HAL Id: hal-01198080
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198080
Submitted on 4 Jun 2020
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
oilseed rape in limiting unwated gene flow
Jacqueline Pierre, Agnès Lelièvre, Hervé Picault, Xavier Pinochet, Michel Renard
To cite this version:
Jacqueline Pierre, Agnès Lelièvre, Hervé Picault, Xavier Pinochet, Michel Renard. Methods to study
the advantagesof cleistogamy in oilseed rape in limiting unwated gene flow. 12. International Rapeseed
Congress, Groupe Consultatif international de recherche sur le Colza (GCIRC). Paris, FRA., Mar 2007,
Wuhan, China. 472 p. �hal-01198080�
PROCEEDINGS
THE 12 th INTERNATIONAL RAPESEED CONGRESS
I
Sustainable Development
in Cruciferous Oilseed Crops Production
Wuhan, China
March 26-30, 2007
S Science Press USA Inc.
Proceedings of the 12th International Rapeseed Congress Volume I
Copyright © 2007 by Science Press USA Inc.
Published by Science Press USA Inc.
2031 US Hwy 130, Suite F Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 USA
Printed in Beijing
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
ISBN 1−933100−20−6
GENETICS AND BREEDING
Volume I of V Genetics and Breeding
Edited by: FU Tingdong GUAN Chunyun
Editorial members: ZHOU Yongming WANG Hanzhong LI Dianrong Editors of Volume I: LI Yunchang LI Jiana LI Zaiyun LIU Zhongsong
Acknowledgment
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Dr. Gerhard RAKOW, Dr. Roger RIMMER, Dr. Nishio
TAKESHI, Dr. Phillip THOMAS, Dr. Hilmer SØRENSEN, Dr. Martin FRAUREN, Dr. Iwona
BARTKOWIAK-BRODA, and Dr. Michel RENARD for their helpful suggestions and comments in the
compiling of the book.
GCIRC and GCIRC Congress
The Groupe Consultatif International de Recherche sur le Colza (GCIRC), with its office at 12, avenue George V, 75008 Paris, France, was established to encourage scientific and technical research concerning the improvement of rapeseed and its processed products from the agronomic, technological and foods perspectives, and to encourage collaboration among researchers. The organization has no political activity.
The GCIRC is managed by the Board of Directors elected by 70 subscribing members from more than twenty countries.
The secretary of the GCIRC is Mr. André Pouzet, CETIOM, with office support of Mrs. Laurencine Lot. Professor Fu Tingdong, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China is the current GCIRC President.
The GCIRC International Rapeseed Congress is held every four years with GCIRC Technical Meetings between two major events. Staring from 1987, GCIRC issues an award on its every congress to honor scientists who have made significant contributions to one of the areas in rapeseed research. So far there are six scientists having received the honor: Dr. Baldur R.
Stefansson (Canada, 1987), Prof. FU Tingdong (China, 1991), Dr. R. Keith DOWNEY (Canada, 1995), Dr. Jacques MORICE (France, 1995), Dr. Gerhard RÖBBELEN (Germany, 1999), Dr. Jan KRZYMANSKI(Poland, 2003).
The 12th International Rapeseed Congress, with the theme of “Sustainable Development in Cruciferous Oilseed Crops Production” is held in Wuhan, China, March 26-30, 2007. The congress consists of a program with the following seven sections: Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology, Agronomy, Plant Protection, Quality, Nutrition and Processing, Feed and Industrial Raw Materials, and Trading and Policies. Each of these sections is divided into oral and poster presentations. In addition, the congress also hosts 8 workshops covering a range of topics.
The contributions from oral presentations and posters are included in books of Abstracts and Proceedings with the full papers, and an electronic disc.
On the occasion of the 20 anniversary of the founding and awarding of the Eminent Scientist Award by GCIRC, Ministry
of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China will grant an honored certificate to all the awardees ever on this congress.
The 12 th International Rapeseed Congress
ORGANIZERS:
Huazhong Agricultural University
Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hunan Agricultural University
Department of Agriculture of Hubei Province
National Service Center for Popularization of Agro-Technology Anhui Agricultural Academy
Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed of Shaanxi Province National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering & Technology China Seed Group
Wuhan Agricultural Hi-Tech Ltd.
SUPPORTERS:
Ministry of Agriculture of People’s Republic of China Chinese Academy of Engineering
Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China People’s Government of Hubei Province
People’s Government of Wuhan City
State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, PRC
China Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Hubei Provincial Foreign Expert Bureau
National Natural Science Foundation of China The Crop Science Society of China
ORGANIZATION
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
President of Advisory Committee: LIU Youfan, FAN Xiaojian
Congress president: FU Tingdong Vice president: HU Baocheng
Congress secretary-general: ZHOU Yongming
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Honorary Chairman: ZHANG Xuemang
Chairman: WANG Hanzhong Vice Chairman: XIE Conghua
SCIENCE COMMITTEE
Chairman: GUAN Chunyun Vice Chairman: LI Dianrong
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE COMMITTEE
Chairman: Gerhard Rakow (Canada) Vice Chairman: YANG Guangsheng (China)
Members: Bart Lambert (Belgium) Bodil Jonsson (Sweden) Bruce Fitt (UK)
Martin Frauen (Germany) Gisbert Kley (Germany) Gregory Buzza (Canada Heiko Becker (Germany) Hilmer Sφrensen (Denmark)
Iwona Maria Bartkowiak-Broda (Poland)
John B. Ohlrogge (USA)
Melvyn Askew (UK)
Michel Renard (France)
Nishio Takeshi (Japan)
Phillip Salisbury (Australia)
Rachael Scarth (Canada)
Roger Rimmer (Canada)
Shyam Prakash (India)
SPONSORS:
Svalöf Weibull AB
Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG, Germany Tianmen Huacheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hubei, China Bayer CropScience
Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
Nantong BIOLUX Bioenergy Protein Feed Co., Ltd.
Dow AgroSciences
Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering & Technology Research Center, Southwest University Wuhan China oil Earth-Hope Seeds, Hubei, China
Gansu Sanfeng Seeds Co., Ltd. Gansu, China
Welcome Address by the President at the Opening Ceremony of the 12 th International Rapeseed Congress
Good morning ladies and gentlemen,
On behalf of GCIRC, the Advisory Committee, the Organizing Committee, the Scientific Committee, the International Scientific Committee of the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress and all the staff members of the Congress, it is a great honor for me at this significant moment to extend our warmest welcome to the friends and participants from all over the world. I would like to take the opportunity to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Hubei Provincial Government, Wuhan Municipal Government, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and all the other supporters. My gratitude also goes to the enterprises that have sponsored the Congress.
2007 is the year of the 20
thanniversary of the GCIRC Eminent Scientist Award, which is a particular honor for the distinguished scientists in rapeseed research field. Six scientists so far have won the prize. Today, in addition to myself, we are privileged to have Dr. K. Downey, Dr. G. Röbbelen, Dr. J. Krzymanski presented on the Congress. I would like to express our warmest welcome to them.
