• Aucun résultat trouvé

The Use of Thermal Techniques for the Characterization and Selection of Natural Biomaterials

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "The Use of Thermal Techniques for the Characterization and Selection of Natural Biomaterials"

Copied!
20
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

To link to this article: DOI: 10.3390/jfb2030230 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb2030230

This is an author-deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/

Eprints ID: 5588

To cite this version:

Samouillan, Valérie and Delaunay, Florian and Dandurand, Jany and Merbahi, Nofel and Gardou, Jean-Pierre and Yousfi, Mohammed and Gandaglia, Alessandro and Spina, Michel and Lacabanne, Colette The Use of Thermal Techniques for the Characterization and Selection of Natural Biomaterials. (2011) Journal of Functional Biomaterials, vol. 2 (n° 3). pp. 230-248. ISSN 2079-4983

Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.

Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: staff-oatao@listes.diff.inp-toulouse.fr

(2)

!"#$%&''(%)*+,-%'%-'%.

!"#$%"#&'# !"()*+# ",!-./0"%#'&(#1!"#2!*(*,1"(.3*1.&-#*-4#

5"+",1.&-#&'#6*10(*+#7.&)*1"(.*+%#

8*+9(."#5*)&0.++*-#:;<;#=+&(.*-#>"+*0-*?#:;#@*-?#>*-40(*-4#:;#6&'"+#A"(B*!.#C;## @"*-DE."(("#F*(4&0#C;#A&!*))"4#G&0%'.#C;#H+"%%*-4(&#F*-4*I+.*#J;#A.,!"+#5K.-*#J## *-4#2&+"11"#L*,*B*--"#:# $ . /012"345. 52./!6178952:.;<2="=4=.>?9<!=.>;@;ABC.DA@E%FE:.D<"G592"=H./?46.I?,?="59:.$$F.9!4=5. 5.J?9,!<<5:.K?=.'@$K-:.'$%L-.C!46!425.>5 5M:.N9?<O5. -. PB/PB>Q:.DA@.>J@I.E-$':.D<"G592"=H./?46.I?,?="59:.$$F.@!4=5. 5.J?9,!<<5:.'$%L-.C!46!425. >5 5M.(:.N9?<O5. ' . R"S?9="75<=!. ".IO"5<T5.K"!75 "O05.IS59"75<=?6":.D<"G592"=U. "./? !G?:.V"?65.>!6!7,!.':.. 'E$'$./? !G?:.;=?61.

W. B4=0!9.=!.X0!7.O!9952S!< 5<O5.20!46 .,5.? 95225 Y.QZA?"6#.G2?7!4[O"O=&+9Y.. C56&#.\''ZEL$EELF$LY.N?M#.\''ZEL$EEL--$&

HB%1(*,1M# ;<. =0"2. S?S59. X5. 5MS6!95. =05. ?,"6"=1. !+. =0597?6. ?<?612"2. =!. O05O]. 56?2="<. ?< . O!66?^5<. "<=5^9"=1. "<. "++595<=. ,"!7?=59"?6. ?SS6"O?="!<2&. R"++595<="?6. IO?<<"<^. >?6!9"75=91. _RI>`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

N"?O&(4%M# 56?2="<.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<Y.O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<Y. "++595<="?6.2O?<<"<^.O?6!9"75=91Y. =0597?6.2=?,"6"=1.

(3)

:P#Q-1(&40,1.&-#

R5G56!S75<=.!+.,"!7?=59"?62.425 .?2.24,2="=4=52.!+.=05.5M=9?O56646?9. 7?=9"M. +!9. =05.95S6?O575<=.!+. O?9 "!G?2O46?9. ="22452. "<. ?22!O"?=5 . S?=0!6!^"52. _?=059!2O659!2"2:. ?<5491272. ?< . O?9 "?O. G?6G46!S?=0"52`. !9. =05. 95?6"T?="!<. !+. 2]"<. 24,2="=4=52. "2. ?. ^95?=. O0?665<^5. +!9. 95S?"9. 75 "O"<5&. K"!S9!2=052"2. O!<O5"G"<^. +9!7. 5M!^5<"O. ?<"7?6. ="22452. "2. ?. S9!7"2"<^. "2245. =!. 95?6"T5. 7?=59"?62. =0?=. 7"7"O.=05.75O0?<"O?6.S9!S59="52.!+.!9"^"<?6.="22452:.?66!X"<^.?.95S!S46?="!<.,1.S?="5<=2a.!X<.O5662.b$Z'c&.. N!9. =X!. 5O? 52:. 5=59^5<=. ?< . 5<T17?="O. S9!=!O!62. 0?G5. ,55<. !S="7"T5 . =!.!,=?"<. <!<. ?<="^5<"O. 5M=9?O56646?9. 7?=9"O52:. S95259G"<^. =05. 7?"<. +",9"66?9. S9!=5"<2. 24O0. ?2. O!66?^5<:. 952S!<2",65. +!9. 75O0?<"O?6. 2=95<^=0. ?< . 56?2="<:. 952S!<2",65. +!9. 56?2="O"=1. bdZLc&. J5G59=056522:. =05. 49?,"6"=1. !+. 24O0. ,"!S9!2=05252. 742=. ,5. "7S9!G5 . ,1. =05. 75O0?<"O?6. 2=?,"6"T?="!<. !+. +",9"66?9. S9!=5"<2. ?< . =05"9. S95259G"<^.?^?"<2=.S9!=5!61="O. 5^9? ?="!<."2.<5O522?91.=!.?.O!7S65=5.95O56646?9"T?="!<.be:Fc&..

C05. +?"6495. !+. =05. 7?"<. 7?=59"?62. 95246=2. +9!7. ?. O!7,"<?="!<. !+. 5^9? ?="!<:. O?6O"+"O?="!<. !9. "<?SS9!S9"?=5.="2245.!G59^9!X=0.b(:$%c&.C05.75O0?<"27.!+.O?6O"+"O?="!<."2.2="66.4<O65?9:.,4=.25572.=!.,5. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. ,!=0. O566. 757,9?<5. 957<?<=2. ?< . ^64=?9?6 501 5. =95?=75<=&. ;< 55 . =0"2. =95?=75<=:. =0!4^0=.=!.95 4O5."774<!^5<"O"=1:.5<24952.249G"G?6.!+.=05."7S6?<=.,1.2=?,"6"T"<^.=05.M5<!^5<5"O.="2245. ?^?"<2=.S9!=5"<. 5^9? ?="!<.b$$c:.,1.?.O9!22Z6"<]"<^.?O="!<:.?2.X566.?2.S9!=5"<. 5<?=49?="!<."< 4O5 .,1. ?<="O?6O"+"O?="!<.=95?=75<=2.b$-c!.f!X5G59:."=.O?<.?62!."< 4O5.O1=!=!M"O"=1.b$'c.?< .O0?<^5.=05.7?=59"?6

.

75O0?<"O?6.S9!S59="52.b$d:$Ec&..

C05. S9525<=. X!9]. "2. 5G!=5 . =05. O0?9?O=59"T?="!<. !+. <?=49?6. ,"!7?=59"?62. +!9. O?9 "!G?2O46?9. ?SS6"O?="!<2.,1.=05.425.!+.R"++595<="?6.IO?<<"<^.>?6!9"75=91._RI>`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b$Lc&.C05.=X!.+"92=.?SS6"O?="!<2. 5?6.X"=0.O057"O?6.!9.S012"O?6. 7! "+"O?="!<2.!+.O!66?^5<&.C05.=0"9 .?SS6"O?="!<."2. 5G!=5 .=!.=05.5G?64?="!<.!+.2=94O=49?6.7! "+"O?="!<2. ?< .S!22",65. ?7?^5.!+.56?2="<.?< .O!66?^5<."<. 5=59^5<=.=95?=5 .?!9="O.="22452&.

CP#R"%0+1%#*-4#>.%,0%%.&-#

(!)! *+,&-./ 0&'1,&%",2 '3 4.&5"'$.267/.& *"227,2 .#5 8."# 0&'%,"#2

;<.=0"2.+"92=.25O="!<:.X5.95S!9=.=05.=0597?6.S9!S59="52.!+.=0955.O?9 "!G?2O46?9.="22452.X" 561.425 ."<. 75 "O?6. ?SS6"O?="!<2#. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47:. O!<2"2="<^. 7?"<61. !+. O!66?^5<. =1S5. ;:. X0"O0. "2. ?. 956?="G561. 2"7S65.?< .4<"+!97.="2245:. S!9O"<5.G?6G46?9. 65?+65=. ?< .S!9O"<5.?!9="O.X?662:.X0"O0.?95.7!95. O!7S65M. ="22452:.=1S"O?661. +",59. 95"<+!9O5 .O!7S!2"=5. 7?=59"?62.b$ec&.;<.=05.?!9="O.X?66.?< .G?6G46?9. 65?+65=:.=05. 56?2="<.O!<=5<=.?OO!4<=5 .+!9.?,!4=.L%g.?< .Lg.!+.=05.=!=?6. 91.X5"^0=.X0"65.=05.O!9952S!< "<^.G?6452. +!9. O!66?^5<. X595. -'g. ?< . e%g:. 952S5O="G561. b$Fc&. ;<. !9 59. =!. 2S5O"+1. =05. !9"^"<. !+. =05. =0597?6. =9?<2"="!<2. !+. =05. =0955. ="22452:. =05. O0?9?O=59"T?="!<. !+. 56?2="<. _S49"+"5 . +9!7. ,!G"<5. <4O0?5. 6"^?75<=47`.?< .O!66?^5<.=1S5.;._5M=9?O=5 .+9!7.K!G"<5.BO0"665a2.=5< !<`.X?2.S59+!975 &.

