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Book Chapter

Reference

P.Gen. inv. 512 : List of the Parts of the Forearm and Hand

SCHUBERT, Paul

Abstract

Papyrus médical contenant la description des os de la main.

SCHUBERT, Paul. P.Gen. inv. 512 : List of the Parts of the Forearm and Hand. In: Ast, R. ; Cuvigny, H. & Hickey, T.M. Papyrological texts in honor of Roger S. Bagnall . Durham : American Society of Papyrologists, 2013. p. 295-298

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:36781

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

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PAPYROLOGICAL TEXTS IN HONOR OF ROGER S. BAGNALL

Edited by

Rodney Ast, Hélène Cuvigny, Todd M. Hickey, and Julia Lougovaya

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PAPYROLOGISTS

DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA

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Papyrological Texts in Honor of Roger S. Bagnall Edited by

Rodney Ast, Hélène Cuvigny, Todd M. Hickey, and Julia Lougovaya

© 2012

The American Society of Papyrologists

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Papyrological texts in honor of Roger S. Bagnall / edited by Rodney Ast, Hélène Cuvigny, Todd M.

Hickey, and Julia Lougovaya.

pages cm. -- (American Studies in Papyrology ; volume 53)

ISBN 978-0-9799758-6-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-9799758-6-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Manuscripts, Classical (Papyri) 2. Classical literature--Criticism, Textual. 3. Classical

languages--Texts. I. Ast, Rodney. II. Cuvigny, Hélène. III. Hickey, Todd Michael. IV. Lougovaya, Julia. V. Bagnall, Roger S.

PA3339.P37 2012 930--dc23

2012038169

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDITORS’ PREFACE

v

APPRECIATION (by Deborah W. Hobson)

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ix

LIST OF PAPYRI

xii

1 Frammento medico con elenco di sintomi 1

Isabella Andorlini

2 Schedule of Work Days 9

Rodney Ast

3 Remains of an agnitio bonorum possessionis: P.Duk. inv. 466 17 Jean-Jacques Aubert

4 Gemellos and His Animal Farm: Full Edition of P.Fay.253 descr. 21 Giuseppina Azzarello and Fabian Reiter

5 Versione in greco di un testamento romano 31

Guido Bastianini

6 Récupération d’outils de briquetiers 37

Jean Bingen †

7 Letter about Court Proceedings and Agricultural Matters 41 Alan K. Bowman

8 Translation of a Letter of the praefectus Aegypti 47

Adam Bülow-Jacobsen

9 A Ptolemaic Register of Unused Land in the Arsinoite Nome 53 Willy Clarysse

10 A List of Words of Christian Origin from the Kelsey Museum 61 Raffaella Cribiore

11–12 Conductor praesidii 67

Hélène Cuvigny

13 P.Qasr Ibrim inv. 80/1: A Testimony to Zenodotos’ Edition of the Iliad? 75 Tomasz Derda and Adam Łajtar

14–25 Neue Dokumente zur Salzsteuer in Elephantine 79

Ruth Duttenhöfer

26 Le poète Dioscore d’Aphrodité à l’œuvre : une première version

de P.Aphrod.Lit. IV 18, enkômion d’adventus du duc Kallinikos 97 Jean-Luc Fournet

27 Plainte au praeses Simplicius 107

Jean Gascou

28 Register of Requisitions 115

Nikolaos Gonis

29–31 Drei dokumentarische Papyri aus der Hamburger Sammlung 119 Dieter Hagedorn und Bärbel Kramer