As you all know, China is the country with the largest rapeseed planting area, which is about 7 million hectares, with 11 million tons of production annually, of which 85% are produced in Yangtze River Basin. Rapeseed yield in China accounts for 30% of the world’s total production. Hubei, located in the middle of the Yangtze River Basin, is the largest rapeseed production province. Two major rapeseed research institutes in China, Huazhong Agricultural University and the Oil Crop Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering Technology, jointly-run by the two institutes, are located in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province. I believe that the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress will have a great impact on both rapeseed production and the research in China, particularly in Hubei Province. It is hopeful that the Congress will be a very good occasion for all our participants to discuss, communicate and learn from each other in the field of rapeseed research and production.
In retrospect, the history of rapeseed development has witnessed significant achievements of rapeseed research in the past 30 years. Scientists all over the world have contributed jointly to the development in quality improvement, hybrid vigor, resistance breeding, biotechnology, cultivation physiology etc. Rapeseed is not only an edible oil crop, a fertilizing crop, or a honey crop, but also a major promising biodiesel crop, which brings about new opportunities for rapeseed production and research. The GCIRC has been the active force in promoting the exchange, the dissemination and the utilization of the achievements.
The theme of this Congress is “The Sustainable Development in Cruciferous Oilseed Crops Production”. Seven Hundred abstracts related to the theme have been submitted and more than 700 scholars are attending the Congress, which demonstrates your solicitude, support and wish for the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress held in Asia for the first time. I am convinced that the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress will be worth your trust.
To end my speech, I wish every participant a pleasant stay in Wuhan, and the Congress a brilliant success. Thank you.
GCIRC President
President of the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress
Professor of Huazhong Agricultural University
Contents
Welcome Address by the President at the Opening Ceremony of the 12
thInternational Rapeseed Congress GENETICS AND BREEDING
Heterosis Utilization
Brassica seed quality breeding at the University of Manitoba • P. B. E. McVetty, R. Scarth, W. G. D. Fernando, G. LI, Z. SUN, D. Taylor, J. TU, C. D. Zelmer 2
Evaluation for stigma receptivity in cytoplasmic male sterile lines of Brassica juncea L.Czern & Coss • S. K. Chakarbarty, Shiv K. Yadav, J. B. Yadav 5
Germplasm diversity and heterosis in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) • Shashi Banga, Gurpreet Kaur, G. Khosla Phil Salisbury, Neil Wratten, Wayne Burton, Dheeraj Singh, Wallace Cowling 8
A strategy for breeding of the yellow-seeded hybrid in Brassica napus L. • LI Jiana, CHEN Li, WANG Rui, DUAN Youde 11 Genetic analysis of heterosis in rapeseed (B. napus L.) • Mladen Radoev, Heiko C. Becker, Wolfgang Ecke 14
Genetic classification of a newly identified cytoplasmic male sterility hau CMS system in Brassica napus L. • WAN Zhengjie, FU Tingdong, TU Jingxin, MA Chaozhi, SHEN Jingxiong, YI Bin 18
Standardization of planting ratio for hybrid seed production in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] • Shiv K. Yadav, S. K. Chakrabarty 25
Development of three-line system with a novel alloplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus L. • HU Qiong, LI Yunchang, MEI Desheng, LI Yinde, XU Yusong 30
Effects of temperature, and age of siliques, on hybrid embryo yield from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. oleracea var. alboglabra • R. Bennett, M. R. Thiagarajah, J. R. King, M. H. Rahman 33
Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using exotic germplasm • Wei QIAN, Olaf Sass, Jürgen Noack, Lunlin CHEN, M. LI, Jinling MENG, Christian Jung, Martin Frauen 36
Ten years experience of development and cultivation of winter oilseed rape hybrids in Europe based on the MSL system • M. Frauen, J. Noack, A. Girke, W. Paulmann 39
Breeding of a homozygous two-type line with orange flower of dominant genic male sterility in Brassica napus L. • ZHOU Xirong, ZHUANG Jing, SUN Chaocai, WANG Weirong, LI Yanli, GU Longdi, QIAN Xiaofang 42
Combining ability in Brassica oilseed crops • K. Alizadeh 45
Production of improved self-incompatible lines of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with convenient seed quality for hybrid breeding using of microspore culture technique • Radoslav Koprna, Miroslav Klíma 48
Heterosis for seed yield and yield contributing traits in mustard (B. juncea L. Czern & Coss) • S. K. Singh 52
Studies on mechanism of trace pollen production of male sterile lines in Brassica napus • LI Xun, CHEN Ping Ping, GUAN Mei, GUAN Chunyun 55
Increasing rapeseed yields through heterosis breeding • C. H. Prajapati, K. M. Patel, M. P. Patel, H. C. Pathak 58
Study on the full sterile line and F
1seed production technique of Huyouza No. 1(Brassica napus L.) with good quality and high yield • WANG Weirong, SUN Chaocai, LI Yanli, QIAN Xiaofang 61
Hybrid breeding of winter oilseed rape by utilization of self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility systems • Vratislav Kucera, Miroslava Vyvadilova, Miroslav Klima 63
Cytogenetic studies of cytoplasmatic male sterility in rapeseed • Atlagic Jovanka, Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana, Marinkovic Radovan,
Terzic Sreten 66
Breeding of high erucic acid recessive genic male sterile line 303AB for industrial purpose • PU Dingfu, YUAN Daibin, MENG Daqing, LI Zhifan, XU Lan, HE Qichuan, TANG Tianze, GUO Zirong 70
Heritability, combining ability and heterosis in glucosinolate content in seed of winter rape (Brassica napus L.) estimated with diallel crosing between double haploid lines • Teresa Pietka, Krystyna Krotka, Jan Krzymanski, Teresa Cegielska-Taras 73
Breeding of a thermo-insensitive polima cytoplasmic male sterile line YN04252A (Brassica napus L.) • DONG Yunsong, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Guojian, FU Minglian, WANG Jingqiao, LI Genze 77
Combining ability of some rapeseed (B. napus L.) varieties • Marinković Radovan, Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, Dragana Miladinović 79 Studies on the sterility of stable CMS LINE 991A in Brassic napus • ZHUO Yuhong, PENG Wusheng, LIU Hongbin, TANG Jianliang,
CHEN Tingzhou, JIANG Lianghui 82
Development of a high yielding Indian mustard hybrid DMH-1 • Y. S. Sodhi, J. K. Verma, N. Arumugam, A. Mukhopadhyay, V. Gupta, A. K. Pradhan, D. Pental 84
