... / PLC / : ( ) ...

(1)

. . . .

/

PLC /

:

( )

. . .

2007

(2)

2

(3)

.

. . .

. ,

(

).

(4)

4

( /

).

.

( , , CO² . .), (

/ , , , ),

KNX/EIB PLC LOGO! Siemens.

.

KNX/EIB.

(5)

.8

1 10

1.1 ...10

1.2 .10

1.2.1 ..10

1.2.2 .11

1.2.3 11

1.2.4 12

1.3 .13

1.4 ...15

1.4.1 PMV ..15

1.4.2 16

1.4.3 ..17

1.5 ..18

2 PLC ..20

2.1 ..20

2.2 PLC LOGO! ..24

2.3 LOGO! ..27

3 KNX/EIB ...29

3.1 ..29

3.2 .30

3.2.1 ...30

3.2.2 .32

3.2.3 .33

3.2.4 Ethernet .33

3.3 34

3.4 ..36

3.5 ...37

(6)

6

4- KNX/EIB ..39

4.1 .39

4.2 39

4.2.1 40

4.2.2 ..44

4.2.3 46

5

.52

5.1 .52

5.2 ..53

5.2.1 PI .54

5.2.2 ...55

5.3 .57

6 60

6.1 ...60

6.1.1 .60

6.1.2 / ..62

6.1.3 / .63

6.1.4 ..64

6.2 ..64

6.2.1 .64

6.2.2 ..65

6.2.3 ...66

6.3 ..67

7 70

7.1 .70

7.2 71

7.3 .73

8 .79

8.1 79

8.2 .80

(7)

.82 ...83

- BMS 84

.1 .84

.2 BMS ..86

.3 ...88

- FBD ...93

B.1 Blocks 93

B.2 ..99

(8)

8

.

,

. ,

,

.

, / . ,

CO² .

. BMS (Building

Management System )

. ,

. .

, ,

/ .

(9)

1

,

.

PLC LOGO! .

3 KNX/EIB 4

KNX/EIB LOGO!

.

. 5

, 6

/

. 7

. 8

.

,

. BMS

FBD PLC

(10)

10

1

1.1

.

. ,

.

( , , CO²), ( / ,

, , ), KNX/EIB

PLC LOGO! Siemens.

1.2

1.2.1

.

( ,

, ) .

.

. ,

(CO2)

.

( )

(11)

.

1.2.2

:

: 40%

: 28%

: 32%

1.1

2/3 (26%

) 1/3 (14% )[1].

, 77%

, [2] .

( . . .)

(

, . .),

.

1.2.3

[3], CO² 5% (

1990) 2010, 2006

[4].

.

,

, ,

, . .

(12)

12

1.2

C [1]

1.2.4

. .

/

( )

(13)

( )

( BMS).

1.3

. lux

.

/ (lux)

( ) 150

800 250-500 500 500

1.1 [5]

,

( ).

, .

( on/off) (dimming).

, .

(14)

14

1.3

2 .

, .

1.4

.

256 0

255 ( 0-100%).

(15)

1.4

1.4.1 PMV

PMV [6] (Predicted Mean Vote

- ) ,

, , MRT ( ),

.

1.5 PMV

,

.

. ,

( )

.

/ .

( )

.

. PMV,

.

(16)

16

. MRT

.

PMV

.

1.4.2

/

( )

.

( ).

.

:

)

.

)

, /

) /

)

(17)

1.4.3

/ 2 .

.

1.6

. :

( . < . < .)

( . .< .< . .)

( . > . > . .)

( . . > . > .)

.

/

. > . > .

(18)

18

. < . < .

( ).

( )

/ .

/

.

/ .

. .

, , ..

1.5

CO². VOC (Volatile

Organic Compounds )

, . .

.

. . .

.

( / )

(19)

.

, .

/ ,

.

1.7

(20)

20

2 PLC

2.1

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller )

[7]. , PLCs

- ,

, , ,

, ,

.

. PLCs

,

(hardware ).

, .

hardware PLCs

(software). PLC

.

2.1

PLCs

.

(21)

interface . . PCI .

2.2 PLC

PLC

.

. (non-volatile)

.

PLC.

,

( , timers) .

PLC,

, PC .

PLC

. Ladder

,

(22)

22

FBD (functional block diagram) .

