Hydrographic assistance, training, surveying and charting in Africa at the beginning of 1993

UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Dist.:

LIMITED

E/ECA/NRD/CART/2 3 0 24 February 1993 Original: ENGLISH

Economic Commission for Africa Eighth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

22-27 February 1993

DOCUMENTS OFFICE

NOT TO BE TAKEN OUT

HYDROGRAPHIC ASSISTANCE, TRAINING, SURVEYING AND CHARTING IN AFRICA AT THE BEGINNING OF 1993

HYDROGRAPHIC ASSISTANCE, TRAINING, SURVEYING AND CHARTING IN

AFRICA AT THE BEGINNING OF 1993 (Rear Admiral G. ANGRISANO -

International Hydrographic Bureau)

PAPER SUBMITTED BY THE

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION ON THE OCCASION OF THE 8TH UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE FOR AFRICA

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22-27 Feb. 1993

PREFACE/ABSTRACT

This paper has been prepared by the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB), Monaco at the request of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The paper provides an update to a similar one presented at the 7th Conference by the IHO.

The data presented may be somewhat incomplete in places due to the difficulty of getting up-to-date information. The work of the IHO in Africa in the fields of

assistance, training and cartography is summarized.

Recommendations, in accord with Resolution 4 of the 7th Conference, conclude

the paper.

1. HYDROGRAPHIC ASSISTANCE

A. The hydrographic technical assistance provided by the International Hydrographic Organization's Member States is jointly monitored and, in certain instances, coordinated

by IHO and FIG (Federation internationale des geometres) through the Technical

Assistance Coordinating Committee (TACC), which comprises members of the IHO and members of the FIG. The TACC Secretariat is based at the International Hydrographic

Bureau (IHB) in Monaco. The present Chairman is Rear Admiral G. Angrisano (ITN ret.),

Director of the IHB and the Vice-Chairman is Mr. T.D.W. McCuIloch (Canada)

representing FIG; the Secretary is Mr. Hans-Peter Rohde of the IHB. The TACC Terms of Reference state ...."to monitor hydrographic surveying and nautical charting projects

involving cooperation with or technical assistance to developing countries " "to

review the status of hydrographic surveying and nautical charting in developing Coastal States who requested cooperation" "to provide the perception of the importance

of hydrography to all Coastal States" etc.

B. A number of countries, IHO Member States, have given significant assistance to

African countries since the 7th Conference (1989). This has been as follows:

a. Assistance and/or cooperation in formation or strengthening hydrographic

services;

b. Assistance and/or cooperation in carrying out hydrographic surveys;

c. Assistance in the form of training courses.

As far as points a. and b. are concerned, the following should be mentioned:

DJIBOUTI - surveys were carried out in 1991 by the U.S. survey vessel

CHAUVENET under an arrangement between U.S. HYCOOP and the local Government.

GHANA KENYA

MADAGASCAR

MALAWI

MOROCCO

MOZAMBIQUE

SENEGAL

was visited by an IHB official in 1991.

the formation in 1990 of a new National Hydrographic Committee is reported. In addition it is understood that the Economic Commission for Africa is seeking funds to create a base for a Regional Hydrographic Adviser on the premises of the existing Regional Centre for Services in Surveying,

Mapping and Remote Sensing (RCSSMRS) in Nairobi. The

IHB sent to the Centre, in June 1992, a detailed cost estimate for the equipment ashore and for a 10 m. equipped

survey launch. It is reported that France has also offered

assistance for the development of hydrography in Kenya.

hydrographic surveys were conducted by France in the vicinity of the port of Antananarivo in 1991. In addition the creation of a national hydrographic service is envisaged with the possible support of UNDP.

Considerable assistance was provided by France in 1990 for surveys of Lake Malawi.

the cooperation between the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) and Morocco in terms of surveying and nautical charting along the Atlantic coast of Morocco in 1992.

the cooperation given jointly by Norway, Denmark and Sweden to Mozambique since 1986. In that country in 1983 a new organization called Institut Nacional de Hidrografia

e Navegacao (INAHIN) was created (see International Hydrographic Review, July 1991, pp. 25-32) with good

progress. IHB has recently provided them information on the availability of hydrographic training courses.