(4)

. -&$&$&.>0?9?O=59"T?="!<."<.=05.f1 9?=5 .I=?=5.

N"^495.$. "2S6?12.=05.RI>.=0597!^9?72._+"92=.2O?<2`.!+.+9520.,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47:. 01 9?=5 .56?2="<. ?< .01 9?=5 .=1S5.;.O!66?^5<&.

=.I0("# :P# R"++595<="?6. IO?<<"<^. >?6!9"75=91. _RI>`. =0597!^9?72. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47:. O!66?^5<. =1S5. ;. ?< . 56?2="<. "<. =05. 01 9?=5 . 2=?=5. 95O!9 5 . ?=. $%. h>)7"<. ,5=X55<. id%. h>.. ?< .(%.h>&.

. .

C05. 756="<^. !+. "O5:. O!9952S!< "<^. =!. +955T?,65. X?=59:. "2. !,259G5 . ?2. ?. 6?9^5. 5< !=0597"O. S5?]. ,5=X55<. iE. =!. -%. h>. ?OO!9 "<^. =!.=05. ="2245&. C0"2. 5M=9"<2"O. =9?<2"="!<. "2. X" 561. 425 . =!. 34?<="+1. =05. ?7!4<=. !+. +955T?,65. X?=59. "<. 01 9?=5 . S9!=5"<2. ?< . ="22452. _,1. "G" "<^. =05. ?95?. !+. =05. 75?2495 . 5< !=0597"O. S5?]. ,1. ''%. j)^:. O!9952S!< "<^. =!.=05. 756="<^. 5<=0?6S1. !+. S495. "O5`:. ?< . O!7S65=52. =05. =0597!^9?G"75=9"O. ?<?61252. =0?=. ^"G5. ?OO522. =!.=05. =!=?6. ?7!4<=. !+. X?=59&. N!9. =05. =0955. 2?7S652:. =05. =!=?6. 01 9?="!<. 65G56. X?2. 20!X<. =!. ,5. 24S59"!9. =!. $. ^)^. !+. 91. S9!=5"<&. K1. ?. 2"7S65. "++595<O5:. =05. ?7!4<=.!+.4<+955T?,65.X?=59k<?7561.,!4< .X?=59.O?<.,5.O?6O46?=5 .?< .X?2.+!4< .534?6.=!.d%g._,1. X5"^0=. !+. 91. 2?7S65`. "<. O!66?^5<. ?< . S59"O?9 "47:. ?< . 'Eg. "<. 56?2="<&. C0525. G?6452:. X0"O0. O!9952S!< . =!. =05. +"66"<^. !+. =05. +"92=. 01 9?="!<. 20566. !+. =05. S9!=5"<2:. ?95. O6!25. =!. 6"=59?=495. ?=?. +!9. ?. X" 5.O6?22.!+.S9!=5"<2.b$(cY.?2.56?2="<.O!<=?"<2.?.6?9^5.S?9=.!+.?S!6?9.952" 452:."=2.?,"6"=1.=!.+"M.X?=59."2. 95 4O5 .X05<.O!7S?95 .=!.O!66?^5<&.C05.5<6?9^575<=.!+.=05.L%lF%.h>.9?<^5.0"^06"^0=2.=05.S9525<O5.!+. ?. 25O!< . 5< !=0597"O. S05<!75<!<. +!9. O!66?^5<. ?< . S59"O?9 "47:. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. =05. 5<?=49?="!<. S05<!75<!<.!+.O!66?^5<&.;=."2.X566Z]<!X<.=0?=.?.O0?9?O=59"2="O.+5?=495.!+.O!66?^5<."2.=05.=9"S65.056"O?6. 2=94O=495. !+. =0955. 65+=Z0?< 5 . S!61S9!6"<5. =1S5. 056"O52. =X"2=5 . "<=!. ?. 9"^0=Z0?< 5 . 24S59056"M&. C05. +!97?="!<. !+. 24O0. ?. 2=94O=495. "2. 45. =!. =05. 95S5?="<^. 25345<O5. m61ZnZo:. X0595. n. ?< . o. ?95. !+=5<. S9!6"<5.?< .01 9!M1S9!6"<5:.952S5O="G561:.?< .01 9!^5<.,!< "<^.=?]52.S6?O5.,5=X55<.O0?"<2.X"=0"<.=05. =9"S65. 056"M&. p<. 05?="<^:. =05. =9"S65. 056"M. 4<+!6 2. =!. S9! 4O5. 9?< !7. O0?"<2. !+. ^56?="<. b-%c:. =0?=. O?<. 957?"<. O!G?65<=61. 6"<]5 . =!. 5?O0. !=059. !9. <!=. 5S5< "<^. !<. =05. 5^955. !+. 05?="<^. b-$:--c&. C05. 5<?=49?="!<. S05<!75<!<. Z "2="<O=. +9!7. 5^9? ?="!<Z. "7S6"52. =0?=.=05. 94S=495.!+. "<=59O0?"<. 01 9!^5<.

(5)

,!< 2. 65? 2. =!. =05. +!97?="!<. !+. ?<. ?7!9S0!42. S!61759:. O?665 . ^56?="<&. C05. 5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592. =0?=.X5.+!4< .X595.01 9?=5 .O!66?^5<.=1S5.;._C .q.eF&'.h>.?< . f .q.de&F.j)^&.C0525.?95.O6!25.=!.=05. =0597?6. S?9?75=592.!+. +4661. 01 9?=5 .9?=.=?"6. =5< !<. 95S!9=5 . "<. =05. 6"=59?=495. b-'c#. C . q. LE&$. h>. ?< .. f . q. EF&EE. j)^&. C05. 0"^0. 5<=0?6S1. !+. 4<+!6 "<^. O!66?^5<. "775925 . "<. X?=59. "2. =0!4^0=. =!. 59"G5. 7?"<61. +9!7. =05. ,95?]"<^. !+. 01 9!^5<. ,!< 2. +!97"<^. =05. 01 9?="!<. <5=X!9]. ?9!4< . =05. O!66?^5<. 7!65O4652. b-dZ-Lc&. C05. 01 9!^5<. ,!< "<^. 7?1. ,5. !7"<?=5 . ,1. =05. <47,59. ?< . 6?1!4=. !+. =05. rM5 . 01 9!^5<. ,!< "<^. 2"=52. !<. =05. O!66?^5<. "=256+:. 5&^&:. >qp:. Jlf:. ?< . 01 9!M16. ^9!4S2. !<.. 01 9!M1ZS9!6"<5:.=0?=.?95.5MS!25 .=!.=05.2!6G5<=.?< .?G?"6?,65.+!9.24SS!9="<^.01 9!^5<Z,!< 5 .2!6G5<=. ,9" ^52. b-dZ-ec&. C05. =0597!^9?7. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47:. ?. O!66?^5<. 9"O0. ="2245:. S9525<=2. 2!75. ?<?6!^"52.X"=0. =05. O!66?^5<. =1S5. ;. =0597!^9?7. S95G"!4261. ?<?61T5 &. C05. 5<?=49?="!<. =57S59?=495. !+. O!66?^5<. "<. =05. S59"O?9 "47. "2. +!4< . ?=. L(&F. h>:. ?< . =05. ?22!O"?=5 . 5<=0?6S1. "2. L$&e. j)^:. ?2. 9!4^061. !,259G5 ."<.6"=59?=495.!<.O?9 "!G?2O46?9.="22452.bdc&.C05. "++595<O52.!,259G5 .,5=X55<.=05. 5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592.!+.,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.?< .O!66?^5<.=1S5.;.5M=9?O=5 .+9!7.?.,!G"<5.=5< !<.O?<.,5.5MS6?"<5 . ,1.=05. "++595<O52."<.O!66?^5<.=1S5._"<.S59"O?9 "47.O!5M"2=.=1S5.;.?< .=1S5.;;;.O!66?^5<2`:.,1.=05.S49"=1. !+. =05. ="2245. _56?2="<. ?< . ^61O!?7"<!^61O?<2. ?95. O!<259G5 . "<. S59"O?9 "47`:. ?< . ,1. =05. "++595<=. S?O]"<^.!+.+",592."< 4O"<^.5<=9!S"O.5++5O=2&.

