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Canadian energy consumption and conservation programs related to

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Ser

TH1

N21d

National Research

Conseil national

no.

1102

$

Council Canada

de recherches Canada

c. 2

BLDG

CANADIAN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CONSERVATION

PROGRAMS RELATED TO BUILDINGS

by

J.K. Latta

Proceedings of CIB

W67

Third International Symposium

Energy Use in the Built Environment, Volume

I

Dublin, Ireland, 1982

p. 1 .A.13

-

1

.A.26

A~\;.:LYxED

Reprinted with the permission of

The National institute for Physical Planning

& Construction Research

Dublin, Ireland.

DB R Paper No. 1 102

i

Division of Building Research

Price $1.50

OTTAWA

NRCC 22411

B t f f i .

RES.

L I B R A R Y

1

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Publications of the Division may be obtained by m a i l - ing the appropriate remittance ( a Bank, Express, o r P o s t Office Money Order, o r a cheque, made payable to the Receiver General of Canada, c r e d i t NRC) to the National R e s e a r c h Council of Canada, Ottawa. K1A OR6. Stamps a r e not acceptable.

A l i s t of a l l publications of the Diviaion i s available and may be obtained f r o m the Publications Section, Division of Building Research, National R e s e a r c h Council of Canada, Ottawa. KZA OR6.

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C a n a d i a n E n e r g y C o n s u m p t i o n a n d C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o g r a m s R e l a t e d t o B u i l d i n g s - - - + + - - - J . K . L a t t a , R e s e a r c h O f f i c e r , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l C a n a d a , O t t a w a . C a n a d a ABSTRACT C a n a d a h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o b e s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t i n a l l f o r m s o f e n e r g y b u t , d e s p i t e b e i n g a n e t e x p o r t e r o f e n e r g y , c u r r e n t l y i m p o r t s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 2 o f i t s o i l r e q u i r e m e n t a n d a l e s s e r p r o p o r t i o n o f c o a l . C a n a d i a n p r o g r a m s a r e , t h e r e f o r e , f o c u s e d u p o n r e d u c i n g t h e d e m a n d f o r o i l b y a c o m b i n a t i o n o f c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n o f o t h e r f o r m s o f e n e r g y f o r o i l . S i n c e b u i l d i n g s a c c o u n t f o r a b o u t o n e t h i r d o f t h e t o t a l e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n , a n d a b o u t o n e q u a r t e r o f t h e o i l c o n s u m p t i o n . t h e r e i s g r e a t p o t e n t i a l f o r d o i n g t h i s i n t h e b u i l d i n g s e c t o r . RESUME Le C a n a d a d i s p o s e d e s r e s s o u r c e s v o u l u e s p o u r a t t e i n d r e l ' a u t o - s u f f i s a n c e d a n s t o u t e s l e s b r a n c h e s E n e r g E t i q u e s , m a i s , e t b i e n q u e l a b a l a n c e c o m m e r c i a l e d a n s c e s e c t e u r s o i t f a v o r a b l e , l e p a y s d o i t i m p o r t e r e n v i r o n 2 0 2 d u p E t r o l e e t u n e m o i n d r e p r o p o r t i o n du c h a r b o n q u 1 i 1 c o n s o m m e . L r s p r o g r a m m e s c a n a d l e n s v l s e n t d o n c b r E d u l r e l a d e m a n d e d e p i t r o l e e n c o m b i n a n t l c s m e s u r e s d ' i c o n o m i e d ' 6 n e r g i e e t le r e c o u r s b d e s P n e r g i e s d e s u b s t i t u t i o n . Comme l e s b z t i m e n t s u t i l i s e n t e n v i r o n u n t i e r s d e l a q u a n t i t 6 t o t a l e d ' e n e r g i e consommEe e t u n q u a r t d u p E t r o l e , u n e a c t i o n d a n s c e d o m a i n e s e r a t r g s p r o f i t a b l e .

