The Virtual lab: a research complement to the integrated design process

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The Virtual lab: a research complement to the integrated design process

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The Virtual lab: a research complement to the integrated design process

Cornick, S.M.; Maref, W.; Lacasse, M.

IRC-ORAL-656

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The Virtual Lab: A Research Complement

to the Integrated Design Process

S. M. Cornick,

W. Maref, and M. A. Lacasse

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Overview

•

• The Virtual Laboratory (VL) in Perspective

The Virtual Laboratory (VL) in Perspective

•

• Description of the Virtual Laboratory

Description of the Virtual Laboratory

–

Simulation Tools

–

Laboratory Tests

–

Field Testing

•

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The VL in Perspective

•

• Trend toward buildings having a high level of performance

Trend toward buildings having a high level of performance

•

• minimize the consumption of non-renewable resourcesminimize the consumption of non-renewable resources •

• minimize greenhouse gas emissionsminimize greenhouse gas emissions •

• minimize liquid effluents and solid wastesminimize liquid effluents and solid wastes •

• minimize the negative impacts on ecosystemsminimize the negative impacts on ecosystems •

• maximize quality of the indoor environmentmaximize quality of the indoor environment •

• adaptability/flexibilityadaptability/flexibility •

• minimization of the life cycle cost subsumes durability, longevity,minimization of the life cycle cost subsumes durability, longevity, and maintainability

and maintainability

•

• Performance requirements imposed by regulation

Performance requirements imposed by regulation

•

• Regulations toward performance-based objectives Regulations toward performance-based objectives

•

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The VL in Perspective

•

• The Integrated Design Process (IDP) is a response to the trend

The Integrated Design Process (IDP) is a response to the trend

of requiring high levels of performance in buildings while

managing cost

•

• IDP consists of a series of design loops

IDP consists of a series of design loops

•

• site planningsite planning •

• envelop designenvelop design •

• lighting and power designlighting and power design •

• ventilationventilation •

• heating and coolingheating and cooling •

• material selection and detail coordinationmaterial selection and detail coordination •

• pre-tender considerationspre-tender considerations •

• commissioning and monitoringcommissioning and monitoring

•

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The VL in Perspective

•

• One of the key actions or tools of the IDP is simulation

One of the key actions or tools of the IDP is simulation

•

• Computer modelling of systems, components, or materials toComputer modelling of systems, components, or materials to evaluate absolute or relative performance

evaluate absolute or relative performance

•

• Especially obvious with respect to energy

Especially obvious with respect to energy

•

• A number of simulation tools available, energy pricing, and A number of simulation tools available, energy pricing, and

environmental concerns. Hence the current focus on energy in the

IDP literature

•

• Suppose the scope of the IDP was broadened to encompass

Suppose the scope of the IDP was broadened to encompass

whole building performance

•

• Proposed in IEA Annex 41Proposed in IEA Annex 41

•

• The VL provides tools to assess the potential performance of

The VL provides tools to assess the potential performance of

built assets

•

• Conclusions can be drawn Conclusions can be drawn quaqua durability durability •

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Description of the VL

•

• What is it?What is it? •

• Provide designers and developers with the performance relatedProvide designers and developers with the performance related information needed for decision making within the IDP, hence the

information needed for decision making within the IDP, hence the

complementary role

•

• Provide researchers and professionals with tools similar in concept toProvide researchers and professionals with tools similar in concept to those used in the automotive and aerospace industry

those used in the automotive and aerospace industry

•

• Current focus is to develop an integrating philosophy and methodologiesCurrent focus is to develop an integrating philosophy and methodologies for the building design process.

for the building design process.

•

• Integration occurs at several levelsIntegration occurs at several levels

•

• What is it for?What is it for? •

• VL is to predict the performance of proposed design optionsVL is to predict the performance of proposed design options

•

• Why use it?Why use it?

