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A NNALES DE L ’I. H. P., SECTION A

T AKESHI K AWAZOE

Wavelet transform associated to an induced representation of SL(n + 2, R)

Annales de l’I. H. P., section A, tome 65, n

o

1 (1996), p. 1-13

<http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHPA_1996__65_1_1_0>

© Gauthier-Villars, 1996, tous droits réservés.

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(2)

1

Wavelet transform associated to

an

induced

representation of SL (n + 2, R)

Takeshi KAWAZOE

Department of Mathematics, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohokuku, Yokohama 223, Japan

and

Departement de Mathematiques, Universite de Nancy-I,

54506 Vand0153uvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Ann. Henri Poincare,

Vol. 65, 1,1996,

Physique

theorique

ABSTRACT. - Let G =

SL (n

+

2, R)

and P = a

parabolic subgroup

of G such that N is

isomorphic

to the

Heisenberg

group

Hn .

Let 1 0

e03BB

0 1 be a

representation

of P and 7r,B =

IndGP ( 1

0

e03BB

0

1 )

the

induced

representation

of G

acting

on

L2 ( Hn ) .

In this paper we shall obtain a condition on 03BB

and 03C8

E

s’ (H n)

for which the matrix coefficients

(/? 7TA (~)~)L~(~)

are

square-integrale

on a

subgroup Hn

x R

of G and =

1(1,

for all

/

N A1 /

E

Soit G = SL

(n

+

2, R)

et P = un sous-

groupe

parabolique

de G tel que N soit

isomorphe

a

Hn

Ie

groupe de

Heisenberg.

Soit

10 e~‘

0 1 une

representation

de P

et =

IndGP ( 1

0

e03BB

0

1 )

la

representation

induite de G

qui opere

sur

L2 (Hn ) .

Dans cet article on obtient une condition sur A et

pour que les coefficients de

matrice f, 03C003BB(g)03C8~L2 (Hn)

soient de

carre-integrables

sur un sous-groupe de

= c

/ ~_

/

1 (1,

pour toute

1991, Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 22 E 30; Secondary 42 C 20.

l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique - 0246-0211

Vol. 65/96/01/$ 4.00/@ Gauthier-Villars

(3)

2 T. KAWAZOE

1. INTRODUCTION

Let G be a

locally compact

group and

7-í)

a

representation

of G

where 7-í is a Hilbert space

equipped

with the norm and the inner

product (. , .)7-í.

For a subset S of G with a measure ds on S we say that

1/;

E 7-í is S -admissible for 7T if there exists a

positive

constant c such that

Then 1/;

E 7-í is S -admissible for 7r if and

only, if,

as a functional on

~L,

Clearly, (2) implies (1). Conversely,

we suppose

(1)

and define

Tf :

7-í 2014~ C

by ~(~)-c~/(/,7r(~)~~(7r~)~,~~(~e~).

Then the

Schwarz

inequality yields

that so

Tf

is a bounded

linear functional on 7~.

Therefore,

it follows from Riesz

Representation

Theorem that there exists

.f~ E ~l

such that

Tf (h) _

and

==

Especially, Tf (f) _ (,fo,

Thereby,

+ 0 and

thus,

f

=

f’o.

This proves

(2).

We call

( f. 7r(~)~)

the wavelet

transform

of

f

associated to

(G,

7r,

6’, 1/;)

and

(3)

the inversion formula of the transform. Here we

put Tf (8) == (f,

7r

(s

E

5’).

If 7r is

unitary,

it

satisfies a

partial

covariance:

T~~~l~ ~~,s;~-1 f (sl)

=

S)

and

furthermore,

if S is a

subgroup

of

G,

it is the covariance

property:

We state some well-known

examples

of the wavelet transform in our

scheme. When S =

G,

ds a Haar measure of

G,

and

7-í)

a square-

integrable representation

of

G,

Dufio and Moore

[DM]

find a G-admissible

vector 1/;

E 7-í: for

example,

Gabor transform and Grossmann-Morlet transform

correspond

to a

square-integrable representation

of the

Weyl- Heisenberg

group and the one-dimensional affine group

respectively (cf.

