Proce US Da DeLi (5), T H b ef fl ic m o fr o INTR Durin effec 2012 produ time Surp the w “succ clear was t there Natu chan intera unde eedings of th SING THE avid N. Thom ille (3), Lind Riitta Autio (1) S (5) N (6) De This is a repo HSVA from 2 iological co ffect of mel luxes at the i ce. The Inte microbiologis
n the experi rom the facil f what is kno RODUCTI ng the INTE cts of freezi 2; Müller et uced source as measur risingly the water was a cess” of the rly influence that due to efore pertine urally the gr nges to the C action betw erstanding c he HYDRALA ARCTIC E DISS mas (1,2), Jia da Jørgensen o (2), Harri K School of Ocea (2) Mar (3) Un (4) Laborato National Instit epartment of B (7) D ( (9)
ort from the 21 May to 19 ntrols of dis ting once th ice surface i erice 5 team sts from Belg iences of pre lity. The prel own about th ION ERICE 4 ca ing on the d t al. 2013; E e of DOM, ing the che e bacteria, o at 15°C), th e bacterial g ed by the n logistical c ent to exten rowth of ba CO2 dynam ween the climate cha AB IV Joint U NVIRONM SOLVED O ayun Zhou (3 (5,6), Anne-Kuosa (2), Ge an Sciences, B rine Research ité d’océanog oire de glaciol tute for Aquat Biology, Marin Department of 8) Alfred We Arctic Techn INTERICE 5 9 June 2012. ssolved orga he ice had co n relation to m was a m gium, Denm evious INTE liminary resu hese processe ampaign of dissolved o Eronen-Rasi derived fro emical cons riginally, fr hrived in th growth - me ature of org constraints t nd and devel acteria in se mics within t marine and ange. The p User Meeting 1 MENT TEST ORGANIC M 3), Hermanni -Mari Luhtan erhard S. Die Evers ( Bangor Univer h Centre, Finni graphie chimiq ogie, DSTE, U tic Resources, ine Biological f Biosciences, egener Institut hnology Dept., 5 project tha . The overarc anic matter onsolidated. o the chemica multidisciplin mark, Finland ERICE 2, 3
ults from the es from field f 2009 we ra rganic matt imus et al. om highly c stituents we rom seawate he ice and easured in te ganic matter there was on lop these ex ea ice & un the system, d atmosph polar ocean g, Lisbon, Ju T BASIN TO MATTER IN i Kaartokalli nen (2,7), Ge eckmann (8), (9) rsity, U.K. (E ish Environme que, University Université Lib Technical Un Section, Univ University of te, Bremerhav , HSVA, Ham at used the A ching aim wa incorporatio Measureme al and biolog nary group , Germany a & 4 project e experiment d campaigns. an a short-t ter (DOM) 2014). The concentrate e measured er collected under-ice w erms of incr r supplied. nly one wee xperiments f nderlying w and therefo eric carbon ns play an uly 2014 O STUDY TH N SEA ICE o (2), Jean-L erhard Kattne , Hilary Kenn -mail: d.thom ent Institute, F y of Liège, Be bre de Bruxell niversity of De versity of Cop f Helsinki, Fin ven, Germany mburg, German Arctic Enviro as to investig n into grow nts were als gical change of glaciolo and U.K. The
s to maximi will be pres erm experim in the pare ese experim d algal susp bacterial a d in the Nort waters (tem reased biom The unfortu ek of exper further. waters, will ore to the a n cycle is important HE DYNAM Louis Tison ( er (8), Colin nedy (1) & K mas@bangor.ac Finland elgium les, Belgium enmark, Denm penhagen, Den nland y ny onment Test gate the phys wing sea ice so made on es taking pla ogists, chem ey were able ize the oppo sented, in the ment to inv ent water (A ments used a pensions. A activity, and th Sea (whe mperatures < mass and ac unate part o rimentation, result in c atmosphere s a critical role in me MICS OF (4), Bruno A. Stedmon Karl-Ulrich c.uk) mark nmark Basin at sical and and the the CO2 ce in the mists and e to build ortunities e context vestigate the Aslam et al. a artificially At the same d diversity. en collected <0°C). The tivity - was of this work , and it was onsiderable above. The l factor in ediating the n e . y e . d e s k s e e n e
Proce Earth their betw very of se seque DOM defin matte pool pool term in th be ad and wate Conc and u can a those meta rates clear speci we d inves in tur Inter there sugg conse (POC et al over atmo param 1 2 3 eedings of th h's climate, surface wa ween biology few studie ea ice and estration. M is a term ned as those er on which is more ea of oceanic s of minute eir accumul dded to by removed by rs, especial current with use of disso act as the in e communit azoans). The of bacteria rly showed ies diversity designed an stigate how rn how this r-hemispher e is higher gested that s equence of C and DOC . 2012; Zho both treatm osphere from meters or pr 1) The initi and DOC 2) The inco physical 3) After the the ice o a. B p b. C c. C he HYDRALA for examp aters and up y and clima s that have ultimately m that inclu e that pass h aquatic ba asily assimi c DOM is d es to days), w lation in the algal and b y microbia ly in coasta h the additi olved gases nitial substr ties found w e supply of al growth in that the qu y and activi n experimen w bacterial g affects the ric comparis pCO2 in t such differe f higher loa C). Higher p ou et al. 20 ments to as m the grow rocesses: ial CO2 con C-rich seaw orporation processes e incorporat over its grow
Biological photosynthe Carbonate p CO2 concent AB IV Joint U ple, by prov p to 80% of ate change i tried to dir the effects udes many through a cteria break lated by ba dynamic, w while more e water colu bacterial ex l heterotrop al waters is d on and rem such as carb rate that sup
