تقييم الإصلاح الجبائي

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ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﻤﺎﺠ

ـــــــــــ

ﺤﺭﻓ ﺔﻌ

ـــــــــــ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎ

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.ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ

ﻥﻤﻀ

.ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ

ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ: ﺔﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ

ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘ :ﺹﺼﺨﺘ

ﺤﺘ

ـ

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕـ

:

:ﺏـــــــﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ

:ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ

ﻪﺘﺸﺎﺠﺭ

ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

:ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ

ﻲﺤﻝﺎﺼ

ﺢﻝﺎﺼ

ﺔــــﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ

:

ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔــــــــــــﻨﺴﻝﺍ

2018

–

2019

ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺏﻘﻠﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ

ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ

ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ

ﻲﻨﺎﻴﻠﻤ

ﻡﻴﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

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ﺎــــــــــﺴﻴﺌﺭ

ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻲـﺤﻝﺎﺼ

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

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ﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻭ ﺎــــﻓﺭﺸﻤ

ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﻕﺍﺯﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

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ﺎــﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ

ﻱﺩـــــــﻴﻌﺴ

ﻲـﺤﻴ

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ

ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ

ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﺎــﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ

ﻲﺌﺎــــﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻡــــــﻴﻴﻘﺘ

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ﲓﺣﺮﻟا ﻦﲪﺮﻟا ﷲ ﻢﺴﺑ

ﲂﻠﲻ ﷲ ىﲑﺴﻓ اﻮﻠﲻا ﻞﻗ و"

"نﻮﻨﻣﺆﳌا و لهﻮﺳر و

ﷲ قﺪﺻ

ﲓﻈﻌﻟا

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.ﺀﺍﺩــــــــــــﻫﺇ

.ﷲﺍ ﻪﻤﺤﺭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ ﺡﻭﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ

.ﷲﺍ ﺎﻬﻅﻔﺤ ﺓﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ

ﻱﺩﻬﻤ ،ﻥﻴﺩﺭﺎﻨ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺠﻭﺯ ﻲﺘﺭﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ

. ﻥـــــــــــــــــــــــﻤﻴﺃ ﻲﻔﻁﺼﻤ ،ﻰﻤﻠﺴ ﺱﺎﻨﻴﺇ

.ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻲﻝ ﻡﺩﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ

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ﻜﺸﻝﺍ ـ ﻪﻨﺎﺤﺒﺴ ﷲ ﺭ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻘﻓﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ لﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻸﻝ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﺤﻝﺎﺼ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻝ لﺨﺒﻴ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻪ ﻴﻭ ـ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝ لﺠﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ . ﺒ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﺒ ﻑﺭﺸﺘﺃ ﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻝ ﻕﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﺸ . ﺀﻼﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﺃ ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﻼﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺀﺎﻗﺩﺼﻷﺍ .ﺎﻨﻝ ﺎﻫﻭﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻁﺴﺒ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﺒ

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ﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻬﻓ

ـ

ﺕﺎ

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ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 5 . 01 ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ 2003 – 2004 191 5 . 02 ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ 2002 – 2004 201 5 . 03 ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ 205 5 . 04 ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﻴﺨﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ 206 5 . 05 ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ 993 – 2004 227 ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺤﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 1 . 01 ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﻓﻻ ﻰﻨﺤﻨﻤ 92 5 . 01 ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻓﺩﺘ 1995 – 2004 198 5 . 02 ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ 1994 – 2000 214 5 . 03 ﻲﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ 1993 – 2004 218 5 . 04 ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘ 1993 – 2004 224 لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 4 . 01 ﻱﺯﻨﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭﻝﺍ 147 4 . 02 ﻰﻨﺤﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻼﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ 148 ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻘﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 01 ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ 255 02 ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ 2000 – 2008 256

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ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

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1 –

ﺩـﻴﻬﻤﺘ

ﺕﺴﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﻴ .ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻘﺜﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻉﺩﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺕﺎﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻓ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﺕﻀﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ :ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ -.ﻁﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﺼﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ -.ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺀﺯﺠ لﻜﺸﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺄﻓ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ .ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﺸﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻤﻋ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻕﻴﻌﺘ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺠﺘ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﺇ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﺓﺩﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ .ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻫﺩﺘﻓ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺒﻠﻁ .ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻹﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﻤﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﻼﺼ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤ 1991 ﻭ 1992 ﺭﻭﺩﺼ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺍﺯﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ 2013 .

