Temperature Measurements in Full-Scale Insulated Gypsum Board-Protected Wall Assemblies with Resilient Channels

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Sultan, M. A.; Lougheed, G. D.; Monette, R. C.; MacLaurin, J. W.; Denham, M.

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Temperature Measurements in Full-Scale

ted Gypsum Board-Protected Wall

blies with Resilient Channels

by

M,A.

Sultan, G.D. Lougheed, R.C. Monette, J.W. Maclaurin

and E.M.A. Denham

Internal Report N0.676

Date of issue: December 1994

C I ~ T I / I C I S T NRC/CNRC

IRC Ser Internat report : r n s t i t u t e

Received on: 02-09-95 , -- Bev Creighton ANALTSE

internal report : Institute

f o r Research in A N , & L ~ Z % ~

Consttuctton Canada

This is an internal report of the lnstitute for Research in Construction. Although not intended for general distribution, it may be cited as a reference in other publications.

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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FULL-SCALE INSULATED GYPSUM BOARD-PROTECTED WALL ASSEMBLIES WITH RESILIENT CHANNELS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research is a Joint Research Project among the following partners. The National Research Council Canada appreciates the participation of these partners in research, both in terms of their financial contributions and in terms of their technical contributions through the Project Steering Committee.

Canada Mortgage and Housing Co~poration Canadian Home Builders Association

Fiberglas Canada Inc. Roxul Tnc.

- - . ~ - - ~ - - - - - ~

Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Association of Canada Gypsum Manufacturers of Canada

Foiintek Canada Corporation

Canadian Shect Steel Building Institute Institute for Research in Construction

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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FULL-SCALE INSULATED GYPSUM BOARD-PROTECTED WALL ASSEMBLIES WITH RESILIENT CHANNELS ABSTRACT

This rep017 presents the results of 7 full-scale fire resistance tests conducted at the National Fire Laboratory on load-bearing insulated full-scale gypsum board protected wall assemblies with resilient channels on one side. The two assembly arrangements studied were: asymmetrical installation 1x2 (one layer of gypsum board on the exposed side and

two layers of gypsum board on the unexposed side) and symmetrical installation 2x2 (two

layers of boards on each of the exposed and unexposed sides) on wood studs. Two

gypsum board thicknesses were considered: 12.7 mm and 15.9 mm Type X. The

insulations used were glass, mineral and cellulose (blown dry) fibres. Tests were conducted to determine the effects of resilient channel installation, insulation types, and gypsum board thickness in symmetrical and asymmetrical installations on the fire

resistance pe~formance of gypsum board protected wall assemblies. The tcmperatures

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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN FULL-SCALE INSULATED GYPSUM BOARD-PROTECTED WALL ASSEMBLIES WITH RESILIENT CHANNELS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Changes included in the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) [l] increased the sound transmission classification between dwelling units from STC 45 to STC 50. As well, changes included in the 1991 CANICSA-A82.27-M91 Standard [2] "Gypsum Board-Building Materials and Products" removed minimum density requirements for gypsum hoard. Either or both of these changes may have an impact on the fire resistance of both wall and floor assemblies refcrenccd in Parts 3 and 9 of the NBCC, as well as the calculation methods in Chapter 2 of the Supplement to the NBCC.

As a result of these changes, a Joint Research Project involving the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC), the National Research Council Canada (NRCC) and 8 industry partners was conducted. The primary objective of the project was to determine the impact of the changes to the Code and Standard on the fire resistance ratings of insulated and non-insulated gypsum board wall assemblies. To evaluate these possible effects, a number of full-scale (22) and small-scale fire resistance tests (49) were conducted.

This report presents the results of 7 full-scale fire resistance tests conducted at the

National Fire Laborato~y, IRC. NRCC, as part of the Joint Research Project to determine

the effects of resilient channel installation and gypsum hoard thickness on the fire resistance performance of load-hearing insulated gypsum board wall assemblies. The temperatures measured at the gypsum board surfaces and on the studs as well as deflection results for loaded assemblies are presented.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF TEST ASSEMBLIES

The full-scale test assembly furnace is shown in Figure 1

2.1 Dimensions

Seven full-scale gypsum board wall assemblies were constructed, 3048 mm high by

3658 mm wide with various depths depending on the number of layers of gypsum board.

The specific dimensions of each assembly are given in Figures 2 to 8.

2.2 Materials

Materials used in the assemblies were as shown in the following sections: 2.2.1 Gvpsum Board

Type X gypsum board conforming to the requirements of CANICSA-A82.27-M91

[2] was used. The thicknesses of Type X gypsum board used in the assemblies were 12.7

mm and 15.9 mm.

2.2.2 Framing Materials

The wood studs used were nominal 2x4's (38 mm thick by 89 mm deep) and

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2.2.3 Resilient Channels

The resilient channels used in the assemblies consisted of sections of 0.18 mm

thick galvanized steel. These channcls consisted of a 34 mm web and one flattened 18 mm

flange lip. The flange between the web and flattened lip was perforated with 36 mm oblong holes.

2.2.4 Insulation

Three types of insulation were used: glass fibre-R12 (supplied by Fiberglas Canada Inc., Willowdale, Ontario with a mass per unit area of 1.08 kg/m2), mineral fibre- R13 (supplied by Roxul Inc., Milton, Ontario with a mass per unit area of 2.78 kg/m2) and cellulose fibre (supplied by Thermo-Cell Insulation Ltd., Orleans, Ontario with a mass per unit area of 4.57 kg/m2). All of the types of insulation used conformed to CSA AlO1-M83 [41.

2.3 Fabrication

The full-scale assemblies were constructed in accordance with CANICSA-A82.31- M91 [4]. Details on assemblies are presented in Table 1. All assemblies were constructed by the same contractor using the same construction practices.

