Consequences of Future Data Center Deployment in Canada on Electricity Generation and Environmental Impacts: A 2015 -2030 Prospective Study - Figures

Titre:

Title :

Consequences of Future Data Center Deployment in Canada on Electricity Generation and Environmental Impacts: A 2015 -2030 Prospective Study - Figures

Auteurs:

Authors :

Thomas Dandres, Nathan Vandromme, Glasha Obrekht, Andy

Wong, Kim Khoa Nguyen, Yves Lemieux, Mohamed Cheriet, Réjean Samson

Date: 2016

Type: Article de revue / Journal article

Référence:

Citation :

Dandres, Thomas, Vandromme, Nathan, Obrekht, Glasha, Wong, Andy, Nguyen, Kim Khoa, Lemieux, Yves, Cheriet, Mohamed et Samson, Réjean (2016).

Consequences of Future Data Center Deployment in Canada on Electricity

Generation and Environmental Impacts: A 2015-2030 Prospective Study. Journal of Industrial Ecology. doi:10.1111/jiec.12515

Document en libre accès dans PolyPublie

Open Access document in PolyPublie

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PolyPublie URL: http://publications.polymtl.ca/2358/

Version: Version finale avant publication / Accepted version Révisé par les pairs / Refereed

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Terms of Use : CC BY-NC-ND

Document publié chez l’éditeur officiel Document issued by the official publisher

Titre de la revue:

Journal Title: Journal of Industrial Ecology Maison d’édition:

Publisher: Wiley & Yale University URL officiel:

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12515

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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Dandres, T., Vandromme, N., Obrekht, G., Wong, A., Nguyen, K. K., Lemieux, Y., Cheriet, M. and Samson, R. (2016), Consequences of Future Data Center Deployment in Canada on Electricity Generation and Environmental Impacts: A 2015–2030 Prospective Study. Journal of Industrial Ecology., which has been published in final form at

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12515. This article may be used for non-commercial

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Figure 1: Scenarios of future power demands of additional data centers

Figure 2: Greenhouse gas emissions per year and per scenario as compared to the BAU scenario

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 20 25 20 26 20 27 20 28 20 29 20 30

scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4 scenario 5

Po w er d em an d (M W)

0.0E+00 5.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.5E+09 2.0E+09 2.5E+09 3.0E+09 3.5E+09

20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 20 25 20 26 20 27 20 28 20 29 20 30

Sc1 - BAU

Sc2 - BAU

Sc3 - BAU

Sc4 - BAU

Sc5 - BAU

GH G e m issi on s ( kg CO

-e q)

Figure 3: Relative impacts per marginal kWh, per scenario and per impact category

Figure 4: Relative contribution of marginal sources of electricity by scenario (2015–2030)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

kg CO2-eq/kWh DALY/kWh PDF*m²*yr/kWh MJ primary/kWh Climate change Human Health Ecosystem Natural Resource

Sc1 - BAU Sc2 - BAU Sc3 - BAU Sc4 - BAU Sc5 - BAU

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Biomass Coal Heavy

fuel oil Diesel &

Gazoline Hydro Natural

Gas Nuclear Wind

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Scenario 5

kg CO

-eq/kWh

Figure 5: Marginal sources of electricity by region (2015–2030)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5

El ec tr ici ty (T W h)

Other CAN

Hydro CAN

Natural Gas CAN

Other US

Natural Gas US

Coal US