[MW, § 3]),

and a

reproducing

formula for a

weighted Bergman

space on

a bounded

symmetric

domain relates to a

holomorphic

discrete series of a

semisimple

Lie group

[B], [K]).

For another

example

we refer to

[VP].

Let

(G, 77)

be a

semisimple symmetric pair

and

put

S = K A == cr

(G’/77), G/H

-+ G is a flat

section,

ds = and

(7r, ~-~C)

a

square-integrable representation

of G mod H. Then we can find a H - invariant distribution

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique

(4)

WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (n + 2. R) 3

vector 1/;

E for which

( 1 )

and

(2)

hold.

Recently

this idea

"square- integrability

mod H" was

generalized

to some other

pairs ( G, H )

and

non-flat sections 03C3 :

G/H

-+ G:

Ali, Antoine,

and Gazeau

[AAG]

obtain

wavelet transforms associated to the

Wigner representation

of the Poincare

group

~+ ( 1, 1 ),

and Torresani

[T l, 2],

Kalisa and Torresani

[KT]

do to

the Stone-von Neumann

type representation

of the affine

Weyl-Heisenberg

group

In this paper we shall

investigate

a transform associated to a

principal

series

representation

of +

2, R) (n E N).

To

explain

our

goal

we

look at an

example by taking

G =

SL (2, R).

The

holomorphic

discrete

series 03C0n

(n &#x3E; 1/2, n

E

Z)

is realized on

Hn,

here

Hn

is the Hilbert space of

holomorphic

functions on the upper half

plane C+

with inner

product (cjJ, ~2

= r

(2 n - 1) / cjJ (x

+

z?/) ~ (x

+

iy) dy.

Then each

C+

is

square-integrable:

where c is

independent

of n

(cf. [Su, §

10 and

Prop.

7.18 in

Chap. V]) and,

as stated

above,

the inversion formula follows as

where c ==

( 2 n - 1) -I

Let

Hn

be the Hilbert space of functions

on

R+

with inner

product (~, ~~H2

=

22n-l / ~ (t) ~ (t) t-2n+1 dt.

_

JR+

Then the inverse

Fourier-Laplace

transform .~’

gives

an

isometry

of

~

onto

Hn and,

if we

put

= .~ o o

(7r~, H~ )

and

(7r~, ~)

are

unitary equivalent (cf. [Sa,

p.

20]).

In

particular, (3)

and the inversion formula hold

by replacing

7rn and

H~

with

~-n

and

Hn respectively.

Here we

note that ==

( 2 n - provided

that 03A8 is

K-invariant,

and

therefore, by the integral

formula under the Iwasawa

decomposition

G = N AK we can deduce that

Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.

(5)

4 T. KAWAZOE

Now we consider the

limiting

case of n =

1/2:

the limit of discrete series

H21/2)~ (1/2, 21/2). Obviously, (3)

and

(4) collapse

when n goes to

1 /2, because

12 =

(2~ - 1 ) -1 ~!!~2

-~ oo when ~ ~

1 / 2.

However,

if we

drop

the K-invariance of 03A8 and assume

that ~03A8~12

oo

for 03A8 G

21/2,

we can deduce that

Observe that the wavelet transform

($,

is

nothing

but the

affine wavelet transform obtained

by

Grossmann and Morlet

(see § 5).

Moreover,

recall that the limit of discrete series

71-1/2

is

unitary

equivalent

to an irreducible

component

of a reducible

unitary principal

series of

G,

that is denoted

by VI/2, 1/2

in

[Su,

p.

246]. Therefore,

in this

context we can say that the affine wavelet transform

corresponds

to the

limit of discrete series or a reducible

unitary principal

series of 5’L

(2, R).

Our aim is to

generalize

this

correspondance

and to find a transform

which associates to a

principal

series of 5’L

(n

+

2, R).

Let P = M AN be

a

parabolic subgroup

of G such that ~V ~

Hn,

the

Heisenberg

group, and and 03C003BB =

IndGP ( 1

0

e’B

0

1 )

the induced

representation

of G. We

identify

N with

R2n+1

to define

L2 (N),

S

(N), and S’ (N).