;<. O!<=9?2=. X"=0. O!66?^5<. ?< . ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47:.=05.=0597!^9?7. !+. 56?2="<. !52. <!=. S9525<=. ?<1. "<=9"<2"O.5< !=0597"O.S5?]Y.=05.!<61.5< !=0597"O.S5?].!,259G5 ."2.?22!O"?=5 .X"=0.=05.756="<^.!+."O5.?=. ?9!4< .%.h>&.>!<=9?91.=!.O!66?^5<:.56?2="<. !52.<!=.S!22522.?.6!<^Z9?<^5.!9 59:.?< .?6=0!4^0. "++595<=. 25O!< ?91.O!<+!97?="!<2."<.=0"2.S9!=5"<:."=.O?<.,5.O!<2" 595 .?2.?7!9S0!42.+!9.=05.S012"O?6.2=94O=495:. X0"O0. "2. "<. ^!! . ?^95575<=. X"=0. =05. C?7,499!a2. 7! 56. !<. 6?,"65:. 1<?7"O. !. =49<2. "<. 01 9!S0!,"O. !7?"<2.b-Fc.?< .=05.R?^^5==a2.7! 56.b-(c.=0?=. 52O9",52.01 9!S0!,"O. !7?"<2.!+.56?2="<.?2.O!7S?O=. ?7!9S0!42.2=94O=4952&. BOO!9 "<^.=!. 6"=59?=495. ?=?:.=05.!<61.=9?<2"="!<. 5=5O=?,65. +!9. 56?2="<. "2.?.^6?22. =9?<2"="!<:.<?7561.?.S254 !Z25O!< .!9 59.=9?<2"="!<.?22!O"?=5 .X"=0.?.*47S.!+.=05.2S5O"+"O.05?=."<.RI>. =0597!^9?72.?< . 45.=!.=05.=9?<2"="!<.+9!7.?.^6?221.=!.?.94,,59.2=?=5.b'%Z''c&.s5.20!X5 ."<.?.S95G"!42. X!9].b'dc.=0?=.X?=59.?O=2.?2.?.2=9!<^.S6?2="O"T59.+!9.56?2="<:.6!X59"<^.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.=57S59?=495.C^. "<. ?. 2S5O=?O46?9. 7?<<59. +9!7. -%%. h>:. "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . 2=?=5:. =!. =05. 9!!7. =57S59?=495. +!9. ?. '%g. 01 9?="!<. 65G56&. N!9. 0"^059. 01 9?="!<. 65G562. _td%g`. =05. 5M"2=5<O5. !+. ?. 7"<"7?6. ^6?22. =9?<2"="!<. =57S59?=495. 0?2.,55<.5G" 5<O5 .?=.%.h>:. X05<.56?2="<. +",592.O!<=?"<. +955T?,65.X?=59&.;<.=0"2.O?25:. =05. 7!="!<2.!+.2!75.=5<2.!+.<?<!75=592.?6!<^.=05.S!61S5S=" "O.O0?"<2.?95.,6!O]5 .4<="6.=05.,5^"<<"<^.!+. "O5.756="<^&.I!."<.=0"2.O?25:.=05.2S5O"+"O.2=5S.!+.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<."2.24S59"7S!25 .!<.=05.5< !=0597"O. S5?].!+."O5.756="<^.?2.20!X5 ."<.=05.N"^495.$&.

-&$&-&.>0?9?O=59"T?="!<."< =05.N955T5ZR9"5 .I=?=5

N"^495.-.20!X2.=05.=0597!^9?72.O!<O59<"<^.=05.25O!< .2O?<2.!+.+955T5Z 9"5 .="22452._S59"O?9 "47:. ?!9="O.65?+65=.?< .?!9="O.G?6G5`:.O!66?^5<.=1S5.;.?< .56?2="<&.

(6)

=.I0("#CP#RI>.=0597!^9?72.!+.,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47:.S!9O"<5.G?6G46?9.65?+65=:.S!9O"<5.?!9="O. X?66:.O!66?^5<.=1S5.;.?< .56?2="<."<.=05. 501 9?=5 .2=?=5.95O!9 5 .?=.-%.h>)7"<.,5=X55<.d%. ?< .-E%.h>.?+=59.?.+"92=.2O?<.S59+!975 .,5=X55<.'%.?< .$E%.h>&.

. .

C05. +"92=.2O?<.S59+!975 . ,5=X55<.d%.?< .$E%. h>. "2. <!=.20!X<:.2"<O5. "=. "2.!<61.O0?9?O=59"T5 . ,1. ?. ,9!? .5< !=0597"O.S5?].?9!4< .$%%.h>.?22!O"?=5 .X"=0.X?=59.,!4< . 5S?9=495.+!9.?66.=05.2?7S652.b$Fc&. ;<.=05.25O!< .2O?<2.95S!9=5 .0595."<=9"<2"O.=9?<2"="!<2.O?<.,5.!,259G5 .+!9.?66.=05.2?7S652&.N!9.O!66?^5<. =1S5. ;:. =05. 5< !=0597"O. S5?]. !+. 5<?=49?="!<. "2. !,259G5 . +!9. C . q. --E. h>:. X"=0. ?<. 5<=0?6S1. ?95?.. f . q. e&%E. j)^&. C0525. G?6452:. G591. "2="<O=. +9!7. X0?=. +!4< . "<. =05. 01 9?=5 . 2=?=5:. ?95. 2"7"6?9. =!. =0597?6.S?9?75=592.!+.S495.+955T5Z 9"5 .O!66?^5<.^5<59?661.!,259G5 ."<.6"=59?=495.b-'c&.;<.=0"2.O?25:.=05. G?645.!+.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.5<=0?6S1.!+.O!66?^5<.+!9.01 9?="!<.uLg._O!9952S!< "<^.=!.6522.=0?<.!<5.7!65. !+.X?=59.S59.=9"S5S=" 5`."2.?22"^<5 .7?"<61.=!.=05.,95?]"<^.!+.=05. "95O=.01 9!^5<.,!< 2.,5=X55<.?6S0?. O0?"<2&. C0"2. 5< !=0597"O. S5?]:. =0?=. O?<. ,5. ?22"^<5 . ?2. ?. +"92=. !9 59. =9?<2"="!<. "2. <!=. 95G592",65. !<. 24OO522"G5. 2O?<2. "<. =05. 91. 2=?=5&. ;<. =0"2. O?25:. !<61. ?. *47S. !+. =05. 2S5O"+"O. 05?=. "2. !,259G5 . ?9!4< .. -%%.h>:.X0"O0."2.?==9",4=5 .=!.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.!+. 5<?=495 .O!66?^5<._"!,!:.^56?="<`:.O0?9?O=59"2="O.!+. "=2.?7!9S0!42.<?=495.b$Fc&.

N!9. 56?2="<:. ?. *47S. !+. =05. 2S5O"+"O. 05?=. "2. !,259G5 . ?=. -%%. h>:. ?2. S95G"!4261. !,259G5 . "<. =05.. 6"=59?=495.b''c&.C0"2.S254 !Z25O!< .!9 59.O!9952S!< 2.=!.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.!+.=05. 91.S9!=5"<&. B2.+!9. O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<:.=0595."2.?. 9?2="O.20"+=.=!X?9 .0"^0.=57S59?=495.!+.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<:. 45.=!.=05. 95S6?O575<=.!+.01 9!^5<.,!< 2.,5=X55<.=05.S!61S5S=" "O.O0?"<.?< .X?=59.,1.01 9!^5<.,!< 2.,5=X55<. S!61S5S=" "O.O0?"<2.X"=0!4=.X?=59.,9" ^52:.?22!O"?=5 .X"=0.,9"==65.?< .2="++59.56?2="<&..

C05.=0597!^9?7.!+.+955T5Z 9"5 .,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.S9525<=2.2=9!<^.?<?6!^1.X"=0.=05.S495.O!66?^5<. =0597!^9?7&. C05. 5<?=49?="!<. S05<!75<!<. "2. 20"+=5 . =!X?9 . 0"^0. =57S59?=495. X05<. O!7S?95 . X"=0. +9520.="2245:.X"=0.C .q.-$d.h>.?< . f .q.$-&'.j)^&.C05. "++595<O52.!,259G5 .,5=X55<.=05. 5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. ?< . S495. O!66?^5<. =1S5. ;. 5M=9?O=5 . +9!7. ,!G"<5. =5< !<. O?<. ,5. 5MS6?"<5 .,1.=05.?9^475<=2.S95G"!4261.^"G5<."<.=05.01 9?=5 .2=?=5&..

(7)

C05.=0597?6.O0?9?O=59"2="O.!+.=05.G?6G46?9.65?+65=.?62!.20!X2.2=9!<^.?<?6!^"52.X"=0.=05.O!66?^5<.?< . S59"O?9 "47. =0597!^9?72#. ?<. 5< !=0597"O. S5?]. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<. "2. !,259G5 . ?=. C .q.-'-&-.h>.X"=0. f .q.$%&'.j)^&.>!<2" 59"<^.=0?=.=05.G?6G46?9.65?+65=.O!<=?"<2.e%g.!+.O!66?^5<.?< . !<61. Lg. !+. 56?2="<:. "=. "2. O!0595<=. =!. !,259G5. !<61. =05. =0597?6. 2"^<?=495. !+. O!66?^5<. "<. =0"2. ]"< . !+. ="22452&.B.S95G"!42.X!9].20!X5 .?.2=9!<^.?<?6!^1.,5=X55<.=05.=0597!^9?72.!+.047?<.G?6G46?9.65?+65=. ?< . S!9O"<5. G?6G46?9. 65?+65=:. O!<+"97"<^. =05. ?,"6"=1. !+. S!9O"<5. ,"!S9!2=05252. =!. 95S6?O5. 047?<. ?!9="O. G?6G52.?=.?.7!65O46?9.65G56.b'E:'Lc&..

