A NNALES DE L ’I. H. P., SECTION A
T AKESHI K AWAZOE
Wavelet transform associated to an induced representation of SL(n + 2, R)
Annales de l’I. H. P., section A, tome 65, n
o1 (1996), p. 1-13
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1
Wavelet transform associated to
aninduced
representation of SL (n + 2, R)
Takeshi KAWAZOE
Department of Mathematics, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohokuku, Yokohama 223, Japan
and
Departement de Mathematiques, Universite de Nancy-I,
54506 Vand0153uvre-lès-Nancy, France.
Ann. Henri Poincare,
Vol. 65, n° 1,1996,
Physique
theoriqueABSTRACT. - Let G =
SL (n
+2, R)
and P = aparabolic subgroup
of G such that N isisomorphic
to theHeisenberg
groupHn .
Let 1 0
e03BB
0 1 be arepresentation
of P and 7r,B =IndGP ( 1
0e03BB
01 )
theinduced
representation
of Gacting
onL2 ( Hn ) .
In this paper we shall obtain a condition on 03BBand 03C8
Es’ (H n)
for which the matrix coefficients(/? 7TA (~)~)L~(~)
aresquare-integrale
on asubgroup Hn
x Rof G and =
1(1,
for all/
N A1 /
ESoit G = SL
(n
+2, R)
et P = un sous-groupe
parabolique
de G tel que N soitisomorphe
aHn
Iegroupe de
Heisenberg.
Soit10 e~‘
0 1 unerepresentation
de Pet =
IndGP ( 1
0e03BB
01 )
larepresentation
induite de Gqui opere
sur
L2 (Hn ) .
Dans cet article on obtient une condition sur A etpour que les coefficients de
matrice f, 03C003BB(g)03C8~L2 (Hn)
soient de
carre-integrables
sur un sous-groupe de= c
/ ~_
/1 (1,
pour toute1991, Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 22 E 30; Secondary 42 C 20.
l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique - 0246-0211
Vol. 65/96/01/$ 4.00/@ Gauthier-Villars
2 T. KAWAZOE
1. INTRODUCTION
Let G be a
locally compact
group and7-í)
arepresentation
of Gwhere 7-í is a Hilbert space
equipped
with the norm and the innerproduct (. , .)7-í.
For a subset S of G with a measure ds on S we say that1/;
E 7-í is S -admissible for 7T if there exists apositive
constant c such thatThen 1/;
E 7-í is S -admissible for 7r if andonly, if,
as a functional on~L,
Clearly, (2) implies (1). Conversely,
we suppose(1)
and defineTf :
7-í 2014~ Cby ~(~)-c~/(/,7r(~)~~(7r~)~,~~(~e~). Then the
Schwarz
inequality yields
that soTf
is a boundedlinear functional on 7~.
Therefore,
it follows from RieszRepresentation
Theorem that there exists
.f~ E ~l
such thatTf (h) _
and==
Especially, Tf (f) _ (,fo,
Thereby,
+ 0 andthus,
f
=f’o.
This proves(2).
We call( f. 7r(~)~)
the wavelettransform
of
f
associated to(G,
7r,6’, 1/;)
and(3)
the inversion formula of the transform. Here weput Tf (8) == (f,
7r(s
E5’).
If 7r isunitary,
itsatisfies a
partial
covariance:T~~~l~ ~~,s;~-1 f (sl)
=S)
and
furthermore,
if S is asubgroup
ofG,
it is the covarianceproperty:
We state some well-known
examples
of the wavelet transform in ourscheme. When S =
G,
ds a Haar measure ofG,
and7-í)
a square-integrable representation
ofG,
Dufio and Moore[DM]
find a G-admissiblevector 1/;
E 7-í: forexample,
Gabor transform and Grossmann-Morlet transformcorrespond
to asquare-integrable representation
of theWeyl- Heisenberg
group and the one-dimensional affine grouprespectively (cf.
[MW, § 3]),
and areproducing
formula for aweighted Bergman
space ona bounded
symmetric
domain relates to aholomorphic
discrete series of asemisimple
Lie group[B], [K]).
For anotherexample
we refer to[VP].
Let
(G, 77)
be asemisimple symmetric pair
andput
S = K A == cr(G’/77), G/H
-+ G is a flatsection,
ds = and(7r, ~-~C)
asquare-integrable representation
of G mod H. Then we can find a H - invariant distributionAnnales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (n + 2. R) 3
vector 1/;
E for which( 1 )
and(2)
hold.Recently
this idea"square- integrability
mod H" wasgeneralized
to some otherpairs ( G, H )
andnon-flat sections 03C3 :
G/H
-+ G:Ali, Antoine,
and Gazeau[AAG]
obtainwavelet transforms associated to the
Wigner representation
of the Poincaregroup
~+ ( 1, 1 ),
and Torresani[T l, 2],
Kalisa and Torresani[KT]
do tothe Stone-von Neumann
type representation
of the affineWeyl-Heisenberg
group
In this paper we shall
investigate
a transform associated to aprincipal
series
representation
of +2, R) (n E N).