Port surveys in Dakar were carried out by France in 1991.

SEYCHELLES

TANZANIA

TUNISIA

2.

was visited by an IHB official in 1990. It is understood that a National Hydrographic Service and National Hydrographic Committee have been formed. France, through the

secondment of an hydrographer (senior petty officer) since

1982, has given substantial assistance in carrying out surveys and charting of port areas. In addition the access to Port Victoria Harbour was surveyed in 1991.

the formation in 1990 of a new National Hydrographic Committee is reported. Reportedly a hydrographic project has been included in the next UNDP assistance programme.

assistance and cooperation have been provided by France and USA. The Tunisian Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHO) was created in 1984 with the support of France. Two hydrographers (1 officer, 1 senior petty officer) have been seconded from France since 1991 and a survey launch was donated in 1992 by the French Government. The USA also provided some equipment on loan through the HYCOOP programme. It is reported that a survey vessel is going to be given to Tunisia by the U.S.

Government.

TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN HYDROGRAPHY FOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES The IHO produces a publication - Special Publication No. 47 - "Training Courses in Hydrography and Nautical Charting" which gives information about courses throughout the world. Many of these courses are run by national hydrographic services in the developed countries and the IHB records show that many hydrographers from Africa are being trained under bilateral agreements between the nations concerned. For example, France, Italy, Portugal, UK and USA have trained and continue to train Hydrographers from Algeria, Tunisia, Somalia, Ghana, Madagascar, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal etc.

In particular, in 1991 Tunisia created its own hydrographic school with the assistance of France.

In addition to this type of course which involves payment or a bilateral agreement for assistance between governments, there is also the IMO/IHO Model Course in Hydrography held in Trieste, Italy at the expense of the Italian Government. The course started in 1991 and was continued in 1992 and was exclusively open to developing countries. In particular there were students from the following African countries - Sudan, Ghana (2), Madagascar, Morocco (2), Mozambique (2), Nigeria - trained in 1991 and 1992. The course is up for certification by FIG/IHO Advisory Board in March this

year.

See Annex 1 which lists courses available to African countries (extracted from SP47 published by the International Hydrographic Bureau).

Within the framework of the GLOSS Programme (Global Ocean Surveying System),

the French Hydrographic Service (SHOM) organized in 1990 a tide observation course for

9 students from Guinea, Mauritania, Cote d'lvoire, Madagascar, Tunisia, Togo, Senegal,

Algeria and Congo.

Additionally, Belgium also may decide to conduct a hydrographic training course which has similar government support to that of the course in Trieste, Italy. The

conduct of this course is contingent upon obtaining sufficient applicants (about 10).

Lastly, it should be pointed out that The Hydrographic Society has an Education Fund which supports individuals and organizations in need of hydrographic training.

3. STATUS OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS IN AFRICA

The following table n° 1 is extracted from Special Publication n° 55 published by the International Hydrographic Bureau at the beginning of 1991.

The International Hydrographic Bureau is not aware of any significant changes in this situation apart from what is reported in paragraph 1 - which does not represent a significant change to the overall situation of hydrography on the African Continent.

As one can see, the lack of recent surveys is acute all along the African coasts with certain exceptions. This is due to the fact that a considerable number of African countries have very little or no hydrographic activities and the updating of charts in this region is not at all adequate for modern navigation. There is need for Hydrographic Offices to be formed in the coastal countries of Africa in support of hydrographic services.

The IHB has kept in touch and continues to keep in touch with almost all the

coastal countries in order to ascertain their needs in the field of surveying, charting and training. In some cases the States have responded and in others it was difficult to

ascertain which authority was responsible for hydrography.

4. STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NAUTICAL CHARTING OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

As it is known the International Hydrographic Organization is developing a worldwide chart series (INT charts) produced to a single set of agreed specifications, wherein one nation produces a chart and other nations, wishing to cover the same area, print their charts from reproducibles furnished by the producer nation.