ST (structured text), IL (instruction list), C, assembly .

:

(k+1) = f ( (k), (k), (k))

k

2.3

,

.

PLC ( ms).

PLC :

,

.

(23)

2.4 PLC

PLCs (buttons),

. PLCs

, , , ,

. . .

(modules). PLCs

, .

PLCs, /

, .

, 0 1 on off,

0-10 V

DC PLC 10 bits.

PLCs , ,

. ,

PID

. 0 650 1 .

(24)

24

(modules). modules

PLC / ,

, ,

, PID . . PLCs

(human-machine interface -

) SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition - ).

2.2 PLC LOGO!

o PLC LOGO!

Siemens. LOGO! PLC

,

, , . . .

2.5 LOGO!

,

. 24

8 , 16

8 , ,

, PC ,

KNX/EIB, ASi bus, .

: ,

DIN rail ( ), , ,

, , . . .[8]

(25)

LOGO! Soft comfort FDL Ladder.

.

2.6 LOGO! Soft comfort V.5

LOGO! (modules). o module

modules

2.5. 8

2 (

) 4 .

. 4

transistor

. PC

.

, 230 V

AC 24V DC. LOGO!

modules. modules

KNX/EIB ASi.

modules

24 8

16 2 .

(26)

26

2.7 LOGO! modules

LOGO! 12/24 RC (

6ED 1052-1MB00-0BA5) 8 ( 2

) 4 .

,

, 24V DC 0-

10 V DC. PC (RS-232)

USB . H o 2Kbytes

130 blocks FBD.

10bits

0 -1000 0-1023 ( 0 0V 500 5V 1000

10V).

PI . ,

ms, PI

500ms.

module KNX/EIB communication

module (6BK1 700-0BA00-0AA1) LOGO!

KNX/EIB. LOGO!

. ,

PLC, .

,

/ .

(27)

2.8 LOGO!

KNX/EIB communication module

2.3 LOGO!

FBD

LOGO! . blocks, block

. block (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,

XOR) . , rs flip-flop . .

blocks

, , PI .

block (

).

,

, PLC

( )

.

. FBD

( function block analog amplifier).

.

function block PI controller.

(28)

28

2.9 / FDL

A

set point feedback PI controller.

(P) 1

(I) 0 (

Kc=1 = 99min 59sec PI controller FBD).

feedback

set point ( direction

function block).

. PLC LOGO

fuzzy logic ( ) fuzzy

.

block FBD.

FBD

block .

LOGO! (2 B)

FBD PLC LOGO!

130 block.

Ladder

FDL. 130 block

LOGO! ,

.

(29)

3 KNX/EIB

3.1

KNX/EIB (European Installation Bus)

(buses)[1].

,

( Association, www.eiba.org). , 1999

Konnex Association (www.konnex.org)

, , BCI EHSA.

,

atibus EHS. Konnex Association

110 ,

, , ,

. .

(

Konnex Association).

3.1 EIB

KNX/EIB (

KNX/EIB KNX

). KNX/EIB ,

.

. :

( , ,

), (PLC, PC)

( , , / ).

(30)

30

KNX/EIB

.

3.2

KNX/EIB :

(twisted pair)

(Radio Transmission) (Power Line Transmission)

Ethernet (KNX over IP)

,

( ),

.

3.2.1

KNX/EIB.

.

, . ,

bus

100mW. ,

.

, .

(31)

3.2KNX/EIB

KNX/EIB,

. KNX/EIB ,

,

, , .

, .

. ,

,

- . ,

PLC. ,

, ,

(actuators)

KNX/EIB .

, .

(32)

32

3.3 PC

, P-0

4800bits/s Batibus TP-1

9600bits/s. TP-1

EIB . P-0 TP-1

. TP-1

KNX/EIB.

KNX/EIB

,

. ,

,

, .

S

, .

ETS ,

, (Project Management).

.

( )

.

3.2.2

-RF

Bus.

(33)

(868 hz),

, ,

. 38,4kbits/s

300m . ,

- .

. .

.

3.2.3

,

, 230/400V ( ).

Bus

. , PL-110

PL-132kHz. 1200bits/s

110kHz Powerline.

2400bits/s 1320kHz

EHS. PL-110 PL-132

.