Toexplain
ourgoal
welook at an
example by taking
G =SL (2, R).
Theholomorphic
discreteseries 03C0n
(n > 1/2, n
EZ)
is realized onHn,
hereHn
is the Hilbert space ofholomorphic
functions on the upper halfplane C+
with innerproduct (cjJ, ~2
= r(2 n - 1) / cjJ (x
+z?/) ~ (x
+iy) dy.
Then eachC+
is
square-integrable:
where c is
independent
of n(cf. [Su, §
10 andProp.
7.18 inChap. V]) and,
as stated
above,
the inversion formula follows aswhere c ==
( 2 n - 1) -I
LetHn
be the Hilbert space of functionson
R+
with innerproduct (~, ~~H2
=22n-l / ~ (t) ~ (t) t-2n+1 dt.
_
JR+
Then the inverse
Fourier-Laplace
transform .~’gives
anisometry
of~
onto
Hn and,
if weput
= .~ o o(7r~, H~ )
and(7r~, ~)
are
unitary equivalent (cf. [Sa,
p.20]).
Inparticular, (3)
and the inversion formula holdby replacing
7rn andH~
with~-n
andHn respectively.
Here wenote that ==
( 2 n - provided
that 03A8 isK-invariant,
and
therefore, by the integral
formula under the Iwasawadecomposition
G = N AK we can deduce that
Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.
4 T. KAWAZOE
Now we consider the
limiting
case of n =1/2:
the limit of discrete seriesH21/2)~ (1/2, 21/2). Obviously, (3)
and(4) collapse
when n goes to1 /2, because
12 =(2~ - 1 ) -1 ~!!~2
-~ oo when ~ ~1 / 2.
However,
if wedrop
the K-invariance of 03A8 and assumethat ~03A8~12
oofor 03A8 G
21/2,
we can deduce thatObserve that the wavelet transform
($,
isnothing
but theaffine wavelet transform obtained
by
Grossmann and Morlet(see § 5).
Moreover,
recall that the limit of discrete series71-1/2
isunitary
equivalent
to an irreduciblecomponent
of a reducibleunitary principal
series of
G,
that is denotedby VI/2, 1/2
in[Su,
p.246]. Therefore,
in thiscontext we can say that the affine wavelet transform
corresponds
to thelimit of discrete series or a reducible
unitary principal
series of 5’L(2, R).
Our aim is to
generalize
thiscorrespondance
and to find a transformwhich associates to a
principal
series of 5’L(n
+2, R).
Let P = M AN bea
parabolic subgroup
of G such that ~V ~Hn,
theHeisenberg
group, and and 03C003BB =IndGP ( 1
0e’B
01 )
the inducedrepresentation
of G. Weidentify
N with
R2n+1
to defineL2 (N),
S(N), and S’ (N).
Then we shall find asubgroup
x R ofG, 1/;
E?’ ( N ) ,
and a A for whichfor
all cp
ES (N).
Of course, since calculation is carried on asubgroup
N A of
G,
the whole results can be stated withoutusing
the 9L(n+2, R)-
scheme.
However,
toemphasise
thecorrespondance
of our transform anda
principal
series ofG,
we dare to use the S’L(n
+2, R)-scheme.
Mostof results in this paper can be
generalized
to theanalytic
continuation of discreteseries, inclusing
thelimiting
case, and to aprincipal
series ofsemisimple
Lie groups.They
will appear inforthcoming
papers.2. HEISENBERG GROUP
Before
starting
therepresentation theory
of G = 6’L(~+2~ R),
we recallthe one of the
Heisenberg
groupHn,
to which thesubgroup
N of G isisomorphic (see §
3below).
We refer to thegeneral
references[F]
and[G].
Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique théorique
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON + 2. R) 5
Let
Hn = {X
=( p, q, t);p,q ERn, t
ER}
denote thepolarized Heisenberg
group with the group law:n
where xy =
03A3xiyi
for x =(xi), y = (yi)
E Rn. We observe thati=1
{(0, 0, t); t
ER}
is the center ofHn
and theLebesgue
measuredqdpdt
is an bi-invariant measure dX on
Hn.