2.3.1 Wood Stud Assemblies

The wood studs used were 38 mm by 89 mm (SPF No. 1 and No. 2, S-Dry,

QLMA Mill Grade 149), spaced at 400 mm O.C. for all assemblies.

In asyrnmctrical gypsum board (1x2) wall assemblies. the exposed side had one gypsum board layer and the unexposed side had two gypsum board layers: base and face layers. The base layer on the unexposed side was attached to wood studs with Type S drywall screws, 41 mm long, spaced at 600 mm O.C. and in the field of the board and along the edges of the gypsum board. The face layer was attached to both the base layer

and wood studs with Type S drywall screws, 5 1 mm long, spaced at 400 mm O.C. The

gypsum board layer on the exposed side was attached to wood studs with Type S drywall

screws, 41 mm long, spaced at 400 mm O.C. along the edges of the gypsum board and in

the field of the board. Screw locations and gypsum board joints are shown in Figures 9 to

I 1. Screw heads on both the exposed and unexposed faces were covered with joint

compound. Gypsum board joints were also taped and covered with joint compound. In double layer assemblies (2x2), both the exposed and unexposed sides had two gypsum board layers: base and face layers. The base layer was attached to the wood studs with Type S m a l l screws, 41 mm long, spaced at 600 mm O.C. in the field of thc board and along the edges. The face layer was attached to both the base layer and the

studs with Type S drywall screws, 51 mm long, spaced at 400 mm O.C. along the edges

and in the field of the board. Screw locations and gypsum board joints are shown in Figures 12 to 15. Screw heads on both the exposed and unexposed faces were covered with joint compound. Gypsum board joints were also taped and covered with joint compound.

2.3.2 Insulation

Mineral and glass fibre insulation batts were supplied in samples 90 mm thick by 584 mm wide and 1220 mm long. The cellulose fibre insulation was extruded into the cavity (blown dry) after the installation of the thermocouples.

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2.3.3 Resilient Channel Installation

The resilient channels were attached to either the exposed or unexposed side of the wood studs, with 25 mm long, self-drilling. self-tapping steel screws spaced at 300 mm

O.C. The gypsum board was attached to the channels with 32 mm long Type S drywall,

steel screws spaced at 300 rnm O.C. Eight rows of channels were installed horizontally, perpendicular to the studs at 400 rnm O.C., using similar construction practices to those specified in ULC Assembly U-31 I [6].

2.4 Instrumentation

Type K (20 gauge) chromel-alumel thermocouples, with a thickness of 0.91

mm,

were used for measuring temperatures at a number of locations throughout each assembly. Inside the cavities, the thermocouples were attached to 6 wire hangers installed midway between the studs and at mid-depth of the studs at distances of 114 and 314 of the height of the wall. By providing tension to the hanger wire, the thermocouples were positioned flush with the surface of the gypsum hoard.

A number of small holes, 12.7 mm diameter, were drilled through the wood stud

assemblies at the bottom to allow the thermocouple wiring to exit the assembly. Thermocouple locations for each assembly are shown in Figures 2 to 8.

The deflection at the udexposed sulface was measured at different locations as shown in Figures 16 and 19 using the electro-mechanical method described in

Reference [7].

2.5 Loadbearing

The loading device used in this study is illustrated in Figure 1. Details on this device are presented in Reference [S]. This loading system uses two steel frames, located at the top and bottom of the assembly. The load was applied using 8 hydraulic jacks fitted at the top to simulate vertical st~uctural loads. The loads used in this study are presented in Table 1. These load5 were calculated by the Canadian Wood Council [9] in

consultation with other partners.

3.0 TEST APPARATUS

The tests werc carried out by exposing the assemblies to heat in a propane-fired, vertical fumace as shown in Figure 1. The finnace was lined with fire brick covered with a 25.4 mm ceramic fibre blanket. The assemblies were sealed at the edges against the furnace with ceramic fibre blanket. The furnace temperature was measured by nine

(20 gauge) shielded the~mocouples in accordance with CANAJLC-S101-M89 [lo]. The

average of the nine thermocouple temperatures was used to control the fumace temperature.

4.0 TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES

4.1 Fire Exposure

The ambient temperature at the start of each test was approximately 22°C. During the test, the wall assembly was exposed to heating on the exposed side, in such a way that : the average temperature in the furnace followed, as closely as possible, the CANIULC-

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4.2 Failure Criteria

The failure criteria for the full-scale tests were from CANNLC-S101-M89 [lo]. An assembly was considered to have failed if a single point thermocouple temperature reading on the unexposed face rose above 180°C above the ambient temperature or the average temperature of the 9 thermocouple readings under the insulated pads on the unexposed face (see Figure 20) rose 140°C above the ambient temperature or there was passage of flame or gases hot enough to ignite cotton waste.

4.3 Recording of Results

The furnace and wall assembly temperatures were recorded at 1 minute intervals. In Test F-14, due to a power failure at 63 min, all data up to that time was lost.

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the 7 full-scale fire tests are summarized in Table 1. Tabular data for each test arc presented in the following:

The average temperatures measured on each gypsum board surface are plotted in Figures 22 to 28. Detailed temperatures for all nine thermocouples under the insulation pads on the unexposed surface are also plotted in Figures 21 to 27.

Test F-08 F-12 F-13 F-14 F- 14B F-17 F-18

The deflections measured at the unexposed surface are plotted in Figures 28 to 33.

