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Conserved and novel mechanisms underlie oil palm

(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit abscission: A model for

studying fruit abscission in the palm family (Arecaceae).

Timothy J. Tranbarger

Flower to Fruit Group, DIADE, IRD, France

Visiting Scientist Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador

PAG 2018, San Diego

January 14, 2018

Defence

(biotic stress)

developmental

phenomenon

Fruit abscission is a domestication trait

Lenser 2013 TIPS

Elaeis guineensis (African Oil

Palm) as a model

Increases harvest cost:

Labor to identify and harvest

ripe bunches before fruit drop

Labor to collect dropped

fruits

Unsynchronized fruit ripening and abscission of palm fruit

cause economical losses

The Oil Palm Fruit

Abscission Zone (AZ)

Primary AZ

M

P

Adjacent AZs

1cm

Mesocarp (M)

Pedicel (P)

Abscission

Zone (AZ)

M

AZ

P

9 hours

(2)

2

Cell wall striations appear and plasmodesmata increase in size

during development of the AZ layer cells.

30 DAP

Roongsattham et al. 2016

120 DAP

Peerapat Roongsattham

(doctoral student

2008-2011 )

• Vascular bundles remain

undifferentiated in AZ

• Phenolic cells

Mesocarp

AZ

Pedicel

What are cellular features of a functional AZ (ripe fruit)?

• Nuclear alignment (AZ

organizes into cell layers)

P

M

AZ

100 µm

100 µm

• Intracellular pectin

accumulate during development throughout AZ layers

M

AZ

P

10 µm

10 µm

10 µm

Roongsattham et al. 2016

120 DAP

Cell wall striations appear particularly at tip of AZ cells

What cellular features change during separation?

• AZ toluidine blue color change after separation suggests cation

changes in cation environment (eg. H

+

, Ca

2+

)

•Intracellular pectins decrease

M

AZ

P

After separation

M

AZ

P

Before separation

Ripe fruit

Roongsattham et al. 2016

Ruthenium Red

DAPI stained

Nuclei remain intact and aligned in the AZ

Primary AZ of oil palm is rich in unmethylated

homogalacturonan (HG, pectin backbone)

Adapted from Mohnen (2008)

HG

Clausen et al., 2003

Are there changes in

the methylation status

of HG in the AZ?

FT-IR microscopy

Immunocharacterisation

Références

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