TheSchrodinger representation L 2 ( Rn ) )
ofHn
withparameter
h E isgiven by
Then each ph is irreducible
unitary and, by
Stone-von NeumannTheorem,
ph
is,
up tounitary equivalence,
theonly representation
ofHn
with thecentral character
7r(0, 0, t)
==e203C0ihtI
for h ER"B{0}.
We define forø ~ L1(Hn)
Then,
forwhere
Similarly
for a(p, q)
EL1 (R~
xR"z)
=L1 (R2n)
we definewhere 03C10h (p, q) (p,
q,0).
It is clear that03C10h (a)
makes sense as anoperator
from S(R")
toS’ (Rn)
whenever cx ES’ (Rz~) (see [F,
Theorem(1.30)]). For 03C6
ELz
the Plancherel formula on isgiven
as follows.where ~ ~ .
denotes the Hilbert-Schmidt norm.Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.
6 T. KAWAZOE
3. INDUCED
REPRESENTATION
OF SL(rt
+ 2R)
Let G = SL
(~+2, R) and g
= .~(~+2, R). According
to the process in[HI, § 6],
we shall define aparabolic subalgebra p=m+a+n of g,
the
parabolic subgroup
P = MAN ofG,
and an inducedrepresentation
=
IndGP ( 1
0e03BB
01 )
of G.Let g
= 6 + aa + no be the Iwasawadecomposition of g
such that6=~o(~+2),
aa =
{diagonal
matrices in0},
no =
{lower triangular
matricesin g
with 0 on thediagonal}.
Let
Zg (aa)
= mo + a0. When n =0, 1,
weput
m = mo, a = a 1 = ao, and n = no, thatis,
p = m + a + n is a minimalparabolic subalgebra
ofg. In the
following,
we may assume that n:>
2. We define ei : ao -+ R(1 i ~ n + 2) by
for H =diag (h1, h2,
...,hh+2) E
ao,and
put
cxi = ei+1- ei(1
i n +1).
The set of roots of(g, ao) positive
for no is
given by E = {e~ 2014
ej; i> j}
and the subsetconsisting
ofsimple
roots is
Eo
={0152i;
1 z n +1}.
For F =2 ~
i7z}
we setV ~
where
~F
={0152
E~; 0}
and ga is the root spacecorresponding
to 0152.
Explicitly, they
are of the forms :where
In
is the n x n unit matrix. LetZg (a)
= m+a andput.p
= m+a+n.The set of roots of
(g, a) positive
for n isgiven by 03A3 ( a) == {03B1~;
a EE}
where a’" = We set al =
~H
Ea; c~n+1 (H)
=0}
and/9 =
~ cx/2,
thatis,
We denote "
by A,
and ’ Nthe analytic subgroups
of Gcorresponding
to m, a, o and ’ n
respectively.
We define M =Zk ( a) Mo,
whereZx ( a)
de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique .
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (~a + 2. R) 7
is the centralizer of a in K == SO
(n
+2),
andput
P = M AN. We denoteby B
the Cartan involution of Ggiven by B (g)
=tg-1 (g E G)
andput
N =B (H).
Then it is easy to see thatwhose
complement
has Haar measure0,
where the identification is
given by
We
put
dn =dX,
da = where dA is theLebesgue
measureon a normalized in such a way
that J f
da= J f (exp A)
dA(f
ECc(A)),
andda1
= We normalize the Haar measure dmon M and c!~ = d8
(n)
on N as thefollowing integral
formula holds:for
f
EC. (G) (see [H2, § 19]).
Let
a~
denote the dual space of thecomplexification
Oc of a. ForA E
a~
wedefine,
out of therepresentation
1 0e~
0 1 ==of P = a
representation
of G denotedby
A dense
subspace
of therepresentation
space isgiven by consisting
of continuous functions
f
on G such thatwith norm =
Moreover,
G acts on asf (g)
=f g) G)
and isunitary
whenever 03BB E i a*.We observe
that, by restricting f
E toN,
is identified withLZ (N, ~2~(~(~)) where g EGis decomposed
under G = K MANas g =
kmeH
(9) n, and the action of G isgiven by
Vo!.65,n°l-t996.
8 T. KAWAZOE
where g
EGisdecomposed
under G = N MAN as g = 7z(g) (g)
7a.We define
S (N)
=by
the Schwartz class Thenit follows from Lemma
8.5.23, 27,
and Theorem 8.2.1 in[War]
thatS(N)
is contained in from(12)
thatE
N A)
is anoperator
We here define( f, g)Lz ~-,~;~ = J for ,f, g
E 7-la.