There are two basic series of charts:

small scale (<1:2 250 000), which is now completed;

medium and large scale (>1:2 250 000).

For this second series, the INT charting programme is established by IHO regional hydrographic commissions (where they exist) while within each region an individual country coordinates the charting activity.

Fig. 1 illustrates the subdivision of the coordinating responsibilities for medium

and large scale charting worldwide.

As one can see, the African coasts consist of four zones:

F Mediterranean coasts coordinated by the French Hydrographic Service as agreed by the Mediterranean and Black Sea Hydrographic Commission (next meeting in Cyprus 10-14 May 1993).

G Eastern Atlantic coasts coordinated by the French Hydrographic Service as agreed by the Eastern Atlantic Hydrographic Commission (last meeting in Nigeria in March 1991).

H Southern coasts of Africa coordinated by the UK Hydrographic Office.

J North Eastern African coasts coordinated by India.

For the zones F, G, H a cartographic plan, approved by all the parties concerned (producers nations and/or coastal States), already exists. In particular in zones F and G a number of charts have already been published. For the zone J, a draft of the cartographic plan has already been published by India and must be approved by the nations concerned. The International Hydrographic Bureau in Monaco will publish by the end of 1993 a Catalogue (MP-011) of all the international chart schemes planned and

produced.

In addition a number of charts of the African coasts are being maintained by non- African countries which have been traditionally responsible for charting in this area,

such as the UK and France.

The charting capability in African appears to be limited with the exception of the Republic of South Africa which produces and maintains up-to-date a comprehensive series of nautical charts covering its coasts. Additionally, some chart production has been reported in Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia (where the first chart is expected in 1993).

5. INTERNATIONAL BATHYMETRIC CHARTS

The International Bathymetric Charts plan is a scientific project of bathymetric cartography at the scale of 1:1 Million within the activities of the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and includes joint participation with the IHO. In particular, the IHO contributes to this scientific project through the IHO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry in Boulder, Colorado, USA - which contributes also to the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) at the scale of 1:10 Million already

completed (5th Edition) under the aegis of IOC-IHO.

In particular, for African waters there are three large areas of sea in which the International Bathymetric Charts project are active, namely:

a.

International Bathymetric Chart of the Mediterranean which is in its second

edition (first edition published in 1981) under the chairmanship of Prof. C.

6

MORELLI, Italy. Additional series of this chart also comprise information on

seismicity, gravity, sedimentology (see figure 2).

b. International Bathymetric Chart of Eastern Atlantic under the chairmanship of Ing. Gen. A. ROUBERTOU, France. The coverage of this chart is in figure 3.

Sheets 1, 8 and 9 are in preparation.

c. International Bathymetric Chart of the Western Indian Ocean under the chairmanship of Prof. W. BETTAC (Germany). Coverage in Figure 4 - Collection of material is in progress.

6. CONCLUSIONS

A. The survey activity along the African coasts and in the major lakes is progressing very slowly with few exceptions. It is the opinion of the IHB that the importance of hydrography for the economy of a country is frequently underestimated.

The availability of nautical charts can give, at a first glance, the false impression that those charts are good and sufficient. But looking at the compilation source data diagram of the majority of them provides a realistic idea on how old and sparse are the data used to make those charts. Although serious accidents through groundings on uncharted obstacles are rare, the fact that the charts are poor inhibits the movement of shipping, particularly those with deep draft, consequently setting back economic development.

In addition the bathymetric survey data is useful not only for the nautical cartography but is an essential piece of information for coastal and offshore economic zone management.

B. There are very few countries in Africa which actively take part of the international hydrographic community and this makes communications with those nations in need of help more difficult.

The situation seems better along the African coast of the Mediterranean where the Mediterranean and Black Sea Hydrographic Commission is very active. All coastal

states are invited to attend the MBSHC meetings. Moreover, Egypt is a member of the

IHO and Algeria and Morocco have recently applied for membership of the IHO, and thus will become full participants.