N"<?661:. =05. =0597!^9?7. !+. ?!9="O. X?66. "2. =05. 7!95. O!7S65M. !<5#. ?<. 5< !=0597"O. 5G5<=. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0.=05.O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<."2.5G" 5<O5 .?=.C .q.-'d&-.h>.X"=0. f .q.'&(.j)^&.;=."2.X!9=0.<!="<^.=0?=. =05. G?645. !+. 5<?=49?="!<. 5<=0?6S1. G?645. "2. 9!4^061. S9!S!9="!<?6. =!.=05. S59O5<=?^5.!+. O!66?^5<. "<. =05. 2=4 "5 . ="2245. _'&(. j)^. +!9. =05. ?!9="O. X?66:. O!<=?"<"<^. -'g. !+. O!66?^5<:. ?< . $%&'. j)^. +!9. =05. G?6G46?9. 65?+65=:.O!<=?"<"<^.e%g.!+.O!66?^5<`&.C05.=0597?6.2"^<?=495.!+.56?2="<."2.?62!.5G" 5<O5 .?2.?.2=5S.!+.=05. 2S5O"+"O.05?=.?=.-%d&e.h>&.

C05. ?22"^<?="!<. !+. =0597?6. =9?<2"="!<2. O?<. ,5. S59+!975 . "<. O!<=9!6. O?9 "!G?2O46?9. ="22452:. "<. =05. 01 9?=5 .?< . 501 9?=5 .2=?=52&.C05.5G!64="!<.!+. =0525.S?9?75=592.O?<. ,5.425 .=!.O05O].=05. "<=5^9"=1. !+.O!66?^5<. ?< . 56?2="<. "<. ,"!7?=59"?62Y. !<. =0"2. ,?2"2. =0955. ?SS6"O?="!<2. ?95. 5=?"65 . "<. =05.. +!66!X"<^.25O="!<2&.

(!(! 9"&2% :11/"6.%"'#; 4/.22"3"6.%"'# '3 4+,-"6./ *&,.%-,#%2 3'& %+, <%.="/">.%"'# '3 4'//.?,# "# @'$"#, 0,&"6.&5"7-

;<. =0"2. ?SS6"O?="!<. X5. +!O42. !<. =05. O0?9?O=59"T?="!<.!+. O!66?^5<. "<. ?O56646?9. ,!G"<5. O?9 "!G?2O46?9. ="22452:. +9520. !9. ^64=?9?6 501 5. =95?=5 :. ?< . 2=!95 . "<. "++595<=. 2!64="!<2. _S0!2S0?=5. ,4++595 . 2?6"<5. _/KI`:. 5=0?<!6:. !O=?<!6. ?< . ^64?=59?6 501 5`:. =!. 5=597"<5. X05=059. =05. 95246="<^. +",9!42. 7?=59"?6. "2. 2=94O=49?661. S95259G5 &. N"^495. '. 20!X2. =05. RI>. 25O!< . =0597!^9?72. !+. =05. "++595<=61. =95?=5 . ?< . +955T5Z 9"5 .2?7S652&.

=.I0("# JP# RI>. =0597!^9?72. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 2?7S652. "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . 2=?=5. 95O!9 5 .?=.-%.h>)7"<.+9!7.'%.=!.-E%.!9.-F%.h>&.

(8)

. C05.=0597?6.5G5<=2.!OO499"<^."<.=05.$F%l-F%.h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

*B+"# :P. R5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592. !+. =05. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 2?7S652. S!22522"<^. ?.. X566Z 5+"<5 . 5<?=49?="!<.S5?]&.

!"#$%&" '!"#()*&" +,-." -$d&F.v.%&F. $-&'.v.-&d. /01+234" -'%&%.v.%&L. e&F.v.%&e.

I"^<"+"O?<=. "++595<O5. !<. C . 75?<. G?6452#. S. q. $&$'. w. $%idY. I"^<"+"O?<=. "++595<O5. !<. f . G?6452#.. S.q.d&-'.w.$%i(&.

.

C05. 5<?=49?="!<. =57S59?=495. "2. 20"+=5 . =!X?9 . 0"^0. =57S59?=495. X"=0. ^64=?9?6 501 5&. B2. +!9. =05. !=059. 2?7S652:. X5. " . <!=. 5=5O=. =05. X566Z20?S5 . 5<?=49?="!<. S5?]. 5MS5O=5 . "<. =0"2. T!<5. !+. =57S59?=495&. B. 2=5S.!+. =05. 2S5O"+"O. 05?=. O?<. ,5. 5=5O=5 .!<. m64)/KI. ?< . m64)m64. 2?7S652:. O59=?"<61. ?22!O"?=5 .X"=0.=05.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.!+.^56?="<&.

C05.2=4 1.!+.=05.=0597?6. 5<?=49?="!<.!+.O!66?^5<."<. "++595<=61.=95?=5 .,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.2?7S652. S9!G" 52.42.X"=0. "<=5952="<^. "<+!97?="!<.!<.=05.5++5O=2.!+.=95?=75<=.!<.=05.=9"S65.056"O?6. 2=94O=495. ?< . 2=?,"6"=1. !+. =0"2. S9!=5"<&. C05. O!<=9!6. 2?7S65. S!2252252. ?. X566Z 5+"<5 . 5< !=0597"O. 5<?=49?="!<. ?=.. -$E. h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bE:Lc&. C05. O9!22Z6"<]"<^. ?O="!<. !+. =0"2. S9! 4O=. O?<. 5MS6?"<. =0"2. S5O46"?9. ,50?G"!9. b':E:ec&. C0?=. "2. =05. 95?2!<. =0?=. ^64=?9?6 501 5. "2. 425 . "<. 7?<1. ^9?+=. S9!O5 4952:. 2=?,"6"T"<^.?< .S95G5<="<^.S9!=5"<2.+9!7. 5^9? ?="!<&..

B66. =05. !=059. =95?=75<=2. 0?G5. ?. 0?97+46. "<+645<O5. !<. =05. S95259G?="!<. !+. =9"S65. 056"O?6. 2=94O=495&. I=!9?^5. "<. 5=0?<!6. !+. =05. 4<=95?=5 . 2?7S65. 25572. =!. O0?<^5. =05. =9"S65. 056"O?6. 2=94O=495. !+. O!66?^5<:. "<O95?2"<^. =05. 05=59!^5<5"=1. _746="S65. S5?]2`. ?< . +?O"6"=?="<^. =05. 4<O!"6"<^. !+. =05. S9!=5"<. _X5?]. 5<?=49?="!<. 5<=0?6S1`&. C0"2. ?2247S="!<. 742=. ,5. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. =05. =5M=495. !+. =05. ?"9Z 9"5 . 2?7S65. _2=9!<^. 9"^" "=1`. =0?=. !52. <!=. 0?G5. =05. +5?=4952. !+. =05. +955T5Z 9"5 . 2?7S65. 2=!95 . "<. /KIY. ?66. =05. 2?7S652.=95?=5 .X"=0.=0"2.S9!O5 495.0?G5.=0"2.S5O46"?9. +5?=495&.C05. 5<?=49?="!<.!+.=05.2?7S65.=95?=5 . X"=0.^64=?9?6 501 5.?< .2=!95 ."<./KI."2.G591.X5?].?< .,9!? :.?< .=05. 5<?=49?="!<:.0?9 61. 5=5O=?,65:. "2.20"+=5 .=!X?9 .0"^0.=57S59?=495&.s5.O?<.O!<O64 5.=0?=.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.S05<!75<!<."2."7S?"95 .,1. =05.O!7,"<?="!<.!+.^64=?9?6 501 5.=95?=75<=.?< .2=!9?^5."<./KI.,4++59&.

C05.O!7,"<?="!<.!+.^64=?9?6 501 5.=95?=75<=.?< .5=0?<!6.2=!9?^5."<G!6G52. 9?2="O.?6=59?="!<2.!+.=05. 056"O?6. 2=94O=495.!+.O!66?^5<&. C05.+9?O="!<.!+. 5<?=495 .O!66?^5<. "2.O59=?"<61. "7S!9=?<=&.C0"2.?2S5O=.!+.

(9)

. =05. ?"9Z 9"5 . 2?7S65. _7! "+"O?="!<. !+. O!6!9. ?< . 9"^" "=1:. +9!7. ?66. =05. 259"52`. "2. ?62!. "< "O?="G5. !+. S9!+!4< .O057"O?6.?< )!9.2=94O=49?6.7! "+"O?="!<2&..

B2. +!9. =05. 2?7S65. =95?=5 . X"=0. ^64=?9?6 501 5. ?< . 2=!95 . "<. =05. ^64=?9?6 501 5. 2!64="!<:. =05. 5<?=49?="!<. S05<!75<!<. "2. <!=. X566. 5+"<5 Y. "=. 95G5?62. ?. <?99!X. S5?]. !9. ?. G591. X5?]. S5?]&. I!75. =9"S65. 056"O?6. !7?"<2. 742=. 24,2"2=:. "++595<=61. O9!22Z6"<]5 &. C05. 05=59!^5<5"=1. ?< . =05. +9?O="!<. !+. 5<?=495 .O!66?^5<.?95."7S!9=?<=&.

