Les granites écrasés de l'arête Sackhorn-Grand-Hockenhorn (Lötschental)

(1)

Article

Reference

Les granites écrasés de l'arête Sackhorn-Grand-Hockenhorn (Lötschental)

GYSIN, Marcel

GYSIN, Marcel. Les granites écrasés de l'arête Sackhorn-Grand-Hockenhorn (Lötschental).

Compte rendu des séances de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 1947, vol. 64, no. 2, p. 51-55

DOI : 10.5169/seals-742279

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:150296

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

VWUXFWXUH ^OD VpULFLWLVDWLRQ DYDQFpH GHV SODJLRFODVHV HW ODOWpUD

WLRQ

^GH OD

ELRWLWH

GH OD ODPH SURYLHQQHQW FHUWDLQHPHQW GH

OpFUDVHPHQW ^GHV JUDQLWHV 3RXU ^FHV UDLVRQV RQ SHXW DGPHWWUH TXH OD ODPH GX *UDQG+RFNHQKRUQ D ELHQ pWp SUpOHYpH DX VRXEDVVHPHQW JUDQLWLTXH ^GH ^*DVWHUQ

4XDQW DX PDWpULHO FRQVWLWXDQW ^OHV ^FRLQV FULVWDLLLQV ^REVHUYpV _XQ SHX ^j

O(VW

^GH ^OD ODPH

LO

^HVW ^{IRUPp GXQH} URFKH JULV MDXQkWUH WUqV ILQHPHQW TXDUW]LWLTXH SUHVTXH FRPSDFWH ^VRXV ÔH PLFURV FRSH FHWWH URFKH RIIUH XQH EHOOH VWUXFWXUH SRUSK\ULTXH /D FRXSH PLQFH PRQWUH^GHV SKpQRFULVWDX[ ^GH TXDUW] HW ^GH IHOGVSDWK SRWDVVLTXH XQ SHX ILVVXUpV GLVVpPLQpV GDQV XQH SkWH IHOVLWLTXH TXDUW]RIHOGVSDWKLTXH SDUVHPpH ^GH ILQHV pFDLOOHV GH VpULFLWH 3DU _SODFHV OH TXDUW] ÎRUPH ^GHV DJUpJDWV pWRLOpV HW ^GHV YHLQXOHV ILQHPHQW _JUHQXHV OD SUpSDUDWLRQ FRQWLHQW ^DXVVL ^GHV ÛXEDQV pFDLOOHX[ GH VpULFLWH ^GH JUDQGV SODJLRFODVHV VpULFLWLVpV ^GH PLQXV FXOHV SULVPHV ^GH ]LUFRQ HW ^GHV GpEULV ODPHOODLUHV ^GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQ FODLU &HWWH URFKH HVW DQDORJXH ^j FHUWDLQV I0DW]SRUS0UHV GX PDVVLI GH *DVWHUQ QRWDPPHQW ^j FHX[ REVHUYpV DX 6DWWHOHJL

0DUFHO *\VLQ ² /HV JUDQLWHV ^pFUDVpV ^GH ODUrWH pLDF0RUD

*UDQGIRFIFHQLRUQ I/|-VF$HQWROM

/H 6DFNKRUQ HVW UHOLp j OpSDXOHPHQW ^GX *UDQG+RFNHQKRUQ SDU XQH DUrWH URFKHXVH pWURLWH ^KpULVVpH ^GH ^GHQWV ^DLJXsV ^(Q

MXLOOHW

^QRXV ^DYRQV ^HX ^ORFFDVLRQ ^GH SDUFRXULU FHWWH DUrWH DYHF (G 3DUpMDV HW GHQ pWXGLHU OD FRQVWLWXWLRQ

/DUrWH HVW IRUPpH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW ^GH JUDQLWHV ^GH ^*DVWHUQ SOXV RX PRLQV pFUDVpV OH GHJUp GpFUDVHPHQW YDULH IRUWHPHQW GXQ SRLQW ^j XQ DXWUH ^OHV JUDQLWHV ^OHV SOXV ^pFUDVpV ^VH