5.1 Effects of Different Insulations in (1x2) Load-bearing Assemblies with

Resilient Channels on the Single Layer Side (Figure 34) Single Location Temperature Tables 2 4 6 8 10 12 13

Tests F-08 (glass fibre insulation) and F-12 (mineral fibre insulation) were

conducted to investigate the effect of different types of insulation in the wall cavity on the fire resistance ratings of load-bearing (1x2) assemblies with resilient channels on the single layer side (fire-exposed side). The structural failure and flame penetration criteria were reached at 5 1 min in Test F-08 compared to 52 min in Test F- 12. The difference in the fire resistance ratings is within the systematic error of the tests. The failure is

predominantly due to the occurrence of piloted ignition of the wood stud sides in the small cavity created by the installation of the resilient channels. The unprotected wood studs started to bum at the same time for both tests as the gypsum board joints opened. These results showed that. in (1x2) assemblies with resilient channel installations on the single

Average Surface Temperature Tables 3 5 7 9 1 1

-

14 Deflection Measurement Tables 15 16

-

17 18 - 19

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layer side, the insulation type (glass and mineral fibre) did not affect the fire resistance ratings.

5.2 Effects of Different Insulations in (1x2) Load-bearing Assemblies with

Resilient Channels on the Double Layer Side (Figure 35)

Tests F-13 (cellulose fibre insulation) and F-17 (mineral fibre insulation) were conducted to investigate the effect of the type of insulation in the wall cavity on the fire resistance ratings of load-bearing (1x2) assemblies with resilient channels on the double layer side (unexposed side). The structural failure and flame penetration criteria were reached at 56 min in Test F-13 compared to 58 min in Test F-17. The difference in the fire resistance rating is within the systematic error of the test procedure. These results showed that, in (1x2) assemblies with the resilient channel installed on the double layer side. the insulation type (cellulose and mineral fibre) did not affect the fire resistance ratings.

5.3 Effect of Resilient Channel Locations (Figure 36)

Tests F-12 (resilient channels on the fire-exposed side) and F-17 (resilient channels on the unexposed side) were conducted to investigate whether the location of the resilient channel had an effect on the fire resistance performance of load-bearing (1x2) assemblies using mineral fibre insulation in the wall cavity. The stntctural failure and flame

penetration criteria were reached at 52 min for Test F-12 and at 58 min for Test F-17. These results showed that the location of the resilient channels played an important role in the fire resistance rating. In asymmetrical assemblies (1x2) with mineral fibre insulation, the assembly with the resilient channel installed on the double layer side provided a better fire resistance rating than the assembly with the resilient channel installed on the single layer side.

5.4 Effects of Gypsum Board Thicknesses in (1x2) Assemblies with Resilient

Channels on the Single Layer Side, Fie-Exposed Side (Figure 37)

Tests F-08 (12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board), F-14 and F-14B (15.9 mm

thick Type X gypsum board) were conducted to investigate the effect of the gypsum board

thickness on the fire resistance rating of load-bearing gypsum board wall assemblies using 90 mm thick glass fibre insulation in the wall cavity and resilient channels on the single layer side (fire-exposed side). Test F-14B was a repeat of Test F-14 and was conducted to confirm its results. The structural failure and flame penetration criteria were reached at

5 1 min for Test F-08. at 52 min for Test F-14 and at 51 min for Test F-14B. The

difference in the fire resistance rating is considered to be within the systematic error of the test procedure. The failure is predominantly due to the occurrence of piloted ignition of the wood studs in the small cavity created by the installation of the resilient channels on the exposed side. The unprotected wood studs started to bum at the same time for all tests as the gypsum board joints opened. These results showed that, in (1x2) Type X gypsum board wall assemblies using glass fibre insulation and resilient channels on the single layer side (fire-exposed side), the thickness of the gypsum board did not play a role in the fire resistance performance.

The results of Tests F-08, F-12, F-14 and F-14B, as shown in Figure 4, suggest that for load-bearing (1x2) assemblies with the resilient channel located on the single layer side (fire-exposed side) the failure time is independent of the insulation type and gypsum board thicknesscs. The gypsum board joints are considered to be the dominant factor in : the failure of these assemblies.

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5.5 Effects of Number of Gypsum Board Layers in Assemblies with Resilient Channels on One Side (Figure 38)

Tests F-08 (1x2) and F-18 (2x2) were conducted to investigate the effect of the number of gypsum board layers on the fire-exposed side attached to the resilient channels on the fire resistance performance. The structural failure and flame penetration criteria were reached at 5 1 min for Test F-08 and at 79 min for Test F-18. These results showed that, in a (2x2) assembly with a double layer on the fire-exposed side (with joints

staggered), the fire resistance rating provided a 55% increase in the fire resistance rating compared to a (1x2) assembly with single layer on the exposed side

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

1. In (1x2) loaded gypsum board wall assemblies with resilient channels installed on either side of the wood studs. the insulation type did not affect the fire resistance performance.

2. In (1x2) loaded gypsum board wall assemblies with mineral fibre insulation in the wall cavity, the assembly with resilient channels installed on the double gypsum board layer side provided a better fire resistance performance than the assembly with resilient channels installed on thc single gypsum board layer sidc.

3. In loaded assemblies with resilient channels installed on thc cxposcd sidc, the sin& layer gypsum board thickness did not play a role in the fire resistance performance. The joints were the determining factor.

4. Adding a gypsum board layer on the single layer side of a (1x2) loaded wall assembly with resilient channels installed on the single layer side increased the fire resistance performance by a 55%.

7.0 REFERENCES

1. National Building Code of Canada (Part 9), National Research Council Canada,

Ottawa, 1990.

2. CANICSA-A82.27-M9 1, Gypsum Board-Building Materials and Products, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 1991.

3. CSA 0141-1970, Softwood Lumber, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 1970.

4. CSA A101-M83, Thermal Insulation, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale,

Ontario, 1983.

5. CANICSA-A82.3 1-M91, Gypsum Board Application, Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, Ontario, 1991.

6. ULC List of Equipment and Materials, Vol. 3, Fire Resistance Ratings, Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario, 1991, p. 272.

7. Lie, T.T. and Bemdt, J.E., Remote Measurement of Large Deflections in Fire Tests, Division of Building Research, National Research Council Canada, Building Research

Note No 84 1977

- - - - - . - . - . , -

-

.

-

.

