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Appendix 2. Figure A2.1. Annual variation in prey abundance indices at Langholm 1992-2018; a) Red Grouse (birds km

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Appendix 2.

Figure A2.1. Annual variation in prey abundance indices at Langholm 1992-2018; a) Red Grouse (birds km

-2

), b) passerines (Meadow Pipits and Skylarks km

-1

), c) voles (field voles 100 trap nights

-1

).

Years with grouse-moor management, which involves predator control, are shaded grey.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Passerine abundance index

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Red Grouse density (birds km2) adults pre-breeding chicks post-breeding

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Vole abundance index

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