C. The situation of training is also scarce but the IMO-IHO courses in Trieste and

the possibility of the Belgian Course offer good opportunities to train hydrographers at zero expense for the countries in need of help.

D. The nautical charting situation is also improving because of the very effective action of the three Hydrographic Services which act as INT Chart coordinators.

However, it should be made very clear that a good chart must be based on reliable

surveys (see point 6A. above), and such surveys must be initiated and ideally carried out

by the countries themselves.

7. RECOMMENDATIONS

A. To resubmit and maintain, as still valid, Resolution n° 4 of the 7th UN Regional Cartographic Conference for Africa the text of which is herewith attached as

Annex 2.

B. Submit a new Resolution "HYDROGRAPHIC COOPERATION" as provided in

Annex 3.

C. Forward any request of hydrographic cooperation/technical assistance to the Directing Committee of the International Hydrographic Bureau, 7 avenue President J.F. Kennedy, B.P. 445, MC 98011 MONACO Cedex, Telefax: +33

93.25.20.03.

List of Tables. Figures. Annexes.

Table 1 Africa: Hydrographic Surveying and Charting Assessment {extract from IHB Publication SP55 updated at 1 January 1991).

Fig. 1 INT Chart Schemes at medium and large scales. (Regional distribution and coordinating countries). (Slide)

Fig. 2 International Bathymetric Chart of the Mediterranean Scheme. (Slide)

Fig. 3 International Bathymetric Chart of the Central Eastern Atlantic. (Slide) Fig. 4 International Bathymetric Chart of the Western Indian Ocean. (Slide)

Annex 1 Training Courses in Hydrography open to African countries.

Annex 2 Resolution n° 4 of the 7th UN Regional Conference for Africa. (Slide)

Annex 3 New Resolution - Hydrographic Cooperation

Table 1

AFRICA : HYDROGRAPHIC, SURVEYING AND CHARTING ASSESSMENT

(extract from IHB publication SP-55)

updated at 1 January 1991

Legend

World maritime areas: 225

-EEZ- Exclusive economic (or maritime) zone depicted in square

KMSX1000 kilometres, times 1,000 for those areas where data is available.

Graphically calculated and estimated to the nearest 1,000 square

kilometres.

** Excluding inland maritime area.

%SURV Percentage of area within which surveys are "adequate" (see

ADEQT chapter II, {section A.2).

(For the purposes of this assessment, surveys are "adequate" if they provide sufficient data to permit the safe marine navigation

of vessels routinely operating in any one world maritime area,

and if they have been conducted within IHO standards.)

Percentage of area requiring resurvey owing to the date and/or

other limitations of existing surveys.

Percentage of area not surveyed.

Charting assessment ratings.

AQ - Adequate:

- Charts permit safe marine navigation of vessels routinely operating in any one world maritime area.

- Charts meet IHO standards.

IR - Improvement required:

- Charts exist that require data update to meet adequate standards.

- Charts to be used with caution.

IA - Inadequate:

- No charts exist.

- Charts exist that do not meet minimum standards.

- Charts are unacceptable for safe navigation.

CHART The maritime nation that serves or has served as the "charting AUTHY authority" for a specific world maritime area.

Data not as yet available.

S Charting authority is the same as the world maritime area (nation).

%RESV RQD

%NOT SRVD CHART ASRTG

APRICA

Country -EEZ-

kmsxlOOO

%Surv %Resv adeqt rqd

%Not srvd

Chart AsRtg

Chart authy ALGERIA

ANGOLA

ASCENSION ISLAND * BENIN

BURUNDI (Lake Tanganyika) CAMEROON "

CANARY ISLAND CAPE VERDE CHAD (Lake Chad) COMOROS

CONGO COTE D'lVOIRE DJIBOUTI EGYPT

EQUATORIAL GUINEA ETHIOPIA

GABON GAMBIA GHANA GUINEA

GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA"*

LIBERIA

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA MADAGASCAR

MADEIRA*

MALAWI (Lake Nyasa) MAURITANIA

MAURITIUS

MAYOTTE, French Territorial Community MOROCCO

MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA' NIGER (Lake Chad) NIGERIA "