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C a n a d a i s v e r y f o r t u n a t e t o h a v e l a r g e a n d v a r i e d r e s o u r c e s o f e n e r g y . C a n a d a i s a n e t e x p o r t e r o f e n e r g y i n t h e f o r m o f n a t u r a l g a s , e l e c t r i c i t y a n d u r a n i u m ; b u t i s a n e t i m p o r t e r o f o i l a n d c o a l d e s p i t e h a v i n g l a r g e u n d e v e l o p e d d e p o s i t s o f b o t h t h e s e p r i m a r y f u e l s . T h e s e r e s o u r c e s a r e , h o w e v e r , e i t h e r l o c a t e d i n a r e a s r e m o t e f r o m t h e c e n t r e s o f c o n s u m p t i o n , a r e d i f f i c u l t a n d e x p e n s i v e t o e x t r a c t , o r a r e i n a n u n c o n v e n t i o n a l f o r m t h a t r e q u i r e s a d v a n c e d t e c h n o l o g y f o r t h e i r d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e G o v e r n m e n t o f C a n a d a i s i m p l e m e n t i n g a N a t i o n a l E n e r g y ~ r o g r a r n " ) t h a t i s a i m e d a t a c h i e v i n g s e l f f u f f i c i e n c y i n a l l f o r m s o f e n e r g y b y 1 9 9 0 . I t i s p r o p o s e d t h a t t h i s g o a l w i l l b e a c h i e v e d b y : ( a ) r e d u c i n g t h e r a t e o f g r o w t h o f t h e d e m a n d f o r e n e r g y t h r o u g h g r e a t e r e m p h a s i s o n c o n s e r v a t i o n ; ( b ) s u b s t i t u t i n g o t h e r f o r m s o f e n e r g y f o r o i l w h e r e t h i s i s f e a s i b l e ; ( c ) s t i m u l a t i n g e x p l o r a t i o n t o l o c a t e new d e p o s i t s o f o i l a n d n a t u r a l g a s ; ( d ) d e v e l o p i n g t h e r e s o u r c e s t h a t h a v e b e e n d i s c o v e r e d b u t h a v e n o t y e t b e e n b r o u g h t f n t o p r o d u c t i o n . T h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y i s b e i n g a c c o r d e d t o t h e r e d u c t i o n o f t h e c o n s u m p t i o n o f o i l a s c u r r e n t l y a b o u t 2 0 % o f t h e o i l t h a t i s u s e d i n C a n a d a i s i m p o r t e d . T a b l e s 1 a n d 2 s h o w how s e c o n d a r y e n e r g y w a s u s e d i n 1 9 7 5 a n d 1 9 7 9 1 8 0 a n d T a b l e s 3 a n d 4 g i v e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g u s e o f p r i m a r y e n e r g y . ( T a b l e s 1 a n d 3 a r e a d a p t e d f r o m r e f . 2 a n d t h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s a r e n o t y e t a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f 1 9 8 0 ) . T h e t w o s e t s o f f i g u r e s a r e n o t s t r i c t l y c o m p a r a b l e s i n c e t h e m e t h o d o f r e p o r t i n g e n e r g y s u p p l y a n d d e m a n d w a s r e v i s e d i n 1 9 7 6 . N e v e r t h e l e s s i t c a n b e s e e n t h a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e t h i r d o f t h e d e l i v e r e d e n e r g y w a s u s e d i n b u i l d i n g ; m o s t o f t h i s w a s f o r s p a c e h e a t i n g . A l t h o s g h t h e r e i s s o m e r e d u c t i o n i n t h e f r a c t i o n o f t o t a l e n e r g y d e r i v e d f r o m o i l t h e c o n s u m p t i o n o f o i l h a s i n c r e a s e d i n a b s o l u t e t e r m s . T a b l e s 3 a n d 4 a l s o s h o w t h a t t h e r e w a s n e a r l y 6 0 0 P J

