Strain Gauges for Use at High Temperature

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Technical Note (National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research), 1957-02-01

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Strain Gauges for Use at High Temperature

Hutcheon, N. B.

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DIVISION OF BUILDING RESEARCH

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

No.

220

NOTJE

'fEClHIN ][CAlL

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FOR INTERNAL USE

PREPARED BY N. Eo Hutcheon CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

SUBJECT _{Strain Gauges For Use at High Temperatures} PREPARED FOR _{The information of members of}

Chimney Conference

.QAIS February, ,1957

Interest was expressed during the Chimney Conference held in Copenhagen, September ＱＹＵＶｾ in information on strain gauges for use under high temperature conditions, which might be used in experimental studies of thermal stress in chimney flues. It was believed that some stUdies were under way at the National Bureau of ｓｴ｡ｮ､｡ｲ､ｳｾ Washington, and the writer was asked to make inqUiries and to report to the members of the Conference.

Two projects on high temperature strain gauges are currently active at the National Bureau of Standardso One of these involves the development of a satisfactory gauge of the stressed wire type. The other project involves the evaluation of stressed wire and similar gauges for use at elevated tempera-tures. There are no reports available .for general distribution on these projects at this time.

There are five manufacturers in the Uniｾ･､ States

offering high ｴ･ｭｰ･ｲ｡ｾｵｲ･ strain gauges of the stressed wire or of the etched foil type. In general, one of three alloys is used, though any one company may offer gaugef3 of more than one . material. These alloys are constantan, nichrome V, and Karma. Karma is said to be similar to nichrome but contains some alumi-num. Constantan is said to be suitable only to 600°F while the other two alloys may be used at somewhat higher temperatures. All three types of wire exhibit a marked change of electrical resistance with time at elevated temperatures. The resistance is also a complex function of previous thermal history. Aging by temperature cycling usually results in an improvement. It would seem that the difficulties of calibration increase markedly at temperatures above 600°F. Nichrome V wire may be used up to 700°F but not without some difficulty in establishing suitable calibration corrections based on both time and temperature history.

Manufacturers normally supply cements with their gauges. The cements used are said to be generally of the phosphate type. Phosphate ceramics are discussed in a series of three papers

,

2

-by Wo Do Kingery appearing in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society Vol.33,

No.8,

entitled "Fundamental Study of Phosphate Bonding in Befractories: I Literature Review, II Cold Setting Properties, III Phosphate Adsorption by Clay and Bond Migration."

The manufacturers in the United States offering strain gauges for elevated temperature use are as follows:

10 Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation, 806 Massachussetts Avenue,

Cambridge 39, ｾｭｳｳＮ

This company is the one which introduced the stressed wire strain gauge for normal temperature ｵｾ･Ｎ An etched foil gauge is offered for high temperature work but nichrome V gauges can be obtained on request.

2. Trans-Sonics Incorporated, Bedford Airport,

Bedford, Mass.

This company manufactures a stressed wire strain gauge and will provide gauges made from nichrome V wire on request. The high tempprature gauges are called Surface Transferable Resistors, Type 64.

3. Columbia Research Laboratories,

ｾｾ｣ｄ｡､･ Boulevard, Woodlyn, Pa.

This company offers a stressed wire gauge similar in design to the gauge currently under development at the National Bureau of Standards.

4. High Temperature Instruments Engineering Corporation, Washington Square Building,

700 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pas

This company makes a stressed wire gauge and will provide gauges of nichrome V _{WLre on request.}

5. Crescent Engineering and Research Company, Electronics Division,

11632 McBean Street, Elmonte, California.

This company offers an extensometer ､･ｾｩ｣･ employing a variable permeance transducer element which is said to be usuable to 1300oF.

,

3

-filicro-Test Incorporated, 657 ｎｾ Spalding Avenue,

Los Angeles

36,

This company offers a wire-type gauge which has to be spot welded in place and is presumably suitable only for appli-cations on metalo