Since this form is
nondegenerate and
G-invariant on7-í-X
x(c/: [Wal, 8.3.11]),
we see thatis an
operator
onS’ (N). Especially, Tf (8) == (/, 7r~ (s) ~n.~
(s
EN A)
satisfies the covarianceproperty: T,;--~,5z~ f
=Tf (sz 1 sl)
s2 ~
S).
4. MAIN THEOREM
Let P = and
A1 C A
be thesubgroups
of G = SL(n
+2, R)
introduced in
paragraph
3. We suppose thata (p; q)
E~S’ (RZ")
and/3 (t)
EL1 (R) satisfy
thefollowing
condition: thereexists 03B3 :
R -+ Rsuch that
where is an
operator
from toS’ (R n) (see § 2),
I is theidentity operator,
and is the inverse Fourier transform on R. When G ==SL (2, R),
weignore
the function 0152. we setTHEOREM 4.1. - Let
03C803B1,
03B2 be as above andsuppose 03BB|a1
1 =( n
-I-1 ) cx i / 2.
Then, ~a,
,~ Es’ (N)
is NAl-admissible for
7r,B, thatis,
there exists apositive
constant c = such thatAnnales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique "
9
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (7a + 2. R)
Proof. -
We first observe from(8)
and(9)
that forf
E S(N)
Since
A1
={as
= ER}, (A
+ =(7a
+ andal (n
+2)
s, it follows from(10)
and(11)
thatand
thereby,
from(7), ( 11 ),
and( 14)
thatVol. 65, n° 1-1996.
10 T. KAWAZOE
Then,
we can deduce from( 13) (i)
and(ii)
thatwhere c" =
1~(ra
+2)
andthus,
5. EXAMPLES
We conclude with some
examples
of~,/3(p?
q,t)
=a (p, satisfying
the condition( 13) (i)
and(ii).
In the case of SL(2, R),
as saidbefore,
the functionq )
isignored,
so the condition( 13 ) (ii) only
lives out with ’Y == 1:
This condition is
noting
but the admissible condition for the affine wavelet transform onLz (R). Actually,
when G = SL(2, R),
the wavelet transform in(2)
is of the form:and
hence,
if we set a == it coincides with the affine wavelet transformon
L2 (R).
This isquite
natural becauseN A1
isisomorphic
to the affinegroup "ab + b"
(cf. [HW], 3.3).
Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON 5’L (rz + 2. R) 11
We now suppose that n >
1,
and wegive
someexamples
of0152
(p, q)
ES’ (R2n) satisfying (13) (i)
and obtain thefunction :
R 2014~ R.(a)
If a(p, q)
== 8(p - p0) 03B4 (q - go)
for some po.q0 ~ R",
iteasily
seethat
ph (a) f (x)
=e203C0iq0x y
and(0152) (Rn) ==
Therefore, a (p, q)
satisfies(13) (i) with ~y
== 1 and hence the conditionon
/?
is the same as in(15).
o;(p, q)
= where == 1.Since J
b (:c),
it follows thatp° (~) f (x) - 2"ao(-2~)/((l - 2 ja) :c)
and
Therefore, q)
satisfies
(13) (i) with ~ (h)
==22’~ 11 - 2
and(13) (ii)
is of the form:(c) If a (p, q) =
where|03B11|
==1,
then03C10h(03B1)f(x) =
2 n .~’
[~~ . /] ((1 -
2h ) ~ )
wherea 1 ( s )
= al( 2 hx),
so thefunction
and the condition on
,Q
are the same as in(b).
= then from the
formula for the distribution Fourier transform of the Gaussian functions
(cf. [F,
Theorem 2 inAppendix A] )
it follows thatph ( a ) f (x )
===
Therefore, a ( p, q )
satisfies( 13 ) (i) with ~(~)
= and hence( 13 ) (ii)
isgiven by
(e)
We now consider the Gaussian functions:where
A, B,
and C denote n x n real matrices. We set D =t A +7/2.
IfC = 0 and D is
invertible,
it follows as in(b)
thatVol. 65, n° 1-1996.
12 T. KAWAZOE
On the other
hand,
if C is invertible andsymmetric,
and B =tD,
it follows as in
(a~
thatwhere # ( C)
is the number ofpositive eigenvalues
of C minus the numberof
negative eigenvalues.
Remark. -
(1)
We note that the process to obtainph (cx)
isexactly
sameas the one used in the
Weyl correspondence
ofpseudodifferential operators (cf. [F, Chap. 2]).