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Table of Contents

x

32 Report under Oath to Apollonios the Strategos: P.CtYBR inv. 4079 133 Ann Ellis Hanson

33 A Labor Contract for a pronoētēs (P.Lond. inv. 2219) 141 Todd M. Hickey and James G. Keenan

34 Maternal Division of Housed Property near the Temples of Memphis 149 Francisca A. J. Hoogendijk

35 P.Cornell inv. 69 Revisited: A Collection of Geometrical Problems 159 Alexander Jones

36 Beeidete Erklärung über die Umbuchung adärierter Naubien 177 Andrea Jördens

37 New Epigrams 187

Julia Lougovaya

38 Copy of a Census Declaration from Oxyrhynchus 191

AnneMarie Luijendijk

39 Coptic Letter 197

Leslie S. B. MacCoull

40 Invocation 201

Alain Martin

41 Grammatical Text: A Treatise on the Declension of Nouns 203 Kathleen McNamee

42 Rules of an Association of Soknebtunis 209

Andrew Monson

43 A Fourth-Century Inventory of Columns and the Late Roman Building Industry 215 Arietta Papaconstantinou

44 Brief über kirchliche Angelegenheiten 233

Amphilochios Papathomas

45 Rapporto allo stratego (MS 1802/38) 241

Rosario Pintaudi

46 A Reconstructed Land Survey from Kerkeosiris 243

Dominic Rathbone, Dorothy J. Thompson, and Arthur Verhoogt

47 A Draft of a Rider to a Cession Contract 267

David M. Ratzan

48 A New Fragment of a Techne grammatike (P.Mich. inv. 30) 277

Timothy Renner

49 O.BM EA 20300: In Search of the Latest Dated Demotic Ostrakon 285 Tonio Sebastian Richter

50 Letter from Philotas to His Brother Dioscourides:

Philotas, a Black Sheep in a High-Class Family? 291

Cornelia Römer

51 List of the Parts of the Forearm and Hand 295

Paul Schubert

52 Order for Delivery of Wheat and Lentils 299

Jennifer Sheridan Moss

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Table of Contents

xi

53 An Arabic Land Lease from Ṭuṭu̅n 301

Petra M. Sijpesteijn

54 Payment Record 307

Timothy Teeter

55 Letter from Theophanes to Anysios 311

J. David Thomas

56 A Census Return from Hermopolis from AD 189 317

Peter van Minnen

57 A Saite Book of the Dead Fragment in the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology 325 Terry G. Wilfong

58–69 Greek Ostraka from the Mut Precinct, South Karnak 331 Klaas A. Worp, with a preface by Richard Fazzini

70 P.Col. inv. 33r and the Processing of Data in Early Roman Egypt 349 Uri Yiftach-Firanko

INDICES

A. Greek Non-Documentary Texts 355

B. Greek Documentary Texts 360

I. Rulers

II. Consuls

III. Indictions and Eras

IV. Months and Days

V. Dates

VI. Personal Names

VII. Geographical

VIII. Religion

IX. Official and Military Terms and Titles Χ. Professions, Trades and Occupations

XI. Measures and Money

XII. Taxes

XIII. General Index of Words

C. Latin Documentary Text 378

I. Personal Names

II. Geographical

III. Official and Military Terms and Titles IV. General Index of Words

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LIST OF TEXTS

*

Non-Documentary

57 Saite Book of the Dead T. G. Wilfong ca. 630 BCE Western Thebes 325

37 Epigrams J. Lougovaya mid II BCE Arsinoites (?) 187

13 Homeric Quotation T. Derda and A. Łajtar 22–21 BCE (?) Qasr Ibrim 75 64 School Text (?) K. A. Worp late I–early II Thebes (South

Karnak)

341

1 Frammento medico I. Andorlini I–II ignota 1

35 Geometrical Problems A. Jones II unknown 159

41 Grammatical Text K. McNamee II unknown 203

51 Lexicographical Text P. Schubert III unknown 295

48 Grammatical Text T. Renner III–IV unknown 277

10 School Text R. Cribiore IV Thebes (?) 61

26 Enkômion d’adventus du duc Kallinikos

J.-L. Fournet 567 ou 568 Aphrodité 97

Documentary

14–25 Quittungen für Salzsteuer, Myropsike und Syeniton logeia

R. Duttenhöfer 18.6.251 (14);

11.7.251 (15);

2.12.247 (16);

21.12.245 (17);

5.7.223 (18);

14.3.222 (19);

18.3.222 (20);

8.5.221 (21);

15.4.–14.5.219 (22);

1.7.217 (23);

4.3.211 (24);

212–211 (25) (sämtlich v.Chr.)