C0"2. X!9]. !<. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 2?7S652. 0?2. ?66!X5 . =!. S9!S!25. ?. O6?22"+"O?="!<. !+. "++595<=. O057"O?6. =95?=75<=2. ?< . 2=!9?^5. O!< "="!<2#. =05. ,52=. O!< "="!<2. +!9. =05. S95259G?="!<. !+. O!66?^5<. 2=94O=495.?< .=05.5<0?<O575<=.!+.=9"S65.056"O?6.2=?,"6"T?="!<.?95.=05.^64=?9?6 501 5.=95?=75<=.+!66!X5 . ,1.!O=?<!6.2=!9?^5Y.=0"2.S9!O5 495.742=.,5.<!X.?SS6"5 .=!.=05.O!<O5S="!<.!+.,"!S9!2=05="O.05?9=.G?6G5:. "<.!9 59.=!."<O95?25.=05.?66!^9?+=2a. 49?,"6"=1."# $"$'&.

(!A! <,6'#5 :11/"6.%"'#; B33,6% '3 C'D *,-1,&.%7&, 0/.2-. E,% '# *+,&-./ <%.="/"%F '3 *F1, G 4'//.?,# J!<Z=0597?6.?< .6!XZ=57S59?=495.S6?27?2.^5<59?=5 .?=.?=7!2S059"O.S9522495.0?G5.,55<.5M=5<2"G561. 425 . "<. G?9"!42. ,"!75 "O?6. ?SS6"O?="!<2. 24O0. ?2. 2=59"6"T?="!<. ?< . 5O!<=?7"<?="!<. b'e:'Fc:. ="2245. 5<^"<559"<^.?< .,"!7?=59"?6.=95?=75<=.+!9.=05"9.+4<O="!<?6"T?="!<.b'(:d%c&.A!95.95O5<=61.=051.0?G5.,55<. 425 ."<.S6?27?.75 "O"<5.+!9.,6!! .O!?^46?="!<:. "2"<+5O="!<.!+.6"G"<^.="22452."<G!6G"<^.X!4< .05?6"<^. ?< :.7!95.^5<59?661:.+!9.=05."<=59?O="!<.!+.S6?27?2.X"=0.54]?91!="O.O5662.bd$Zd'c&.C05.<!<Z=0597?6.?< . 6!XZ=57S59?=495.S6?27?2.!+.!49."<=5952=.?95.^5<59?=5 .?=.?=7!2S059"O.S9522495.,1.O!9!<?.!9. "565O=9"O. ,?99"59. "2O0?9^52. 4< 59. 2S5O"+"O. ^5!75=91. !+. 565O=9! 5. O!<+"^49?="!<&. ;<. =05. S9525<=. X!9]:. +!9. =05. O!66?^5<.=95?=75<=.X5.425 .?.<!<Z=0597?6.?< .6!XZ=57S59?=495.S6?27?.*5=.^5<59?=5 ."<.?7,"5<=.?"9.?< . S9! 4O"<^. G?9"!42. ?O="G5. 2S5O"52. =0?=. ?95. "<. O!<=?O=. X"=0. O!66?^5<. +",592. 49"<^. =05. 957!=5.. S6?27?.=95?=75<=&.

-&'&$&.R501 9?=5 .I=?=5.

N"^495.d.20!X2.=05.RI>.=0597!^9?72.!+.O!<=9!6.O!66?^5<.?< .O!66?^5<.=95?=5 .,1.=05.S6?27?.*5=.+!9. 25G59?6.="75.5MS!24952."<.=05.+955T5Z 9"5 .2=?=5&.

C05. =0597?6. 5G5<=2. !OO499"<^. "<. =05. $F%l-F%. h>. 9?<^5. ?95. 7!95. S?9="O46?961. +!O425 &. C?,65. -. "2S6?12. =05. O!9952S!< "<^. 5<?=49?="!<. =57S59?=4952. C . _ 5+"<5 . ?2. =05. 7?M"747. !+. =05. S5?]`. ?< . =05.O!9952S!< "<^.5<=0?6S"52.!+. 5<?=49?="!<. f .O!7S4=5 .+9!7.?.259"52.!+.75?249575<=2&.

(10)

=.I0("# SP# RI>. =0597!^9?72. !+. +955T5Z 9"5 . O!66?^5<2. _O!<=9!6. ?< . S6?27?. *5=. =95?=5 . O!66?^5<2`.95O!9 5 .?=.-%.h>)7"<.,5=X55<.d%.?< .-E%.h>&. . *B+"#CP.R5<?=49?="!<.S?9?75=592.!+.+955T5Z 9"5 .O!66?^5<2._O!<=9!6.?< .S6?27?.*5=.=95?=5 `&. .56708" '!"#()*& !"#$%& %9:4;90" e&%E. --E. <"6=:" $'&e. -$El--'. >?"6=:" F&d-. -$El--%l-'%. @?"6=:" '&e. -$el--%l-'$. .

C05. 5<?=49?="!<.S?9?75=592.!+.O!<=9!6.+955T5Z 9"5 .O!66?^5<.C .q--E.h>.?< . f .q.e&%E.j)^.X595. "2O4225 ."<.25O="!<.-&$&-&.

s"=0. =05. S6?27?. 5MS!2495:. 25G59?6. O0?<^52. ?95. <!=5 . !<. =05. 5<?=49?="!<. 5G5<=#. 746="S65. S5?]2. ?SS5?9. 5G5<. +!9. E. 7"<. 5MS!2495&. C05. 5<?=49?="!<. ,5O!752. ?. O!7S65M. 5G5<=:. "7S61"<^. T!<52. =0?=. 5<?=495. ?=. 6!X59. =57S59?=495. _C . q. -$E. h>`:. X"=0. ?. 6?9^5. 5<?=49?="!<. 5<=0?6S1&. N!9. ?. $%. 7"<. 5MS!2495:.=0595.?95. 5<?=49"<^.T!<52.?=.=57S59?=4952.C .q.-$E.h>.?< .--%.h>:.?< . 5<?=49"<^.T!<52.?=. ?.0"^059. =57S59?=495. _C .q.-'%.h>`:.=05.=!=?6. 5<?=49?="!<.5<=0?6S1. ,5"<^.2"7"6?9. =!.O!<=9!6.O!66?^5<. !<5&.N!9.?.L%.7"<.5MS!2495:.=05. "++595<=.T!<52.!+. 5<?=49?="!<.?95.2="66.S9525<=.!<.=0597!^9?72:.,4=."<. =0"2. O?25. =05. =!=?6. 5<=0?6S1. !+. 5<?=49?="!<. "2. 9?2="O?661. 5O95?25 &. /95G"!42. 9525?9O0. !<. =1S5. ;. O!66?^5<."99? "?=5 .,1.DVK.b-dc.0?2.95S!9=5 .=05.5M"2=5<O5.!+. 5<?=49?="!<.S5?]2.20"+="<^.=!X?9 2.6!X. =57S59?=495. ?< . 0"^059. =57S59?=495:. ?< . ?==9",4=5 . =!. 52=?,"6"T5 . T!<52. ?< . 2=?,"6"T5 . T!<52:. 952S5O="G561&.K1.O!7S?9"2!<.X"=0. ?=?.!<. "++595<=61.=95?=5 .O!66?^5<2:.=05. 52=?,"6"T5 .T!<52.O!46 .,5. ?==9",4=5 .=!.=05.95 4O="!<.!+.O!66?^5<."<.S!61S5S=" 52.!+. "++595<=.7!65O46?9.X5"^0=.b-dc&.J5G59=056522:. =05. 0"^0. 5<=0?6S1. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. 52=?,"6"T5 . T!<52. +!9. =05. E. 7"<. 5MS!2495. "2. ?. +5?=495. !+. ?. =9"S65. 056"O?6. !7?"<&. B. 2"7"6?9. S05<!75<!<. X?2. !,259G5 . ,1. O?6!9"75=9"O. 5MS59"75<=2. +!9. 20!9=. ="75. 5MS!2495. =!. DV>. _". q. -Ed. <7`. ?< . "=. X?2. ? 95225 . =!. ?<. "<=5975 "?=5. 2=?=5. ,5+!95. 5^9? ?="!<. !9. O9!22Z6"<]"<^&. C05. 2=?,"6"T5 . T!<52. O?<. ,5. ?==9",4=5 . =!. ?. O9!22Z6"<]"<^. !+. O!66?^5<Y. +!9. $%. 7"<. 5MS!2495:. =05. =!=?6. 5<=0?6S1. "2. 26"^0=61. ^95?=59. =0?<. =05. 5<=0?6S1. O!9952S!< "<^. =!. O!<=9!6. O!66?^5<:. 75?<"<^.=0?=.=05.2=?,"6"T?="!<."2.7?"<61.5<=9!S"O:.24O0.?2."< 4O5 .,1.?<."<O95?25."<.=05.S?O]"<^. 5<2"=1.