Breeding and utilization of recessive genic male sterile dual-purpose Line 20118AB in Brassica napus L. • SUN Chaocai, ZHAO Hua, WANG Weirong, LI Yanli, QIAN Xiaofang, FANG Guanghua 87
Rapeseed as a model to analyse “fixed heterosis” in alloploid plants • Franziska Wespel, Heiko Becker 90
The discovery of a new kind of cytoplasmic male sterility accession in Brassica napus L. • LI Aimin, ZHANG Yongtai, HUI Feihu, ZHOU Rumei 93
Development and studies of a thermosensitive genic male sterility breeding system in rapeseed mustard Brassica juncea • LI Shikai, HE Jiangming, LIU Xuyun, ZHANG Xishun, LI Weifen 96
Discovery and application of a new kind of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus L. • YUAN Daibin, MENG Daqing, PU Dingfu, LI Zhifan, XU Lan, GUO Zirong, TANG Tianze, HE Qichuan 99
Breeding of the POL-CMS line BE23A in Brassic napus • CHEN Weijiang, LI Mei, FAN Lianyi 102
An assay of CMS lines of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] for flowering and seed yield characters • Shiv K. Yadav, S. K. Chakrabarty 104
Study on heterosis among subspecies or varieties in B. campestris L. • WANG Junsheng, WANG Xuefang, ZHANG Yanfeng, ZHANG Zhi, TIAN Jianhua, LI Dianrong 108
Heterosis analysis of recessive genetic all sterile line in Brassica napus L. • ZHANG Pu, LI Dianrong, TIAN Jianhua 111 Discovery and the genetic basis of a thermo-sensitive genic ms line with large flowers in Brasscia napus L. • WU Xianmeng,
GUAN Chunyun 114
The genetic base of establishing stable ms lines by means of improving Pol cms line in Brassica napus L. • WU Xianmeng, GUAN Chunyun, NING Zuliang, HUANG Fulan, XIAO Gang 118
Breeding of a stable CMS line without trace-pollen by means of improving Pol CMS line in Brassica napus L. • WU Xianmeng, XI Daiwen, NING Zuliang, GUAN Chunyun 123
Utility of heterosis of two-line hybrid rapeseed in China: approaches and achievements • YU Chengyu, HU Shengwu 128 Male sterility of Brassica induced by herbicide tribenuron-methyl • YU Chengyu, HU Shengwu, HE Peiru 130
Breeding of an environment sensitive male sterile line 373S in Brassica napus L. • YU Chengyu, HU Shengwu, WANG Jianwei, LI Wei, CHANG Jianjun 133
Breeding of temporary all maintainer with purple leaf in oilseed rape • WU Xinjie, HU Baocheng, CHEN Fengxiang, LI Qiangsheng, HOU Shumin, FEI Weixin, HUANG Xiaorong, JIANG Yingfen 136
Heterosis and combining ability in Brassica rapa populations for biomass production • Atta Ofori, Heiko C. Becker 140
Genetic diversity and its association with heterosis in Brassica rapa • Gurpreet Kaur, Payal Bansal, Balwinder Kaur, Shashi Banga 144
GENETICS AND BREEDING Breeding for Quality
High stability oil Brassica napus from a cross low linoleic acid and low linolenic acid mutants: agronomic improvement through backcrossing to elite canola germplasm and reselection of extreme fatty acid profiles • J. Philip Raney, Todd V. Olson, Jo-Anne Relf- Eckstein, Don Rode, Gerhard Rakow 148
Reasearch on creating new germplasm of high oil content in B. napus • LI Jingfeng, LI Genze, ZHANG Guojian, CHEN Wei, DONG Yunsong, ZHANG Meihuan, WANG Jingqiao 152
High oleic acid content breeding materials of Brassica napus produced by
60Co radiation • GUAN Chunyun, LIU Chunlin, CHEN Sheyuan, PEN Qi, LI Xun, GUAN Mei 155
Breeding progress towards high oil content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) – essential innovations to meet current and future market needs • Detlef Hauska, Carsten Oertel, Ludger Alpmann, Dieter Stelling, Heinrich Busch 159
Variation in seed color and relationship to oil content in a yellow-seeded landraces in Brassica rapa L. • JIANG Jun, NIU Yingze, YU Qing, GUO Shingxing 163
Genetic analysis of glucosinolate content in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) • J. S. Chauhan, Manju Singh, V. P. S. Bhadauria, Arvind Kumar 167
Effects of osmopriming on fatty acid content in three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars • Reza Tavakkol Afshari, Somaye Ehsanfar, Ali Modarres Sanavy 170
Increasing erucic acid content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • Ujjal Kumar Nath, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers 173 Methods to study the advantages of cleistogamy in oilseed rape in limiting unwanted gene flow • Jacqueline Pierre, Agnès Fargue ,
Hervé Picault , Xavier Pinochet , Michel Renard 177
Variation for myrosinase activity in some crop Brassica species • A. K. Atwal, Manoj Kumar, Pratibha Chauhan, S. S. Banga 180 Gene effects for phenols content in three crosses of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) • Ramesh Kumar, N. K. Thakral,
R. K. Behl, D. Singh, Kamal Dhawan 182
Breeding for improved fatty acid composition in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • Young Seok Jang, Cheul Woo Kim, In Hoo Choi, Jin Ki Bang 185
Introgression of high oleic acid in Indian mustard through inter-specific hybridization • Abha Agnihotri, Gautam Sarkar, Nutan Kaushik, Deepak Prem, Kadambari Gupta 188
Breeding of yellow seeded Brassica napus L. var. oleifera via wide crosses in in vivo and in vitro conditions • Andrzej Wojciechowski, Błażej Springer, Jan Olejniczak 191
Combining ability analysis of quality characters for parents of hybrid in Brassica napus L. • DONG Zun, LIU Jingyang, MU Jianmei 194 Quantity and quality effects in fatty acid segregation at winter oilseed rape hybrids (Brassica napus L.) • Jan Krzymanski, Marcin Matuszczak,
Teresa Cegielska-Taras, Laura Szala, Irena Tokarczuk 197
Development of resynthesised rapeseed forms with low erucic acid character and their use in hybrid breeding • Fatih Seyis, Orhan Kurt, Hüseyin Uysal 200
Progress in breeding research on double low white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) • Teresa Pietka, Maria Ogrodowczyk, Jan Krzymanski 203 GENETICS AND BREEDING
Genetics and Germplasm
Rapeseed genetics and breeding research for sustainable oilseed production • Gerhard Rakow 207 Genetic improvement of rapeseed in China • ZHOU Yongming, FU Tingdong 210
Contribution of wild Crucifers in Brassica improvement : past accomplishment and future perspectives • Shyam Prakash, S. R. Bhat 213
Development and primary genetic analysis of a fertility-temperature-sensitive polima CMS restorer in Brassica napus • FAN Zhixiong, LEI Weixia, HONG Dengfeng, HE Junping, WAN Lili, XU Zhenghua, LIU Pingwu, YANG Guangsheng 216
Cytogenetic analysis of F
1, F
2and BC
1plants from intergeneric sexual hybridization between Sinapis alba and Brassica oleracea by genomic in situ hybridization • WEI Wenhui, ZHANG Sufeng, LI Jun, WANG Lijun, CHEN Bo, FANG Xiaoping 221
Relationship between floral and agronomic traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) • K. H. Singh, R. K. Mahawar, Arvind Kumar 228 Comparative alloplasmic effects of Brassica napus and B. juncea on seed characteristics of B. carinata • Caitao Chang, Fumika Kakihara,
Masahiro Kato 232
Floral morphology and pistil fertilization ability of female sterile mutant FS-M