Elephantine 85

42 Rules of an Association A. Monson ca. 250–210 BCE Tebtunis 209 9 Register of Unproductive

Land

W. Clarysse early II BCE Arsinoite 53

46 Land Survey D. Rathbone, D. J. Thompson, A. Verhoogt

119 BCE,September Kerkeosiris 243

50 Private Letter C. Römer II BCE, July–early September

unknown 291

67 Contract (?) K. A. Worp ca. 10/11 Thebes (South

Karnak)

346

* All dates are CE unless otherwise indicated.

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List of Texts

xiii 58–63,

65–66

Tax Receipts (for Bath, Dyke and Poll Taxes)

K. A. Worp 22.8.29 (58);

1.6.34 (59); late I BCE–early I (60);

1.5.22(61);

9.4.23(62);

23/24(63);

19 or 20 or 23.2.127 (65); 130–150 (66);

Thebes (South Karnak)

334

6 Récupération d’outils de briquetiers

J. Bingen† vers la 2e m. du Ier s. Arsinoïte (?) 37 11 Reçu pour des marsippoi H. Cuvigny 24 juillet 96 Xèron 68

68–69 Descripta K. A. Worp I (?) Thebes (South

Karnak)

347 4 Account of Oxen G. Azzarello and

F. Reiter

late I–early II Fayum 21 47 Rider to a Cession Contract D. M. Ratzan I–II Oxyrhynchite 267 49 Acknowledgements of Debt T. S. Richter I–II Theban area (?) 285 34 Property Division F. A. J. Hoogendijk I–II Memphis 149

12 Lettre d’une femme H. Cuvigny 115–130 Xèron 70

32 Report to the strategos A. E. Hanson ca. 116/117 Apollonopolite Heptakomias

133 31 Auszug aus einem

diastroma

D. Hagedorn and B. Kramer

nach 138 Ptolemais Euergetis

128 30 Penthemeros-Quittung D. Hagedorn and

B. Kramer

26. Juni 158 Theadelphia 126 38 Census Declaration A. Luijendijk 174 (?) Oxyrhynchus 191 8 Translation of a Letter of

the praefectus Aegypti

A. Bülow-Jacobsen 186–187 Mons Claudianus

47

56 Census Return P. van Minnen 189 Hermopolis 317

29 Bericht über einen Gefangenentransport

D. Hagedorn and B. Kramer

Ende II. / Anf. III. Jh.

(vor 212)

Diopolites parvus (Thebais)

119 7 Private Letter about Court

Proceedings

A. K. Bowman II/III (?) Arsinoite Nome (?)

41 3 Agnitio bonorum

possessionis

J.-J. Aubert 212 or later (perhaps 239)

Oxyrhynchus 17 5 Frammento di testamento G. Bastianini 28.9.213 Ossirinco 31 45 Rapporto allo stratego R. Pintaudi 27/28 nov.–26/27

dic., 229–234

Ossirinco 241 70 Register of Letters U. Yiftach-Firanko 6.–25.5.232 Arsinoitês 349 55 Letter from the Theophanes

Archive

J. D. Thomas early IV Hermopolis 311

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List of Texts

xiv

43 Inventory of Columns A. Papaconstantinou second quarter of IV or later

Arsinoe or Oxyrhynchus

215 36 Beeidete Erklärung über

die Umbuchung adärierter Naubien

A. Jördens 347 Oxyrhynchos 177

27 Plainte au praeses J. Gascou vers 397–398 Hermopolis 107 52 Order for Delivery J. Sheridan Moss late IV unknown 299

2 Work Schedule R. Ast IV (?) Oxyrhynchite 9

33 Labor Contract for a pronoētēs

T. M. Hickey and J. G. Keenan

June 11, 496 Oxyrhynchus 141

54 Record of Payment T. Teeter VI–VII unknown 307

44 Brief über kirchliche Angelegenheiten

A. Papathomas VI–VII unbekannt 233

39 Coptic Letter L. S. B. MacCoull VII (?) Middle Egypt (?) 197 40 Invocation A. Martin 2e m. du VIIe s. ou

début du VIIIe s.

