• Aucun résultat trouvé

Architecture of Early Bronze Age huts in the protohistoric settlement of Nola (Croce del Papa area - Naples - Italy)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Architecture of Early Bronze Age huts in the protohistoric settlement of Nola (Croce del Papa area - Naples - Italy)"

Copied!
2
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-01584555

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01584555

Submitted on 18 Sep 2017

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Architecture of Early Bronze Age huts in the

protohistoric settlement of Nola (Croce del Papa area - Naples - Italy)

Emilio Castaldo, Claude Albore Livadie, Daniela Citro

To cite this version:

Emilio Castaldo, Claude Albore Livadie, Daniela Citro. Architecture of Early Bronze Age huts in the protohistoric settlement of Nola (Croce del Papa area - Naples - Italy) . 23rd EAA Annual Meeting, Aug 2017, Maastricht, Netherlands. �hal-01584555�

(2)

T h e d is co v e ry o f N o la s e tt le m e n t (2 0 0 1 ) is t h e s ta rt in g p o in t fo r th e s tu d y o f th e E a rl y B ro n ze A g e a rc h it e ct u re , e sp e ci a ll y f o r th e r e ct a n g u la r ty p e w it h a p se “ re tt a n g lo la re a b si d a - ta ” in t h e C a m p a n ia p la n e . A n a sh c a st ( 1 ) o f th e h o u si n g s tr u ct u re s w a s p ro d u ce d b y t h e V e su v io d u ri n g t h e f in a l su rg e o f th e s o c a ll e d “ A v e ll in o P u m ic e ” e ru p ti o n ( 3 5 5 0 ± 2 0 c a l. B P, X X -X IX s e co lo a .C .) w h ic h a cc u ra te ly p re se rv e d t h e m a jo ri ty o f th e a rc h it e ct u ra l a n d t e ch n i- ca l d e ta il s u se d d u ri n g t h e h u ts c o n st ru ct io n . In N o la , th e s tu d y o f th e se c a st s co n fi rm e d b o th t h e h ig h t e ch n o lo g ic a l ca rp e n tr y k n o w h o w a n d t h e s u rp ri si n g a b il it y i n e m p ir ic a l ca lc u - la ti o n s a p p li e d t o t h e l o n g it u d in a l o ri e n ta ti o n o f th e h u t’ s a x is , t o t h e i n cl in a ti o n o f th e r o o f’ s b ri m s, t o t h e d ia m e te rs o f th e e ss e n ti a l p il la rs a n d , a b o v e a ll , to t h e e x tr a o rd in a ry m e tr ic p ro p o rt io n s a m o n g t h e m . T h e s iz e a n a ly si s re v e a le d a c o m m o n g e n e ra l m e tr ic p a tt e rn u se d fo r th e c o n st ru ct io n o f th e h o u si n g s tr u ct u re s a n d a p re ci se c o rr e sp o n d e n ce b e tw e e n t h e se u n it s a n d t h o se u se d d u ri n g t h e r o m a n p e ri o d . A s fo r th e c o m p le x w o o d s tr u ct u re : th e l o a d - b e a ri n g s tr u ct u re w a s m a d e b y a l in e o f a x ia l p o le s ( 2 ), v a ry in g i n n u m b e r a cc o rd in g t o h u t’ s le n g th , a n d l o ca te d a t a n a v e ra g e d is ta n