•

• Primary use is to evaluate the projected performance of proposed designsPrimary use is to evaluate the projected performance of proposed designs or solutions

or solutions

•

• Who should use it?Who should use it? •

• Researchers in building science, Building design professionals, ProductResearchers in building science, Building design professionals, Product developers or manufacturers, Evaluators

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Description of the VL: Simulation Tools

•

• What are they?

What are they?

Comprise –

•

• A model – Models are simplifications or abstractions of the realA model – Models are simplifications or abstractions of the real world

world

–

– Two types; models of the physical laws, and representations orTwo types; models of the physical laws, and representations or abstractions

abstractions

•

• Properties –Properties – Simulations require some basic information or data Simulations require some basic information or data •

• Loads – Stimulus or process that initiates changeLoads – Stimulus or process that initiates change •

• Output – The output of simulation tools is dataOutput – The output of simulation tools is data

•

• What are they for?

What are they for?

•

• The purpose of the VL is to use the simulation tools to assess theThe purpose of the VL is to use the simulation tools to assess the absolute or relative performance

absolute or relative performance

•

• Verification

Verification

•

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Description of the VL: Laboratory Tests

•

• Laboratory test provide essential data, information, and

Laboratory test provide essential data, information, and

knowledge to the simulation

•

• Basic Data and InformationBasic Data and Information – The properties, performance, and – The properties, performance, and behaviour

behaviour of materials systems and components of materials systems and components •

• Generation of modelsGeneration of models – Complex behaviour distilled into single – Complex behaviour distilled into single and multi-parameter models.

and multi-parameter models.

•

• Benchmarking of modelsBenchmarking of models – Consists of devising an experiment – Consists of devising an experiment and comparing the simulation results with the laboratory results.

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Description of the VL: Field Testing

•

• The primary contributions from the field laboratory are to:The primary contributions from the field laboratory are to:

•

• Provide the loads as input for the simulationsProvide the loads as input for the simulations •

• Provide design conditions from which performances can be obtainedProvide design conditions from which performances can be obtained •

• Provide the in-situ conditions of entitiesProvide the in-situ conditions of entities •

• Provide knowledge of field practice, andProvide knowledge of field practice, and •

• Provide operations schedulesProvide operations schedules

•

• Examples:Examples:

•

• External loads such as weather, concentration of pollutantsExternal loads such as weather, concentration of pollutants •

• Internal loads, such as contaminant sourcesInternal loads, such as contaminant sources •

• In-service conditions and extreme conditionsIn-service conditions and extreme conditions

•

• Possible to generalize field data obtain to develop empirical modelsPossible to generalize field data obtain to develop empirical models •

• Another purpose is the validation of modelsAnother purpose is the validation of models

•

• Validation compares the real world performance to the predictedValidation compares the real world performance to the predicted performance generated

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

• How might this all work?

How might this all work?

•

• Assessment of the hygrothermal performance of the building

Assessment of the hygrothermal performance of the building

envelopes

•

• A model of the physicsA model of the physics •

• A representation of the structureA representation of the structure •

• A database of material properties of common constructionA database of material properties of common construction materials

materials

•

• A database of external loads in the form of hourly weather tapesA database of external loads in the form of hourly weather tapes •

• Models of the internal loadsModels of the internal loads •

• Output tools and measuresOutput tools and measures •

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

• How might this all work?How might this all work?

•

• A model of the physicsA model of the physics

(

D

w

u

K

w w

g

p

P

v v

V

a

)

Q

m

t

u

=

+

∇

−

+

∇

−

⋅

∇

+

∂

_ρ

_δ

_ρ

ρ

₀

(

)

₀

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

• A representation of the structureA representation of the structure

Layer boundaries

Node boundaries

Layer_n defined in hygIRC 1-D Layer_n+1 Layer_n-1

Boundary node

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

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Two Examples: A simulation tool