Fayoum 201 28 Register of Requisitions N. Gonis early VIII Aphrodito 115 53 Arabic Lease of Land P. M. Sijpesteijn 24.7–23.8.860 Fayum 301

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51. List of the Parts of the Forearm and Hand

Paul Schubert

P.Gen. inv. 512 8.5 x 7 cm III

Provenance unknown

This fragment was acquired either by the egyptologist Édouard Naville on behalf of the hellenist Jules Nicole around 1892, or by Jules Nicole himself in Cairo during his visit in 1896–1897.1 We have no precise record of the purchase. There are some slight remains of a first column of text, followed by a second column, the left three fifths of which are preserved. The top is missing; at the bottom, a narrow margin suggests that the text is complete. The writing, a practiced uncial with some cursive elements in it, in charcoal ink, dates from the third century.2 The extant text is divided into sections which have been marked with ὀβελοί (i.e. forked παράγραφοι, lines 3/4 and 10). These few lines display a rather high proportion of spelling mistakes: θ̣αρ̣ϲό̣[ϲ for ταρϲόϲ (3), μεικ̣ρόϲ for μικρόϲ (5), φ̣άλ̣[αγ]|γ̣ε for φάλαγγεϲ (8–9), ϲκυδαλ[ί]δεϲ for ϲκυταλίδεϲ (9), ἄθρα for ἄρθρα (9), [ῥιζω|ν]υ̣χί̣αιϲ for ῥιζωνυχίαι (9–10). This must have been a somewhat careless or incompetent copyist. The back of the papyrus is blank.

The preserved portion of the papyrus contains two sections, each clearly marked by an ὀβελόϲ.

In the first section (1–3), the title of which is lost, we find a list of the bones of the forearm. Lines 5–12 consist of a list of fingers and of parts of fingers, made explicit by the presence of a title in line 4 (δά̣κ̣τ̣υ̣λ̣[οι]). This papyrus fragment was presumably part of a more complete catalogue, which may have extended to the parts of the whole human body.

This kind of nomenclature can be compared with two parallels from authors who were active in Egypt in the second century, namely the medical writer Rufus of Ephesus and the grammarian Pollux (passages provided below, after the text of the papyrus). It is worth underlining the fact that Rufus lists the parts of the body from a medical perspective: his aim is to teach a prospective student how to treat the body. Pollux, on the other hand, is collecting the nomenclature of the body parts among many other items that seem interesting to him as a man of learning and a lover of the Greek language—especially Attic.

There are other papyrus fragments of similar content. Some texts published at an earlier date are to be found in M.-H. Marganne’s Index analytique des papyrus grecs de médecine (Genève 1981), which is supplemented for the papyri published at a later date by the CEDOPAL database (MP3).3

Date Marganne MP3 Contents

P.Iand. V 82 II/I BCE 95 2345 Treatise on the genital system and kidneys.

P.Genova II 514 I 184 2345.2 On the bones.

PSI XII 1275 II 165 2345.1 List of parts of the body: head.

P.Oxy. LXXIV 4974 II/III - - - 2345.21 On the bones: joints.

P.Mich. XVIII 762B III - - - 2345.01 Names of the parts of the body.

Many thanks to Rodney Ast and Hélène Cuvigny for their careful reading of a first version of this edition, and for saving me from some embarrassing blunders.

1 See B. Roth-Lochner (on the basis of a transcript by M. Nicole), “Un voyage en Égypte (1896–1897). Extrait des souvenirs d’Albert Nicole,” in Voyages en Égypte de l’antiquité au début du XXe siècle (Geneva 2003) 245–258.

2 For stylistic parallels, see e.g. P.Oxy. LXIX 4746 (pl. XIV; AD 244–249); P.Gen. IV 166, 13–15 (pl. XXIX; AD 267);

P.Oxy. LXVI 4543 (pl. XX; late III).

3 www2.ulg.ac.be/facphl/services/cedopal

4 Revised edition by I. Andorlini in V. Boudon-Millot (et alii), Ecdotica e ricezione dei testi medici greci. Atti del V Con- vegno Internazionale, Napoli, 1-2 ottobre 2004 (Napoli 2006) 83–91.