(11)

. !+. O!66?^5<. 7!65O4652. "<. =05. +",592&. I4O0. ?. S05<!75<!<. X?2. 95S!9=5 . ,!=0. X"=0. DVK. b-dc. ?< .. DV>. bddc. "99? "?="!<. !9. X"=0. =05. S9525<O5. !+. ?. S0!=!25<2"="T"<^. ?^5<=. ?< . 6?259. "99? "?="!<. "<. =05. G"2",65.2S5O=9?.bdEc&.B2.=05.6!X.=57S59?=495.S6?27?.*5=.^5<59?=52.9? "O?62:.5MO"=5 .?< ."!<"T5 .2S5O"52. ?< .?62!.DV.57"22"!<2:.O9!22Z6"<]"<^.!+.O!66?^5<."<.!49. 5MS59"75<=2.O!46 .,5.S?9=61.?==9",4=5 .=!.=05. DV.57"22"!<2.!+.S6?27?.*5=&.f!X5G59:.=0"2.?++"97?="!<.742=.,5.O!<2" 595 .X"=0.O?95.,5O?425."=.0?2.=!. ,5.O!<+"975 .,1.?.S6?27?.*5=.=95?=75<=.!+.=05.O!66?^5<. !<5.X"=0.?< .X"=0!4=.?<.DV.+"6=59&.;=.742=.,5. 95O?665 .=0?=.O!66?^5<.=1S5.;. O!<=?"<2.S05<16?6?<"<5.?< .=19!2"<5:. ?9!7?="O.952" 452.=0?=.?95.=05. 7?"<. ?,2!9,59.!+.DV.6"^0=:.?< .=0?=.?95.20!X<.=!. 5O95?25.X"=0.DV."99? "?="!<:. 45.=!.?.S!22",65.?^^95^?="!<. !+.=05. +",592.bdLc&. N!9. ?.L%.7"<. "99? "?="!<:.=05.20?S5.!+. 5<?=49?="!<.S5?]2.?< .=05. 6!X.G?645.!+.=05. ?22!O"?=5 .5<=0?6S1.24^^52=.?<."7S!9=?<=. 5^9? ?="!<.!+.O!66?^5<.=9"S65.056"O?6.2=94O=495&.C05.!S="747. ="75.25572.=!.,5.,5=X55<.$%.?< .L%.7"<&.

B2.!,259G5 ."<.=05.O?25.!+.DV."99? "?="!<:.X"=0.=05."<O95?2"<^.5MS!2495.="75.=!.=05.6!X.=57S59?=495. S6?27?. *5=:. S5S=" 5. ,!< . O65?G?^5. ,5O!752. S95 !7"<?<=&. C05. 956?="G5. S9!S!9="!<. !+. =0525. =X!. O!7S5="<^. 95?O="!<2:. ,!=0. O9!22Z6"<]"<^. ?< . ,!< . O65?G?^5. "2. 4<]<!X<. ,4=. X?2. 20!X<. =!. 5S5< . !<. =05.X?=59.O!<=5<=.?< .=05.!M1^5<.=5<2"!<.b-dc&.C0?=."2.=05.95?2!<.+!9.X0"O0.2"7"6?9.5MS59"75<=2.X595. ?62!.S59+!975 .!<.01 9?=5 .O!66?^5<&.

-&'&-&.f1 9?=5 .I=?=5.

N"^495. E. "2S6?12. =05. RI>. =0597!^9?72. !+. O!<=9!6. 01 9?=5 . O!66?^5<. _"!,!:. X"=0!4=. S6?27?. =95?=75<=`.?< .01 9?=5 .O!66?^5<.=95?=5 .,1.=05.S6?27?.*5=.+!9.^9? 4?6.="75.5MS!24952._4S.=!.(%.7"<`&.

=.I0("# TP# RI>. =0597!^9?72. !+. 01 9?=5 . O!66?^5<2. _O!<=9!6. ?< . S6?27?. *5=. =95?=5 . O!66?^5<2.95O!9 5 .?=.$%.h>)7"<.,5=X55<.$%.?< .(%.h>&.

. .

I!75.?4=0!92.b-'c.20!X5 .=0?=.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.5<=0?6S1.!+.O!66?^5<.X?2.O!<2=?<=.?,!G5.L.7!652.!+. X?=59.S59.=9"S5S=" 5.!+.O!66?^5<._O!9952S!< "<^.=!.%&d.^.!+.X?=59)^.O!66?^5<`:.?< .=0?=.=05. 5<?=49?="!<. 5<=0?6S1.X?2.O!<2=?<=.?,!G5.'%.7!652.!+.X?=59.S59.=9"S5S=" 5._O!9952S!< "<^.=!.$&(.^.!+.X?=59.S59.^.!+. O!66?^5<`&. ;<. =05. S9525<=. 2=4 1:. =05. 65G562. !+. 01 9?="!<. X595. O05O]5 . =!. ,5. 6?9^561. 24S59"!9. =!. =0525.

(12)

6"7"=2:. ?66!X"<^. 42. =!. O!7S?95. =05. 5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592. X"=0. ="75. X"=0!4=. +64O=4?="!<2. 45. =!. "2="<O=.01 9?="!<&.

B. O!7S65M. 5< !=0597"O. S5?]. ? 95225 . =!. =05. 5<?=49?="!<. S05<!75<!<. !+. 01 9?=5 . O!66?^5<. "2. 5=5O=5 .+!9.?66.=05.2?7S652:.2S6"=="<^."<=!.=X!.O!7S!<5<=2.!9.7!95.+!9.$%.7"<:.dE.7"<.?< .(%.7"<.!+. S6?27?. 5MS!2495. ="752&. C?,65. '. "2S6?12. =05. O!9952S!< "<^. 5<?=49?="!<. =57S59?=4952. C . ?< . =05. O!9952S!< "<^.5<=0?6S"52.!+. 5<?=49?="!<. f .O!7S4=5 .+9!7.?.259"52.!+.75?249575<=2&.

*B+"#JP.R5<?=49?="!<.S?9?75=592.!+.01 9?=5 .O!66?^5<2._O!<=9!6.?< .S6?27?.*5=.=95?=5 `&. 5*)K+"# U4#V@WI#4(?#,&++*I"-X. 4#VY2X.

2&-1(&+# de&F. eF&'.

:Z#).-# LL&d. eE&$le(&(.

CZ#).-# dF&F. eL&E.

ST#).-# e%&L. eE&-le(&$.

[Z#).-# $-L&-. eF&%lFE&$.

.

C05. 5<?=49?="!<.S?9?75=592.!+.O!<=9!6.01 9?=5 .O!66?^5<._C .q.eF&'.h>.?< . f .q.de&F.j)^`.X595. "2O4225 ."<.25O="!<.-&$&$&..

N!9.?<.5MS!2495.="75.!+.$%.7"<:.=05.2S6"=.!+.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.S5?].O?<.,5.?==9",4=5 .=!. 52=?,"6"T5 . ?< . 2=?,"6"T5 . T!<52:. 20!X"<^. "<. =0"2. O?25:. ?2. "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . !<5:. =05. O!7S5="="!<. ,5=X55<. =X!. ?<=?^!<"2=. S9!O52252#. 95 4O="!<. "<=!. S!61S5S=" 52. !+. G?9"!42. 7!65O46?9. X5"^0=2. ?< . O9!22Z6"<]"<^. !+. O!66?^5<&.C05.G?645.!+.5<=0?6S1."< "O?=52.?.O!<259G?="!<.!+.=05.=9"S65.056"O?6.2=94O=495&.J5G59=056522:.?. 34?6"=?="G5.O!7S?9"2!<.,5=X55<.=05.=X!.S5?]2.20!X2.=0?=.=05. 52=?,"6"T?="!<. 75O0?<"27. "2. !7"<?<=&. N!9. ?<. 5MS!2495. ="75. !+. -%. 7"<:. 2=?,"6"T5 . T!<52. ?< . 52=?,"6"T5 . T!<52. 742=. ,5. 9!4^061. +!975 . "<. 534?6. S?9=2:. ^"G"<^. 9"25. =!. ?. ,9!? . ?< . O!7S65M. 5<?=49?="!<. S5?]&. N!9. ?. dE. 7"<. 5MS!2495:. =05.. O9!22Z6"<]"<^. 75O0?<"27. ?SS5?92. =!. ,5. =05. 7?"<. S05<!75<!<. ?OO!9 "<^. =!. S5?]. 05"^0=. ?< . ?95?&.. N"<?661:.?.2S5O"?6.+5?=495."2.<!="O5 .+!9.?<.5MS!2495.="75.!+.(%.7"<&.>!<=9?91.=!.=05.5G!64="!<.?=.6!<^. 5MS!2495. ="75. S95G"!4261. 95S!9=5 . "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . O?25:. X"=0. ?. 9?2="O. 5O95?25. !+. =05. 5<=0?6S1:. "<. =0"2.01 9?=5 .O?25.?.20?9S.?< ."<=5<25.S5?]."2. 5=5O=5 .?=.-'$.h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dE. 7"<. ?< . (%. 7"<`&. C0595+!95:."=."2.O65?9.=0?=.=05.S6?27?.*5=.=95?=75<=.!+.+955T5Z 9"5 .+",592.742=.,5.?G!" 5 &..