8. Shorter, G. W. and Harmathy, T. Z., "Fire Research Furnaces at the National Research Council, Fire Study No. 1. Division of Building Research, National Research Council Canada, NRC 5732. 1960

9. McPhee, R., Private communication, Canadian Wood Council, Ottawa, Ontario, 1993.

10. CANRJLC-S101-M89, Standard Methods

of

Fire Endurance Tests of Building

Construction and Materials. Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario, 1989

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..

...

Table 1. Full-Scale Assembly Parameters and F i e Test Results

SIF - Structural Failure and Frame Penetration

X

-

Type X

GFI -Glass Fibre Insulation, R12

CFI -Cellulosic Fibre Insulation (blown dry) MFI - Mineral Fibre Insulation

E

-

Exposed Side U

-

Unexposed Side

(13)

(14)

(15)

.

(16)

., ...

(17)

(18)

(19)

I

(20)

"

. . ~

(21)

.

. .

(22)

. . .

Table 3. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-08, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Glass Fibre Insulation, Loaded Assembly

Lwend: BL

-

Base Laver. FL

-

Face Laver. Cav. - Cavltv. SStd.

-

Steel Stud. WSU.

-

Wood Stud. Av - Average, EXP.

-

Exposed Slde, UnExo.

-

Unexposed Slde llm T(FH) 8 N 8 1 4 . (ExP.) B U C n . (Exp 1 ula WSLO. BUCar. ( ~ n E x p 1 BVWBIa. (UnExp] EUnllMExp.) UnElp.

(man1 ~ C I Awl24 26,2% AV(M.31.U. Avlt6.11.1C10, AV(U,U 44. Av(30,91.32. AV(W,8ILZ,b1,M.65 Av(1.2,a.P 5.

(23)

. . . I .

(24)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-12, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Mineral Fibre Insulation, a ,

.

,Loaded Assemblv

(25)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F12, (Cont.)

(26)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in

Full

Scale Assembly F-12, (Cont.)

(27)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F- 12, (Cont.)

(28)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-12, (Cont.)

(29)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-12, (Cont.)

(30)

(31)

Table 4. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F12, (Cont.)

(32)

Table 5. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-12, Wood Stud, Mineral Fibre Insulation, Loaded Assembly

ei

-

Base Laver. FL

-

Face Laver. Cav.

-

Cavltv. SStd.

-

Steel Stud, WSU.

-

Wood Stud, Av

-

Averaae. Exp. - Exposed Side, UnExp.

-

Unexoosed Side

TlFwI BVWSId (Exp.) B U h v (Exp.1 Mld. WSIa. 8 U h v . l u n u p ) BVWSId, [UnUp j BLiTL(MUp.j UnExp.

( C I Av(24.XE8, Av[36,37Lb Av(l@,t7.1s.l#. Av[42,a,u, lv(30.31 32. Av(BO,81.P.Q$4C% Av(l 2.3.4,s.

2 7 . 1 29 39.40.41 20.21.22.23 4S.1847

7

(33)

Table 5. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-12, (Cont.)

Lwend: i)i- Base Laver. FL

-

Face Laver. Cav. - Cavity, ~ ~ t d .

-

Steel ~ h d . ~ ~ t d . -wood stud. AV

-

Averaae, Exp.

-

Ex~osed Slde. UnExp.

-

unexmsed Slde

Tlm. T(Fw) s w s l d . (Exp.) BUCw. (EXP.) uld. wsb. OUUV. (unup.) BUWSld (UnUp.) ~ W L (UnUp.) untxp.

(mnl I C ) Ar(24.152t Av(S.Y.38, A ~ ( l b I 7 , 0 , 1 9 , AV(42 U.U. A~130.31>2. AV(M.~I 8 2 , a , ~ . 8 & *V11,2.3.4s5.

27,18 19) 8D.40.41) 10.21.22 13) 45.48,47)

."

^.^^ I

"".

.

... . ~ ~

(34)

Table

6.

Temperatures Measured in Full Scale k ~ s e m b l y F-13, Wood Stud,lx2 Gypsum Board Layers,Mineral Fibre Insulation,

(35)

Table 6. Temperatures Measured

in

Full

Scale

Assembly F-13, (Cont.)

(36)

Full

(37)

Table 6. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-13, (Cont.)

(38)

(39)

Table 6. Temperatures Measured

in

Full Scale Assembly F-13, (Cont)

(40)

(41)

Table 6. Temperatures Measured

in

Full Scale Assembly F-13, (Cont.)

(42)

Table 7. Average Temperatures Measured

in

Full Scale Assembly F-13, Wood Stud, Mineral Fibre Insulation, Loaded Assembly

" . . .

Leqend: BL

-

Base Laver. FL

.

Face Laver, Cav.

-

Cavltv. SStd. -Steel Shld. WStd.

-

Wood Stud, Av

-

Averapa. EXD. - Exposed Side. UnExp. - Unexposed Slds

l l m s I d " ) I "..

.""

"".

-. " -. . ~ ~ ~~ ~ 8.t.a.o) TlFav) I'Cl 8 W 8 l d 1Exp.J Av(24.25.2L 9 ~ c . r . ( ~ x p . ) Av(36.37.38. Mld W8td A',(t8.17.18.10. BUCav. (UnEnp.1 AV(42.U.U. Y0,2l,YY,Y3] 17.28 29) 39.40.41) 4L16,47) SW6ld.(bnUp.) Av130.31 32. 33 34.35) w.e7.08 8o.70.71) BWL(UnUp.1 AVIOI1,61.M,64.61. UnExp. AV(1 2.3.6.5,

(43)

Table 7. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F13, (Cont.)

Lwbnd:bL

-

Bme Laver. FL

-

Cavity. SSld.

-

Sled Stud, WStd.

-

Wood Slud. Av

-

Average. EXD.

-

Exposed Slde, UnExp.