within sea-i f DOM has n polar wate uality and n ty in the po nt for INTE growth in ic flux of CO2 son of parti the Arctic O ence could ading of riv pCO2 can po 013). Theref ssess if the wing sea i ntent in the w water can hav
of CO2 int
tion into the wth and deca production esis respect recipitation tration and User Meeting 2 viding an ap f reflection is a major f rectly link b s that such types of c 0.2 µm fil k down for g acteria, and with the mo e inert const umn (some xudation, vir phic activit derived from moval of DO bon dioxide pports troph ice (includi s been argu ers than tem
nature of D opulation of ERICE 5 to ce influence 2 and O2 int ial pressure Ocean com be due to verine-deriv otentially re fore we con e DOM enr ice. The pC water, as se ve different to the ice a e ice, other p ay and cons n and dilutio dilution g, Lisbon, Ju ppreciable p of solar rad focus of cur biological a activity m chemical co lter. This co growth. Som as such ar ore reactive tituents hav for thousan ral lysis, gr ty. Howeve m terrestrial OM from th e and oxyge hic flows th ing bacteria ued as a mo mperature pe DOM is a k f bacteria in o test this h es the bioge
to, or out fro e of CO2 (p mpared to th enhanced r ed particula esult in enh ntinuously richment do CO2 in sea ea ice forme t CO2 conte
and its reje processes c umption o on uly 2014 part of the diation by p rrent studie ctivity with may have o ompounds omplex gro me of the co re more rea e componen e longer res nds of years razing and e er, much of l sources an he oceanic p en. DOM, de rough polar a, protozoa, ore importan er se. The r key factor i ncorporated hypothesis. eochemistry om, the ice CO2) in sea
he Southern espiration i ate and diss
anced air-ic monitored t oes promote a ice depen ed from the nt. ection durin an change t f CO2 thr global carb polar ice. Th es, but there h gas fluxes on carbon c that are op oup of chem ompounds i active than nts cycling sidence tim s). The DOM excretion b f the DOM nd input via pool is the epending on r food webs microalgae ant factor in results of IN in regulatin into the ice In turn we y of CO2 in matrix. a ice has re rn Ocean. I in Arctic se solved orga ce CO2 flux the air-ice es CO2 rel nds on the freezing of ng ice-grow the CO2 con rough respi bon sink in he interplay e have been s in and out cycling and perationally mical is the n the DOM others. The rapidly (in es resulting M pool can by-products, M in marine the rivers. production n its nature, s, including e and small n regulating NTERICE 4 ng bacterial e. Therefore e wanted to the ice and
evealed that It has been ea ice, as a anic carbon xes (Geilfus CO2 fluxes ease to the e following f DOC-poor wth, due to ntent within iration and n y n t d y e M e n g n , e n , g l g 4 l e o d t n a n s s e g r o n d
Proce INTE We d 1; 1.2 a mi conta rich same of th the D light place and w The C (Figu we s time, grow Figur over after We m was expe decre wate still Durin homo reach the e comp eedings of th d. I w ERICE 5 E designed the 2 m3 experi ixture of se ain high am seawater w e time as me e bacterial g DOM as it w conditions, e within the waters was CO2 fluxes ure 1) which et up a cha , to capture wing phase. re 1. Exper freezing se r the ice had
maintained increased to riment: (1) eased from r). (2) An i decreased f ng the ice ogeneous; t hing a maxi end of the ex position of t he HYDRALA ce permeab water. This w EXPERIME e INTERIC imental bag eawater and mounts of D would have h easuring the growth and was incorpo , we effectiv e experimen due to bacte into or out h are more amber above e air-ice CO Such measu rimental me eawater carr formed to p the air tem o -1 °C to t An initial the top (ab intermediat from the to melt stage, the whole ic imum ice th xperiment. the ice, gas
AB IV Joint U bility and will result in ENT CE 5 experim gs suspende d river wat OM. We hy higher CO2 e CO2 dyna activity in orated into t vely remov nt. This me eria. of the ice w commonly e the surfac O2 fluxes d urements ca esocosms pr ried out wit provide solid peratures at trigger a de ice growth out -4.5 °C e ice growt op to the bo , from Day ce cover rea hickness of 2 The conseq fluxes, bac User Meeting 3 CO2 excha n CO2 fluxe ment to grow d in the ma ter collecte ypothesised content tha amics in the the mesoco the ice. Bec ved the prim eant that the
were measu employed f ce prior to s during the o an hardly be rior to freez th an autom d platform f t -14 °C fro ecay phase. h stage, fro C) to the bot th stage, fro ottom, but y 15 to Day ached -1.8 ° 24 cm, and quences of t cterial dynam g, Lisbon, Ju anges with es that can b w sea ice in ain test basin ed from a n d that the ic an that form system we osms as wel cause the ex mary produc e only relev ured using L for soil resp seawater fre onset sea ic e carried out
zing (left). mated cham for the cham om day 0 to This result om Day 1 t ttom (about om Day 5 t surface tem y 19, the te °C. The ice then stabili these physic mics will be uly 2014 the atmosp be measured n two series n): 1) Filled northern Fi e formed in med from na also made l as the che xperiments w ers and so n vant biologi Licor Li8100 piration mea eezing. This ce formatio t in the field Air-ice CO2 mber during mbers (right) o 14, and th ted in three to Day 5, w -1.8 °C, th to Day 15 w mperature de emperature thickness i ized or sligh cal developm e presented. phere and d. of mesocos d with seaw innish river n the tanks atural seaw detailed inv emical modi were perfor no photosyn gical activity 0 automate asurements. s allowed, f on and all t d. 2 fluxes me g freezing (m t).