WURXYDQW

^GDQV

OHV GpSUHVVLRQV

3RXU IL[HU OH GHJUp GpFUDVHPHQW GHV JUDQLWHV QRXV DYRQV XWLOLVp OpFKHOOH VXLYDQWH

'HJUp 'pIRUPDWLRQV _PpFDQLTXHV LQVLJQLILDQWHV

'HJUp 4XDUW] ILVVXUp ^j H[WLQFWLRQV RQGXOHXVHV DOELWH XQ SHX VpULFLWLVpH

(3)

6e$1&( '8 -8,1

'HJUp 4XDUW] IRUWHPHQW GLVORTXp SDVVDQW SDU HQGURLWV ^j XQH SXUpH GpFUDVHPHQW DOELWH HQ YRLH GH VpULFLWLVD WLRQ SUpVHQWDQW ^GHV ^ODPHOOHV ^GH PDFOH FRXUEHV RUWKRVH ILVVXUpH SDUIRLV IUDJPHQWpH

ELRWLWH

pWLUpH FKLIIRQQpH SOXV RX PRLQV GpFRPSRVpH

'HJUp 4XDUW] UpGXLW HQ IUDJPHQWV HVTXLOOHX[ ^HW ^HQ SXUpH FDWDFODVWLTXH ^RUWKRVH IRUWHPHQW _IUDJPHQWpH DOELWH GpIRUPpH HW VpULFLWLVpH ELRWLWH GpFKLTXHWpH HW GpFRPSRVpH

'HJUp )UDJPHQWV HVTXLOOHX[ ^GH TXDUW] ^HW GRUWKRVH HQUREpV GDQV XQH PDVVH VFKLVWHXVH TXDUW]RVpULFLWLTXH /HV pFKDQWLOORQV UHFXHLOOLV _{DX FRXUV} GH QRWUH WUDYHUVpH SUp VHQWHQW ^OHV FDUDFWqUHV VXLYDQWV

(F$DQIL==RUH $X SLHG ^GH ODUrWH 6XG GH OD SUHPLqUH GHQW DX 6: GX 6DFNKRUQ ^j OD FRWH

$

O°LO _QX _JUDQLWp ^j PLFD EUXQ ⁶ 0 URFKH JURVVLqUHPHQW JUHQXH IRUPpH ^GH TXDUW] XQ _SHX RQGXOHX[ GDOELWH PDFOpH XQ SHX VpULFLWLVpH GRUWKRVH EUXQkWUH ^ILQHPHQW WDFKHWpH HW ^GH EHOOHV ODPHOOHV GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH SDUWLHOOHPHQW OHVVLYpH RX FKORUL WLVpH 'HJUp GpFUDVHPHQW

(F$DZW===RQ %UqFKH VLWXpH HQWUH ^OH VRPPHW SULQFLSDO ^GX 6DFNKRUQ HW OD SUHPLqUH GHQW DX 6: GX VRPPHW

5RFKH JULVkWUH RIIUDQW ODSSDUHQFH GXQH SURWRJLQH ⁶ 0 URFKH FDWDFODVWLTXH ^IRUPpH ^GH JUDLQV FUDTXHOpV ^GH TXDUW] ^WUqV RQGXOHX[ SDVVDQW ^j XQH SXUpH GpFUDVHPHQW ^GH ^VHFWLRQV IUDJ PHQWpHV GDOELWH PDFOpH HW IRUWHPHQW VpULFLWLVpH ^GH ODUJHV SODJHV IUDFWXUpHV GRUWKRVH SHUWKLWLTXH EUXQkWUH ^PDFOpH ^VHORQ

&DUOVEDG HW GH JUDQGHV ODPHOOHV SOLVVRWWpHV ^GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH OHVVLYpH RX FKORULWLVpH 3HWLWHV SODJHV ^GH FDUERQDWH ' (F$D©L==P