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o f l o w g r a d e e n e r g y r e j e c t e d f r o m t h e r m a l e l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n g s t a t i o n s i n 1 9 7 5 a n d o v e r 8 0 0 P J i n 1 9 7 9 / 8 0 . L i t t l e o f s u c h h e a t i s u s e d e i t h e r i n i n d u s t r y o r t o h e a t b u i l d i n g s a l t h o u g h a s m a l l a m o u n t f r o m n u c l e a r s t a t i o n s i s now u s e d f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f h e a v y w a t e r . T h e r e a r e a f e w i n s t a n c e s o f c o - g e n e r a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c i t y a n d p r o c e s s s t e a m b y i n d u s t r y . b u t t h i s i s n o t r e c o r d e d i n t h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s o n e n e r g y s u p p l y a n d u s e . T h e p o l i c y o f l i m i t i n g t h e r a t e o f g r o w t h i n t h e d e m a n d f o r e n e r g y i n a l l s e c t o r s t h r o u g h i n c r e a s e d e f f o r t s a t c o n s e r v a - t i o n , a n d o f e n c o u r a g i n g a s h i f t f r o m o i l t o n a t u r a l g a s a n d e l e c t r i c i t y i n t h e b u i l d i n g s e c t o r i s b e i n g a c h i e v e d i n p a r t by a d j u s t i n g t h e p r i c e s o f t h e d i f f e r e n t e n e r g y f o r m s . T a b l e 5 s h o w s t h a t e n e r g y p r i c e s h a v e r i s e n m o r e r a p i d l y t h a n t h e C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x , a n d t h i s t r e n d i s e x p e c t e d t o b e m o r e p r o n o u n c e d i n t h e n e x t 5 y e a r s . T h e f i g u r e s a l s o s h o w t h a t n a t u r a l g a s a n d e l e c t r i c i t y w i l l h a v e a n i n c r e a s i n g p r i c e a d v a n t a g e o v e r o i l a s h e a t i n g f u e l s a s t h e C a n a d i a n p r i c e o f o i l a p p r o a c h e s t h e w o r l d p r i c e . A l t h o u g h r i s i n g p r i c e s f o r e n e r g y e n c o u r a g e m o r e e f f o r t t o c o n s e r v e e n e r g y , h i g h i n t e r e s t r a t e s t e n d t o h a v e t h e o p p o s i t e e f f e c t . ( l n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 1 t h e c e n t r a l b a n k r a t e w a s a b o v e 2 0 % . a n d a n y c o n s e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s t h a t r e q u i r e a c a p i t a l o u t l a y a r e h a r d t o j u s t i f y . ) T h e G o v e r n m e n t r e c o g n i z e d . t h e r e f o r e , t h a t m a r k e t f o r c e s a l o n e w e r e n o t s u f f i c i e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t new b u i l d i n g s c o u l d b e a s e n e r g y e f f i c i e n t a s t h e y s h o u l d b e . C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e G o v e r n - m e n t d i r e c t e d t h e N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l t o p r e p a r e a m o d e l c o d e f o r e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n i n new b u i l d i n g s . T h i s c o d e . w h i c h w a s p r e p a r e d i n 1 9 7 7 , s e t s o u t minimum l e v e l s o f p e r f o r - m a n c e f o r b u i l d i n g c o m p o n e n t s a n d s y s t e m s . T h e minimum a c c e p t a b l e v a l u e s f o r t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e e n c l o s u r e e l e m e n t s f o r h o u s e s a n d o t h e r b u i l d i n g s w i t h l o w i n t e r n a l h e a t g a i n s a r e g i v e n i n T a b l e 6 .

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F o r o t h e r b u i l d i n g s w i t h h i g h e r i n t e r n a l h e a t g a i n s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n r e d u c e d by s h i f t i n g a l l t h e n u m b e r s o n e c o l u m n t o t h e r i g h t , i . e . , c o l u m n 2 v a l u e s move i n t o c o l u m n 3 , e t c . T h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n made m a n d a t o r y f o r a l l new F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t b u i l d i n g s a n d f o r h o u s i n g b u i l t u n d e r t h e p r o v i s i o n o f t h e N a t i o n a l H o u s i n g A c t . A l l o t h e r b u i l d i n g s a r e u n d e r t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n o f P r o v i n c i a l G o v e r n m e n t s . Q u e b e c i s t h e o n l y p r o v i n c e t h a t h a s a d o p t e d t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s , b u t m o s t o f t h e o t h e r p r o v i n c e s a r e r e v i e w i n g them w i t h a v i e w t o p r e p a r i n g m o d i f i e d v e r s 1 . o n s f o r t h e i r own u s e . The 1 9 7 8 r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e b e i n g r e v i e w e d b y a n A s s o c i a t e C o m m i t t e e o f t h e N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l a n d a r e v i s e d v e r s i o n w i l l b e i s s u e d i n 1 9 8 2 . No v a l u e w a s s p e c i f i e d f o r a i r t i g h t n e s s i n t h e 1 9 7 8 v e r s i o n o f t h e c o d e b e c a u s e a t t h a t t i m e t h e r e w a s n o i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t o c a r r y o u t a i r t i g h t n e s s t e s t s , a n d t h e r e w a s n o s t a n d a r d - i z e d p r o c e d u r e f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e a i r t i g h t n e s s o f b u i l d i n g s . A t e s t m e t h o d i s b e i n g d e v e l o p e d b y t h e C a n a d i a n G e n e r a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s B o a r d a n d i t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t a n a i r t i g h t n e s s r e q u i r e m e n t w i l l b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e 1 9 8 2 e d i t i o n .