Then we shall find a

subgroup

x R of

G, 1/;

E

?’ ( N ) ,

and a A for which

for

all cp

E

S (N).

Of course, since calculation is carried on a

subgroup

N A of

G,

the whole results can be stated without

using

the 9L

(n+2, R)-

scheme.

However,

to

emphasise

the

correspondance

of our transform and

a

principal

series of

G,

we dare to use the S’L

(n

+

2, R)-scheme.

Most

of results in this paper can be

generalized

to the

analytic

continuation of discrete

series, inclusing

the

limiting

case, and to a

principal

series of

semisimple

Lie groups.

They

will appear in

forthcoming

papers.

2. HEISENBERG GROUP

Before

starting

the

representation theory

of G = 6’L

(~+2~ R),

we recall

the one of the

Heisenberg

group

Hn,

to which the

subgroup

N of G is

isomorphic (see §

3

below).

We refer to the

general

references

[F]

and

[G].

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique théorique

(6)

WAVELET TRANSFORM ON + 2. R) 5

Let

Hn = {X

=

( p, q, t);p,q ERn, t

E

R}

denote the

polarized Heisenberg

group with the group law:

n

where xy =

03A3xiyi

for x =

(xi), y = (yi)

E Rn. We observe that

i=1

{(0, 0, t); t

E

R}

is the center of

Hn

and the

Lebesgue

measure

dqdpdt

is an bi-invariant measure dX on

Hn.

The

Schrodinger representation L 2 ( Rn ) )

of

Hn

with

parameter

h E is

given by

Then each ph is irreducible

unitary and, by

Stone-von Neumann

Theorem,

ph

is,

up to

unitary equivalence,

the

only representation

of

Hn

with the

central character

7r(0, 0, t)

==

e203C0ihtI

for h E

R"B{0}.

We define for

ø ~ L1(Hn)

Then,

for

where

Similarly

for a

(p, q)

E

L1 (R~

x

R"z)

=

L1 (R2n)

we define

where 03C10h (p, q) (p,

q,

0).

It is clear that

03C10h (a)

makes sense as an

operator

from S

(R")

to

S’ (Rn)

whenever cx E

S’ (Rz~) (see [F,

Theorem

(1.30)]). For 03C6

E

Lz

the Plancherel formula on is

given

as follows.

where ~ ~ .

denotes the Hilbert-Schmidt norm.

Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.

(7)

6 T. KAWAZOE

3. INDUCED

REPRESENTATION

OF SL

(rt

+ 2

R)

Let G = SL

(~+2, R) and g

= .~

(~+2, R). According

to the process in

[HI, § 6],

we shall define a

parabolic subalgebra p=m+a+n of g,

the

parabolic subgroup

P = MAN of

G,

and an induced

representation

=

IndGP ( 1

0

e03BB

0

1 )

of G.

Let g

= 6 + aa + no be the Iwasawa

decomposition of g

such that

6=~o(~+2),

aa =

{diagonal

matrices in

0},

no =

{lower triangular

matrices

in g

with 0 on the

diagonal}.

Let

Zg (aa)

= mo + a0. When n =

0, 1,

we

put

m = mo, a = a 1 = ao, and n = no, that

is,

p = m + a + n is a minimal

parabolic subalgebra

of

g. In the

following,

we may assume that n

:&#x3E;

2. We define ei : ao -+ R

(1 i ~ n + 2) by

for H =

diag (h1, h2,

...,

hh+2) E

ao,

and

put

cxi = ei+1- ei

(1

i n +

1).

The set of roots of

(g, ao) positive

for no is

given by E = {e~ 2014

ej; i

&#x3E; j}

and the subset

consisting

of

simple

roots is

Eo

=

{0152i;

1 z n +

1}.

For F =

2 ~

i

7z}

we set

V ~

where

~F

=

{0152

E

~; 0}

and ga is the root space

corresponding

to 0152.

Explicitly, they

are of the forms :

where

In

is the n x n unit matrix. Let

Zg (a)

= m+a and

put.p

= m+a+n.