3.2.4 Ethernet

, -over-IP,

. Ethernet

Mbit.

Ethernet . 10Mbit/s

(34)

34

KNX/EIB Ethernet( Internet)

KNX/EIB .

3.3

KNX/EIB, .

. (line)

KNX/EIB.

64.

64, (repeaters),

255.

700 9600bps.

(area).

, (line couplers),

15 .

960.

KNX/EIB .

,

. , (area couplers)

15 .

14400.

,

( , ,

) .

, ,

,

. , 64,

(35)

. KNX/EIB.

3.4 15

(36)

36 3.4

.

Bus 9600bits/sec

25 msec.

, ,

. KNX/EIB

.

, ,

.

, CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD

Ethernet. ,

.

3.6

, .

.

Check byte (checksum).

(source address) (target address).

(physical address), .

.

, .

(group address),

(37)

,

, .

: ,

.

( button),

(PC, PLC, , .)

( . , , ) .

.

3.5

(BCU bus coupling unit)

.

( ) .

.

RS-232 USB OPC server

Etec Falcon. PC -OPC

server MATLAB

.

(38)

38

3.7

KNX/EIB

( ,

, .).

ETS

KNX/EIB.

(39)

4 - KNX/EIB

4.1

KNX/EIB,

( , www.elci.tuc.gr) . 2004

[2]

.

9 ( , ,

, , CO², , MRT) 7 (3

on/off , 2 on/off , 2

1 ).

(Fuzzy Logic).

A

PI, PD PID [11][12].

4.2

(2007)

. KNX/EIB,

(bus).

8 , PLC LOGO! KNX/EIB communication module,

6 . KNX/EIB

(40)

40 .

4.2.1

: (Siemens

5WG1 252-4AB02) KNX/EIB,

200-1900 lux.

. bus.

: (Siemens

5WG1 253-4AB01) KNX/EIB, 0-

40 klux (1000 lux).

. , .

weather station .

bus.

4.1

:

KNX/EIB Combined

Fire Alarm. (Siemens 5WG1 256-4AB01)

.

( )

0.5 .

,

(41)

.

CO2 ( CO2 ).

.

. . .

bus.

4.2 Combined fire alarm

: (Siemens QPA63.2)

, CO² 0 -

2000 ppm 20 ppm, VOC

( VOC

).

, ( CO²

VOC) 0-10V .

LOGO! Power .

(42)

42

4.4 CO² / VOC

CO² VOC

DC 0-10V KNX/EIB

. Universal I/O

Module N670 (Siemens 5WG1 670-1AB03) 2

( ), 2

Pt1000 2 .

bus.

4.5 Universal I/O Module

CO²/VOC /

:

(43)

4.6

Universal I/O Module CO²/VOC

weather station: weather station (Siemens 5WG1 257-3AB11)

KNX/EIB

.

. 4 ,

, ,

.

. (230V AC, 50 hertz) .

4.7 weather station

(44)

44

4.8 weather station

( , , , )

(Siemens 5WG1 258-3AB41)

1 0 ,

.

0 - 40.000 lux 5%

.

(Siemens 5WG1 258-

3AB21) -20 - +40 -0,1...+0,1 .

2 35 m/s 0,1m/s.

4.2.2

3 ,

, .

: DALI Interface

DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface ). DALI

64 .

(51 10

) DALI DALI

Interface KNX/EIB.

KNX/EIB

( on/off) 256

. ( /

0)

(45)

400 lux.

.

4.9 DALI Interface

: Shutter switch

N524 N561 (Siemens 5WG1 524-1AB01)

. .

DC . DC

.

KNX/EIB

. . ,

( )

. Shutter switch

4 ,

. .

LOGO! Power

(

24VDC 1 ).

(46)

46

4.10 Shutter switch

4.2.3

PLC LOGO! : , o PLC LOGO!

KNX/EIB KNX/EIB communication module.

PLC

. LOGO! Power .

PC : (Siemens 5WG1 148-1AB04)

KNX/EIB PC RS-232.

(

) ETS

. PC

OPC server Etec Falcon

[2],[11],[12]. . bus.

:

breadboard 5 buttons, 2 4

Leds LOGO! (

KNX/EIB).

LOGO! -

.

(auto)

(47)

(manual). Leds

(set points) .