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Paul Schubert 296

Referring to the editor of P.Iand. V 82, Marganne (172) recalls the resemblance between this papyrus, which dates back to the Ptolemaic period, and Rufus’s treatise On the Parts of the Body, written in the Roman period. This is consistent with the general idea that Rufus, like many scholars of his time in other fields of learning, would have drawn much of his knowledge from the work of his predecessors, who were active under the Ptolemies and whose writings have been for the most part lost. In the case of our papyrus, on the other hand, much the reverse seems to have happened: either the copyist was following some digest of Rufus’s treatise, or more probably both he and Rufus (and Pollux) were drawing from a common background, now lost. We know for instance that Herophilus, who was active in Alexandria in the first part of the third century BCE, wrote on the nomenclature of the bones (see below, note on line 2).

At a more advanced level of medical training, knowledge of the nomenclature would be implicit, as for example in the following passage of Galen’s treatise De anatomicis administrationibus (vol. II p. 318 [Kühn]): πολλάκιϲ γὰρ ὁ ἕτεροϲ αὐτῶν μῦϲ τόν θ᾿ οἷον λιχανὸν καὶ τὸν μικρὸν δάκτυλον, ὁ δ᾿ ἕτεροϲ τὸν μέϲον καὶ τὸν παράμεϲον, ἀμφότεροι δὲ κοιναῖϲ ἀποφύϲεϲιν ἑνωθέντεϲ τὸν μέγαν κινοῦϲιν, “For often one of the muscles (moves), for example, the index and the little finger, whereas the other moves the middle and the ring fingers, but both muscles joined together by common apophyses move the thumb.” In order to understand such a passage, a prospective student of medicine had to learn first the names of the precise words used to describe the parts of the body.

Diplomatic transcription

→ col. i

illegible traces col. ii

- - - κ̣ ̣[ ̣] ̣ ̣ ̣[

χυ̣ϲκ̣ερκ ̣[ ̣]κα̣ρπ̣[

πιονοιδεθ̣αρ̣ϲο̣[

>––––––––

4 δα̣κ̣ ̣ ̣λ̣[

μεικ̣ροϲπαρα̣μ ̣[

[ ̣]ι̣χανοϲμεγαϲ[

[ ̣ ̣] ̣καλειταιμ[ ̣ ̣]α̣ ̣[

8 [ ̣] ̣οικ ̣[ ̣ ̣]υ̣ ̣ο̣ι̣φ̣α ̣[

̣εϲκυδαλ[ ̣] ̣εϲαθρα[

[ ̣] ̣χι̣αιϲον̣ ̣ ̣ε̣ϲκορ̣[

[>]––––––––

Text

col. ii

- - -

κ̣ ̣[ ̣] ̣ ̣ ̣[ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ πῆ-]

χυϲ, κ̣ερκί̣[ϲ], κα̣ρπ̣[όϲ, μετακάρ-]

πιον, οἱ δὲ θ̣αρ̣ϲό̣[ϲ. ] >––––––––

4 δά̣κ̣τ̣υ̣λ̣[οι ]

μεικ̣ρόϲ, παρά̣με̣[ϲοϲ, μέϲοϲ,]

[λ]ι̣χανόϲ, μέγαϲ. [τὰ δὲ ϲτοι-]

[χεῖ]α̣ καλεῖται μ[ετ]α̣κ̣[όν-]

8 [δυ]λ̣οι, κό̣[νδ]υ̣λ̣ο̣ι̣, φ̣άλ̣[αγ-]

γ̣ε<ϲ>, ϲκυδαλ[ί]δ̣εϲ, ἄ<ρ>θρα, [ῥιζω-]

[ν]υ̣χί̣αι{ϲ}, ὄν̣υ̣χ̣ε̣ϲ, κορ̣[υφαί.]

[>]–––––––

3 l. ταρϲόϲ 5 l. μικρόϲ 9 l. ϲκυταλίδεϲ

(…) forearm [ulna], shuttle [radius], carpus, metakarpion, some (say) the tarsus.