ce o f 4 ,1 7 m e te rs . T h e se p o le s w e re s e t in h o le s o f a ro u n d 6 0 -8 0 c e n ti m e te rs i n d e p th , a n d e a rt h e d u p , o cc a si o n a ll y w it h c o n si d e ra b ly s m a ll e r p o le s. I n s tr u ct u re 2 ( 3 ), a w id th o f 4 ,5 0 m e te rs ( 1 5 f e e t) w a s u se d a s b a si c m o d u le w h e re a s th e a p se d e p th t h a t co rr e sp o n d e d t o t h e r a d iu s o f cu rv a tu re , w a s 2 ,2 0 m e te rs , i. e . 7 f e e t (a b o u t h a lf o f th e w id th ). A x ia l p o le s w e re l in k e d o n t o p b y a r id g e b e a m w h ic h i n o rd e r to a v o id t h e s h if ti n g w a s p ro b a b ly l o ca te d i n h o ll o w s si tu a te d i n t h e e x tr e m e u p p e r p a rt a n d a n ch o re d t o t h e p il la rs w it h r o p e s o r w o o d r o d s. A m o rt is e -a n d -t e n o n j o in t, u n co v e re d i n h u t 4 d u ri n g t h e e x ca v a ti o n o f th e c o ll a p se d r o o f a n d w a ll s, s e a m s to v a li d a te t h is h y p o th e si s ( 4 ). P o le s in d if fe re n t sh a p e s a n d d ia m e te rs w e re a cc o m m o d a te d a lo n g t h e i n te rn a l h u t p e ri m e - te r a n d w e re v is ib le fo r a b o u t 1 / 3 o f th e g e n e ra l h e ig h t o f th e st ru ct u re s; th e y w e re 1 ,2 0 / 1 ,3 0 m e te rs e q u id is ta n t (a b o u t 4 f e e t) a n d w e re r o o te d t o t h e g ro u n d a t a b o u t 4 0 c e n ti - m e te rs d e p th w it h a l a te ra l jo in t to l o ca te t h e b e n ch b e a m . S p a ce s b e tw e e n p e ri m e te r p o le s w e re c lo se d b y i n fi ll -w a ll s m a d e b y b ra n ch e s (a ro u n d 2 c e n ti m e te rs i n d ia m e te rs ) h o ri zo n - ta ll y a rr a n g e d a n d c o n n e ct e d t o t h e i n te rn a l p e ri m e te r lo a d -b e a ri n g s tr u ct u re b y a r a d ia l sy st e m o f m o d u le s se cu re d t o t h e p il la rs w it h r o p e s ( 5 ). S tr u ct u re 4 ( re p li ca te d o n r e a l sc a le a t th e A rc h a e o lo g ic a l a n d V u lc a n o lo g ic a l P a rk o f S a n P a o lo B e ls it o - N a p le s) , sh o w s th e p a rt a d d e d t o t h e o ri g in a l o n e , a s o rt o f co v e re d p a ti o w h e re t h e i n fi ll -w a ll i s m a d e o f sh o o ts in te rl a ce d w it h v e rt ic a l p ic k e ts w h ic h a re i n se rt e d i n t h e p e ri m e te r lo a d -b e a ri n g p il la rs in te rs ti ce s ( 6 , 7 ). C lo si n g p a n e ls w e re c a re fu ll y m a d e t o a v o id h e a t d is p e rs io n ; to g e th e r w it h th e r o o f- w a ll s tr u ct u re , th e y c re a te d a c a v it y / a ir -s p a ce w h ic h i so la te d t h e i n si d e f ro m t h e o u ts id e a n d w o rk e d a s a c o o li n g s y st e m d u ri n g s u m m e r ti m e . M o st l ik e ly , to i n cr e a se t h e in su la ti o n , a s o rt