•

• Links to other simulations forLinks to other simulations for further analysis and

further analysis and

interpretation interpretation 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 10 130 250 370 490 610 730 850 970 90 10 30 50 70 90 10 30 50 70 RHT I n de x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 M o uld In de x (sumRHT/Time) * Interval RHT/Interval Mould Index 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 10 130 250 370 490 610 730 850 970₁₀90₁₂10₁₃30₁₄50₁₅70₁₆90₁₈10₁₉30₂₀50₂₁70 RHT I n de x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 M o uld In de x (sumRHT/Time) * Interval RHT/Interval Mould Index 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 10 50 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rot In de x 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 RH T In de x Rot RHT sum RHT/6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 10 50 90 ₁₃0 ₁₇0 0₂₁ ₂₅0 ₂₉0 ₃₃0 ₃₇0 ₄₁0 ₄₅0 ₄₉0 ₅₃0 0₅₇ ₆₁0 ₆₅0 ₆₉0 ₇₃0 Rot In de x 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 RH T In de x Rot RHT sum RHT/6

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Two Examples: An Integration philosophy

•

• What might a future VL targeted to the building industry or

What might a future VL targeted to the building industry or

building mangers look like?

•

• Integrate tools using a geographic information system

Integrate tools using a geographic information system

•

• External loads from data, analytical or empirical modelsExternal loads from data, analytical or empirical models •

• Linked to other information, such as regional energy and materialsLinked to other information, such as regional energy and materials costs

costs

•

• A GIS based VL would permit a thorough life cycle cost

A GIS based VL would permit a thorough life cycle cost

analysis

•

• Project at the Institute for Research in Construction

Project at the Institute for Research in Construction

•

• Develop a risk-based framework for the evaluation of façadeDevelop a risk-based framework for the evaluation of façade performance, and

performance, and prioritisationprioritisation of maintenance of maintenance •

• Focus on high and medium-rise buildings with consideration of theFocus on high and medium-rise buildings with consideration of the likely environmental loads

likely environmental loads

•

• System will incorporate models, such as a hygrothermal modelSystem will incorporate models, such as a hygrothermal model and damage models for corrosion and deterioration

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Cladding Response model NMMS Maintenance Management System Climate data Climate loads Maintenance Condition & forecast

Condition survey / regular inspections

Web accessible GIS Bldg data Climate & Response Field data Climate & Response Field data GIS

State of the Facade State of the Facade Details of the Facade Details of the Facade

Location of Building Location of Building

Geometry of Building / Facade Geometry of Building / Facade

Performance Model Performance Model New State of New State of Action Items Action Items

Two Examples: An Integration philosophy

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Two Examples: An Integration philosophy

A system

might look

this:

A GIS-based A GIS-based Maintenance Maintenance Management Management System System

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Summary

•

• The Virtual Lab is an integrated set or suite of simulation toolsThe Virtual Lab is an integrated set or suite of simulation tools

•

• Strongly supported by laboratory and field-testing facilities.Strongly supported by laboratory and field-testing facilities.

•

• Predict the absolute or relative performancePredict the absolute or relative performance

•

• Buildings, systems, components or materials with respect to variousBuildings, systems, components or materials with respect to various performance objectives enabling decisions regarding design and retrofit.

performance objectives enabling decisions regarding design and retrofit.

•

• The VL; a judicious use of simulation, testing, and monitoringThe VL; a judicious use of simulation, testing, and monitoring

•

• Allows the evaluation of performance to be done in a timely, cost effective,Allows the evaluation of performance to be done in a timely, cost effective, and rational way.

and rational way.

•

• The VL permits building science professionals and researchers to assessThe VL permits building science professionals and researchers to assess responses or performances not practicable in the laboratory or field or

responses or performances not practicable in the laboratory or field or

otherwise prohibitively expensive.

•

• Offers manufacturers of new construction systems the benefit of speedingOffers manufacturers of new construction systems the benefit of speeding up research and development, simultaneously reducing these costs.

up research and development, simultaneously reducing these costs.

•

• The VL is in the process of conceptual developmentThe VL is in the process of conceptual development

•