2 -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ

ﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍﺭ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ .ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ،ﻼﺜﻤ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻁﺒﻀﻜ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺘﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺴﺍ .ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻋ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺭﺎﺨﺩﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺒ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺕﺴﻜﻌﻨﺍ 1.86 ـﺒ ﻭ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 1.84 ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ ﻻﻭﺩ ﻲﺘﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭ 1994 ﻭ 1998 .

(24)

ﺏ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘﻝ 29.97 ﺔﻨﺴ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 1994 ﻰﻝﺇ 37.01 ﺔﻨﺴ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 1998 . ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺇ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻋﺭﺸ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ،ﺽﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺭﺍﺩﺼﺇ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤﻭ .ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ، لﻘﺜﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻔﺼﺘﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﺒ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺠﺍﻭﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ،ﺕﺎﻘﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ .ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺎﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ .ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ :ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ؟ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺕﻘﻘﺤ لﻫ :ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﺍﺅﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺭﻔﺘﻴ ﻭ ﺃ ؟ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ لﻫ ﺏ -ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﺴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ؟ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ

3 ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ :

.ﺕﺎﻀﺍﺭﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺃ -ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ،ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﻔﻴﻜﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ .ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺝ -.ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺠﺴﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻩ – .ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺘﻜﻴ

4 :

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

:ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻌﺴﻨ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ .ﻼﺜﻤ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺜﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .

5 :

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ

ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ .ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ

(25)

ﺕ

6 :

ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ

ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ .ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ

7 :

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻻ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺀﺎﻨﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﻎﻠﺒ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺎﻓ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ، ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺓﺍﺩﺄﻜ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺩﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ .

8 :

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ

ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺽﺭﻋﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ .ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺇ

9 :

ﻝﺍ

ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ

:ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺃ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ،ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ، ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ 2000 ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺜﺤﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨ ﺯﺭﺒﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺞ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻠﺨ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺃ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ .ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭﻫ :ﺏ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ 1992 ﻭ 2004 ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﻤﺤ ﺩﻴﺯﻭﺒ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ 2005 – 2006 ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻫﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺜﺤﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ لﻘﺜ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻺﻝ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺯﺭﺒﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻌﻓ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﺒ ﺡﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺱﺭﺩ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎ .ﻪﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺝ : ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺔﻗﺯﺍﺭﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ 2003 ﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ، ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻠﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺫﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ 1998 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻰﺘﺤ 2002 ﺏﺎﻴﻐﺒ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻓ ، ﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺴﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺜﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭ ﺏﺭﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ .ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ

(26)

ﺙ ﺩ : ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ، ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ، 1995 ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ،ﻱﺩﻗ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺜﺤﺒ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ .ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ

ﻩ

: ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺃﻭ ، ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺠ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﻩﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ .ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ) لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻋﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘ :ﻭ 1992 – 2009 ،ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ،( .ﻥﻼﺠﻋ ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ

10 :

ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨ

ﺙ

.لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺴﻤﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻝﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻑﻭﺴﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑ .ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠ ﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻭ ، لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ،ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻤﺃ ﻲﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺎ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻠﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺨﺩﻻﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨﻭ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻷ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺱﺴ . ﻭ ﺹﺼﺨﻨﺴ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴ لﺒﻗ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻝ 1991 ،ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ، ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺴﻨﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺨﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻔﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﻨ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ .ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺍﺭﻀﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨﺴ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻜ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹ ﺕﺠﺭﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻀﻜ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻺﻝ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨﺴ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ .ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﺭﻝﺎﻜ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕ

(27)

لـﺼﻔﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ

:

ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ

ﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ

ـ

ﻤ ﻱﺭ

ـ

ﻥ

ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ

ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ

ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ

ﺇ

ﻰﻝ

ﺔﻠﺤﺭـﻤ

ﺼﺘﻗﺍ

ـ

ﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎ

ـ

ﻕﻭ

(28)

ــﻴﻬﻤﺘ

ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﻲﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻡﺘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ . ﻥﺇ ﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺫﺇ ﺍﺩﻤ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ ، ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﻀ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺭﻴﻴ ﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﻥﺴﺤﻸﻝ ﻝ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻲ . ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﺒ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ . ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻀﺨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻬﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻜ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻠﺒ ﻱﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ لﻜ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻝﺇ ﻰ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ لﺸﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺓﻭﻫ ﺕﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻔﻤ ﻻ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﻁﻴ ﺏﺘﺭﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺄﺒ ﺎﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻲﻘﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﻘﺤﻻ ﺠﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ﻲﺌﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ :لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ : .

(29)

ﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ :لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻱﺭ ﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﺎﻋ ﺔـﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩـﻘﺘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺃ ﺍﺯﺠﺎﺤ ﺕﻔﻗﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﺓﺩـﺤ ﺓﺩﺎـﻴﺯ ،ﺩﻼﺒـﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺕﺩﺼﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻫﺩـﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺤﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ،ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻁﺎـﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﺎـﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎـﻴﺯ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻑﺎﻀﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝ ﺔـﻝﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺕـﻌﻓﺩ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻱ . ﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ :لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻝ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ لﺨﺩﺘﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠ ﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ . ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﻜﻝﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻓ ﺎﺤﺠﺎﻨ ﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻼﺠﺒ ﻪﺤﻤﻼﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﺘﻝ ،لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﺒﺘ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﻤﺠﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻻﺃ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ، .ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺀﻼﺘﻴ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺼﻨ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ 02 ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻴ ﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ لﻼﺨ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺓﻭﻁﺨ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷﻭ لﺒ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ 1 ﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻊﻤ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﺨ ، ﺩﻴﺭﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻰﻨﺴﺘﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ،ﺎﻴﻨﻼﻘﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻬﻝ ﺓﺭﻁﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ﻡ . ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ " ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺒﺠﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺘﺒﺜﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻤﺯﻠﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺤﻷ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺯﻝﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻭ ،" ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ، ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺘﻴﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤﺒ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﻡﺜ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ .ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ .ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ 1 ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ 02 ﻡﻗﺭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ 70 – 10 ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ 20 / 01 / 1970 لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، 1970 – 1973 ﺩﺩـﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ، 55 .

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ﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭ : ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ لﻭﺤ ﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﺒ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘ ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻼﺜﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﻨ . ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ :ﻻﻭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻓ ﻴﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻨﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔ ﻭ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻠﻝ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . ﻥﺇ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻭ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒ لﻜ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﺒ ﺽﻭﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﺒ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﻭ ،ﻲﻋﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ (ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ) ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ . ﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭﺒ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻺﻝ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻊﻀ ، ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ 1 . ﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻁﺨ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ، ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻕﺒﺎﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ لﻭﻌﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ 2 . ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻊﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ لﻔﻜﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ 3 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ .ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﻘﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻠﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺍﺯﻴﺤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﻋﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻭ . ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻜﻭﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻸﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺫﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ 4 . 1 -ﺩﻭﺩﻏﺯ ﻲﻠﻋ ، ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ، ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ، 1982 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 412 . 2 ﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝ 30 ﻡﻗﺭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ 75 – 76 ﻤﻝﺍ ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭ 21 / 11 / 1975 ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺎـﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠـﺴ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘـﺸﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ 100 . 3 ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ 9 ﻡﻗﺭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ 75 – 76 ﻤﻝﺍ ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭ 21 / 11 / 1975 ، ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ . 4 -ﻱﺩﺒﺍﻭﻋ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ 1981 ، ﺔﺤﻔﺼ 313 .