-

Unexposed Slde

llmr INnJ 1 l F a I ('CI BLms1d. [Erp.) Av(Y4.15 14 27,2&19) UnUp. Avils2.%4.S 8.7,8.D) BUClv. [Exp.) AWS.37.U. SD.M.41) UIQ. W S ~ O Av(18,17,18,1D, IO,It,P133) BLIPL(UnUp.) A V ( B O L I , ~ , ~ C ~ . S , WL?L4SO.tO.7I) s w . ~ . ( U n U p I Av(4Y.U.44. 45.46.47) B V W S t d l U n ~ p . ) Av190.31.31, b p s 351

(44)

Table 8. Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Glass Fibre Insulation,

(45)

Table 8. Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14,

(Cont.)

(46)

in

Full-Scale Assembly F-14, (Cont)

(47)

Table 8. Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14, (Cont.)

(48)

Table 8. Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14, (Cont.)

",..

(49)

Table 8. Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14,

(Cant)

(50)

in

Full-Scale Assembly F-14, (Cont.)

(51)

in

Full-Scale Assembly F-14, (Cont.) , .,

.

(52)

(53)

(54)

Table 9. Average Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F-14, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Glass Fibre Insulation, ~ o a d e d Assemhlv

~-en;ll EL. Base Laver. FL

-

CaVlW. Sstd.

-

Steel Shld. WSld.

-

Wood Stud. Av

-

Average. Exp. -Exposed Slde, UnExp.

-

Unexposed Slde

wa. W S I ~ . Avll~,l7,IB,10, BJCN. IEIP.) b(Zd.Y.34 I l . i o > o ) B V W S I ~ ( ~ x p . 1 ~ ~ ( 2 4 . ~ ~ 3 8 . rtm. IMnI w w u v . ( u n ~ p ) AV(IZ,U,U, T(FW) I'c) 39.40 411 a w s t i u n e r p j Av1303IZ1, M Y an,?^ 11 2n1 8 W L i M U p ) A v ( M b l BZ,e3,M,85, a.i.u.47) U ~ E X C Av(1.2.3.45, am,n7,on,mn.m.tt) n 7.s.a)

(55)

Table 9. Average Temperatures Measured in Full-Scale Assembly F14, (Cont.)

Leaend:BL

-

Base Lsvw, FL

-

Face Laver. Csv.

-

Cavity. SStd.

-

Sled Shd, WSld. -Wood Stud, Av -Averaae. Ex&

-

Ex~osed Side. UnExa.

-

Unexposed Side

TIW lmnl T(FW) I'CI B W S l d . (cap.) ~ ~ ( 1 4 . ~ ~ 1 4 6,ld.O) .* 1 rrrI I ."a" -"" "

---

* . .

."

" 11.16 20) 8vc.v. (Erp.] Av(M,37.38, 4 5 ~ ~ ) a o r a . r q ~ O L I P2.23) 3324 35) u n a p . Av(I,Z t4.5, MW. wsld. Av(I6,17,18,lR W f l , W , ~ . 7 0 3 1 ) B m v . (un~xp.) Av(42.43.44, I I W B I d . IUnExp.) Av(S0.31 31. BWL ( m u p . ) AV(BOPI,OZ,QC4 8 4

(56)

in

Full Scale Assembly F-14B, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Loaded Assembly

(57)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont.)

(58)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont.)

(59)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured

in

Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont)

..

.

(60)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont.)

(61)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont.)

(62)

Table 10. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly

F-14B,

(Cont.)

(63)

Table

LO.

Temperatures Measured in

Full

Scale Assembly

F14B,

(Cont.)

(64)

(65)

Table 11. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-14B, (Cont.)

Lmend: BL

-

Base Laver. FL -Face Layer, Cav.

-

Cavllv. SStd.

-

Sled Stud. WSId.. Wood Stud. Av

-

Average. Exp.

-

Exmsed Slde. UnExp.

-

UnOXDOSed Slde

rim. T[rlv) B L ~ S I ~ (~xp.) BUcav, ( E w ) MU. wsld. B U u v . (UnExp] B W s l d . 1unUp.1 BWL (Ult~p.) UnUp.

lmn) l:Cl AV(I~.ZS,~L AviM,SI38, Av(lAl7,I8.IO. AVI41 43.44. Avlv130,313& AviV(o#I,e1,BC4,85, A"(I.I.S4.5. 17.Y119) 3010.44) 10.11,2Z.13) 45,48,47) U S 4 S5) W,8?,W,80,70,?1) 8,?,8,OJ

(66)

Table 12. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-17, Wood Stud, 1x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Loaded Assembly

(67)

Full

Scale Assembly F-17,

(Cont.)

(68)

Table 13. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-18, Wood Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Loaded Assembly

(69)

in

Full

Scale Assembly F-18, (Cont.)

(70)

Table 13. Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-18, (Cant.)

.

...

(71)

(72)

'l'ablc 13. Tcll~peral~ues M e a u l d in Full Scale Assembly

P18,

(Cont.)

(73)

Full

(74)

Table 14. Average Temperatures Measured in Full Scale Assembly F-18, Wood Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers, Loaded Assembly

.

..

Leqend: BL

-

Base Laver. FL -Face Laver, Cav.

-

CaVlW. SStd.

-

Steel Shld. WStd.

-

Wood Stud. Av

-

Averwe. Exp. -Exposed Side. UnExo.

-

Unexposed Slde

Tlnw TlFn] BVFL(Up.) BLmad. (Eip.) BWav. WpJ MI* ~ 9 6 . BUCav. (UnErp.) BbW8ld.(JnEx~.) BVFL iUnDlp.1 UnUp.

