Methodological developments in imaging and new physico-chemical understanding of archaeological flax-based textiles from the ancient East (3rd and 2nd millennium BC)

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Methodological developments in imaging and new

physico-chemical understanding of archaeological

flax-based textiles from the ancient East (3rd and 2nd

millennium BC)

Jiayi Li

To cite this version:

Th

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de

doctor

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2019SA

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V031

Methodological developments in imaging

and new physico-chemical understanding

of archaeological flax-based textiles from

the ancient East (3rd and 2nd mill. BC)

Th `ese de doctorat de l’Universit ´e Paris-Saclay pr ´epar ´ee `a l’Universit ´e de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Ecole doctorale n◦_{573 en Sciences des Mat ´eriaux (INTERFACES)}

Sp ´ecialit ´e de doctorat : Les mat ´eriaux innovants et leurs applications

JIAYI

LI

Catherine Breniquet

Professeur, Universit ´e Clermont-Auvergne Pr ´esident et rapporteur Dominique Bernard

Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Rapporteur Lucile Beck

Ing ´enieur-Chercheur, CEA Examinateur

Benoˆıt Mille

Ing ´enieur d’ ´etudes, Minist `ere de la Culture Examinateur Lo¨ıc Bertrand

Assimil ´e Directeur de Recherche, IPANEMA CNRS Directeur de th `ese Alain Lusson

Charg ´e de Recherche, CNRS Co-directeur de th `ese Ariane Thomas

Titre : D ´eveloppements m ´ethodologiques en imagerie et nouvelle appr ´ehension physico-chimique de textiles

arch ´eologiques en lin de l’Orient ancien (3e_{et 2}e_{mill ´enaire av. J.-C.)}

Mots cl ´es : Mat ´eriaux arch ´eologiques, Textiles cellulosiques anciens, Min ´eralisation, Corrosion, Cuivre,

To-mographie de rayons X

R ´esum ´e : Les r ´esidus textiles arch ´eologiques de

l’Orient ancien sont rares. En M ´esopotamie, la plu-part des connaissances sur les textiles proviennent de textes cun ´eiformes. Fabriqu ´es `a partir de fibres animales ou v ´eg ´etales, les textiles sont p ´erissables dans la plupart des environnements arch ´eologiques. Un des principaux processus de pr ´eservation excep-tionnelle de fibres arch ´eologiques implique le contact avec un artefact m ´etallique, ce ph ´enom `ene est ap-pel ´e ⌧min ´eralisation≫. Tr `es peu de travaux ont ´et ´e

consacr ´es `a l’ ´etude approfondie des processus de min ´eralisation des textiles cellulosiques. Ce travail de doctorat a consist ´e `a ´etudier `a multi- ´echelles l’inter-action entre substrat m ´etallique `a base cuivre et tex-tile ancien, `a partir d’ ´echantillons provenant des sites

arch ´eologiques de Gonur-Depe, de Nausharo et de Tello (3e_{et 2}e_{mill ´enaire av. J.-C.). Le travail a permis}

de mettre en place une nouvelle m ´ethodologie d’ima-gerie par microtomographie synchrotron de rayons X semi-quantitative afin de d ´ecrire la composition de ces syst `emes complexes, h ´et ´erog `enes et r ´eactifs en 3D. Ces d ´eveloppements nous ont permis d’appro-fondir la description arch ´eologique de ces textiles et de leur contexte d’enfouissement, en relation avec la question de leur production et de leur usage pass ´es. Nous avons enfin abord ´e la description du syst `eme hybride fibres-produits de corrosion et la pr ´esence de signatures organiques dans ces syst `emes hybrides alt ´er ´es en vue de d ´ecrire les m ´ecanismes `a l’origine de leur pr ´eservation exceptionnelle.