OTHER ACTIONS BY THE FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS TO ENCOURAGE ENERGY CONSERVATION IN BUILDINGS The G o v e r n m e n t o f C a n a d a h a s i n s t i t u t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o g r a m s a n d m e a s u r e s t o s t i m u l a t e g r e a t e r e f f o r t s t o w a r d c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n o f o t h e r e n e r g y s o u r c e s t o r e p l a c e o i l : ( 1 ) C a n a d i a n Home I n s u l a t i o n P r o g r a m (CHIP) U n d e r t h i s p r o g r a m a t a x a b l e g r a n t o f u p t o $ 5 0 0 i s g i v e n t o h e l p c o v e r t h e c o s t o f i m p r o v i n g t h e i n s u l a t i o n o f

.

, h o u s e s b u i l t b e f o r e 1 9 6 1 .

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( 2 ) H25 I n s u l a t i o n P r o g r a m ( H I P ) I n t h e p r o v l n ~ , e s o f P r i n c e E d w a r d I s l a n d a n d Nova S c o t i n a r . 1 ~ - f r e e g r a n t 01. u p t o $ 5 0 0 I s g i v e n t o h e l p c o v c r t h e c o s t o f i m p r o v i n g t h e i n s u l a t i o n o f h o u s e s . ( 3 ) 5 1 n a d i a n O i l S u b s t i t u t i o n P r o g r a m (COSP) A t a x a b l e g r a n t o f u p t o $ 8 0 0 i s g i v e n t o c o v e r h a l f o f t h e c o s t o f c o n v e r t i n g e x i s t i n g h o u s e s w i t h o i l f i r e d h e a t i n g s y s t e m s t o a h e a t i n g s y s t e m t h a t w i l l u s e l e s s t h a n h a l f o f t h e p r e v i o u s o i l c o n s u m p t i o n . ( L ) E n e r S a v e A m a i l - i n c o m p u t e r i z e d h o m e e n e r g y a u d i t , a v a i l a b l e f r e e o f c h a r g e , t h a t r e c o m m e n d s c o s t e f f e c t i v e a c t i o n s f o r r e d u c i n g e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n o f h o u s e s . ( 5 ) E n e r g u i d e A s y s t e m f o r l a b e l i n g m a j o r d o m e s t i c a p p l i a n c e s t o s h o w t h e i r r e l a t i v e e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n . ( 6 ) C e r t i f i c a t i o n o f I n s u l a t i o n C o n t r a c t o r s A p r o g r a m r u n b y t h e C a n a d i a n G e n e r a l S t a n d a r d s B o a r d (CCSB) f o r t h e e x a m i n a t i o n a n d c e r t i f i c a t i o n o f i n s u l a t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s . ( 7 ) P r o g r a m o f A s s i s t a n c e t o S o l a r E q u i p m e n t M a n u f a c t u r e r s (PASEM) A p r o g r a m o f g r a n t s t o s o l a r c o m p a n i e s f o r t h e d e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f s o l a r h e a t i n g e q u i p m e n t . (8) P u r c h a s e a n d U s e o f S o l a r H e a t i n g (PUSH) A p r o c u r e m e n t p r o g r a m u n d e r w h i c h t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t p u r c h a s e s C a n a d i a n m a n u f a c t u r e d s o l a r e q u i p m e n t f o r u s e o n f e d e r a l b u i l d i n g s .