10V DC.

:

3 .

, / KNX/EIB

.

KNX/EIB power supply (Siemens 5WG1 125-

1AB21) 24V ( 29V) .

640mA

. LOGO! Power

PLC LOGO! ,

CO²/VOC. 24V DC

4 mp.

10 V DC (

) .

(48)

48

/ :

(BTU ).

:

30KW .

38400 kcal/h ( ).

125 3,5 ,

437,5 .

. 1,5 2,5 (

).

4.12 /

(49)

4.13

/ ( )

/ /

.

( , 1995)

/ ( . .

).

/ Binary Output

N561 .

/

4 , (230V 50hertz), on/off, heat/cool out.

on/off, heat/cool out

1, 0. on/off 0

, 1

, out

heat/cool.

(50)

50

/ .

on / off Heat / cool out

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

2. /

4.14 Binary Output N561

/

/ :

/ .

KNX/EIB Binary Output

N561 (Siemens 5WG1 561-1AB01). 4

KNX/EIB bus.

(51)

5.15 Binary Output N561

/

.

(52)

52

5

5.1

4 2 .

, .

5.1

KNX/EIB,

KNX/EIB weather station

.

. PLC LOGO!

.

( 0-255, 0-100%)

. (

) DALI

KNX/EIB shutter switch.

(53)

5.2

PI control block FDL PLC.

5.2

.

( /D) LOGO! 10 bit

0 - 1000 ( 0 1023 ).

2,2

. 0 - 454

Lux. O PI ,

block FDL,

. PI PLC 0-255 (0-100%)

( DALI) .

( - , .).

400 lux.

PLC PI .

(54)

54

5.2.1 PI

(plant) ,

, , ,

, . . [13][14]. PI

.

PI =

input (t)=set_point(t) feedback(t) H

output (t) = Kp * input(t) + Ki * input(t)

Kp Ki . Kp

i

. Ki

( ) ( d)

. Kp i

( tuning).

. trial and error

,

. Ziegler-Nichols [13][15].

(Ki=0) Kp

. p Kcritical

Pcritical. PI

Kp=0,45*Kcritical i=1,2*Kp/Pcritical.

Kp=0,5 i=0,25. FDL PI

Kc Kp Ti

1/Ki. c 0,5 Ti 4 sec.

(55)

.

. PI

.

on/off PI

control, 10

.

, blocks FDL (

PI 1)

5.2.2

: )

) PI

) DALI

0-255

PLC. / 5.3.

5.3 DALI

) , PI

, 500ms,

.

(56)

56

)

.

) bus KNX/EIB

, .

8 lux 1-2%

5-6% .

)

+-30 lux .

PI ,

.

5.4 PI

set point 3%

35 .

(57)

5.3

100%.

0 ( ).

.

10 0%

100% .

,

50% 40% (

), 60% ( ) .

(

150 lux) (

).

0 .

. 1 11 ,

2

0% 100%.

(58)

58

5.5

5.6

(59)

5.7

(60)

60

6

6.1

PMV .

.

( / )

( ).

6.1

6.1.1

.

, (air conditioners)

20 C

27 C. ,

. ,

(21-23 C), . ,

(61)

.

4 , , ,

. .

2,5 C,

( . .

) .

( C)

, , 27

, , 25

, , 23

, , 21

6.1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

set point

6.2 [13]

( )

. 15 C,

.

(62)

62

6.1.2 /

/

/ .

.

(

) (deadband). ,

/

0,5 C

1 C.

.

6.3

(63)

. 0,5 C

deadband. A/C out A/C on/off

on, /

A/C on/off on

/

( ).

. .

.

, ,

x

, ,

x

, , x

, ,

x 6.2

6.1.3 /

/

( . .

, ). /

/

, /

, ,

. (

).

.

. deadband

( ).

(64)

64

6.1.4

6.4

6.2

6.2.1

CO2,

VOC (CO, , , O2 , hydrogen sulfide, particulates . .)

[17].

CO2. CO2 VOC (

0-10V VOC). CO2

, CO2

VOC.

CO² VOC

. CO² ppm (parts per million)

(65)

300-400 ppm .

CO2 600 1000 ppm 800 ppm.

1000 ppm

.

6.2.2

Siemens QPA63.2 CO²

VOC.