o f p la st e r m a d e b y a t h in l a y e r o f cl a y w a s a d d e d a s d o cu m e n te d b y s tr u ct u - re 4 e xc a v a ti o n . E x te rn a ll y, t h e i n fi ll -w a ll s w e re e a rt h e d u p b y a b a n q u e tt e s li g h tl y s h o e sh a p e d , 1 0 -1 2 c e n ti m e te rs t h ic k a n d 2 f e e t la rg e , d e p e n d in g o n t h e r o o f- w a ll i n cl in a ti o n , t h a t a v o id e d t h e r a in -w a te r co m in g f ro m t h e r o o f to l e a k i n t h e h o u si n g s tr u ct u re ( 8 ). T h e e x te r- n a l e d g e o f th e b a n q u e tt e , u p li ft e d f ro m t h e g ro u n d l in e , w a s b ru sh e d b y t h e r o o f- w a ll p o le s w h ic h a ll o w e d t h e h u t th a tc h in g t o e x te n d t o t h e g ro u n d . T h e r o o f- w a ll s tr u ct u re w a s m a d e b y r e cl in e d p o le s, o r fa ls e r o o f ra ft e rs , a b o u t 6 -8 c e n ti m e te rs i n d ia m e te rs ( 4 ,5 i n ch e s) , m o st li k e ly a n ch o re d t o t h e r id g e b e a m a n d t o t h e c o ll a r b ra ce w it h r o p e s; t h e se p o le s w e re l o ca - te d 4 4 c e n ti m e te rs ( 1 r o m a n c u b it ) fr o m o n e a n o th e r a n d h o ri zo n ta ll y j o in te d b y p u rl in s (a b o u t 3 c e n ti m e te rs d ia m e te rs ) e q u id is ta n t 2 2 c e n ti m e te rs ( ro m a n p a lm u s m a jo r ) so t h a t a d e n se r e ct a n g u la r la tt ic e w a s m a d e i n o rd e r to a v o id t h e r o o f b u n d le f ro m b a n d in g ( 9 , 1 0 ). T h e r e su lt in g d o u b le p it ch e d r o o f st ru ct u re g a v e a g re a t ri g id it y a n d c o m p a ct n e ss t o t h e w o o d f ra m e w o rk a n d h a d t h e f u n ct io n o f d is tr ib u ti n g l o a d s a n d a b so rb in g t h e w in d s tr e ss b y tr a n sf e rr in g i t to t h e l o a d -b e a ri n g s tr u ct u re . T h e t h a tc h e d r o o f, m a d e o f m a t- ru sh e s, s w a m p re e d s ( P h ra g m en ti s a u st ra li s ) o r w h e a t st e a m s h a d g o o d i n su la ti n g p ro p e rt ie s: i t w a s w a te r- p ro o f, i t p ro te ct e d t h e h o u si n g c a b in a n d i t g u a ra n te e d o p ti m a l m ic ro cl im a te c o n d it io n s in si d e t h e s tr u ct u re . T h e s h e a v e s w e re a cc u ra te ly c o m p a ct e d s o t h a t sp a ce s b e tw e e n t h e s te - a m s w e re r e d u ce d a n d t h e y w e re g ro u p e d i n b u n d le s o f a t le a st 2 3 c e n ti m e te rs t h ic k s in ce th is p ro ce ss w a s e ss e n ti a l fo r th e r o o f g o o d w a te rp ro o f p ro p ri e ti e s ( 1 1 , 1 2 ). T h e s h e a v e s w e re b lo ck e d o n t h e o u ts id e b y t h e p re ss u re o f a b a tt e n , lo ca te d a t a p p ro x im a te ly o n e t h ir d o f th e h e ig h t to a v o id t h e m f ro m b e in g l if te d b y t h e w in d ( 1 3 ).