Fingers

Little (finger), next to middle [ring finger], middle finger, licker [index], large [thumb]. The parts are called back-knuckles, knuckles, phalanges, finger-bones, joints, roots of the nails, nails, finger-tips.

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51. List of the Parts of the Forearm and Hand 297 Parallel Texts

Rufus, On the Parts of the Body 80–86

τῶν δὲ ὀϲτῶν τοῦ ἀγκῶνοϲ, τὸ μὲν ὑποτεταγμένον, πῆχυϲ, τὸ δὲ ἐπικείμενον, κερκίϲ· περαίνει δὲ ταῦτα πρὸϲ τὸν καρπόν. τὸ δὲ ἐφεξῆϲ τοῦ καρποῦ πλατὺ καὶ ϲυμφυέϲ, μετακάρπιον, καὶ ταρϲόϲ·

εἶτα δάκτυλοι. χεὶρ δὲ τὸ ὅλον ἀπὸ τοῦ ὤμου καὶ ᾧ κρατοῦμεν. δακτύλων δὲ ὁ μέν τιϲ μέγαϲ, ἀφεϲτηκὼϲ τῶν ἄλλων· ὁ δὲ λιχανόϲ, ὁ πρῶτοϲ τῶν τεϲϲάρων· ὁ δὲ μέϲοϲ, ὁ δὲ παράμεϲοϲ, ὁ δὲ μικρόϲ. τὰ δὲ ὀϲτᾶ αὐτῶν, ϲκυταλίδεϲ καὶ φάλαγγεϲ· τὰ δὲ πρῶτα ἄρθρα προκόνδυλοι, τὰ δὲ ἐφεξῆϲ κόνδυλοι, τὰ δὲ τελευταῖα μετα- κόνδυλοι. αἱ δὲ τῶν ὀνύχων ἀρχαί, ῥιζωνύχια·

τὰ δὲ ἔϲωθεν πέρατα τῶν δακτύλων, ῥᾶγεϲ, καὶ κορυφαί.

Among the bones of the forearm, the lower one is the ulna, the upper one is the shuttle [radius]; those two extend to the wrist. The part following the wrist is broad and compact; (then) the metacarpus and the palm;5 then the fingers. Cheir applies to the whole (limb) starting from the shoulder, and by which we hold (things). Among the fingers, one is called the “large one” [thumb], which is separated from the others; then the “licker” [index], the first of the (remaining) four; then the “middle finger,”

the “next to middle” [ring finger], the “little finger.”

Their bones are the “finger-bones” and “phalanges.”

The first joints are the “fore-knuckles,” the next ones are the “knuckles,” and the last ones are the “back- knuckles.” The foreparts of the nails are the “roots of the nails”; the extremities of the fingers from within are the “grapes” and the “finger-tips.”6

Pollux, Onomasticon 2.142–143 and 145–156 τῶν μέντοι περὶ τῷ πήχει δύο ὀϲτῶν τὸ ϲμικρό- τερον κερκὶϲ ὀνομάζεται καὶ παραπήχειον, ὡϲ τοῦ μείζονοϲ ἔχοντοϲ τὴν τοῦ πήχεωϲ προϲηγο- ρίαν, ὃ καὶ προπήχειόν τινεϲ καλοῦϲιν. οὗ τὸ πέραϲ καρπὸϲ ὀνομάζεται, ϲυγκείμενον ἐξ ὀϲτῶν ὀκτώ. καὶ προκάρπιον μὲν καλεῖται τὸ πρὸ τοῦ καρποῦ—τῷ δὲ καρπῷ καὶ προβολή τιϲ ἀϲτρα- γάλῳ προϲφερὴϲ ϲυμπέφυκεν—, μετακάρπιον δὲ τὸ πρὸ τῶν δακτύλων πλατυνόμενον, ἀφ’ οὗ εἰϲ ἐκείνουϲ ἡ χεὶρ ϲχίζεται. (…)

Of the two bones in the forearm, the smaller one is called “shuttle” [radius] and parapechion; for the larger bone bears the name of the forearm [i.e.