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ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺒ ﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻲ ﻡﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﻴﺴﺄﺘﻝﺍ 1 ، ﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﻜ ﺒ ﻊﻴﺭﺎـﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻁﻘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩـﺤﻭ ﺕﺎـﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺎﺸﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺩﻭﻘﻋ ﻡﺍﺭﺒﺇ . ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔ . ﻪﻨﺃ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻀﻭﻋ ﻥﻋ ،ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﺤﺘ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ) ﻪﻤﺎﻬﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻭﺃ (...ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ) ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ (...لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ، . ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺄﺸﻨﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ 1970 2 ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺎﻫﻻﻭﺘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺘﻭ .ﺔﺴﺎﺌﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻠﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻗﺇ ﻰﻝﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺩﻼﺒﻝ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝ لﻭﺨ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺫﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻭ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ 3 ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺴﺭﺘ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺔﻤﺯﻠﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﻭ ﻻﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﻭ لﻼﻐﺘﺴ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺨ ﺀﺍﺭﺂﺒ ﺔﺒﻭﺤﺼﻤ ﺔﻤﺭﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ .ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋ ﺱﻝﺎﺠﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻌﻁﻘﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺊﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭ ﻋ ﺕﻀﺨﻤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻗﺍﻭﻨ ﻪﻨ ﺔﻤﺠ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇﻭ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺩﻜﺄﺘ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﻲﻝﻵﺍ لﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺌ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺸﻨﻭ ،ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻭ ﺎﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ 4 . ﺠﻺﻝ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻊﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﻗﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﺒ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺘﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﻝ ﻭ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻠﻝ ﺊﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃﻭ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻻﺃ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺩﻗ ﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺝﺎﺘﻨ ﺍﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻜﺒ ﺎﻤﺴﺘﺍ ﺓﺭﺜ .ﺓﻭﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺕﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ 1_{- Ahmed BOUYACOUB, L’entreprise industrielle publique algerienne , O.P.U, Alger 1987, page 74.}

2 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ 70 – 57 ﻤﻝﺍ ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭ 08 / 03 / 1970 ، ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻜﺸﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ، 15 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ 1970 . 3 ،ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝ ﺔﺤﻔﺼ 207 .

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ﺎﺜ ﺎﺜﻝ ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ : ﺩﻘﻝ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ 70 – 74 ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﻕﻴـﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ، لﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺕﺩﻌﺘ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ لﺤﻤ لﺤﺘﻝ . ﺔﻴﺎـﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﻭ ،ﺦﻝﺍ... ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻜ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻰـﻠﻋ لـﺼﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺍﺭـﻴﺜﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻘﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻜﺘﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻴﺨﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺠﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ،ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻭ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤﻝ ) ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ( ... 1 . ،ﻪـﻠﻤﻜﺄﺒ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻭ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ، ﻭ ﻥﺄـﺒ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﻴـﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨ لﺨﺩﺃ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺫﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﻴﺃﺭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ . ﻻ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺭﻗ لﻜﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﻘﻓﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﻻﺇ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔـﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺭـﻁ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺃ ﻯﺭﺨ . ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺎـﻓ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘـﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ . ﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﺒ ﺍﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺒﺴﺘ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﺎﻴﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻗﺍﺭﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ . ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻅﺤﻭﻝ ﺩﻘﻝ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ـﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻋﺎﺠﺭﺈﺒ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﺸﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻕﺭﻐﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ " ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻨﺘﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،"ﻲﻨﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻼﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻠﻝ ﺍﻭﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺭـﺜﻜﺒ ﺩﺩﺭـﺘﻴ لﻜـﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ 2 . ﻕـﻨﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﺩﺃ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻭ ﺭﺤ ﺔﻴ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻠـﺴﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭـﺘﻭ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻋﺎﻀ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩـﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺎـﻤﻵﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺙﺩﺤ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺱﻼﻓﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻻ ﻭ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﻝﺄﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺅﺘ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺭﺒﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ 3 . 1_{- Ahmed BOUYACOUB, L’entreprise industrielle publique algerienne , op , cit , page 95.}

2 Mokhtar BELAIBOUD, Gestion stratégique de l’entreprise publique algérienne, O.P.U, Alger 1986, page

-95. 3 ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ 14 ﻥﻤ ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ﺭﻬﺸ 1987 ﺔﺤﻔﺼ ، 55 .