B<1X?1:. =05. S9525<=. 5MS6!9?=!91. X!9]. "2. ?. +"92=. 2=5S. =!. 5=597"<5. =05. ,52=. O!< "="!<2. +!9. =05. S95259G?="!<.!+.=05.O!66?^5<.2=94O=495.?< .=05.5<0?<O575<=.!+.=9"S65.056"O?6.2=?,"6"T?="!<&.f!X5G59:.?2.

(13)

. S6?27?. *5=. S9! 4O52. 7?<1. ?O="G5. 2S5O"52. _9? "O?62:. 5MO"=5 . ?< . "!<"T5 . 2S5O"52. ?< . ?62!. S0!=!<. 57"22"!<2. +9!7.DV.4S.=!.<5?9.;<+9?Z@5 .9?<^5`:.+4=495. 5MS59"75<=2.X"66. ,5. !<5. "<.!9 59.=!." 5<="+1. =05. 7!2=. ?O="G5. 2S5O"52. ,1. 42"<^:. +!9. "<2=?<O5:. +"6=592. +!9. DV. 57"22"!<2. ?< . O0?9^5 .. S?9="O65."7S?O=2&..

N49=0597!95:.=05.S9525<=.S6?27?.=95?=75<=."2.+"92=.?SS6"5 .=!.O!66?^5<.=1S5.;.?< .S59"O?9 "47&.I!:."=. X"66. ,5. "<=5952="<^. =!. 5M=5< .=0"2. S9!O5 495.=!. !=059. ,"!7?=59"?6. ="22452. =!. S9!G" 5. "<=5952="<^. +",9!42. 7?=59"?6. +!9. =05.O!<O5S="!<.!+.,"!S9!2=05="O. 7?=59"?62&.P?2=61:. "=.X"66. ,5.?62!.G591. "<=5952="<^.=!.2=4 1. =05. ,"!O!7S?=","6"=1. ?< . =05. O56646?9. ? 052"!<. ?< . S9!6"+59?="!<. !+. =05. O!66?^5<!42. ,"!7?=59"?62. 5MS!25 .=!.=05.6!X.=57S59?=495.S6?27?.*5=&.

(!H! *+"&5 :11/"6.%"'#; 4'-1.&"2'# '3 I,%,&?,#% *&,.%-,#%2 3'& 4.&5".6 J./$,2 @"'1&'2%+,2,2

p<5. 7?*!9. S9!,657. "2.=05.56?,!9?="!<.!+.=05. 7!2=.?SS9!S9"?=5.=95?=75<=.+!9.957!G?6.!+.O566. 5,9"2. ?< .7?"<=5<?<O5.!+.=05.2=94O=49?6."<=5^9"=1.!+.=05.O!66?^5<)56?2="<.7?=9"M&.;<.=0"2.2=4 1:.=X!.746="Z2=5S. 5M=9?O="!<2. _C@;Z>pP. ?< . IRI. 5M=9?O="!<2`. 0?G5. ,55<. ?O0"5G5 . !<. S!9O"<5. ?!9="O. ="22452. "<. !9 59.=!. !,=?"<. ?O56646?9. 7?=9"O52. ?2. 425 . +!9. O?9 "?O. ,"!S9!2=05252. bdec&. C05. 5G?64?="!<. !+. 2=94O=49?6. 7! "+"O?="!<2.?< .S!22",65. ?7?^52.!<.5M=9?O56646?9. 7?=9"M. +",9!42.S9!=5"<2. 0?2. ,55<. "<G52="^?=5 .,1. 75?<2.!+.RI>&.

I"<O5.S956"7"<?91.RI>.2O?<2.?95.O0?9?O=59"2="O.!+.S9!=5"<2ZX?=59."<=59?O="!<2:.+5X. "++595<O52.,5=X55<. "++595<=61.=95?=5 .="22452.0?G5.,55<.<!=5 &.;<.=0"2."<G52="^?="!<:.X5.+!O42.!<.=05.5G!64="!<.!+.=05.S9!=5"<. =9?<2"="!<2. !+. ?!9="O. X?66. ?< . G?6G46?9. 65?+65=. +!66!X"<^. =95?=75<=. X"=0. IRI&. C!. S95O"2561. 5=597"<5. =05. "<+645<O5.!+.=05. 5=59^5<=.=95?=75<=.!<.=05.S9!=5"<2.S012"O?6.2=94O=4952:.25O!< .=0597!^9?72.O!9952S!< "<^. =!.=05.C@;Z>pP.?< .IRI.=95?=5 .?!9="O.="22452.0?G5.,55<.95S!9=5 ."<.+"^495.L&.

=.I0("# \P# RI>. =0597!^9?72. !+. +955T5Z 9"5 . S!9O"<5. ?!9="O. ="22452. _C@;Z>pP. ?< . IRI. =95?=5 . ="22452`. 95O!9 5 . ,5=X55<. d%. ?< . -E%. h>. 95O!9 5 . ?+=59. ?. +"92=. 2O?<. S59+!975 . ,5=X55<.d%.?< .$E%.h>&.

(14)

. -&d&$&.V?6G46?9.P5?+65=.

C05. O!7S?9"2!<. ,5=X55<. =05. =X!. 2O?<2. O65?961. 20!X2. ?. 20"+=. !+. =05. O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<. =57S59?=495.=!X?9 2.=05.6!X.G?6452.+!9.=05.IRI.=95?=5 .65?+65=2._+9!7.-'-.h>.=!.--E.h>`&.B.2=?="2="O?6. ?<?612"2.S59+!975 .!<.?.259"52.!+.75?249575<=2.O!<+"972.=05.2"^<"+"O?<O5.!+.=05.95246=2._S.u.%&%%%%E:. 255.=?,65.d`Y.!<.=05.!=059. 0?< :. =05. 5<?=49?="!<.5<=0?6S1. 25572.?62!.=!. 5O95?25.X"=0.IRI.=95?=75<=. ,4=.?<?612"2.!+.G?6452.20!X2.=0?=."=."2.<!=.95 4O5 ."<.?.2"^<"+"O?<=.7?<<59._S.t.%&%E`&. *B+"#SP.C9?<2"="!<.S?9?75=592.+9!7.RI>._25O!< .2O?<2`.+!9. "++595<=61.=95?=5 .65?+65=2.?< . ?!9="O.X?662&. . 39005*8:" 805A4=:"

. '!"!8:541;54=9:"#()*&" !"!8:541;54=9:"#$%&" *"805A4=:"#$%&" BCD%2E"085F084" $%&''.v.%&Ed. -'-&'.#.%&d. J!=.75?2&.

BCD%2E"59;4=3"G500" '&F(.v.%&''. -'d&-.#.%&E. -%d&e.v.%&d.

.H."085F084" "

$$&LE.v.%&d. --d&(.#.%&e. J!=.75?2&.

.H."59;4=3"G500" '&%d.v.%&'F. --F&L.v.%&(. $(L&e.v.%&E. .

-&d&-&.B!9="O.s?66.

;<. ?. 2"7"6?9. X?1. =!. =0?=. S95G"!4261. 52O9",5 :. =05. "<+645<O5. !+. IRI. 5M=9?O="!<. !<. =05. ?!9="O. X?66. S0?25.=9?<2"="!<2.0?2.,55<.2=4 "5 .,1.=05.O!7S?9"2!<.!+.=05.RI>.=0597!^9?72&.p<.!<5.0?< :.=05.+"92=. !9 59. =9?<2"="!<. ?22!O"?=5 . X"=0. O!66?^5<. 5<?=49?="!<. 4< 59^!52. =05. 2?75. 5G!64="!<. ?2. S95G"!4261. 20!X<. "<. =05. O?25. !+. 65?+65=#. X"=0. 95+595<O5. =!. =05. C@;Z>pP. =95?=75<=. =05. =57S59?=495. =9?<2"="!<. "2. 6!X595 .+9!7.-'d.h>.=!.--(.h>.?+=59.IRI.=95?=75<=._S.u.%&%%E`:.X0"65.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.5<=0?6S1."2.<!=. 24,*5O=5 .=!. 2"^<"+"O?<=. O0?<^52&. p<. =05. !=059. 0?< :. ?. 2"^<"+"O?<=. 5O95?25. !+. =05. 56?2="<. =57S59?=495. ^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.X"=0.IRI._+9!7.-%E.h>.=!.$(e.h>:.S.u.%&%%E`."2.<!=5 &..