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( 9 ) C a n e r t e c h C a n a d a A Crown C o r p o r a t i o n h a s b e e n s e t u p t o a s s i s t i n p r o v i d i n g r i s k c a p i t a l t o m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f e n e r g y c o n s e r v i n g e q u i p - m e n t . ( 1 0 ) F i n a n c i a l I n c e n t i v e s C h a n g e s i n t h e I n c o m e T a x A c t h a v e a l l o w e d c o m p a n i e s t o w r i t e o f f v a r i o u s e n e r g y c o n s e r v i n g i n v e s t m e n t s , o v e r a s h o r t p e r i o d , a n d g r a n t s o f u p t o 5 0 % o f c o s t s h a v e b e e n m a d e a v a i l a b l e i n s o m e a r e a s . ( 1 1 ) E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t i o n i n P u b l i c B u i l d i n g s - A p r o g r a m h a s b e e n s t a r t e d t o m o d i f y p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s t o r e d u c e t h e i r e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n . T h i s i n c l u d e s m o d i f i - c a t i o n s t o t h e h e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g a n d l i g h t i n g s y s t e m s , a s w e l l a s c h a n g e s t o t h e b u i l d i n g e n c l o s u r e e l e m e n t s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e a c t i o n s t h e F e d e r a l a n d P r o v i n c i a l G o v e r n m e n t s a r e p r o v i d i n g s u b s i d i e s f o r d e m o n s t r a t i o n s o f n o v e l c o n s e r v a t i o n s c h e m e s a n d a p p l i c a t i o n s o f r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y . Some p r o v i n c e s a l s o p r o v i d e g r a n t s a n d l o w i n t e r e s t l o a n s t o p e o p l e who p u r c h a s e h o u s e s t h a t m e e t s t r i n g e n t e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y s t a n d a r d s .

LIKELY FUTURE ACTIONS TO CONSERVE ENERGY

I N BUILDINGS ( 1 ) E n e r g y A u d i t s T h e F e d e r a l D e p a r t m e n t o f E n e r g y M i n e s a n d R e s o u r c e s i s d e v e l o p i n g a s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e f o r c o n d u c t i n g r e s i d e n t i a l e n e r g y a u d i t s . T h e s e a u d i t s w i l l b e o f f e r e d i n i t i a l l y b y t h e O n t a r i o a n d Q u e b e c E l e c t r i c u t i l i t i e s .

(10)

( 2 )

En.

C o n s e r v a t i o n T a s k F o r c e s 'Task F o r c e s o f o w n e r s a n d o p e r a t o r s o f c o m m e r c i a l b u i l d - i n g s w i l l b e s e t u p t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n o n p r a c t i c a l e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s , a n d t o d e v e l o p e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n t a r g e t s . A s i m i l a r s y s t e m h a s w o r k e d s u c c e s s f u l l y i n t h e i n d u s t r i a l s e c t o r . ( 1 ) C c . r t i f i c t i o n o f H o u s e s T h e C a n a d i a n S t a n d a r d s A s s o c i a t i o n h a s s e t u p a c o m m i t t e e t o d e v e l o p a p r o \ e d u r e f o r c e r t i f y i n g t h a t new h o u s e s c a n m e e t p r e s c r i b e d e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n t a r g e t s . When t h i s b e c o m e s a v a i l a b l e i t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t new h o u s e s w i l l b e c e r t i f i e d b y CSA a s b e i n g a b l e t o m e e t a s t i p u l a t e d a n n u a l e n e r g y b u d g e t . T h e t o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e s b y g o v e r n m e n t s a n d i n d u s t r y o n e n e r g y r e l a t e d r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i n 1 9 7 8 a r e s h o w n i n T a b l e 7 . T h e a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a c o v e r t h e w h o l e g a m u t o f e n e r g y u s e , w i t h b u i l d i n g s b e i n g a m a j o r c o m p o n e n t . POTENTIAL SAVING FROM THE COMBINATION OF P O L I C I E S AND PROGRAMS TO CONSERVE ENERGY I N BUILDINGS I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o q u a n t i f y t h e t o t a l p o t e n t i a l s a v i n g s f r o m a l l o f t h e s e p o l i c i e s a n d p r o g r a m s , b u t i t h a s b e e n e s t i m a t e d t h a t new b u i l d i n g s c o u l d o p e r a t e w i t h o n l y 2 5 % o f t h e e n e r g y p e r s q u a r e m e t e r t h a t w a s n o r m a l i n 1 9 7 3 . T h e s a v i n g s t h a t c a n b e a c h i e v e d b y u p g r a d i n g e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s w i l l n o t b e a s g r e a t a s f o r n e w b u i l d i n g s , b u t s a v i n g s o f u p t o 5 0 % a r e p o s s i b l e i f a l l o f t h e c o s t - e f f e c t i v e c o n s e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s a r e u t i l i z e d . REFERENCES ( 1 ) E n e r g y . M i n e s & R e s o u r c e s C a n a d a , T h e N a t i o n a l E n e r g y P r o g r a m . O t t a w a , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a , 1 9 8 0 .