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ﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝ ﺎﻬﻠﺸﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ : ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ 1963 ﻰﻝﺇ 1969 ﻡﻼـﻋﻹﺍ ﺍﺫـﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 1 ﻨﻜﻝ ، ﺎـﻬ ﺔﻋﺭـﺴﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺕﻤﻤﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﺒ ﺕﻝﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ . ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺎﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ 1970 ﺦﻴﺭﺎـﺘ ﺭﺍﺩـﺼﺇ ﺫـﻨﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ 1975 – 1976 ﺕـﺒﻠﻏ ﺓﺭـﻜﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻓ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻭـﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ 1971 ﺱﻴﻝ . ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ،ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺘ لﺒ ﺩﻭﻌ ﺕـﻌﺒﻁ ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺍﺭـﺘﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻭﻤﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻭـﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺭﺠﻤ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻪﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﺤﻤ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺽﻭﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ . ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ :ﻻﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻥﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﺒ ﻩﺫﻬ ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ لﻜﺸﻜ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺃ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺴ ﻥﻴﺒﺨﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻯﺯﻐﻤ ﻻ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،لﺸﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﻝ ﻪ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻪﺘﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺨﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺍ .ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝ ﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀﺒ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻑﺼﺘﺍ ﺩﻘ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ،لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺒﺨﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨ ﻭ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ . 2 ﻥﻤﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻭﻝ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺫﻜ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻺ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﻁﺅﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺈﻓ ،ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﻲﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﺒ ﻨﻤﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﻪﻝ ﺢ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻓ ﻨﺎﻜ ﺕ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺓﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﺒ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﺎ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻼﻜﺸ ﻪﻝ ﺕﻁﻋﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺽﻗﺎﻨﺘﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ " ﺏﺘﻜﻴﻭ "ﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﺩﻴﻤﺤ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺍﻭﺤ لﻜ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ .ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻝ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺽﻭﺭﻘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻭ ﻲﻜﻨﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺎﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺍﺫﻬ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ 3 ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﻲﻘﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﻨ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ . ،ﺭﻭﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻫﻭ ،لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻙﻠﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﻱﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻝ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺄﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺭﻭﺠﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ لﺨﺩ ﻻ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ 4 ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﻼﻋ . ﻑﻠﻜﻤ لﻭﻷﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﻨﻤﻤ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ لﻴﻭﻤﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫ .ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺽﻭﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ :ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ 1 ﺍ ﺭﻤﻷ ﻡﻗﺭ 71 – 74 ـﻝ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ 16 / 11 / 71 ، ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺩﺩﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺓﺩﻴﺭﺠ ، 101 ﺔﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ 1971 .

2_{- Mohamed BOUSSOUMAH, L’entreprise socialiste en Algérie , O.P.U., 1982 , pages 11, 12 , 13 14}

3

- NECIB REDJEM, L’entreprise publique algerienne ( socialisme et participation) , O.P.U 1987, page 37.

4_-_{RABAH NOURREDINE SAADI ,la gestion socialiste des entreprises algeriennes, O.P.U Alger 1984,page}

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ﺭﻁﻴﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﺇ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ 6,5 % ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ 6 , 49 % ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ 2 , 41 % ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻭ ﻴ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻏﺭﻓﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ .ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺭﻴﺴﻤﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺠﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﺕﺴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ لﻴﻭﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﺒ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻱﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻴﻨﺎﻜﻴﻤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺈﺒ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،ﻙﺍﺫﻨﺁ ﻲﺘﻴﻓﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺔﻨﺴ ﺕﺴﺴﺄﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺫﺨﺘﻤ 1963 لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻔﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻎﺒﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﻴﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻸﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ... ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ لﻭﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺔﻴ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ " . ﺭﺠﺎﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ، "ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻜ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺠﺴﻤ ،ﻲﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﺒ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺭﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺘ ﺒﻠﺼ ﺎ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ، ﻥﻭﺼﺘﺨ ﺫﻭﺨﺄﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ .ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻴﺴﻼﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ لﻌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜ ،ﻊﻨﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ،ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺫﻭﺨﺄﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻑﻼﺨ ﺍﺭﻁﻴﺴﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻷ ،ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻉﺭﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺤﺎﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﻨﺠ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻓ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻐﺘﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻌﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺫﺍﻭﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﻼﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ل ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺩﻌﻨﺘ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ 1 . ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ :ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺔﻨﺴ 1970 ، ﺔﻨﺴ ﺭﺎﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ 1970 ﺏﺼﻨﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻨﺴ لﻼﺨﻓ 1970 ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻴﺩﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻ .ﻥﻴﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﺘﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻤﻭﻴ ﺹﻠﻘﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻴ .لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ 1_{- Mokhtar BELAIBOUD, OP, Cit, page 55.}