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND *

REUNION, French Overseas Department SAINT HELENA *

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SENEGAL

SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SOCOTRA ISLAND SOMALIA

SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN

TOGO

TRISTAN DA CUNHA (10) * TUNISIA

UGANDA (Lake Victoria)

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA "

WALVIS BAY WESTERN SAHARA ZAIRE

ZAMBIA

137.2 605.7 448.0 27.1

—

15.4

—

789.6

—

249.0 24.7 104.6 6.2 173.6 283.3 75.8 213.7 19.6 218.1 71.0 150.6 118.3 229.8 338.2 1292.4 516.0

-

154.4 1181.6 50 278.2 562.2 463.0

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AQ-IA AQ-IA IR AQ-IA

IA AQ-IA

IR AQ-IA

IA IR-IA AQ-IA AQ-IA AQ-IA AQ-IA IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IA

IR-IA IR-IA IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IR

IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IA

IR IA AQ-IA

IR-IA IR AQ-IA AQ-IA IR-IA IR-IAIA AQ-IR

IR IR IR-IA AQ-IA AQ-IA IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IA AQ-IR IA IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IA

IR IR-IA AQ-IR

IA IR-IA

IA

S PG/S UK FR/S S FR/S SP PG/S S FR/S FR/S FR/S FR/S S SP/S s FR/S UK/S UK/S FR/S PG/SUK/S UK/S UK/S FR/S PG/S S FR/S UK/S FR S/FR PG/S UK/S S S/UK SF FR UK PG/S FR/S UK/S S/UK UK/DY UK/S S UK/S FR/S UK S/FR UK/S UK/S SF S S/BG S/UK

Country -EEZ- %Surv %Resv kmsxlOOO adeqt rqd

%Not srvd

10

—

_

—

0

Chart AsRtg

IR AQ-IA

IR-IA IR-IA IR-IA IR-IA AQ-IR

Chart authy

IN UK/S UK/S UK UK/S S/UK S Asia (AS/41)

ANDAMAN ISLANDS BAHRAIN

BANGLADESH

BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY BRUNH DARUSSALAM

BURMA

CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF)

S.I 76.8 No claimed EEZ 24.4 . 5097 1354.8

50

25 40

75

Africa Inland Maritime Areas LAKE CHAD

LAKE NYASA LAKE TANGANYIKA LAKE VICTORIA

28.5 33.0 69.0

0 0 0

0 0 0

100 100 100

1A 1A 1A

NO NO NO

INTCHARTSCHEMES MEDIUMANDLARGESCALES{^1:2,250,000) RegionalDistributionandCoordinatingCountries.

FIG.1 D NETHERLANDS CN.S.H.C., &N.H.GJ £6* SomtB*/ Konya■»> Ironilar\_/-\ •30" ■BO*

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FIG.2

INTERNATIONALBATHYMETRICCHARTOFTHEMEDITERRANEAN{IBCM)

■Indexofbathymetricplottingsheetsalscale1:250000

LimitsofIBCMsheets(scale1:1M—1:2MforBlacksea—atlat.38°).Limitsofareasallocated.ChairmanoftheEditorialBoard. 4510

ProfC.Morelli(Italy) CARTEBATHYMETRIQUEINTERNATIONALEDELAMEDITERRANEE(CBIM)

Indexdesminutesderedactionbathymetriquesai'echellede1:250000LimitesdesfeuillesdelaCBIM(echelle1:1M—1:2MpourlamerNoire—alatat.38°).

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Mii■HIU'I''■IM■I■I'i'I'in■i

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INTERNATIONAL BATHYMETR1C CHART OF THE CENTRAL EASTERN ATLANTIC (IBCEA)

Index of bathymelric plotting sheets at scale 1:250 000 Limits ot IBCEA sheels (scale 1:1M at lat. 20°)

Chairman of the Editorial Board, j Ing.