3 , , .

CO²<550 , CO²>900

, 550<CO²<700

700<CO²<900 .

6.5 ( , fuzzy logic)

550-700 700-900 deadband.

550, 700,

550 900 .

900

700.

.

VOC CO². VOC

(66)

66

CO2

.

CO2 VOC

6.3

6.2.3

, .

. CO2

.

6.6

(20%)

(67)

6.7

(100%)

6.3

, .

, /

.

/ .

, ( /

, ) (

).

.

(68)

68

/

/ (

)

6.4

, (0%), (20%) (100%).

/ .

6.8

(69)

6.9

(70)

70

7

7.1

MATLAB 7.3.0,

OPC server toolbox OPC SERVER version 2.0. T OPC

SERVER ( association

) PC KNX/

. MATLAB scripts

toolbox. MATLAB script

.

ETS 3 Professional ( )

6% 15%

. KNX/EIB 9600 bits/sec

.

(71)

7.2

7.1

( )

2 . (350 lux)

. DALI

( 1350

min 1450 min) (

5.3).

355 lux.

5 lux

50 lux .

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

300 320 340 360 380 400 420

time (min)

illuminance (lux)

18-Sep-2007 18:48:19 until 20-Sep-2007 20:08:56

indoor set point

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0 5 10 15 20

time (min)

illuminance (Klux) Outdoor Illuminance

outdoor illuminance

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0 20 40 60 80 100

time (min)

DALI value (%)

DALI

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

0 20 40 60 80

time (min)

roller position (%)

roller position

(72)

72

7.2

( )

60 (135

lux).

.

( 100%).

.

( 750 min 1400 min)

.

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

time (min)

illuminance (lux)

13-Sep-2007 18:55:07 until 16-Sep-2007 07:46:16

indoor set point

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

0 5 10 15 20 25

time (min)

illuminance (Klux) Outdoor Illuminance

outdoor illuminance

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

0 10 20 30

time (min)

DALI value (%) ^DALI

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

0 20 40 60 80 100

time (min)

roller position (%)

roller position

(73)

7.3

7.3

(74)

74

7.4

(75)

7.5

(76)

76

7.6

(77)

7.7

(78)

78

0,5 -1

. 7.3

. /

.

7.4 7.5 CO2

( CO2) .

/ . .

7.6 7.7

. CO2

.

CO2 ,

/ .

CO2 .

, .

. .

(79)

8 ,

8.1

.

( )

PLC

.

( PC)

.

( )

/

PID

[11][12] . ,

256

(0) (255).

( PLC

) .

( , , , ) .

( ,

)

. ,

,

[4].

(80)

80 8.2

. /

.

(

5 6 ) .

.

on-off ( )

.

( )

/ (

) .

( KNX/EIB).

( )

.

( ,

.4), ( ,

.1)

. PLC

LOGO! ( 2.3)

(fuzzy logic ).

.

(81)

. ,

(robust) .

(82)

82

[1] ., KNX/EIB , 2006

[2] .,

, ,

2004

[3] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol [4] 2002/91/

16/12/2002

[5] , , , . . .,

2001

[6] Kolokotsa D. , Design and implementation of an Integrated intelligence Building Indoor Environment Management System using Fuzzy Logic, Advanced Decision Support techniques, Local Opening Network Capabilities and Smart Card

Technology, , 2001

[7] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_Logic_Controller

[8] LOGO! Siemens, 2005

[9] http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Automation [10] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Management_System

[11] . PD, PI Fuzzy

PD , ,

2005

[12] . Fuzzy PID PID

, ,

2005

[13] . ., , . . ,

1991

[14] Dorf R., Bishop R., ,

2003

[15] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_control

[16] http://geogr.eduportal.gr/docs/gr_therm_vrox_22.xls

[17] Illinois Department of Public Health, Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/indoorairqualityguide_fs.htm

(83)

A

BCU Bus Coupling Unit ( )

B MS Building Energy Management System

( )

BMS Building Management System (

) EIB European Installation Bus (

) PLC Programmable Logic Controller

(

)

FBD Functional Block Diagram ( )

Human-Machine Interface ( )

KNX Konnex ( )

PID Proportional Integral Derivative (

)

PMV Predicted Mean Vote

( )

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

( )

TP Twisted Pair ( )

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds ( )

(84)

84

BMS

.1

BMS (Building Management System -

)

S (Building Energy Management System - )

, , , , ,

.[9][10] ,

/ .