The set of roots of

(g, a) positive

for n is

given by 03A3 ( a) == {03B1~;

a E

E}

where a’" = We set al =

~H

E

a; c~n+1 (H)

=

0}

and

/9 =

~ cx/2,

that

is,

We denote "

by A,

and N

the analytic subgroups

of G

corresponding

to m, a, o and n

respectively.

We define M =

Zk ( a) Mo,

where

Zx ( a)

de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique .

(8)

WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (~a + 2. R) 7

is the centralizer of a in K == SO

(n

+

2),

and

put

P = M AN. We denote

by B

the Cartan involution of G

given by B (g)

=t

g-1 (g E G)

and

put

N =

B (H).

Then it is easy to see that

whose

complement

has Haar measure

0,

where the identification is

given by

We

put

dn =

dX,

da = where dA is the

Lebesgue

measure

on a normalized in such a way

that J f

da

= J f (exp A)

dA

(f

E

Cc(A)),

and

da1

= We normalize the Haar measure dm

on M and c!~ = d8

(n)

on N as the

following integral

formula holds:

for

f

E

C. (G) (see [H2, § 19]).

Let

a~

denote the dual space of the

complexification

Oc of a. For

A E

a~

we

define,

out of the

representation

1 0

e~

0 1 ==

of P = a

representation

of G denoted

by

A dense

subspace

of the

representation

space is

given by consisting

of continuous functions

f

on G such that

with norm =

Moreover,

G acts on as

f (g)

=

f g) G)

and is

unitary

whenever 03BB E i a*.

We observe

that, by restricting f

E to

N,

is identified with

LZ (N, ~2~(~(~)) where g EGis decomposed

under G = K MAN

as g =

kmeH

(9) n, and the action of G is

given by

Vo!.65,n°l-t996.

(9)

8 T. KAWAZOE

where g

EGis

decomposed

under G = N MAN as g = 7z

(g) (g)

7a.

We define

S (N)

=

by

the Schwartz class Then

it follows from Lemma

8.5.23, 27,

and Theorem 8.2.1 in

[War]

that

S(N)

is contained in from

(12)

that

E

N A)

is an

operator

We here define

( f, g)Lz ~-,~;~ = J

for

,f, g

E

7-la.

Since this form is

nondegenerate and

G-invariant on

7-í-X

x

(c/: [Wal, 8.3.11]),

we see that

is an

operator

on

S’ (N). Especially, Tf (8) == (/, 7r~ (s) ~n.~

(s

E

N A)

satisfies the covariance

property: T,;--~,5z~ f

=

Tf (sz 1 sl)

s2 ~

S).

4. MAIN THEOREM

Let P = and

A1 C A

be the

subgroups

of G = SL

(n

+

2, R)

introduced in

paragraph

3. We suppose that

a (p; q)

E

~S’ (RZ")

and

/3 (t)

E

L1 (R) satisfy

the

following

condition: there

exists 03B3 :

R -+ R

such that

where is an

operator

from to

S’ (R n) (see § 2),

I is the

identity operator,

and is the inverse Fourier transform on R. When G ==

SL (2, R),

we

ignore

the function 0152. we set

THEOREM 4.1. - Let

03C803B1,

03B2 be as above and

suppose 03BB|a1

1 =

( n

-I-

1 ) cx i / 2.

Then, ~a,

,~ E

s’ (N)

is N

Al-admissible for

7r,B, that

is,

there exists a

positive

constant c = such that

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique "

(10)

9

WAVELET TRANSFORM ON SL (7a + 2. R)

Proof. -

We first observe from

(8)

and

(9)

that for

f

E S

(N)

Since

A1

=

{as

= E

R}, (A

+ =

(7a

+ and

al (n

+

2)

s, it follows from

(10)

and

(11)

that

and

thereby,

from

(7), ( 11 ),

and

( 14)

that

Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.

(11)

10 T. KAWAZOE

Then,

we can deduce from

( 13) (i)

and

(ii)

that

where c" =

1~(ra

+

2)

and

thus,

5. EXAMPLES

We conclude with some

examples

of

~,/3(p?

q,

t)

=

a (p, satisfying

the condition

( 13) (i)

and

(ii).