1in Brassica napus L. • QI Cunkou, CHEN Xinjun, ZHANG Jifu, PU Huiming, GAO Jianqin, FU Shouzhong 236
Phenotypic variations in plant progenies of interspecific crosses involving Brassica juncea / B. carinata • K. Gupta, D. Prem, N. I. Nashaat , A. Agnihotri 239
Genetic diversity in canola for changing environments • Wallace A. Cowling 243
QTL analysis of phytosterol content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • Samija Amar, Wolfgang Ecke, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers 247 Analysis of path and genetic dicision of plant-type traits in compact rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) lines • WANG Junsheng, TIAN Jianhua,
ZHANG Wenxue, LI Dianrong, ZHANG Gaisheng 251
Homologous and homoeologous recombination in Brassica napus • Anne Marie Chèvre, Frédérique Eber, Martine Leflon, Stéphane Nicolas, Zhiqian LIU, Marie-Odile Lucas, Olivier Coriton, Nicolas Pouilly, Jean-Claude Letanneur, Cyril Falentin, Michel Renard,
Maria Manzanares-Dauleux, Hortense Brun, Régine Delourme, Eric Jenczewski 254
Genetic variation of glucosinolates in young leaves of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • K. Beckmann, C. Möllers, H. C. Becker, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch 258
Studies on rapeseed germplasm enhancement by use of cruciferous weed Descurainia sophia • GUAN Rongzhan, JIANG Shuhui, XIN Ruying, ZHANg Hongsheng 261
Analysis on the self-compatibility of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa) in China • LEI Jianming, WU Junyan, ZHANG Yan, PANG Jinping, ZHANG Jianxue, FAN Tiping, MENG Yaxiong, SUN Wancang 266
Breeding of winter and spring oilseed rape at Plant Breeding Company Strzelce Ltd. • Henryk Wos, Grzegorz Budzianowski, Anna Fürguth, Wieslawa Poplawska, Janina Wos, Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda, Henryk Cichy, Zygmunt Nita 268
Studies on crossability barriers between cultivated species and wild allies of crop Brassicas • Ranbir Singh, KR Shivanna, Shyam Prakash 272
Analysis of the superior yield and wide adaptability of high oil yield hybrid zhongyouza 11 • LI Yunchang, HU Qiong, ME Desheng, LI Yingde, XU Yusong 277
Characterization of indigenously collected germplasm of yellow sarson (B. rapa L. var. yellow sarson) for yield contributing traits • A. K. Misra, S. S. Manohar, A. Kumar 280
Response of three oilseed Brassica species to individual and mixed isolates of Albugo candida • K. Gupta, A. Agnihotri, D. Prem, R. P. Awasthi, S. J. Kolte, N. I. Nashaat 284
Genetic analysis of flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • CAI Changchun, CHEN Baoyuan, FU Tingdong, TU Jinxing 287
The release of canola quality Brassica juncea for Australia • Wayne Burton, Phil Salisbury, Daryl Males, Derek Potts 291 New idioplasmic resource B. napus L. with multi-loculus founded by interspecific hybridization • ZHAO Hongchao, AN Fengyun,
DU Dezhi 294
Genomic in Situ hybridization in intergeneric hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea • CHENG Yugui, WU Jiangsheng,
ZHANG Minghai, FANG Huaming 296
Preliminary study on inheritance of an artificially resynthesized white flower line in Brassica napus L. • TIAN Lushen, JIANG Guangfu, NIU Yingze, GUO Shixing 302
Effect of
12C heavy ion beam irradiation on rapeseed (Brassica napus) • GUAN Mei, LI Xun 306
Inheritance of two rapeseed mutants with apetalous flowers and molecular mapping of the gene(s) controlling petal-loss trait in Brassica napus • CHEN Biyun, WU Xiaoming, LU Guangyuan, GAO Guizhen, XU Kun, LI Xiangzhi 313
Create and broaden the germplasm pool of B. napus through interspecific hybridization between B. carinata and B. rapa • JIANG Yingfen, TIAN Entang, LI Ruiruan, MENG Jinling 316
Observation on chromosome behavior during meiosis of resynthesized Brassica napus • LI Jun, FANG Xiaoping, WANG Zhuan, LUO Lixia, LI Jun, HU Qiong 320
Preliminary study on mutagenic effects of
60Co-γand spaceflight treatment to Brassica napus • LI Haojie, PU Xiaobin, ZHANG Jinfang, JIANG Liangcai 323
Derived alloploidy: an unexplored avenue for augmenting genetic variation in Brassica digenomics • Shashi Banga, F.A. Sheikh, Gurpreet Kaur, S.S. Banga 327
Studies on rapeseed germplasm enhancement by use of cruciferous weed Rorippa indica • GUAN Rongzhan, JIANG Shuhui, XIN Ruying, ZHANG Hongsheng 329
High frequency production of microspore derived doubled haploids (DH) and its application for developing low glucosinolate lines in Indian Brassica juncea • A. Mukhopadhyay, N. Arumugam, Y. S. Sodhi, V. Gupta, A. K. Pradhan, D. Pental 333
Development of novel yellow-seeded Brassica napus germplasm through interspecific Cross B. juncea × B. napus(G3) • LIU Zhongsong, GUAN Chunyun, CHEN Sheyuan, LIU Shuyan 336
Genetic variation and genotype×environment interactions for phytosterol content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • Samija Amar, Heiko C. Becker, Christian Möllers 340
Material breeding, heredity and utilization of purple-red leaf marker character in Brassica napus L. • WANG Tongqiang, HUANG Zesu, TIAN Zhuping, YANG XiaoronG, DAI Wendong, SHAO Mingbo 343
Study of quality characters of vegetable Brassica campestris L. and application to rapeseed breeding • WANG Xuefang, LI Dianrong, CHEN Wenjie, ZHANG Yanfeng, ZHANG Zhi 347
Introgression of novel genetic variation in Brassica carinata • F. A. Sheikh, Shashi Banga, Chhaya Atri 350
Breeding of apetalous and dwarfish line APL03(Brassica napus) • FU Shouzhong, ZHANG Jiefu, QI Cunkou, PU Huiming, GAO Jianqin, CHEN Xinjun 353
Characteristic of semi-dwarf mutants in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) • Jan Olejniczak, Małgorzata Adamczak, Andrzej Wojciechowski 356 Preliminary study of white-flowering germplasm resources in rapeseed (Brassical napus L.) • SUN Hua, XU Caikang, ZHANG Jiandong,
JIANG Heyun 358
Development of an empirical relationship for chemical mutagen induced lethality in zygotic embryos and microspore embryogenesis from mutant donor plants of Indian mustard (B. juncea) • Deepak Prem, Kadambari Gupta, Gautam Sarkar, Abha Agnihotri 360
Cytology of multisomic addition line “NJ04-8089” in Brassica napus L. • YUAN Shifeng, QI Cunkou 364
Analysis of self-compatibility in Sinapis alba (L.) Boiss • FAN Huiling, SUN Wancang, YAN Ni, ZHU Huixia, WU Junyan, ZHANG Yahong, ZENG Jun, YE Jian, LIU Yali 368
Variability of glucosinolates in Brassica germplasm collections • Nutan Kaushik, Gautam Sarkar, Abha Agnihotri 371
Analysis of self-compatibility in Eruca sativa Mill • WANG Xuefang, FAN Huiling, ZHU Huixia, YAN Ni, WU Junyan, GUO Xiujuan, YANG Jie, KANG Yanli, WEI Wenhui, WEI Xuelian, SUN Wancang 374
QTL mapping of seed coat color of yellow-seeded Brassica napus • LIU Liezhao, MENG Jinling, LIN Na, CHEN Li, TANG Zhanglin,
ZHANG Xuekun, LI Jiana 377
Inheritance study and utilization of Leaf-on-leaf marker character in Brassica napus L. • WEI Zhongfen, ZHANG Taiping, WANG Jun, LI Dewen 382
Diversity analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern & Coss.) • B. R. Choudhary, Z. S. Solanki, S. R. Kumhar 386