P n I ('CI Av(48LO,Y1.51,51. Av(24,25,28, AV(38 37.Y. A!J(l8,17,18,lO, Av(42.43,U. AriYILI.S?, Av(OJ1.82 63.64, AViI,2,3A,S,

(75)

(76)

Table 15. Centre Deflections Measured in Full-scale Assembly F-08, Loaded Assembly

(77)

(78)

Table 17. Deflection Measurements in Full Scale Test F-14, Loaded Assembly

(a) Third Stud From Lefl Unexposed Face. 314 Deflection

(79)

Table 18. Deflection Measurements in Full Scale Test F-14B, Loaded Assembly

Third Stud From Lefl U

(b) Sixth Stud From Lefl Unexposed Face. 314 Deflection

(80)

(81)

Table 20. Deflection Measurements in Full Scale Test F-18, Loaded Assembly

(82)

(83)

(84)

.

. ..

/--

Fixed Flue Fixed Flue

7

(a) Section (b) Front Elevation With Test Assembly Removed

(85)

Fire Exposed Side

L A

Unexposed Side

Gloss Fibre lnsulotion

4

400.0 rnrn

L

3657.6 rnrn

d

~~

Not To Yo*

Section A-A

6

(86)

Fire Exposed Side A

E

4 0 41

A

89.0 mrn

-7-

Mineral Fibre Insulation

Unexposed Side

8 Studs @ 400.0 mrn ---I Section A-A

--I

I

-

3657.8 rnm

Draing Not To Scd.

(87)

Fire Exposed Side I A Insulation Resilient Unexposed Side Section A-A h w i r q Not To Stole

(88)

A

89.0 mrn

t

ss Fibre Insulation Unexposed Side

p-,

8 Studs @ 400.0 rnrn

t

I

L-

3657.6 mrn

I

Figure 5. Thermocouple Locations in Full-Scale Test F-14

(89)

- A Glass Fibre Insulation

Unexposed Side

p-

8 Studs @ 400.0 m m

₁

Section A-A

Dmring Not To -1.

(90)

Fire Exposed Side I--A Resilient Unexposed Side

p

-

8 Studs O 400.0 rnrn

1 --L

3657.6 rnrn

1

Figure 7. Thermocouple Locations in Full-Scale Test F-17

(91)

Fire Exposed Side Resilient Unexposed Side

p-

8 Studs 8 400.0 rnrn

I

9)

400.0 rnrn

I

a

3657.6 rnrn

4

-section A-A

(92)

2

89.0 mrn

7

Unexposed Side

Drawing Not To Scab

8 Studs 8 400.0 rnm O.C.

1

Gypsum Board Joint

.

_.

.

I I I I

I

I I I I "

I

1

I I "

1

I

I "

1

I

. .

_I

I

_..

1 1 I " 1

I

1

10 rnrn

I

E E I I k I I I E

E

"

I

1

1 I

9 "

-

Figure 9. Screw Locations For Wood Stud (400 mm

O.C.),

1x2

Gypsum

Board Layers, Full-Scale Assembly, Base Layer Gypsum Board, Fire Exposed Face

9 m

+

0 *)

I

e

I I I I I

$

"

t

1

"

t

1

"

t

wl 1 I I I

.

I

1 1

I

. .

1

I

1

I

. .

1

I

. .

I

. .

I

.

I

.

_I ₁

.

I I

.

I

I 1

I

.

1 10

.

I

-4-

1 0 0 mm + 8

(93)

Fire Exposed Side

Unexposed Side

Dmriw Not To Ssob

I-

8 Studs @ 400.0 mm O.C.

-

_Gypsum _Bood

. .

.

I I I I I

I

1

. .

1

I

1

I

. .

1

I

1

I

. .

I

+

I I I I 0

I

_{. .}

I

10

_{. .}

mm

I

_{. .}

E E 1 1 1 1 1 E Joint E 9 00 -+ 0 tr)

: Figure 10. _{Screw Locations For Wood Stud}₍₄₀₀_{mm O.C.), l a}_Gypsum

Board Layers, Full-Scale Assembly, Base Layer Gypsum Board, Unexposed Face

I

I I I I I ? 0

I

V) I I I I I -+

1

"

1 I

-

1

1 . .

I I I I I

7

1 I

1

50 mm

I

.

I I

-

.

I

_{. .}

I

1657.6 mm

1 -I

I

1

.

I

I I

I

.

1 1

.

I

I I

I

.

I 1

.

9 0 8

(94)

6

89.0 rnrn

7

Unexposed Side

i--

8 Studs O 400.0 mm O.C. _Board_Joint

. .

I I I I I I I I "

I

1

I

"

1

I

1

I

1 " I 1

I

..

I

E E I I 10 rnrn I I I I E E

_I

"

1 "

1

9 I I k I I I 0 03

I

1 10 rnrn 4- t I "

I

t 1

I

. .

1

I

1

I

,

8

I

:

I I I I I I 2 ₀

t

"

1

"

1 t

V) I I I I I

I

1 1

I

. .

1

I

1

I

.

I

1

I

i

I

I I

I

. .

I

. .

I

Dmn'ng Not To Soda

Figure 11. Screw Locations For Wood Stud (400 mm O.C.), 1x2 Gypsum

Board Layers, Full-Scale Assembly, Face Layer Gypsum Board, Unexposed Face

(95)

Fire Exposed Side

Unexposed Side

Drowing Not To Scale

r-

8 Studs @ 400.0 rnrn O.C.

. .

.

1

I I I I I I

I

I I

I

1 . .

1 I

-.

1

I I I I I

1

I

P

I

G

I I I I I 0 I 10 rnm

E

. .

I

1 0 m m E I 1 1 1

. .

E

_I

;

Figure 12. Screw Locations For Wood Stud,

2x2

Gypsum Board Layers,

Full-Scale Assembly, Base Layer Gypsum Board, Fire Exposed Face 9 I I

8

m

_*

0 m I I I I

I

1

"

I

$

I I I I I I U

L!

I

fn

_*

I I I I I I

I

-.

I

2

I I I I I

I

I 50 rnm

I

,

I

. .

.