L

^%UqFKH DX 6: ^GH OD SUHPLqUH GHQW

5RFKH JQHLVVLTXH JULVYHUW SDUDLVVDQW IRUWHPHQW ^pFUDVpH

6 0 ^URFKH P\ORQLWLTXH ^IRUPpH ^GH JUDLQV ^GH TXDUW] GLVORTXpV HW WUqV RQGXOHX[ ^GH SODJHV IUDJPHQWpHV GRUWKRVH HW ^GH ODPHOOHV GpFKLTXHWpHV ^GH ELRWLWH GpFRORUpH FHV pOpPHQWV pWDQW ^HQUREpV

GDQV XQH PDVVH TXDUW]RVpULFLWLTXH XQ SHX VFKLVWHXVH ^'

(4)

8F$WWUH=L==RQ 'HQW GRPLQDQW DX 1( OD 0lUYLJOFNH

*UDQLWH j PLFD EUXQ ⁶ 0 URFKH JUHQXH XQ SHX ^pFUDVpH HW VpULFLWLVpH ÎRUPpH ^GH JUDLQV FUDTXHOpV ^GH TXDUW] GH JURVVHV SODJHV ÎLVVXUpHV GRUWKRVH HW ^GH JUDQGHV VHFWLRQV GDOELWH PDFOpH WUDYHUVpHV SDU XQ ÛpVHDX ^GH VpULFLWH HW ^GH FDUERQDWH RQ REVHUYH DXVVL GH EHOOHV ODPHOOHV GH

ELRWLWH

_EUXQH OHVVLYpH RX FKORULWLVpH DYHF ^GH ^ILQHV LQFOXVLRQV GDSDWLWH ^'

B(FvD©WL==RZ 0lUYLJOFNH

3URWRJLQH XQ SHX VFKLVWHXVH ⁶ 0 ^URFKH ^pFUDVpH ^IRUPpH ^GH JUDLQV ^GH TXDUW] GLVORTXpV HW WUqV RQGXOHX[ ^GH JURVVHV VHFWLRQV GRUWKRVH SHUWKLWLTXH ^GH SODJHV SOXV RX PRLQV IUDJPHQWpHV GDOELWH HQ YRLH GH VpULFLWLVDWLRQ HW GH ODPHOOHV SOLVVRWWpHV ^GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH OHVVLYpH RX FKORULWLVpH 8Q UpVHDX GH VpULFLWH HW ^GH TXDUW] ^ILQHPHQW ^©IHOVLWLTXH ^ª ^HQUREH ^OHV IUDJPHQWV ^GH TXDUW]

HW GH IHOGVSDWK ^'

(FLDQWL==RUW A =RQH ODPLQpH j TXHOTXHV PqWUHV _DX 6: ^GH OD 0lUYLJOFNH

5RFKH WUqV VFKLVWHXVH JODQGXOHXVH IULDEOH ^GH ^FRXOHXU JULV URVp ⁶ 0 IUDJPHQWV ^GH TXDUW] ^WUqV ^RQGXOHX[ ^HW GRUWKRVH SHU

WKLWLTXH

GLVVpPLQpV GDQV XQH PDVVH VpULFLWLTXH FRQWHQDQW ^GHV UHOLTXDWV GDOELWH ^GHV JUDLQV ^GH FDUERQDWH HW ^GHV IHXLOOHWV ^GH

ELRWLWH

^OHVVLYpH HW VpULFLWLVpH '

(FQP====RUF %UqFKH DX 1( ^GH OD GHUQLqUH GHQW DYDQW ^OH

3RLQW

5RFKH VFKLVWHXVH JULVkWUH XQ SHX JODQGXOHXVH ⁶ 0 ^URFKH P\ORQLWLTXH ^VFKLVWHXVH ^IRUPpH ^GH UXEDQV SDUDOOqOHV ^GH VpULFLWH ILQHPHQW pFDLOOHXVH HQUREDQW ^GH _JUDQGHV SODJHV GRUWKRVH SHU