Title : Methodological developments in imaging and new physico-chemical understanding of archaeological

flax-based textiles from the ancient East (3rd and 2nd mill. BC)

Keywords : Archaeological materials, Ancient cellulosic textiles, Mineralization, Corrosion, Copper, X-ray

to-mography

Abstract : Archaeological textile remains from the

ancient East are rare. In Mesopotamia, most of the knowledge about textiles comes from cuneiform texts. Made from animal or vegetable fibres, textiles are per-ishable in most archaeological environments. One of the main processes of exceptional preservation of ar-chaeological fibres involves contact with a metal arte-fact, this phenomenon is called “mineralization”. Very little work has been done on the in-depth study of the mineralization processes of cellulosic textiles. This PhD work consisted of a multi-scale study of the in-teraction between copper-base substrate and ancient textiles, based on samples from the archaeological sites of Gonur-Depe, Nausharo and Tello (3rd and 2nd

millennium BC). The work made it possible to imple-ment a new imaging methodology using synchrotron-based semi-quantitative X-ray microtomography to describe the composition of these complicated, he-terogeneous and reactive systems in 3D. These de-velopments have allowed us to deepen the archaeo-logical description of these textiles and their burial contexts in relation to the question of their produc-tion and use in past times. Finally, we discussed the description of the hybrid system of fibre-corrosion pro-ducts and the presence of organic signatures in these altered hybrid systems in order to describe the me-chanisms underlying their exceptional preservation.

Universit ´e Paris-Saclay

Espace Technologique / Immeuble Discovery

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KBMû`HBbûb-tBt

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*2 KMmb+`Bi /2 i?ĕb2 +QMiB2Mi e +?TBi`2bX

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tt

7Qm`MBi /2b BM/B+2b 2bb2MiB2Hb bm` H2b T`Q+2bbmb /2 +Q``QbBQM ¨ HQM; i2`K2X G2b T?b2b KD2m`2b 2i KBM2m`2b bQMi B/2MiB}û2b T` mM2 ûpHmiBQM b2KB@[mMiBiiBp2 /2b +Q2{@ +B2Mib /ǶiiûMmiBQM 2M miBHBbMi mM 7Bb+2m /2 `vQMb s TQHv+?`QKiB[m2X .2b T?b2b BMBiBH2K2Mi MQM Q#b2`pû2b bQMi B/2MiB}û2b ;`+2 m i`Bi2K2Mi biiBbiB[m2 /2b BK;2bX G’ BMi2`T`ûiiBQM /2 H /Bbi`B#miBQM /2 +2b T?b2b 2bi /Bb+miû2X lM2 #QMM2 +Q``ûHiBQM 2Mi`2 H2b T?b2b /2 +Q``QbBQM B/2MiB}û2b T` ƒ*h 2i T` J1"@1.a UBMpbB7V 2bi /ûKQMi`û2X Pmi`2 H bi`iB;`T?B2 /2b +QKTQbûb /2 +Q``QbBQM /m +mBp`2- H2b p`BiBQMb Q#b2`pû2b /Mb H2b +Q2{+B2Mib /ǶiiûMmiBQM /2b T?b2b *mUAV bQMi 2tKBMû2b 2i /Bb+miû2bX .2b T`2mp2b TQm` HǶQ#b2`piBQM MQM@BMpbBp2 /2 T?b2b `TB/2K2Mi KQ/B}û2b HQ`b /2 H T`ûT`iBQM /2 +QmT2b i`Mbp2`bH2b bQMi 7Qm`MB2bX *2ii2 Kûi?Q/2 T2mi āi`2 TTHB[mû2 HQ`b[m2 H T`ûT`iBQM /2 +QmT2 i`Mbp2`bH2- KāK2 /2 7`;K2Mib KBMmb+mH2b- 2bi BKTQbbB#H2X

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ttB

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R

AMi`Q/m+iBQM

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RXR  #`B27 bmKK`v Q7 M+B2Mi i2tiBH2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j

RXRXR 6H2tB#H2 M/ p`B2iv Q7 mb2b Q7 i2tiBH2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j

RXRXk  ``2 M/ T`2+BQmb Ki2`BH `2+Q`/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9

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RXk `+?2QHQ;B+H i2tiBH2 `2KBMb 7`QK i?2 J2bQTQiKBM M/

i?2 AM/mb `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d

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RXj S?vbB+Q@+?2KBbi`v Q7 +2HHmHQbB+ i2tiBH2b, #bi }#`2b X X X X X X X ky

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j

RXR  #`B27 bmKK`v Q7 M+B2Mi i2tiBH2b

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RXRXR 6H2tB#H2 M/ p`B2iv Q7 mb2b Q7 i2tiBH2b

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RX9VX

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MQr/vb-9

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RXRXk  ``2 M/ T`2+BQmb Ki2`BH `2+Q`/

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8

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