The effect of plant density and time of nitrogen application on some agronomical characteristic of rape seed (Brassica napus L.) • A. Danesh- Shahraki, A. Kashani, M. Mesgarbashi, R. Mamghani, M. Nabi-pour 389
Genetic study of very high glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard seeds • Angustias Márquez-Lema, José M. Fernández-Martínez, Begoña Pérez-Vich, Leonardo Velasco 393
GENETICS AND BREEDING Breeding for Stress Resistance
Frost resistance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.): screening of genotypes • Dhiraj Singh, M. L. Chhabra, N. K. Thakral, Kamal Dhawan, Amit Singh, Omender Sangwan, Naveen Chandra, J. S. Chauhan, Arvind Kumar 398
Examination of pathogenic variation among Australian white rust (Albugo candida) isolates from Brassica juncea and implications for breeding resistant canola quality B. juncea • A. M. Gurung, W. A. Burton, C. Franke, P. A. Salisbury 401
Isotope discrimination technique (Δ
13C) : A possible selection criteria for drought tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). • Maharaj Singh, J.S.Chauhan, M. S. Sheshshyee, M. Udaya Kumar, Arvind Kumar 404
Identification of resistance to Albugo candida in Indian, Australian and Chinese Brassica juncea genotypes • LI Caixia,
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Graham Walton, Allison Gurung, Phil Salisbury, Wayne Burton, Surinder Banga, Shashi Banga, Chirantan Chattopadhyay, Arvind Kumar, Rajender Singh, Singh Dhiraj, Abha Agnohotri, LIU Shengyi, LI Yunchang, FU Tingdong, Martin Barbetti 408
Intertribal crosses between Brassica species and Capsella bursa-pastoris for the improvement of oil quality and resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of Brassica crops • CHEN Haifeng, WANG Hua, LI Zaiyun 411
Development of Brassica juncea as a suitable oilseed crop for cold dry lands • K. Alizadeh 414
Blackleg disease (Leptosphaeria maculans) on oilseed rape⎯evidence for it being a polycyclic disease in Australia and implications for disease management • LI Hua, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam,Martin Barbetti 416
Crack resistance of pods in some varieties of winter rapeseed • Jerzy Tys, Henryk Stasiak, Andrzej Borychowski, Roman Rybacki 420 Sources of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus and B. juncea germplasm for China and Australia • LI Caixia, LI Hua,
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, FU Tingdong, LI Yunchang, LIU Shengyi,Martin Barbetti 424
Histological barriers breached by the race of Leptosphaeria maculans that overcomes a single dominant gene-based resistance in Brassica napus • LI Hua, Vanessa Stone, Neree Dean, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam,Martin Barbetti 427
Thermo tolerance in Brassica: refined rapid screening method to identify thermo tolerant genotypes in Brassica • Rajesh Sharma, M. L. Chhabra, Ashok Dhawan, Kamal Dhawan, Dhiraj Singh 430
Genetic variation in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans strains causing fusarium-wilt of canola in Western Canada • Jeremy Klassen, CHEN Yu, Ralph Lange, W. G. Dilantha Fernando 433
Study on cold hardiness and its physiological and biochemical characteristics of winter turnip rape (Brassica campetris) • ZHU Huixia, SUN Wancang, YAN Ni, WU Junyan, FAN Huiling,YE Jian,LIU Yali, ZHANG Yahong, ZENG Jun 436
Inheritance of white rust resistance in Indian mustard (Brassica uncea L.) Czern & Coss. • Ramesh Kumar, N. K. Thakral 439 Evaluation of Brassica germplasm under semi cold rain fed conditions • Hossein Hatamzadeh, Sara Alipour, Akhtar Beg 441 Evaluation of drought stress effects on germination parameters of
rapeseed (Brassica n apus) through cold test • Hamideh Khalaj,
A. H. Shirani Rad, S. A. Sadat Noori, E. Allah Dadi, GH. Abass. Akbari, M. R. Labbafi 444
Assessing drought tolerance in Brassica species by root characteristics and plant water relations • K. D. Sharma, A. Kumar, Dhiraj Singh, Phil Salisbury, Arvind Kumar 448
Studies on genetic variability for water deficiency tolerant in some rapeseed genotypes • Keshta M. M, Hisham Taher 452
Effect of osmopriming on germination in seeds of three winter canola (Brassica napus L.)varieties under salinity stress • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres Sanavy, Somayeh Ehsanfar 455
Effect of salinity on germination and growth rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars seeds • Hamideh Khalaj, Mohammad Reza Labbafi 458 The assessment of appling drought stress on different canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars • Hamideh Khalaj, S. A. Sadat Noori,
A. H. Shirani Rad, GH. Abass. Akbari, E. Allah Dadi, M. R. Labbafi 461
The assessment of morphological for seed aging in 6 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars • Hamideh Khalaj, S. A. Sadat Noori, A. H. Shirani Rad, E. Allah Dadi, GH. Abass. Akbari, M. R. Labbafi 466
Index to Authors 470
GENETICS AND BREEDING
Heterosis Utilization
Brassica seed quality breeding at the University of Manitoba
P. B. E. McVetty
1, R. Scarth
1, W. G. D. Fernando
1, G. LI
1, Z. SUN
2, D. Taylor
3, J. TU
4, C. D. Zelmer
11
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
2
Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007 P.R. China
3
Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0W9 Canada
4
National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 P.R. China Email: [email protected]
Abstract
University of Manitoba canola/rapeseed breeding programs have always focused on improving seed quality with increases in oil, protein and sum of oil and protein, reduction in fibre and oil composition modifications targeted. Genomics has recently been added to the wide range of techniques used at the UM to develop high seed quality canola/rapeseed.
Key words: oil, protein, oil composition modifications, fibre, canola, rapeseed
Canola/rapeseed is the major oilseed crop grown in Canada. In addition to continued improvements of agronomic performance, steady improvements in the seed quality of canola/rapeseed varieties are required to maintain the competitive edge of Brassica varieties compared to other oilseeds. Seed quality in canola/rapeseed is multi-faceted, consisting mainly of oil, protein, glucosinolates and fibre levels in the seed and oil composition.
The University of Manitoba (UM) canola/rapeseed breeding programs monitor and select for oil and protein levels and for the sum of oil and protein levels in the seed. The maximum oil, protein and sum of oil protein contents in B. napus observed in yield trials in recent years at the UM are shown in Table 1. All of these materials possess black seeds. Compared to the checks, it appears that oil level in black seeded B. napus lines can be increased by approximately 5%, protein level by over 1% and the sum of oil and protein level by over 7% in black seeded lines and likely by even more in yellow seeded lines.