In fact the above calculation ofph (a)
also follows fromProposition (2.28)
in[F] by generalizing
the results for p1 to andby arranging
theisomorphism
from theHeisenberg
group to thepolarized
one.Especially,
in the case(e)
the set ofoperators ~ (h)-1~2 ph (cx) corresponds
to the range of the
metapletic representation
ofSp (n, R) (see [F, Chap.
4and
Chap. 5]).
(2)
We suppose that B = C = 0 and D is invertible in(e).
Then admissible vectors03C803B1,03B2
areM0 A’1-invariant,
whereAi
is theanalytic subgroup
of Gcorresponding
toa i = {77
E a;(e.+2 - ( H )
=0}.
Ingeneral,
if a(p, q)
is a functionof pq,
thenN A1-admissible
vectorsare
M0 A’1-invariant,
and moreover, ifa (p, q)
is an even functionof pq
and
03B2(t)
is even, then03C803B1, 03B2
areM0 A’1-invariant.
(3) Examples
inparagraph
5 don’t cover the results in[KT].
In orderto obtain their transforms in our
S L (n
+2, R)-scheme
we needdeeper analysis
on1/;.
It will be done in aforthcoming
paper.[AAG1] S. T. ALI, J.-P. ANTOINE and J.-P. GAZEAU, Square integrability of group
representations on homogenous space. I. Reproducing triples and frames, Ann.
Inst. H. Poincaré, Vol. 55, 1991, pp. 829-855.
[AAG2] S. T. ALI, J.-P. ANTOINE and J.-P. GAZEAU, Square integrability of group
representations on homogeneous spaces. II. Coherent and quasi-coherent states.
The case of Poincaré group, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, Vol. 55, 1991, pp. 857-890.
[B] G. BOHNKE, Treillis d’ondelettes associés aux groupes de Lorentz, Ann. Inst. H.
Poincaré, Vol. 54, 1991, pp. 245-259.
[DM] M. DUFLO and C. C. MOORE, On the regular representation of a nonunimodular locally compact group, J. Funct. Anal., Vol. 21, 1976, pp. 209-243.
[F] G. B. FOLLAND, Harmonic Analysis in Phase Space, Annals of Mathematics Studies,
Vol. 122, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1989.
l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique
WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (~r. + 2. R) 13
[G] D. GELLER, Spherical harmonics, the Weyl transform and the Fourier transform on the Heisenberg group, Canad. J. Math., Vol. 36, 1984, pp. 615-684.
[H1] HARISH-CHANDRA, Harmonic analysis on real reductive groups I, J. Funct. Anal., Vol. 19, 1975, pp. 104-204.
[H2] HARISH-CHANDRA, Harmonic analysis on real reductive groups II, Inv. Math., Vol. 36, 1976, pp. 1-55.
[H3] HARISH-CHANDRA, Harmonic analysis on real reductive groups III, Ann. of Math.,
Vol. 104, 1976, pp. 127-201.
[HW] C. E. HEIL and D. F. WALNUT, Continuous and discrete wavelet transforms, SIAM Review, Vol. 31, 1989, pp. 628-666.
[K] T. KAWAZOE, A transform on classical bounded symmetric domains associated with a
holomorphic discrete series, Tokyo J. Math., Vol. 12, 1989, pp. 269-297.
[KT] C. KALISA and B. TORRÉSANI,
N-dimensional
affine Weyl-Heisenberg wavelets, Ann.Inst. H. Poincaré, Vol. 59, 1993, pp. 201-236.
[Sa] P. J. SALLY, Analytic Continuation of the Irreducible Unitary Representations of
the Universal Covering Group of
SL (2, R),
Memoirs of A.S.M., 69, American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 1967.[Su] M. SUGIURA, Unitary Representations and Harmonic Analysis, An Introduction, Second Edition, North-Holland/Kodansha, Amsterdam/Tokyo, 1990.
[T1] B. TORRÉSANI, Wavelets associated with representations of the affine Weyl-Heisenberg group, J. Math. Phys., Vol. 32, 1991, pp. 1273-1279.
[T2] B. TORRÉSANI, Time-frequency representation: wavelet packets and optimal decomposition, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, Vol. 56, 1992, pp. 215-234.
[VP] VAN DIJK and M. POEL, The Plancherel formula for the
pseudo-Riemannian
spaceSL(n, R)/GL(n - 1, R),
Comp. Math., Vol. 58, 1986, pp. 371-397.[Wal] N. R. WALLACH, Harmonic Analysis on Homogeneous Spaces, Marcel Dekker,
New York, 1973.
[War] G. WARNER, Harmonic Analysis on Semi-Simple Lie Groups II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1972.
(Manuscript received Februarv 4, 1994;
Revised version received May 2, 1995. )
Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.