BMS

,

( , , .).

, , , CO², ,

, . .

( / ), /

(on/off / ), dimmers

( ).

(AND, OR, NOT), . . PID .

PLCs (Programmable Logic

Controllers ) .

, S

BMS . (human-machine

interface - ) ,

, , .

( . . )

( . . ).

(85)

. . .

PID.

( )

, ,

. .

(Set Point S.P.)

. S.P.s (overshooting)

S.P.s ( ).

. ,

.

BMS , ,

, , , ,

, ,

. ,

( )

.

BMS .

/ , Lonworks, BACnet, Bitbus, Profibus, ZigBee, CANbus, X10 . . ( Ethernet).

BMS / . KNX/EIB,

, MS

.

(86)

86

.2 BMS

BMS :

)

.

. .

.1 )

.

. , ,

(PC/PLC) .

.

.2

(87)

)

/

. /

.

( PC) .

/

.

.3

:

i. ,

.

ii. ,

. PC/PLC.

iii. ,

.

,

(88)

88

hardware .

BMS :

,

( ), /

.

PC SCADA (Supervisory Control and data Acquisition

). . .

, .

.4

.3

BMS KNX/EIB.

( , , , ).

(89)

.5

PLC /

.

SCADA .

PLC

KNX/EIB ( TP-1).

:

( KNX/EIB) PLC ( KNX/EIB

).

PLC

PLC ( KNX/EIB

) bus

KNX/EIB.

weather station ( )

, PLC

(

)

(90)

90

14

, . KNX/EIB ,

(

700 ).

.6

:

PLC ( PLC LOGO!

)

/ PLC

( ) PLC

/ PLC

PLC (on/off dimming ) PLC

(91)

CO²

, buttons, ,

H .

KNX/EIB PLC

.

:

weather station

PLC

.

/ ,

,

PLC

PLC, weather station

, ( ,

. .).

:

,

. .

PLC

(92)

92

KNX/EIB :

, ,

(9,6 kbit/s)

PLC

PC

LonWorks .

PLC

KNX/EIB

( , , AND/OR

.)

PC . PLC

PLC ,

KNX/EIB PLC

PC

PLC LOGO!

( ) KNX/EIB

.

(93)

- FBD

.1 Blocks

FBD

LOGO! . blocks, block

. block (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,

XOR) . , rs flip-flop . [8].

.1 Block

blocks

, , PI

.2 Block

block

. block :

AND NAND

R NOR

(94)

94

XOR NOT

NAND

( )

On-delay:

ff-delay: 1

1, 0

On/off-delay:

0 1

Retentive on-delay:

(95)

Wiping relay (pulse output):

1

1 0

1

Edge triggered wiping relay:

1

1 0

Asynchronous pulse

generator:

inv

Random generator: On/off- delay

Stairway lighting switch:

off-delay

0

0.

(96)

96

Weekly yearly timer:

1

. weekly timer

yearly timer .

( )

Up/down counter hours counter: (

) ,

Threshold trigger: (

)

(97)

( )

Amplifier:

offset. ( output = gain*input + offset )

Analog comparator:

Analog threshold trigger, Analog differential trigger, analog watchdog:

Analog multiplexer:

PI controller: PI , set

point

.

block 500ms.

(98)

98

RS flip-flop

RS/T flip-flop

Message:

PLC.

block

. block

(par )

PI controller.

3 FBD

(99)

block, block . block (

FBD ). FBD

hardware ( ).

.2

PLC LOGO!

FBD

3.

µ µ µ . ,

µ , µ µ µ

µ . µ

µ µ .

, µ µ µ

µ . µ

(100)

100

µ µ .

µ

( µ ).

µ µ

µ µ .

. ,

.

µ .

LOGO! , µ

. µ µ AC

µ µ . µ

µ µ AC , µ µ

µ µ Q1

LOGO! . µ

µ LOGO! .

.5

.4 FBD LOGO!

K1 Y1 S1 (NO) S2 (NO) S3 (NC) S4 (NC)

(101)

This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.win2pdf.com.

The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.