I

I I

I

I I

I

I 0 w @

(96)

Fire Exposed Side

Unexposed Side

Joint

Drawing Not To Scale

Figure 13. Screw Locations For Wood Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers,

Full-Scale Assembly, Face Layer Gypsum Board, Fire Exposed Face

(97)

Fire Exposed Side

Unexposed Side

Drawing Not To %ole

8 Studs @ 400.0 r n r n O.C. _Gypsum_Board

. .

I I I I I I

I

1

. .

I

.

I

.

6 I

I

e

I I I 10 mrn I I 0

I

_{. .}

I

.

_.

I

_I

_{. .}

E E _I _I ₁ ₁ _I E

: Figure 14. _{Screw Locations For Wood Stud, 2x2 Gypsum Board Layers,}

Full-Scale Assembly, Base Layer Gypsum Board, Unexposed Face E 9 CO

*

0 -7 Joint

I

I I I I I

E?

0

I

v, I I I I I -4'

1

"

1 I

"

I

1 . .

I I I I I

P

I

1

50 rnrn I

.

_.

I I

-

_.

.

I

_I

I

.

1617.6 mrn

-1

I

.

I

I 1

I

.

1 f

.

I

I I

I

.

1 I

.

9

8

w 8

(98)

Fire Exposed Side

1

89.0 rnrn

P

Unexposed Side

I--

8 Studs @ 400.0 mm O.C.

--i/"psurn

Board Joint

L i i ~

mm

-1

Drawing Not To Scole

Figure 15. _{Screw Locations For Wood Stud,}

_2x2

_{Gypsum Board Layers,}

Full-Scale Assembly, Face Layer Gypsum Board, Unexposed Face

(99)

A

90.0 mrn

t

Unexposed Side

Gypsum Board Joint Stud 3 Stud 6 Stud 8

@ Attatchrnent Point For Measurement of Deflection During Test

(100)

Unexposed Side

/'-

Gypsum Board Joint

Stud 3 Stud 6 Stud 8

@ Attatchment Point For Measurement of Deflection During Test

(101)

1

90.0 rnm

Unexposed Side

Gypsum Board Joint Stud 3 Stud 6 Stud 8

@ Attatchrnent Point For Measurement of Deflection During Test

'. Figure 18. Deflection Attatchment Points For Full-Scale Tests F-12, F-13

(102)

Fire Exposed Side 'I 90.0 mrn

7

Unexposed Side Gypsum Joint

Stud 3 Stud 6 Stud 8

@ Attotchment Point For Meosurement of Deflection During Test

(103)

@ Thermocouple Under Std. ULC St01 Insulated Pad Bare Thermocouple

Figure 20. Thermocouple Locations on Unexposed Surface

Full-Scale Tests

7

E

7 j:

d

6 . .

,

.

'

$

13 15 17 1219.2 rnrn 3251.2 rnrn E E 9 03

8

n

6 .

_h

.

11 18

6

4 s

"

;z

14

. .

16 1s *El

6

(104)

1000 , " ' I . a ' $ t a ' 1 ' . l l , , , l ' , ,

Average Values

- ULC Furnace Temp.

-

- - - BvWStd. (Exp.) BUCav. (Exp.) Mid. WStd. ... . _{BUCav. (UnExp.)}

-

Std. (UnExp.) - --- BbFL (UnExp.)

-

UnEw. Failure Criterion 1

-

(Rm. Temp. + 139-C)

-

l l l , l , , . ~ , , , , , . , ~ , (I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time (min.) Failure Criterion 2 (Rm. Temp.

+

l80'C) 1 0 0 0 - a 800

-

600 3 C

s

a, 400

I-"

Time (min.) v u 1 8 n m , , , ,

,

, , ,

,

.

, ,

,

, , ,

,

, , , Unexposed Face

-

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution - Thermocouple 1 .-.-.----Thermocouple 5

-

_{- - -}_{Thermocouple 2} Thermocouple 6

-

--- Thermocouple 3 Thermocouple 7 - Thermocouple 4 -Thermocouple 8

-

-Thermocouple 9 -

-

(105)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Time (min.)

l " ' l ' ~ ' l " a ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ b ~ s ~

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution Average Values

ULC Furnace Temp.

-

x. - - - BWStd. (Exp.) BUCav. (Exp.) Mid. WStd.

-

- BUCav. (UnExp.)

.

BWStd. (UnExp.)

-

--- BVFL (UnExp.)

-

UnExp.

-

Failure Criterion 1

-

(Rm. Temp. + 139%) I I I I I I

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Time (min.)

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution

-

Thermocouple 1 Thermo~uple 5

- -

-

Thermocouple 2 Thermocouple 6 .-..- Thermocouple 3 --- Thermocouple 7

-

Thermocouple 4 -Thermocouple 8

-

-Thermocouple 9 Failure Criterion 2 (Rm. Temp. + l80'C)

(106)

1000 8 - 1 S r n , I r a ~ ~ ~ s , l , ~ , l , , , l , , , l , r , l ,

( 4 Average Face Temperature Distribution _{Average Values}

-

800

-

_{- -}

_-

ULC Furnace Temp. _{E W S t d . (Exp.)}

- -

p

-

--- sucav. (~xp.)

-

Mid. WStd. 600

-

3 BUCav. (UnExp.)

-

C

2?

BUWStd. (UnExp.)

-

a, 400

-

--- EVFL (UnExp.) -

-

UnExp.

2'

200

-

:-7 '

,.

,, :, , (Rm. Temp. + 139'C) -

-

c-f--- _C___..-. /..-:=;c::--

n

3 ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ i t t n 1 e n ~ ~ T 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ t ~ ~ n 1 ~ ~ 1 r ~ l

*

Time (min.)

Time

(min.) 400

-

! ! I

5

_al

g

200

?