Note: Areas of responsibility not yet established.

Any request (or plotting sheets should be addres sed to Ing. Gen. A. Roubertou (See 8. France)

FIG. 3

CARTE BATHYMETRIQUE INTERNATIONALE DE L'ATLANTIQUE DU CENTRE-EST (IBCEA) Index des minutes de redaction bafhymetriques a t'echefle de

1:250 000 ■

Limiles des feuilles de I'lBCEA (echelle 1:1 M a la laL 20°) Gen. A. Roubertou) Presidentdu Comrte d'edition.

(France) )

Nota : Zones de responsabilile non encore defi- nies. Toule demande de minutes de redaction est a adresser a ling. Gen. A. Roubertou (voir B. France)

-1-01

1-08 S In preparation

1-09'

.FIG. 4

JNTERNATIONAL BATHYMETRIC CHART OF THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN (1BCW10)

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18901

Prof. W. Settac (Germany)

CARTE BATHYMETRIQUE INTERNATIONALE DE • L'OCEAN 1NDIEN OCCIDENTAL (IBCWtO)

Index des minutes de redaction balhymetriques a I'echelle de 1:250 000

Limites des leuilles de I'lBCWIO [echelle 1:1 M a la lat 0°) President du Comhe d'edilion.

Nota : Zones de responsabilite non encore defi- nies. Toule demande de minutes de redaction est a adresser au Prof. W. Settac (voir B. Allemagne)

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TRAININGCOURSESINHYDROGRAPHYOPENTOAFRICANCOUNTRIESANNEX1 ontry jentina jentina stralia ^il lada jice rmany lia y nistryofForeignaffairs nistryofDefence(H.O.) >an therlands uthAfrica K. A

Course 2coursesforNavalOfficersandPettyOfficersattheHydrographicService Variouscoursesofciviliancharacterrunatdifferentuniversitiesinthe country 2coursesattheuniversityofTasmania.ProficiencyinEnglishrequired 3coursesattheHydrographicService.OnlyforNavalstaff Severalcoursesatvariouslevelsindifferentuniversities UniversityofBordeaux.CourseinPortHydrography HamburgPolytechnics/Institute SeveralcoursesatdifferentlevelsattheHydrographicService. Triestecourse CourseforNavalofficers 2coursesattheMaritimeSafetyAgencyspecificallydesignedforforeign studentsfromdevelopingcountrieswhoareemployedbytheirnational hydrographicofficesorrelatedorganizations HogereZeevaartschool,Amsterdam VariouscoursesattheUniversityofCapeTownandothers Variouscoursesatdifferentlevelsfromuniversitiesandpolytechnics. Possiblythecountryofferingthewiderchoiceofcoursesforindividuals. NAVOCEANO

Language Spanish Spanish English Portuguese English French German/English English English Italian Englishor interpretationfrom Japaneseinto English Dutch English English English

Fees None.ByagreementbetweenGovernments From50to200$permonth.(1991) 10,000$Apercourse(1991) None.SubjecttoapplicationtoBrazilianGovernment Nolessthan2,000$Cdnforacourseoftwoyears 60,000FF(1991) OnlythroughCooperationProgrammesand scholarshipsofgermangovernment FromRS3,000toRS12,000. Applicationsthroughdiplomaticchannels None.ThroughselectionafterapplicationtoItalian Government Applicationsthroughdiplomaticchannels None,systemofscholarships Approx.DFL7,000/yearforboarders Approx.fromR4,000to6,000/year From2,500to5,000£ From8,000to11,000US$ ralia,Chile,France,Greece,Indonesia,Italy,NewZealand,Pakistan,Peru,Portugal,Spain,Turkey,U.K.,runcoursesforNavalOfficersatH.Oswhicharesubjecttoagreementsbetween mmentsandareusuallyopenedtoforeignNavalofficersorGovernmentsponsoredcivilians.