pechus], which some call also propechion. The extremity thereof is called karpos; it consists of eight bones. The part before the palm is called pro- karpion—attached to the palm, there is a protruding bone resembling a knucklebone—and metakarpion (is the name of) the broad part before the fingers, from which the hand divides into the fingers. (…) ὀνομάζονται δὲ οἱ δάκτυλοι μικρόϲ, παράμεϲοϲ,

μέϲοϲ, λιχανόϲ, ἀντίχειρ ἢ μέγαϲ. τὰ δ᾿ ἐπὶ τῷ μετακαρπίῳ πρὸ τῶν κονδύλων μετακόνδυλα, ὧν τὰ μὲν κάτω ἄρθρα, τὰ δ᾿ ὑπὸ ταῖϲ φάλαγξι ῥιζωνυχίαι· ἐξ αὐτῶν γὰρ αἱ τῶν ὀνύχων ἀρχαί.

μεθ᾿ ἃϲ ὄνυχεϲ, ὑφ᾿ οἷϲ τὰ νεῦρα παύεϲθαι λέγουϲιν· ὧν τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τῷ ὄνυχι κρυπτά, τὰ δ᾿

ἄνωθεν ἄργεμοι, τὰ δ᾿ ἑκατέρωθεν παρωνυχίαι, τὰ δὲ μετ᾿ αὐτὰϲ γωνίαι. τὸ δὲ πρὸϲ ταῖϲ ῥιζωνυ- χίαιϲ λευκὸν ἀνατολή. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπιφαινόμενα τοῖϲ ὄνυξι νεφέλια, τὰ δ᾿ ἔνδοθεν τῶν δακτύλων πέρατα ῥᾶγέϲ τε καὶ κορυφαί.

The fingers are called the “small one,” the “next to middle” [ring finger], the “middle,” the “licker”

[index], the “opposite hand” or “large one” [thumb].

The parts at the metacarpal before the knuckles are the “back-knuckles,” of which the lower parts are “joints,” whereas the parts under the phalanges are the “roots of the nails”: for it is from them that the nails start. After those, there are the “nails,”

under which it is said that the nerves end. Belonging to the nails, what is under the nail (is called) “the hidden part,” the upper part, “the whites,” what is on either side, the “nail-sides,” and what is beyond

5 The word ταρϲόϲ is used both for the hand (bones of the back of the hand), and for the foot (bones between the heel and the toes).

6 The ῥᾶγεϲ (litt. “grapes”) correspond to the soft part under the distal phalanx, i.e. the last bone of the finger. The κορυφαί are the tips properly speaking.

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Paul Schubert 298

the nails, the “corners.” The white part near the roots of the nails is called the “rising.” The spots that appear on the nails are called “little clouds,” whereas the inner part of the extremities of fingers are called the “grapes” and the “tips.”

2 κ̣ερκί̣[ϲ]: Herophilus of Alexandria, in the third century BC, is said to have called also the tibia κερκίϲ. See Herophilus fr. 129 von Staden (= Ruf., De nominatione partium hominis 123 [p. 149 Daremberg—Ruelle]), Ἡρόφιλοϲ δὲ καὶ τὴν κνήμην κερκίδα ὀνομάζει.

3 θ̣αρ̣ϲό̣[ϲ]: a misspelling for ταρϲόϲ, possibly from a confusion with θάρϲοϲ “courage.”

5 μεικ̣ρόϲ: the little finger is also called μύωψ “goad, spur”; see ΣOpp. Hal. 3.254: μύωψ ὁ μικρὸϲ δάκτυλοϲ.

[μέϲοϲ]: the middle finger is also given the obscene name of καταπύγων “bugger”; see Pollux, Onomasticon 2.184, as interpreted by LSJ.

6 [λ]ι̣χανόϲ: litt. the “licker,” from λείχω “to lick.” Finger names are often linked to their potential use, like Lat. index “pointer, accuser,” or French “auriculaire,” from Late Lat. auricula “ear,” for the little finger, used to clean the ear. See also note on line 5, μεικ̣ρόϲ.

Université de Genève

No. 51

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