Table1. Maximum oil, protein and sum of oil and protein levels in B. napus from yield trials grown at the UM 2002-2006
Line Type / I.D. Pedigree Oil1 % Protein2% Sum (O+P) 3 %Canola (Oil max) 96LL112×HiQ 51.0 45.3 96.3
Canola (Pro max) 97LL105×HiQ 50.8 46.3 97.1
Canola (Sum max) 97LL105×HiQ 50.8 46.3 97.1
Low Lin (Oil max) Polo×92-588 52.9 47.8 100.7
Low Lin (Pro max) 970170×97C49 49.8 50.8 100.4
Low Lin (Sum max) 99LL120 52.3 50.0 102.3
HSO (Oil max) 970126×97C49 53.0 45.6 98.5
HSO (Pro max) 970126×97C49 51.8 48.3 100.1
HSO (Sum max) 970126×97C49 51.8 48.3 100.1
HEAR (Oil max) HR100×Sponsor 54.8 42.5 97.3
HEAR (Pro max) HR100×Bianca II 50.7 48.3 99.0
HEAR (Sum max) HR100×Bianca II 52.5 46.8 99.3
Check (Oil max) Q2 49.7 43.4 93.1
Check (Pro max) 46A65 45.6 49.4 95.0
Check (Sum max) 46A65 45.6 49.4 95.0
1,2,3 Oil, protein and sum (O+P) @ 0% H2O
Molecular marker assisted selection for increased oil concentration using the Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker system (Li and Quiros 2001) has begun recently at the UM. Large DH line populations are being developed and evaluated for oil level variation currently.
Reduced fibre content in canola/rapeseed is a function of seed coat thickness, which is seed-coat-colour related. The yellow seed coat colour trait in Brassica significantly reduces fibre content. UM research and development on yellow seeded canola/rapeseed currently focuses on the development of SRAP molecular markers for the genes conferring the yellow seed coat trait in Brassica rapa and Brassica napus.
Oil composition modification research continues to be a focus of the UM Brassica breeding programs. Reduction in saturate level has been pursued using microspore mutagenesis, intraspecific crosses within B. rapa and B. napus, interspecific crosses and DH line production from the BC1F
1plants of these crosses (McVetty and Scarth, 2002). Low saturated fat DH B.
rapa lines from the cultivar Reward were created using microspore mutagenesis at the Plant Biotechnology Institute at
Saskatoon, SK. These mutant DH lines were crossed to normal DH lines from the cultivar Reward and then DH lines produced from the F
1plants. These B. rapa DH lines were then crossed to selected B. napus genotypes which were low in saturated fat levels to create interspecific F
1’s. The production of DH lines from the interspecific F
1’s was difficult, so a backcross to the B. napus genotypes was done. Selection for low saturate level within the high stability oil (HSO) B. napus materials developed at the UM was also done. The saturated fat levels achieved in selected materials developed in this research are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Saturated fat levels in selected B. rapa, B. napus and B. napus × B. rapa cross progeny grown at the UM 2002-2006
Line Type / I.D. Pedigree Origin Saturated fat %B. rapa
MDHFA 16-4 Reward DH line Microspore mutagenesis at PBI 5.3 MDHFA 18-1 Reward DH line Microspore mutagenesis at PBI 5.8 MDHFA 105-23 Reward DH line Microspore mutagenesis at PBI 4.5
DH14-146 × MDH105-23 Reward Intraspecific cross 5.1
DH14-146 × MDH105-23 Reward Intraspecific cross 4.9
DH14-146 × MDH105-23 Reward Intraspecific cross 5.2
B. napus × B. rapa
1OOGHDH Dynamite × MDHFA 18-1 Interspecific cross BC1F1 DH line 6.5 4OOGHDH Dynamite × MDHFA 18-1 Interspecific cross BC1F1 DH line 6.2 21000GHDH HSO 970247 × MDHFA 16-
4
Interspecific cross
BC1F1 DH line 6.6 B. napus
HSO DH 940 HSO 970073×HSO 97C105 Intraspecific cross DH line 5.5 HSO DH 945 HSO 970001 × HSO 97C29 Intraspecific cross DH line 5.6 HSO DH 989 HSO 970170 × HSO 97C121 Intraspecific cross DH line 4.8 HSO DH 1007 HSO 970001 × HSO 97C29 Intraspecific cross DH line 5.6
The reduction in linolenic fatty acid level with resulting increases in oleic level in canola oil types, has been a long term breeding objective at the UM (McVetty and Scarth 2002). The initial focus was on the reduction of linolenic acid, using the M11 mutant line from Rakow (1973), with the cultivars Stellar (1987), Apollo (1993) and Allons (1994), having 3%, 1.7%
and 2.5% linolenic acid, respectively, released by the UM. Linolenic acid level in B. napus is controlled by two genetic loci with additive effect. These loci have been co-located to two fad3 genes in B. napus by genetic mapping. Minor genes, maternal and cytoplasmic effects have also been associated with the variation in the linolenic level in B. napus. As a result, linolenic acid level generally shows continuous variation in crosses between high and low linolenic lines. The complete elimination of linolenic acid from the seed oil is not likely to be achieved by conventional breeding, as linolenic acid plays an essential role for normal plant growth and reproduction.
Oleic acid concentration in Stellar, Apollo and Allons ranged from 60 to 66%. Comparative studies showed that oils with relatively higher oleic and lower linolenic levels than conventional canola oil possess an improved oxidative stability without the requirement of partial hydrogenation, and produce less undesirable products during deep frying (Warner and Mounts 1993).
Mid to high oleic acid oils have equivalent heat stability to saturated fats and are suitable replacements for them in commercial food service applications that require long life stability. The profile of the optimum high stability oil (HSO) based on these comparisons has a 67 to 75% oleic acid level compared to conventional canola cultivars with about 61% oleic acid in the seed oil. The low linolenic canola breeding program at the UM has placed increasing emphasis on oleic acid concentration in addition to linolenic acid concentration, to create HSO materials. The minimum linolenic acid % and maximum oleic acid % in these HSO materials are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Oleic acid level and linolenic acid level in high stability oil (HSO) B. napus grown in yield trails at the UM 2002-2006
Line type / I.D. Pedigree Origin Oleic acid % Linolenic acid % B. napus×B. napusLL canola×LL canola (linolenic min) 970073×97C49 DH line 75.4 1.4 LL canola×LL canola
(oleic max) 970126×97C49 DH line 76.6 1.5
B. napus×B. rapa LL canola×low sat B. rapa (linolenic
min) (970247×FA16-4)×970247 Interspecfic cross DH line 76.0 2.1 LL canola×low sat B. rapa (oleic
max) 970247 × FA16-4 Interspecfic cross DH line 76.0 2.1
The development of industrial end use high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) varieties with increased erucic acid level has
been a major breeding objective at the UM. A Swedish origin rapeseed with high erucic acid level was crossed to Tower to
create the first HEAR variety, Reston (1982). A number of HEAR cultivars have been released by the UM after Reston
including Hero (1989), Mercury (1992), Neptune (1995), Venus (1995), Castor, (1996), Millennium 01 (1998), Millennium 02
(1999) and Millennium 03 (1999). More recently, two new Roundup Ready HEAR cultivars, Red River 1826 (2006) and Red River 1852 (2006) have been released. Erucic acid level in B. napus is controlled by two genetic loci with additive effect.
