SCHEDULE II / ITEM 2 October 2006 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND OCEANOGRAPHY

a) In the course of researching an old hydrographic survey you locate a bathymetric plan/field sheet, original field notes and a field report. b) What is an echo sounder? List

2 Describe in detail the effect of water temperature, salinity, and pressure changes on the speed of an underwater acoustic wave.. 10 3 Sketch and describe the operation of

b) Bathymetric sounding surveys utilizing a single beam echo sounder are normally conducted by running a pattern of parallel straight lines. What factors may determine the

Notes : This examination consists of 8 questions on a total of 5 pages. Although programmable calculators may be used, candidates must show all formulae used, the substitution

a) Tidal data analysis involves both harmonic and non-harmonic constituents. d) Use a sounding pole rather than either a lead line or echo sounder to perform sounding operations.

1/2 10". The angles are to be measured in 3 sets with the averages then used in the traversing. a) By the propagation of variance, develop an expression

Although programmable calculators may be used, candidates must show all formulae used, the substitution of values into them, and any intermediate values to 2 more significant

applied to a sounding) at any point within the area covered by the co-tidal chart. b) Using diagrams and description, explain neap and spring tides. c) Explain two methods