1997), 'Force Distribution

Data

Measured During

the November 1994 Wind Tunnel Tests on a Mechanically-Attached, PVC Single

Ply

Roofing

System",

National

Research

Council

ad

Canada, Institute for Research in

Construction,

1RC Report

740.

4.

Sawage,

M.G.,

Baskran, A,, AWawakhiri. F. and Cooper.

K.R.

(1996).

*Pressure DDiniution

D a b

Measured During

the October 1995

Mnd

Tunnel Tests on Mechnimlly-Attached, EPDM Single-Ply

Roofing Systemn,

National

Research Council of Canada. Institute for Ilemspace

Research.

Report

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