Minor genes have also been associated with variation in erucic acid level so that erucic acid level shows near continuous variation from zero to over 60% in canola×HEAR crosses. Erucic acid level has increased from 45% in Reston to 55% in the MillenniUM series HEAR cultivars. The Roundup Ready Red River HEAR cultivars have an erucic acid concentration of approximately 53%. The lower level of erucic acid in the Red River HEAR varieties is a minor gene effect not related to the Roundup Ready gene or to Roundup tolerance. The maximum erucic acid level of HEAR varieties grown at the UM in recent years are shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Erucic acid level in B. napus grown in HEAR yield trails at the UM 2004-2006
Line type / I.D. Pedigree Origin Erucic acid %
B. napus×B. napus
HEAR×HEAR (erucic max) HR100×HR200 OPP 56.7
HEAR×Canola (erucic max) HR 100×Bianca II OPP 56.4
HEAR×RR Canola(erucic max) HR499×Kelsey RR OPP 55.9
The development of super high erucic acid rapeseed (SHEAR) germplasm with erucic acid levels of greater than 66% is also an important rapeseed breeding objective at the UM. This goal has been approached by re-synthesizing B. napus through crossing selected lines of the two ancestral diploids, B. rapa and B. oleracea, which can incorporate C22:1 into the Sn-2 position, (Taylor et al. 1995), followed by chromosome doubling. Re-synthesized B. napus plants accumulate levels of C22:1 over 60%. SHEAR development is currently being pursued using two approaches, 1) in-house microspore mutagenesis of resynthesized B. napus lines and 2) fatty acid biosynthesis transgene pyramiding in collaboration with the Plant Biotechnology Institute. The PBI transgenes affect fatty acid biosynthesis pathways and influence erucic acid levels in the oil. The maximum erucic acid concentrations observed in the SHEAR materials are closely approaching the theoretical upper limit of 66% erucic acid (Table 5).
The preservation of seed quality through incorporation of disease resistance is another important breeding objective, with SRAP molecular marker assisted disease resistance gene pyramiding research and development in progress. Molecular markers for several blackleg disease resistance genes will soon be available for use in the UM canola/rapeseed breeding programs.
Recent breeding efforts involve the development of herbicide tolerant canola/rapeseed cultivars and the development of hybrid canola/rapeseed cultivars. The UM has developed several canola varieties using the OXY gene conferring tolerance to the herbicide bromoxynil, including Armor BX (2000), Cartier BX (2000), 295 BX (2000), Zodiac BX (2000) and Renegade BX (2001).
Hybrid canola/rapeseed variety development is increasingly important at the UM with parental line combinations which maintain or enhance seed quality in the hybrids being identified.
Table 5. Maximum erucic acid level in B. napus grown in SHEAR yield trials or confined field trails at the UM 2003-2006
Line type / I.D. Pedigree Origin Erucic acid %
B. napus×B. napus
SHEAR×SHEAR S14-24-158×S69-6-10 Resynthesized B. napus OPP cross 64.3 SHEAR× PBI TG1 S02R2668×HR696 pSE Resynthesized. B. napus OPP×oleic
to linoleic block transgene (PBI) 63.1 SHEAR×PBI TG2 S02R2709×NP00-3094 Resynthesized. B. napus OPP×FAE1
transgene (PBI) 62.6 SHEAR×PBI TG3 S02R2668×NP01-0649 Resynthesized. B. napus OPP×sn-2
transgene (PBI) 63.1
References
Li, G. and Quiros, C.F. (2001). Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: its application to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:455-461.
McVetty, P.B.E. and Scarth. R. (2002). Breeding for improved oil quality in Brassica oilseed species, J. Crop Production 5(1) 345:369.
Rakow, G. (1973) Selektion auf linol- und linolen-saureghalt in rapssamen nach mutagener behandlung. Z. Pflanzen. 69. 205-209.
Taylor, D.C., Barton, D.L., Goblin, E.M., MacKenzie, S., Van den Berg, C.G. J. and McVetty P.B.E. (1995. Microsomal lyso-phosphatidic acid acyl-transferase from a Brassica oleracea cultivar incorporates erucic acid into the sn-2 position of seed triacylglycerols. Plant Physiol 109, 409-420.
Warner, K. and Mounts T.L. (1993). Frying stability of soybean and canola oils with modified fatty acid compositions. J. Am. Oilseed Chem. Soc. 60, 983-988.
Evaluation for stigma receptivity in cytoplasmic male sterile lines of Brassica juncea L.Czern & Coss
S. K. Chakarbarty, Shiv K. Yadav, J. B. Yadav
Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110012 Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Field experiment conducted for two years indicated that the seven CMS lines of Brassica juncea differed for stigma receptivity. Stigma receptivity was recorded up to 10 days in Ogura, Moricandia and Erucoides systems. Peak stigma receptivity was observed two to three days after flower opening in case of Siifolia, Erucoides and Moricandia (green). It was suggested that Ogura and Moricandia (green) could be useful for hybrid development and seed production.
Key words: CMS lines, Brassica juncea, stigma receptivity, artificial pollination
Development of hybrids in field crops lead to higher productivity and production in field crops. Use of male sterility system is one of the means to develop hybrids. Heterosis in Brassica spp. is a well-known phenomenon (Labana et al., 1975;
Banga and Labana, 1983; Anand, 1987; Pradhan et al., 1993). A number of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems have been developed in B. juncea (Rawat and Anand, 1979; Prakash, 2001). Identification of fertility restorer is another pre- requisite. However, use of CMS lines for hybrid seed production depends upon the production potential of CMS lines in a specific heterotic cross combination.
Brassica juncea, a major oil crop in India, is predominantly self-pollinated in nature. Insects mainly (honey bees) act as pollen vectors effecting pollination to a great extent. Stigma receptivity is important for out crossing, fertilization and hybrid seed production. Stigma of B. juncea, in general, becomes receptive 3 days prior to its opening and remain receptive up to 3 days after opening of flower (Rai, 1991). A longer period of stigma receptivity of CMS line is desirable for higher seed production. Little information is available in this respect. Therefore, a study was made to understand duration of receptivity of stigma of CMS lines of Indian mustard and the results are presented in this paper.
Materials and Method
Seven CMS lines of B. juncea in Pusa Bold (PB) background were grown in winter season of 2001-2, and 2002-3 in the field of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Pusa Bold plants were grown along with the CMS lines as pollen parent. Male sterility plants of CMS lines were identified and tagged. Unopened flower buds likely to open in the inflorescence were covered with butter paper bag. Open flower and immature buds were removed. Flowers were pollinated manually from the day it opened. Pollination were done up to 8 days in 2001–2 on different sets of flowers already covered before opening with fresh pollen of PB. The pollinated flowers were covered after pollination. After observing the result of 2001-02, pollination was extended for two more days i.e., upto 10 days in 2002-03. A similar set was kept for this study under open pollination in 2002-03. The experiment was conducted on 5-10 inflorescence with 5-15 developed buds in each inflorescence of the CMS lines in peak flowering period. Data were recorded on number of pods set with seeds per siliquae on the pollinated flowers of each CMS line.
Results and discussion
There was a reduction of siliquae setting and development up to 8 days from flower opening in all the CMS lines. The number of siliquae with seed declined drastically with an increase in flower age before pollination (Table1).