WKLWLTXH

^GH SOXV UDUHV JUDLQV GDOELWH PDFOpH IRUWHPHQW ^VpUL FLWLVpH HW ^GHV ODPHOOHV pWLUpHV HW SOLVVRWWpHV ^GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH HQWLqUHPHQW OHVVLYpH HW FKORULWLVpH ^DVVRFLpH ^j ^GHV ^FDUERQDWHV ILEUHX[ ^'

(F=QP=L==RQ (SDXOHPHQW 1( GX *UDQG+RFNHQKRUQ 5RFKH JULVYHUW RIIUDQW ODSSDUHQFH GXQH SURWRJLQH ⁶ 0 URFKH JUHQXH IRUPpH ^GH TXDUW] XQ SHX RQGXOHX[ GRUWKRVH

(5)

6e$1&( '8 -8,1

SHUWKLWLTXH GDOELWH ^PDFOpH IRUWHPHQW VpULFLWLVpH HW GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH SDUWLHOOHPHQW OHVVLYpH RX FKORULWLVpH /D SUpSDUDWLRQ FRQWLHQW ^GHV YHLQHV GH FDUERQDWH '

(F$DQ8LLRQ 0rPH RULJLQH QXDJHV DSOLWLTXHV ^{GDQV OHV} JUD QLWHV

5RFKH VDFFKDURwGH JULVEODQF ILQHPHQW SRUSK\ULTXH ⁶ 0 QRPEUHX[ SHWLWV SKpQRFULVWDX[ ^GH TXDUW] GRUWKRVH HW GDOELWH PDFOpH HQUREpV ^GDQV XQH PDVVH TXDUW]RIHOGVSDWKLTXH JUD QRSK\ULTXH SDUIRLV ^pWRLOpH RX ILEURUDGLpH UHQIHUPDQW ^GHV PRXFKHWV GH FKORULWH HW ^GH VpULFLWH ^'

$SOLWH

SRUSK\ULTXH JUDQRSK\ULTXH

/RUWKRVH GH FHV JUDQLWHV ^VH SODFH HQWUH ^OH W\SH ^QRUPDO ^{HW OH} W\SH ^VRGLIqUH /DQJOH ^GHV D[HV RSWLTXHV YDULH ^GH ² ^j ² /H WDEOHDX ^FLGHVVRXV UpFDSLWXOH ^OHV UpVXOWDWV ^GHV _PHVXUHV SODQLPpWULTXHV OHV PDVVHV VpULFLWLTXHV RQW ^pWp FRPSWpHV FRPPH DOELWH

3

[

SODJLRFODVH VRPPH ^GHV IHOGVSDWKV

4

[

TXDUW] ^VRPPH ^GHV PLQpUDX[ EODQFV ' GHJUp GpFUDVHPHQW

1 pFK RU^WKRVH

_R

DOELWH^R^R TXDUW] ELRWLWH ³ ⁴ ^'

L

&RQFLVLRQV

/HV JUDQLWHV ^pFUDVpV ^GH ODUrWH 6DFNKRUQ*UDQG+RFNHQKRUQ SUpVHQWHQW ^GHVFDUDFWqUHV DQDORJXHV ^j FHX[ ^GHV JUDQLWHV QRUPDX[

GH *DVWHUQ PLV j SDUW ^OHV PRGLILFDWLRQV GXHV j OpFUDVHPHQW

0 *\VLQ ^/HV JUDQLWHV UID DFF$RP I/|WHHLHUHLD* ^& 5 VpDQFHV 6RF 3K\V HW +LVW QDW *HQqYH YRO

(6)

,OV FRQWLHQQHQW GH j ^GH

ELRWLWH

HW ^GH j ^GH TXDUW]