In the case of SL

(2, R),

as said

before,

the function

q )

is

ignored,

so the condition

( 13 ) (ii) only

lives out with ’Y == 1:

This condition is

noting

but the admissible condition for the affine wavelet transform on

Lz (R). Actually,

when G = SL

(2, R),

the wavelet transform in

(2)

is of the form:

and

hence,

if we set a == it coincides with the affine wavelet transform

on

L2 (R).

This is

quite

natural because

N A1

is

isomorphic

to the affine

group "ab + b"

(cf. [HW], 3.3).

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré - Physique theorique

(12)

WAVELET TRANSFORM ON 5’L (rz + 2. R) 11

We now suppose that n &#x3E;

1,

and we

give

some

examples

of

0152

(p, q)

E

S’ (R2n) satisfying (13) (i)

and obtain the

function :

R 2014~ R.

(a)

If a

(p, q)

== 8

(p - p0) 03B4 (q - go)

for some po.

q0 ~ R",

it

easily

see

that

ph (a) f (x)

=

e203C0iq0x y

and

(0152) (Rn) ==

Therefore, a (p, q)

satisfies

(13) (i) with ~y

== 1 and hence the condition

on

/?

is the same as in

(15).

o;(p, q)

= where == 1.

Since J

b (:c),

it follows that

p° (~) f (x) - 2"ao(-2~)/((l - 2 ja) :c)

and

Therefore, q)

satisfies

(13) (i) with ~ (h)

==

22’~ 11 - 2

and

(13) (ii)

is of the form:

(c) If a (p, q) =

where

|03B11|

==

1,

then

03C10h(03B1)f(x) =

2 n .~’

[~~ . /] ((1 -

2

h ) ~ )

where

a 1 ( s )

= al

( 2 hx),

so the

function

and the condition on

,Q

are the same as in

(b).

= then from the

formula for the distribution Fourier transform of the Gaussian functions

(cf. [F,

Theorem 2 in

Appendix A] )

it follows that

ph ( a ) f (x )

==

=

Therefore, a ( p, q )

satisfies

( 13 ) (i) with ~(~)

= and hence

( 13 ) (ii)

is

given by

(e)

We now consider the Gaussian functions:

where

A, B,

and C denote n x n real matrices. We set D =t A +

7/2.

If

C = 0 and D is

invertible,

it follows as in

(b)

that

Vol. 65, n° 1-1996.

(13)

12 T. KAWAZOE

On the other

hand,

if C is invertible and

symmetric,

and B =t

D,

it follows as in

(a~

that

where # ( C)

is the number of

positive eigenvalues

of C minus the number

of

negative eigenvalues.

Remark. -

(1)

We note that the process to obtain

ph (cx)

is

exactly

same

as the one used in the

Weyl correspondence

of

pseudodifferential operators (cf. [F, Chap. 2]).

In fact the above calculation of

ph (a)

also follows from

Proposition (2.28)

in

[F] by generalizing

the results for p1 to and

by arranging

the

isomorphism

from the

Heisenberg

group to the

polarized

one.

Especially,

in the case

(e)

the set of

operators ~ (h)-1~2 ph (cx) corresponds

to the range of the

metapletic representation

of

Sp (n, R) (see [F, Chap.

4

and

Chap. 5]).

(2)

We suppose that B = C = 0 and D is invertible in

(e).

Then admissible vectors

03C803B1,03B2

are

M0 A’1-invariant,

where

Ai

is the

analytic subgroup

of G

corresponding

to

a i = {77

E a;

(e.+2 - ( H )

=

0}.

In

general,

if a

(p, q)

is a function

of pq,

then

N A1-admissible

vectors

are

M0 A’1-invariant,

and moreover, if

a (p, q)

is an even function

of pq

and

03B2(t)

is even, then

03C803B1, 03B2

are

M0 A’1-invariant.

(3) Examples

in

paragraph

5 don’t cover the results in

[KT].

In order

to obtain their transforms in our

S L (n

+

2, R)-scheme

we need

deeper analysis

on

1/;.

It will be done in a

forthcoming

paper.

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