Table 1. Seed bearing siliquae (per cent) after pollination in CMS lines of B. juncea (2001-02)
Siliquae set (%) after pollination (days)CMS line
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Oxyrrhina 100 96 80 80 82 68 60 56
Siifolia 100 85 65 56 50 50 45 40
Erucoides 100 70 54 36 32 27 25 12
Ogura 100 92 70 65 50 55 35 30
Tournefortii 85 55 33 18 15 12 10 12
Moircandia(green) 95 85 70 72 65 48 45 21
Moricandia(chlorotic) 70 52 34 28 25 22 26 18
Oxyrrhina CMS showed maximum percent siliquae set even after 8 days of flower opening indicating a longer period of
stigma receptivity. A reduction in number of seeds set per siliquae was recorded with increased flower age also. Two to four seeds per siliquae were recorded in all the CMS lines except in Tournefortii on 8
thday after flower opening (Table 2).
Table 2. Seed setting after artificial pollination in CMS lines of Brassica juncea (2001-2)
Mean number of seeds/pod after pollination (days) CMS Line1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Oxyrrhina 10 10 9 7 5 4 3 2
Siifolia 9 8 6 5 5 4 4 3
Erucoides 11 9 7 6 6 5 5 4
Ogura 13 12 10 7 6 5 5 4
Tournefortii 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 0
Moricandia(green) 11 10 10 9 9 8 4 3
Moricandia(Chlorotic) 9 6 5 5 5 4 5 2
In the flowering year, the study was extended up to 10 days in both open pollination and artificial pollination situations.
The result indicated slight reduction of pod setting up to 6 days in most of the CMS lines except Moricandia (chlorotic) and Tournefortii (Table3). Tournefortii has deformed style and stigmatic surface. Oxyrrhina,Ogura, Moricandia (green) and Moricandia (chlorotic) showed one seed per siliquae when pollinated artificially with pollens of PB on 10
thday (Table 4).
Tournefortii had the lowest number of seeds per siliquae even on the 1
stday of flower opening both under open pollination and artificial pollination conditions (Table-4).
Table 3. Seed bearing siliquae (per cent) after pollination in CMS lines of B. juncea (2002-3)
Siliquae set (%)after pollination (days)CMS line
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Oxyrrhina 97 96 86 85 82 61 68 70 22 17
Siifolia 72 72 60 54 52 50 48 46 25 16
Erucoides 71 50 42 39 43 37 31 8 9 8
Ogura 85 75 65 65 55 53 41 31 24 14
Tournefortii 25 25 13 13 12 13 10 10 0 0
Moricandia (green) 89 89 76 72 61 45 41 15 18 12
Moricandia
(chlorotic) 55 43 24 21 25 24 22 26 8 2
Table 4. Seed setting after pollination in CMS lines in B.juncea (2002-3)
Mean number of seeds/pod after pollination (days)CMS line
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Control
Oxyrrhina 7 6 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 1 10
Siifolia 7 8 5 5 5 4 3 3 1 0 10
Erucoides 8 8 7 5 5 4 4 5 3 0 10
Ogura 12 7 8 5 6 5 6 4 2 1 12
Tounefortii 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 7
Moricandia
(green) 9 10 10 7 9 8 4 1 2 1 12
Moricandia
(Chloritic) 9 7 5 3 5 4 5 3 2 1 10
A critical observation of data on number of seeds per siliquae obtained after pollination indicated that maximum number of seeds were set on 2nd day after flower opening in siifolia and Erucoides while on 2nd and 3rd day in Moricandia (green). In Moricandia a prolonged period of stigma receptivity up to 6 days was recorded giving 8 seeds/ siliquae (Table-4). This indicated the peak stigma receptivity in these three CMS lines could be 2-3 days after flower opening.
The CMS lines possessing longer duration of stigma receptivity is useful for higher seed production. In our study a difference in per cent seed set under controlled condition compared to open pollination among CMS lines was observed. The CMS lines differed to produce at least 50 per cent seed per pod compared to its potential after an interval of flower opening under open pollination. Erucoides had longer duration (8 days) compared to Ogura and Moricandia (chlorotic) (7 days) and Moricandia (green)(6days). In Oxyrrhina lower than 50 % seed set was recorded after 4 days of flower opening (table 4).
Therefore, Erucoides, Ogura and Moricandia would be desirable for hybrid seed production.
Maximum stigma receptivity in B. juncea was reported to be one day before the opening of flower (Labana and Banga, 1984). Difference in stigma receptivity could be due to genetic reasons. Maximum stigma receptivity in CMS lines of B.
juncea was recorded one day before anthesis. It declined gradually till 3-5 days and drastically thereafter. However, stigma remained receptive for 6-8 days after anthesis (Mankar, 2000). He also observed a difference in stigma receptivity in CMS lines. Oxyrrhina and Siifolia had lower stigma receptivity (up to 6 days) as compared to that of Tournefortii (up to 8 days).
Thus, it can be concluded that on the basis of stigma receptivity and its favourable effects on the period of seed set and its
number the CMS lines, namely Ogura and Moricandia (green) could be used successfully for hybrid development.
Acknowledgement
The guidance and facilities provided by Dr. S.P. Sharma, Dr. N.C. Singhal and late Dr. Rajendra Kumar of Division of Seed Science Technology, IARI for conducting the experiments is acknowledged. We are grateful to Dr.Shyam Prakash of NRCPB, New Delhi for providing the seeds of CMS lines and all scientific inputs.
References
Anand I.J. (1987). Breeding hybrids in rapeseed and mustard. In: Proc.7th Int .Rapeseed Conf., Poland, pp. 79-85.
Banga, S.S. and Lavana K.S.(1983). Heterosis in Indian mustard. Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Z. Pflanzenuecht, 92:61-70.
Lavana K.S. and Banga, S.S. (1984). Floral biology in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Genetica- Agraria 38(2) : 131-138.
Lavana K.S., Badawal, S.S. and Chaurasia, B.D.(1975). Heterosis and combining ability analysis in (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. Crop improvement. 2:
46-51 .
Mankar, K.S. (2000). A technology for the exploitation of hybrid vigour in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czern . & Coss) in absence of restorer system . Ph.D. thesis submitted to the P.G. School, IARI, New Delhi.
Pradhan,A.K.; Sodhi, Y.S.; Mukhopadhya, A; and Pental A.S. (1993). Heterosis breeding in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss : Analysis of component characters contributing to heterosis for yield . Euphytica, 69: 219 –229.
Prakash S. (2001). Utilization of wild germplasm of Brassica allies in developing cytoplasmic male sterility – fertility restoration system in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) . In: H. Liu. & Fu, T. (Eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Rapeseed Science, Science Press, New York. pp. 63-67.
Rai, B. (1991). Seed Production. In: Oilseed Brassica in Indian Agriculture, (Eds.Chopra V. L and Shyam Prakash (xiii) Har Anand Publications, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi pp. 241-256.
Rawat, D.S. and Anand, I.J. (1979). Male sterility in Indian mustard. J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 39: 412- 415.
Germplasm diversity and heterosis in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Shashi Banga
1, Gurpreet Kaur
1, G. Khosla
1Phil Salisbury
2, Neil Wratten
3, Wayne Burton
3, Dheeraj Singh
4, Wallace Cowling
51
Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
2
School of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
3
Primary Industries Research Victoria, Natimuk Road, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia
4
Department of Plant Breeding, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
5