A rc h it e c tu re o f E a rl y B ro n z e A g e h u ts i n t h e p ro to h is to r ic s e tt le m e n t o f N o la (C ro c e d e l P a p a a re a - N a p le s - It a ly ) A rc h . E m il io C a s ta ld o 1 , C la u d e A lb o re L iv a d ie 2 , D a n ie la C it ro 3

1 External Associate Superintendence Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the Naples Metropolitan Area(Italy);2 Emeritus Research Director Centre Camille Jullian. UMR 7299 (Aix en Provence - France);3 Free-lance archaeologist for the Superintendence Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the Naples Metropolitan Area (Italy)

*

1 2 3 4 N o la C ro ce d el P a p a . S tr u ct u re 4 a sh c a st L o n g it u d in a l vi ew o f th e a xi a l p o le ’s h o ll o w s fr o m s tr u ct . 4 S tr u ct u re 2 ( b a se m o d u le m et er s 7 x4 .5 0 x3 .7 5 ) H u t 4 l o a d -b ea ri n g s tr u ct u re p la n w it h m o rt is e- a n d -t en o n j o in t 5 6 7 8 B u il d in g d et a il o f in fi ll -w a ll s a n ch o ri n g M a k in g o f p er im et er w a ll s w it h i n te rl a ce d s h o o ts (P a rk o f S a n P a o lo B el si to ) N a tu ra l ca st o f p er im et er w a ll s P er im et er b a n q u et te w it h r ec li n ed p o le h o le s, a t th e b a se o f th e st ru ct u re s 9 10 11 N a tu ra l ca st o f th e re cl in ed p o le s a n d o f th e h o ri zo n ta l b a tt en s o f th e ro o f- w a ll M a k in g o f th e ro o f- w a ll i n h u t 4 r ep li ca (P a rk o f S a n P a o lo B el si to ) N a tu ra l ca st o f th e sw a m p r ee d s co v er in g M a k in g o f th e co v er in g i n h u t 4 r ep li ca (P a rk o f S a n P a o lo B el si to )

12 13 R o o f b a tt en p la ce m en t (P a rk o f S a n P a o lo B el si to )

References: C. Albore Livadie (a cura di), Ilvillaggiodi Crocedel Papa (Nola): un insediamento del Bronzo antico sepol- to dall’eruzione pliniana di Avellino (3550 BP), c.s. E. Castaldo, La ricostruzione della Capanna 4 di Nola nel Parco Archeologico e Vulcanologico di San Paolo Belsito, inUna capanna del Bronzo Antico. Dallo scavo allaricostruzione, folder pubblicato in occasione della XIV Settimana della Cultura promossa dal Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali Aprile 2012, scheda 16. E. Castaldo, Tipologia, architettura e tecniche delle ca- panne, in C. Albore Livadie (a cura di), Ilvillaggiodi CrocedelPapa(Nola):uninsediamentodelBronzo antico sepolto dall’eruzione pliniana di Avellino (3550 BP), c.s. E. Castaldo, La ricostruzione della capanna 4 di Nola nel Parco Archeologico e Vulcanologico di San Paolo Belsito: unesempiodi archeologiadidattico- sperimentale, in C. Albore Livadie (a cura di), Ilvillag- gio di Croce del Papa (Nola): un insediamento del Bron- zoanticosepoltodall’eruzione plinianadi Avellino (3550 BP), c.s. E-mail: 1 emusc@libero.it;2 alborelivadie@libero.it; 3 danielacitro@libero.it

Références

Documents relatifs

The other factor discussed in the analytical approach concerns the influence of thermally induced cracks, caused by differential contraction, on the stripping resistance

regression model was found to successfully predict the wett- ability of the materials within the polymer microarray from the concatenated positive and negative spectra acquired from

Although President Richard Nixon of the United States visited the People ’s Republic of China in February, 1972, which marked a great step forward in the

Communication is of a great importance as it is considered as the most important job the company does to exhibit its products, to offer services and to deal with

The cloud of neutral hydrogen produced by their particle simulation is able to reproduce the observed Lyα profile during the transit, although it does so at the unlikely condition

In the following, we compare the resolved flux component mea- sured with VISIR in the PAH1 and PAH2 bands to the MIDI dif- ferential visibilities, taking into account the

The Laird- Gompertz growth curve was used, on account it fit the best to our data, and was associated with an environmental forcing function to adjust the growth rate according

Différents facteurs peuvent contribuer à la présence d’une cascade médicamenteuse : personne âgée vulnérable ou fragile, prise de plusieurs médicaments, visite au service