hen the air t e distinct ph where ice t he freezing p where ice t ecreased to profiles be increased un htly decreas ments on th . underlying sms (Figure water and 2) r known to with DOC-ater. At the vestigations ifications to rmed in low nthesis took y in the ice d chambers In parallel, for the first through the easurements middle) and temperature hases of the temperature point of sea temperature o -6 °C. (3) came more ntil day 16, sed towards he chemical g e ) o -e s o w k e s , t e s d e e e a e ) e , s l
Proce ACK This the g The tank of th supp grate DeLi a FiD and t REF Aslam Diec dyna 661-Eron N. T organ Micr Geilf B. D (Amu C00G Müll C. U disso Zhou Papa landf of Ge eedings of th KNOWLED work was grant to the authors wo crew, for th he test prog orted the w eful to Erika lle thank th DiPro awar the Danish S FERENCES m, S., G. C kmann and amics and b 676 nen-Rasimus Thomas (20 nic matter robiologyOp fus, N. X., G elille (2012 undsen Gu G10 ler, S., A. V Underwood, olved organi u, J., B. De akyriakou, B
fast sea ice
eophysical R he HYDRALA DGEMENT supported b e Integrated uld like to he hospitali gram in the work by co a Allhusen ( e Fonds de d by the A Strategic Re S . Underwoo d D. Thom bacterial gro s, E., H. Ka 014), Bacte r availabil pen, 3, 139-G. Carnat, T 2), Dynamic ulf, Beaufo V. Vähätalo G. S. Die ic matter (D lille, H. Eic B. Heinesch (Barrow, A Research: O AB IV Joint U TS by the Euro d Infrastruct thank the H ity, technica e Research ollecting and (AWI) for h la Recherch Academy of esearch Cou od, H. Kaart mas (2012), owth during aartokallio, erial comm ity during -156. T. Papakyria cs of pCO2 ort Sea), Jo , C. A. Sted eckmann an DOM) durin cken, M. V h and J.-L. T Alaska): Insi Oceans, 118 User Meeting 4 opean Comm ture Initiati Hamburg Sh al and scien h Infrastruct d deliverin her excellen he Scientiqu Finland, th uncil to the tokallio, L. Dissolved g sea ice for
C. Lyra, R munity dyna g sea-ice akou, J. L. T and related Journal of dmon, M. A nd D. N. T ng sea ice fo Vancoppenol Tison (2013 ights on brin 8, 3172-318 g, Lisbon, Ju munity's 7th ive HYDRA hip Model B ntific suppo ture ARCT g the seaw nt support o ue – FNRS he Walter a project NA Norman, R extracellul rmation in a R. Autio, H. amics and formation Tison, B. El air-ice CO2 Geophysica A. Granskog Thomas (2 ormation, M lle, F. Brab 3), Physical ne and gas 89. uly 2014 h Framewor ALAB-IV ( Basin (HSV ort and the p TECLAB. water for the
f the work. . The work and Andree AACOS (gra R. Autio, M. lar polymer an ice tank Kuosa, G. activity in in a me lse, H. Thom 2 fluxes in t al Researc g, L. Norm 013), Selec Mar Chem, 1 bant, G. Car and biogeo dynamics a rk Programm (contract no VA), especi professiona The AWI e experime Jiayun Zhou was also su Nottbeck F ant no. 10-0 . Fischer, H ric substanc study, Pola S. Dieckm relation to esocosm e mas, E. Sha the Arctic c ch: Oceans man, S. N. A ctive incorp 155, 148-15 rnat, N.-X. ochemical p across seaso me through o. 261520). ially the ice al execution generously ent. We are u and Bruno upported by Foundation, 93909). H. Kuosa, G. ces (dEPS) ar Biol., 35, mann and D. o dissolved experiment, adwick, and coastal zone s, 117(C9), Aslam, G. J. poration of 7. Geilfus, T. properties in ons, Journal h . e n y e o y , . ) , . d , d e , . f . n l