(11)

( 2 ) K . F . T u p p e r . E n e r g y R/D: An NRC R o l e , O t t a w a . O n t a r i o . C a n a d a , 1 9 7 8 . ( 3 ) A s s o c i a t e C o m m i t t e e o n t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g C o d e . M e a s u r e s f o r E n e r g y C o n s e r v a t i o n i n New B u i l d i n g s 1 9 7 8 . N R C C 1 6 5 7 4 , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a . 1 9 7 8 . ( 4 ) S t a t i s t i c s C a n a d a , Q u a r t e r l y R e p o r t o n E n e r g y S u p p l y - Demand i n C a n a d a , C a t a l o g u e 5 7 - 0 0 3 , O t t a w a , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a , 1 9 7 9 111 6 I V , 1 9 8 0 I 6 1 1 .

(12)

T o t a l R e f i n e d C o a l N a t u r a l P e t r o l e u m E l e c t r i c i t y S t e a m X G a s P r o d u c t s PJ S u b t o t a l T o t a l X

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1 1 6 2 7 1 0 0 2 6 C - UI A g r i c u l t u r e ) R e s i d e n t i a l 1 2 6 4 5 7 P u b l i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) 0 4 C o m m e r c i a l 9 6 3 4 3 .rl a

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m S u b t o t a l

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2 2 2 7 1 0 0 3 6 P r o d u c e r C o n s u m p t i o n 1 0 396 3 0 1 8 3 7 9 0 1 3 T O T A L P J 2 5 7 1 6 1 0 3 4 0 7 95 7 6 2 3 1 1 0 0 E N E R G Y U S E X 4 2 6 5 5 1 5 1 0 0

I

N o t e s 1. S t e a m c o n s u m p t i o n a n d p i p e l i n e e n e r g y u s e w e r e not r e p o r t e d s e p a r a t e l y in 1975. 2. A s m a l l a m o u n t o f b i o m a s s e n e r g y w a s u s e d i n b u i l d i n g s m a i n l y for h e a t i n g ( l e s s t h a n 2% of total b u i l d i n g e n e r g y consumption). T a b l e 1

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S e c o n d a r y E n e r g y U s e

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(13)

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d m rl 0 0 - 0 o m m 0 d h U 0 4 u a H

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0 u W r l e m @ 8 m .d L ~ ~ F - P - U O m N u l u 0 d K 4 0 .l 0 "-7 0 0 0 U u d 4 m u o P 8 a H 3 d a vl u m u c u -c a d 1 a m 8 u 8 rl C d 0 u d 3 8 W a m A d 8 e m m a 4 8 u o 8 m o a n a a u u d . e m 9) a u m . n a M U W h o d U d N U m o r l a u o u u Y l U 8 m e 8 ' e a a PI 8 8 c C u X 0 d U b M U 4 a u 8 u m c o a vl I m 8 I \0 X ' 2 4 4 P X N e w u M u m 8 rl u r n m u m s a d m o t I I I

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t m t 4 1 u l I n N

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P u ' O W a H P) 0 a d rl c rl S a m 6 0 m 8 U U d U h C 0 o u o m u u u m u c Z N u P U P 0 8 C 8 U S d E d C .d u u a m m.4 91.4 0 & + Z ' r r :

(14)
(15)

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P e t r o l e u m U r a n i u m E l e c t r i c i t y S t e a m ~ ~ t ~ l

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TOTAL SECONDARY USE 2 5 3 1 6 1 2 3 4 4 8 1 1 8 8

PRODUCTION OF STEAM 11 1 5 1 8 NON-ENERGY

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9 3 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY H y d r o E l e c t r i c i t y % @ 1 0 . 5 MJIkWh ' ~ v a i l a b l e f o r u s e ' ~ i c t i t i o u s e n e r g y l o s s f r o m h y d r o T a b l e 4

-

P r i m a r y E n e r g y U s e

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1 9 7 9 1 8 0 P e t a j o u l e s

(16)