Figure 23. Temperature Distributions For Full-Scale Test Assembly F-13

1 ' " 1 " ' 1 " ' 1 " ' 1 " ' 1 ' " 1 ' " I '

Unexposed Face

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution - Thermocouple 1 ..-..-.-.. Thermocouple 5

-

- - -Thermocouple 2 Thermocouple 6

-

--- Thermocouple 3

---

Thermocouple 7

-

- T h e ~ ~ ~ p l e 4 -Thermocouple 8

-

_-

_{-Thermocouple} ₉

_-

-

(Rm. Temp. + 180'C)

(107)

1000

800 ULC Furnace Temp.

p

-

600 3 BUCav. (UnExp.)

3

L BLMIStd. (UnExp.) a, 400

2

200 Failure Criterion 1 (Rm. Temp. + 139'C) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time (min.) -

g

200 Failure Criterion 2 (Rm. Temp.

+

180'C)

2

400

-

2

3

-

₉

Time (min.) I " ' I " ' I ' " I " ' I " ' I 1 1 1 , 1 Une-ed Face

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution

-

Thermocouple 1 Thermocouple 5

-

- - -Thermocouple 2 Thermocouple 6

--- Thermocouple 3 Thermocouple 7

-

Thermocouple 4 -Thermocouple 8

-

-Thermocouple 9

(108)

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time (min.)

l ' ' ' l " ' l " ' l " ' l " ' l " ~ l '

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution _{Average Values}

ULC Furnace Temp.

-

BWStd. (Exp.) --- _{BUCav. (Exp.)} - _{Mid. WStd.} .. ... . _{BUCav. (UnExp.)}

-

BWStd. (UnExp.) -

---

BUFL (UnExp.)

-

UnExp. Failure Criterion 1

-

(Rm. Temp. + l39.C)

-

1 , . , 1 , 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time (min.)

Unexpased Face @) Unexposed Temperature Distribution - Thermocouple 1 .---

- - - Thermocouple 2 Thermocouple 6 --- Thermocouple 3 Thermocouple 7 - Thermocouple 4 -Thermocouple 8

-

-Thermocouple 9 Failure Criterion 2 (Rm. Temp.

+

180'C)

(109)

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution - Mid. WStd. .--- BUCav. (UnExp.) BWStd. (UnExq.)

---

BUFL (UnExp.)

-

UnExp. Failure criterion 1 (Rm. Temp. + 139'C)

Time (min.)

Unexqosed Face

4oo

1

(b) Unexposed Temperature Cistribution - Thermocouple 1 Thermocouple 5

- - - Thermocouple 2 _Thermocouple₆

0 .---- Thermocouple 3 --- Thermocouple 7

w - Thermocouple4

-

Thermocouple 8

Time (min.)

(110)

(a) Average Face Temperature Distribution _{Average Values} ULC Furnace Temp.

BUCav. (UnExp.) --- BLMIStd. (UnExp.)

-

BUFL (UnExp.) Failure Criterion 1 (Rm. Temp. + 139'C)

.,

0 10 20 30

40

50 60 70 80 90 100110

Time (min.)

" ~ l " ' l " ' l " l l " ' l " ' , " l l " ' l " ' l ' . ' l m m a I I I Unexposed Face

(b) Unexposed Temperature Distribution - Thermocouple 1 Thermocouple 5

-

:

- - - Thermocouple 2 Thermocouple 6 : .---- _Thermocouple3 Thermocouple 7 1 - Thermocouple 4 -Thermocouple 8 1

- -

Thermocouple 9 :

-

z

-

g

200 !

_{(Rm. Temp.}

₊

_180'C)

150

100

1 Time (min.)

(111)

Time (min.)

(a) Deflection Measurements For Loaded Full-Scale Assembly F-08 5

-

0 E 2 c

.-

O -5

2 =

-10 -15 Time (min.) l " ' l " ' l " ' l " ' ~ r l l _

-

- Centre Deflection, Stud 6

-

f

-

l , . l l l l l l l l l l . ~ l l l l l

@) Deflection Measurements For Loaded Full-Scale Assembly F-17

Figure

28.

Measured Deflections For Full-Scale Assemblies F-08 and F-17

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 5

-

0 - E

e

LT

.-

O -5

2

E _m -10 -15 I " ' I " ' I " ' I " ' I " '

-

_-_{Centre Deflection. Stud 6} -

-

l , , , l . ~ . l , . . l . . . l . m .

(112)

(a) Deflection Measurements For Loaded Full-Scale Assembly F-12 5 t . ) 3 1 0 ~ ~ l , , , l , , , , , , , l , , . j L 0

-

_{- -}

-

*-<---

-

-.. E -5 :

.

:----

.-

.

---

9

.

-.

' 8 -10

k

. '

.

0

.- - 114 Stud Height, Stud 3 \ 's

-

_-15 _{Centre Deflection, Stud}₃

\ .

=

_.---_3/4_{Stud Height, Stud}₃ 1

s

-20

-

F

\

1

Time (min.)

(b) Deflection Measurements For Loaded Full-Scale Assembly F-12

5 ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ , , , r , l , r , l , , , l , , ,

-

114 Stud Height, Stud 6

Centre Deflection. Stud 6

-

3/4 Stud Height, Stud 6

_-

-25 :

-

-30 1 . , . 1 . . , 1 , , . 1 . . , 1 , , .

-0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time (min.)

Figure 29. Measured Deflections For Full-scale Assembly F-12

(c) Deflection Measurements For Loaded Full-Scale Assembly F-12 5 - 0 : E -5 2 r -10 0

.-

-

₈

_-15

=

_a, 0 -20 -25 -30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-

_{- -}

:

-

_-

: _-₁₁₄_{Stud Height, Stud}₈

-

Centre Deflection, Stud 8

-

_-

.----. _3/4_{Stud Height, Stud}₈

-

:

-

7

l , l . l . , , l , , , l . , , ~ . , ,

0 10 20 30 40 50 60