ANNEX 2 (English) Resolution Ho.4

of the 7th U.N. Regional Cartographic Conference for Africa

^hi surveying and nautical charting services

The Conference

Recognizing that large areas of continental shelves, exclusive economic zones"and inland maritime areas remain inadequately, or are not at all, surveyed and that many nautical charts are based on obsolete and inadequate

data,

Also recognizing that the lack of adequate surveys and nautical charts

<,prioSiv7Tita>di~the economic development of a maritime country not only in respect of the safety of shipping but also in the protection of the marine Environment and coastal ecology, the improvement of port facilities the d element of fishery industries and the exploitation or ofishore

hvdrocarbons and other non-renewable marine resources, the growth of tourism and recreaUonal maritime activities and the delimitation of offshore maritime

boundaries,

Noting that there is a lack of data on the available hydrographic resources in the African region,

Aware that the International Hydrographic Organization is willing to nrovide~eWt advice on the development of national and regional hydrographic servces upon request by developing countries, and taking into account the requirements and the inadequacy of existing resources in each developing

country or region,

1 Recommends that maritime countries in the African region which have not alreld7~do^e~~so should request expert advice from the International Hydrographic Organization and should also take steps to form as soon as possible a National Hydrographic Committee;

2 PnrthPr recommends that the Economic Commission for Africa, in coniuncticTrwTtrTthe African Organization for Cartography and Remote Sensing and the International Hydrographic Organization should develop a project to appoint regional hydrographic advisers and to develop existing regional centres for the maintenance of hydrographic equipment and for the training of

nautical cartography.

ANNEX-2 (French)

Resolution n"4

de la 7eme Conference cartographique regionale des N.U. pour I'-Afrique

Services d'hvdroqraphie et de-cartographie marine

La Conference

Reconnaissant que de vastes parties des plateaux continentaux, des zones economises exclusives et des zones maritimes interieures demeurent insuffisamment cartographies ou ne le sont pas du tout, et que de nombreuses cartes nautiques reposent sur des donnees perimees et insuffisantes,

Reconnaissant en outre que Vabsence de leves et de cartes nautiques adaptees retarde serieusement le developpement economique d'un pays maritime pour ce qui est non seulement de la securite de la navigation maritime mais egalement de la protection de Venvironnement marin et de Vecologie du littoral de V amelioration des installations portuaires, du developpement de la peche' et de Vexploitation d'hydrocarbures en mer et d'autres ressources marines non renouvelables, de la croissance du tourisme et des activites

maritimes recreatives ainsi que de la delimitation des frontieres marines,

Notant une absence de donnees sur les ressources hydrographiques dont

dispose VAfrique,

Consciente que VOrganisation hydrographique internationale est disposee a fournir des conseils d'expert sur le developpment de services hydrographiques nationaux et regionaux, a la demande des pays en developpement et en tenant compte des besoins et de V insuff isance des ressources de chaque

pays ou region,

1 Recommande que les pays maritimes qui ne Vont pas encore fa presentent a VOrganisation hydrographique internationale une requete services consultatifs et prennent des mesures pour constituer dans 1 meilleurs delais un Comite hydrographique national;

2 Recommande en outre que la 'Commission economique pour VAfrique, en

collaboration avec VOrganisation africaine de cartographie et de

teledetection et VOrganisation hydrographique internationale, mette au point

un projet visant a nommer des conseillers regionaux en hydrographie et a

developper les centres regionaux pour Ventretien du materiel hydrographique

et pour la formation en cartographie marine.

ANNEX 3 Resolution

HYDROGRAPHIC COOPERATION

The Conference,

Recognizing that economic resources are often severely limited,

Also recognizing the need to progressively build the capability for African nations to support proper hydrographic services,

1. Recommends that national capability for the establishment of Hydrographic Offices be built by setting up a small survey department active in the principal ports and harbours using very basic, low cost equipment.

2. Recommends that cooperative projects with developed countries and projects funded through assistance funding be focused on very precisely defined surveying and charting projects of immediate use and in such a way that essential know-how stays within the assisted country.