Approximate prices for energy in 1973 and anticipated for 1986

1973 1986

Gasoline 13C/L 80cIL

Fuel Oil ~ c / L 5 6 ~ / L

Natural Gas 3.5C/m 3 26c/m3

Electricity 1 . 8 0 ~ I k W h 6 ~ / k W h

Table 5 Consumer price trends Indices relative to a given base year Year 1973 Base year 1973 I Consumer Goods 1 0 0 110.9 122.9 132.1 142.7 155.5 169.7 186.9 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Gasoline 100 116.6 132.0 148.3 161.2 170.2 1 8 7 . 5 223.1 Fuel Oil 100 129.2 146.7 170.4 196.7 224.3 252.3 303.2 Gas 1 0 0 110.2 133.1 171.7 194.2 230.7 243.3 271.9 Elect 1 0 0 103.9 115.9 134.5 157.3 170.0 184.8 201.9

(17)

N o t e s t o T a b l e 6 B u i l d i n g A s s e m b l y

- -

W a l l a s s e m b l i e s a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e l ( o t h e r t h a n f o u n d a t i o n

1

w a l l s ) s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e j f r o m u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e I o u t s i d e a i r F o u n d a t i o n w a l l a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e f r o m u n h e a t e d s p a c e , o u t s i d e a i r o r a d j a c e n t e a r t h ( 2 ) Roof o r c e i l i n g a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i : & h e a t e d s p a c e f r o m

;

u n h e a t e i . a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r ( a ) i f cc.b2 o u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s p ~

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i - i t t e d ( b ) i f nt1;:combust i b l e c o n s t r u c - i s r e q i r e d F l o o r a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e f r o m u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r ( a ) i f c o m b u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c - t i o n i s p e r m i t t e d ( b ) i f n o n c o m b u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c - t i o n i s r e q u i r e d P e r i m e t e r s o f s l a b - o n - g r o u n d f l o o r s t h a t a r e l e s s t h a n 600 mm b e l o w a d j a c e n t g r o u n d l e v e l ( i n s u l a t i o n o n l y ) ( a ) s l a b s w h e r e h e a t i n g d u c t s . p i p e s o r r e s i s t a n c e w i r i n g a r e e m b e d d e d i n o r b e n e a t h t h e s l a b s ( b ) s l a b s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n ( a ) C o l u m n 1 ( 1 ) W h e r e t h e n u m b e r o f d e g r e e d a y s f o r a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h o s e l i s t e d , i n t e r p o l a t i o n b e t w e e n v a l u e s s h o w n i n t h e T a b l e may b e m a d e t o o b t a i n t h e minimum r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s f o r t h a t a r e a . ( 2 ) E v e r y f o u n d a t i o n w a l l f a c e h a v i n g m o r e t h a n 50 p e r c e n t o f i t s a r o , e x p o s e d t o o u t s i d e a i r a n d t h o s e p a r t s o f f u u n d a t i o n w a l l s o f wood-f r a m e c o n s t r u c t i o n a h o v e e x t e r i o r g r o u n d l e v e l s h a l l h a v e a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e c o n f o r m i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r w a l l a s s e m b l i e s a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e l . T a b l e 6 Minimum t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e (R v a l u e ) ,

m 2 " c / w

Maximum Number o f C e l s i u s u p t o . 3 m 2 . 5 4.7 2 . 5 4.7 2 . 5 1 . 3 0.8 2 5.000 3.0 5.6 3.0 4.7 3.0 1 . 7 1 . 3 3 D e g r e e ~ a ~ s ( l ) -&>00 3.4 6.4 3.4 4.7 3.4 2 . 1 1 . 7 4 8.000

- 2 n d

z v e r 3.7

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1 . 5 7 . 1 3.7 4.7 3.7 2.5 2 . 1 5

(18)

F e d e r a l P r o v i n c i a l I n d u s t r y 1978-79 1 9 7 8 - 7 9 1 9 7 8 ( $ m i l l i o n s ) C o n s e r v a t i o n 1 2 5 2 1 F o s s i l F u e l s 1 1 4 5 9 1 N u c l e a r e n e r g y 1 0 6 5 1 6 R e n e w a b l e r e s o u r c e s 1 5 9 6 Energy t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and t r a n s m i s s i o n 6 3

4

3 1 O t h e r 1 1

-

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T o t a l 1 5 1 9 9 1 6 5 T a b l e 7 N a t i o n a l e x p e n d i t u r e o n e n e r g y r e s e a r c h , d e v e l o p m e n t and d e m o n s t r a t i o n

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