/DOELWH

^VRXYHQW HQWLqUHPHQW VpULFLWLVpH ^HVW XQ SHX SOXV DERQGDQWH _TXH ORUWKRVH ^OH IDFWHXU ³

YDULDQW

^GH j 7RXWHIRLV

LO

^VHPEOH TXH OpFUDVHPHQW D HX SRXU FRQVpTXHQFH XQH GLPLQXWLRQ GH OD WHQHXU HQ RUWKRVH ÔH IDFWHXU 3 pWDQW HQ PR\HQQH ^GH SRXU ÔHV JUDQLWHV ^GH SRXU ÔHV JUDQLWHV HW ^GH SRXU ÔHV JUDQLWHV

,O

^HVW ^SRVVLEOH TXH FHWWH GLPLQX

WLRQ

VRLW _SOXV DSSDUHQWH TXH UpHOOH HW _TXH OD IUDJPHQWDWLRQ ^GX IHOGVSDWK SRWDVVLTXH DLW HX SRXU ^{HIIHW XQH} VRXVHVWLPDWLRQ GH

OD TXDQWLWp ^GRUWKRVH ^GDQV ^OHV PHVXUHV SODQLPpWULTXHV GDXWUH SDUW ^OH ^QRPEUH

OLPLWp

^GHV FRXSHV SODQLPpWUpHV DPRLQGULW FHUWDLQHPHQW OD VLJQLILFDWLRQ ^GHV PR\HQQHV

GH

/DERUDWRLUH ^WH 0WpUDLRJOH

0DUFHO *\VLQ

²

/HV JUDQLWHV GD 1DF0RUD I/|WHF$HQLD=M

$X _FRXUV GXQH H[FXUVLRQ _DX 6DFNKRUQ DYHF /: &ROOHW HW (G 3DUpMDVHQ

MXLOOHW

^{QRXV DYRQV} ^UHFXHLOOL ^GHV pFKDQWLOORQV

GH URFKHV JUDQLWLTXHV DSSDUWHQDQW ^DX PDVVLI ^GH *DVWHUQ GDXWUH SDUW /: ^&ROOHW ^D ^PLV ^j QRWUH GLVSRVLWLRQ GHX[ pFKDQWLOORQV ^GH JUDQLWH UHFXHLOOLV ^j O(OZHUWlWVFK HQWUH ^OH 6DFNKRUQ HW OH %LUJ KRUQ _{1RXV DYRQV} pWXGLp FHV GLYHUVHV URFKHV _{HQ FRXSHV} PLQFHV HW QRXV GpVLURQV H[SRVHU ^FLGHVVRXV ^OHV UpVXOWDWV GH QRWUH ^pWXGH /F$DQWHLLRQ 3LHG 6XG GH O(OZHUWlWVFK

5RFKH DVVH] ILQHPHQW JUHQXH JQHLVVLTXH ^pFUDVpH IRUPpH GH

TXDUW] FDWDFODVWLTXH GRUWKRVH EUXQkWUH GDOELWH ^j UHIOHWV URX JHkWUHV HW ^GH

ELRWLWH

EUXQH OHVVLYpH SDUWLHOOHPHQW ÛHPSODFpH SDU ^XQH PXVFRYLWH VpULFLWHXVH DYHF LQFOXVLRQV GH ]LUFRQ ^/HV ODPHOOHV GH PLFD VRQW WRUGXHV ÎURLVVpHV ÔHV ^FDVVXUHV ^GHV PLQp UDX[ ^VRQW UHPSOLHV ^GH VpULFLWH HW ^GH FDUERQDWH

/FbDQWH==RLL 3LHG 6XG GH O(OZHUWlWVFK

5RFKH JUHQXH JULVYHUW GDVSHFW JUDQLWLTXH ^PDLV ^DVVH] IRUWH PHQW pFUDVpH IRUPpH GH TXDUW] WUqV RQGXOHX[ GRUWKRVH [pQR PRUSKH UHQIHUPDQW ^GHV LQFOXVLRQV GDOELWH ^GH SODJLRFODVH

Les granites écrasés de l&#039;arête Sackhorn-Grand-Hockenhorn (Lötschental)

Article

Reference