C05.RI>.=5O0<"345."2.X566.24"=5 .=!.95G5?6.=05.5++5O=2.!+.IRI.!<.=05.S9!=5"<2.2=94O=4952Y."< 55 .=05. O!7S?9"2!<. ,5=X55<. =05. "++595<=61. =95?=5 .="22452. =0597!^9?72. 20!X2. =0?=. IRI. ?O=2.!<. ?66. "<=9"<2"O. =9?<2"="!<2. "<. ?. 2"7"6?9. 7?<<59: "!,!:. ?. 20"+=. =!X?9 . =05. 6!X. =57S59?=495. G?6452&. C05. 5O95?25. !+. O!66?^5<.=57S59?=495. 5<?=49?="!<.?+=59.IRI.=95?=75<=.0?2.,55<.!,259G5 .S95G"!4261."<.2!64="!<.5"=059. ,1.RI>.=5O0<"345.!9.209"<]?^5.bdF:d(c.?< .0? .,55<."<=59S95=5 .?2.?.6!22.!+.O!66?^5<.=0597?6.2=?,"6"=1&. C05.IRI.=95?=75<=. !52.<!=. 5<?=495.O!66?^5<."<.=05.25<25.=0?=.=9"S65.056"O?6. !7?"<2.?95.O!<259G5 :.,4=:. ?2.20!X<.,1.=9?<27"22"!<.565O=9!<.7"O9!2O!S1:.=05.34?9=59Z2=?^^59.O!<+!97?="!<.25572.6522.2=?,65.b$-c&. C05.6!X59"<^.!+.56?2="<.^6?22.=9?<2"="!<.=57S59?=495.X"=0.IRI."2."<.?OO!9 ?<O5.X"=0.S95G"!42.X!9]2.!<. IRI)56?2="<. "<=59?O="!<2#. IRI. "2. ?<. ?<"!<"O. 01 9!S0!,"O. 6"^?< . X0!7. 9565?25. 9?=52. +9!7. +",9!42. 56?2="<. !<. 95S5?=5 . X?20"<^. X"=0. ?<. IRI. +955. ,4++59. ?95. 74O0. 27?6659. =0?<. =0!25. +9!7. S!X 59.. 56?2="<. bE%c. ?< .=0595+!95. O!46 . ,5. 952" 4?6. "<. =05. 5M=9?O=5 . 2?7S652&. C0"2. O!7S!<5<=. O!46 . ?6=59. =05. 75O0?<"O?6.S9!S59="52.!+.56?2="<.5"=059. ,1. ,"< "<^.=!.=05.S!61S5S=" "O.O0?"<2.X"=0"<.=05. +",592.bE$:E-c. !9.9?=059:.?2."=.X?2.24^^52=5 .bE%c:.,1.,"< "<^.=!.=05."<=59+",592.2S?O52.?< .!4=59.249+?O52.!+.=05.+",592&..

;<.=0"2."<G52="^?="!<:.=05.S95G"!4261.95S!9=5 . 5<?=49"<^.?O="!<.!+.IRI.!<.O!66?^5<.+",592.0?2.,55<. O!9956?=5 .=!. O0?<^52.!+.2S5O"+"O.2=94O=49?6.S?9?75=592."<.O!7S?9"2!<.X"=0.C@;Z>pP.=95?=75<=.X0"O0.

(15)

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f. e&d`. 4<="6. =05. ="75. !+. ?<?612"2. !9. "7S6?<=?="!<&.QM=9?<5!42.+?=.!9. 742O65.X?2.957!G5 .?< .25O="!<2.X"=0. 05?G1. G?2O46?=495.!9.?==?O05 . 6"^?75<=2.X595. "2O?9 5 &.C0525.2?7S652.?95.95+5995 .=!.?2.O!<=9!6.!9.WE75&#

K 9&,2+ %"227, 2%'&,5 "# LMN ,%+.#'/; +9520.,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.2=!95 ."<.O0"665 ./KI.X?2.=9?<2+5995 .=!. F%g.5=0?<!6.,4++595 .fQ/QI._$%7A`.2!64="!<.+!9.'. ?12.S9"!9.=!.?<?612"2&.C0525.2?7S652.?95.95+5995 . ?2.W]1!&.

K O/7%.&./5,+F5, %&,.%,5P 0@< 2%'&,5;. +9520. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 2=!95 . "<. /KI. X?2. =9?<2+5995 . =!. ?. ,4++595 .2!64="!<.!+.%&-Eg.^64=?9?6 501 5.+!9.$.X55]&.C05.="2245.X?2.=9?<2+5995 .=!.O0"665 ./KI.+!9.'. ?12.S9"!9.=!.?<?612"2&.C0525.2?7S652.?95.95+5995 .?2.F+0WE75&.

K O/7%.&./5,+F5, %&,.%,5P 2%'&,5 "# LMN ,%+.#'/;. ^64=?9?6 501 5. =95?=5 . ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. X?2. =9?<2+5995 . =!. F%g. 5=0?<!6. ,4++595 . fQ/QI. _$%7A`. 2!64="!<. +!9. '. ?12. S9"!9. =!. ?<?612"2&. C0525. 2?7S652.?95.95+5995 .?2.F+0W]1!&.

K O/7%.&./5,+F5, %&,.%,5P 2%'&,5 "# '6%.#'/;.^64=?9?6 501 5.=95?=5 .,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.X?2.=9?<2+5995 . =!. Eg. !O=?<!6)d%g. 5=0?<!6. 2!64="!<. +!9. '. ?12. S9"!9. =!. ?<?612"2&. C0525. 2?7S652. ?95. 95+5995 . ?2. F+0W_,1&.

K O/7%.&./5,+F5, %&,.%,5P 2%'&,5 "# ?/7%.&./5,+F5,;. +9520. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 2=!95 . "<. /KI. X?2. =9?<2+5995 .=!.?.,4++595 .2!64="!<.!+.%&-Eg.^64=?9?6 501 5.+!9.$.X55].S9"!9.=!.?<?612"2&.C0525.2?7S652. ?95.95+5995 .?2.F+0WF+0&. /9"!9.=!.RI>.?< .CI>.5MS59"75<=2:.5?O0.!+.=05.="22452.X595.+6?20.+9!T5<."<.6"34" .<"=9!^5<.?< .+955T5Z 9"5 ."<.?.N955T!<5$.d&E.+955T5. 91.212=57._P?,O!<O!.>!9S&:.x?<2?2.>"=1:.Ap:.DIB`&. '&$&-&.>!66?^5<.C95?=5 .,1.=05./6?27?.j5=. >!7759O"?6."<2!64,65.=1S5.;.O!66?^5<._N64]?.>057"5.Bm:.IX"=T596?< `.X?2.5M=9?O=5 .+9!7.,!G"<5. BO0"6652.=5< !<.?< .?G?"6?,65."<.=05.+!97.!+.?"9Z 9"5 .+",592&. C05. 6!X. =57S59?=495. S6?27?. *5=. 425 . "<. =05. S9525<=. X!9]. +!9. =05. O!66?^5<. =95?=75<=. 0?2. ,55<. =05. 24,*5O=.!+. ?. S?=5<=. bE'c&.C05. 75?2495 . S6?27?. =57S59?=495. !<.=05.=!S.!+. =05. *5=:.=0?=. 0?2. ?. 65<^=0. !+. ?,!4=. $. O7:. !52. <!=. 5MO55 . -e. h>&. C05. S6?27?. *5=. "2. ^5<59?=5 . "95O=61. "<. =05. ?7,"5<=. ?"9. ?=. ?=7!2S059"O.S9522495.?< . 6?4<O05 . ,1. "=256+.X"=0!4=.?<1.212=57.!+.^?2. "<65=. +55 .=0?=.7?]"<^. "=.G591. 5?2"61.=9?<2S!9=?,65.,5O?425.=0595."2.<5"=059.^?2.,!==65.<!9.^?2.S47S"<^&.;=."2.?.6!XZ=57S59?=495.S6?27?.

(16)

^5<59?=5 . ,1. ?. 2S5O"+"O. O!9!<?. "2O0?9^5. 52"^<. ^"G"<^. ?. <?=49?6. 95S5="="G5. "2O0?9^5. O4995<=. X"=0. ?. +95345<O1.!+.?,!4=.-%.]fT.4< 59.?.0"^0.G!6=?^5.S!X59.24SS61&.

*&,.%-,#% "# %+, 3&,,>,K5&",5 2%.%,; >!66?^5<. +",592. X595. O!7S95225 . "<=!. S5665=2. _=0"O]<522.. %&E.77:. "?75=59.$%.77`.?< .5?O0.+?O5.!+.=05.S5665=.X?2.5MS!25 .=!.=05.S6?27?.*5=. 49"<^.E:.$%.?< . L%.7"<.?=.?7,"5<=.=57S59?=495._-%.h>`&

*&,.%-,#% "# %+, +F5&.%,5 2%.%,; F%.7^.!+.O!66?^5<.+",592.X595.S6?O5 ."<.e.7P.!+. 5"!<"T5 .X?=59:. 534"6",9?=5 . +!9. $. 0!49. 2!. =0?=. =05. +",592. X595. 2X!665<. ?< . 24,25345<=61. 5MS!25 . =!. =05. S6?27?. *5=. 49"<^.$%:.-%:.dE.?< .(%.7"<.4< 59.2="99"<^.?=.?7,"5<=.=57S59?=495._-%.h>`&.B.25=.!+.2?7S652.X595.=05<. O?95+4661. S4=. !X<. ?,2!9,5<=. S?S59. =!. 957!G5. 5MO522. X?=59. ,5+!95. =0597?6. ?<?612"2&. B<!=059. 25=. !+. 2?7S652.X595.+955T5Z 9"5 .?^?"<.,5+!95.+49=059.=0597?6.?<?612"2&

K!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47.X?2.!,=?"<5 . +9520. +9!7.=05.?,?==!"9. ?< .S6?O5 . "<.O0"665 .S0!2S0?=5.,4++595 . 2?6"<5. _Sf. e&d`. 4<="6. =05. ="75. !+. ?<?612"2&. QM=9?<5!42. +?=. !9. 742O65. X?2. 957!G5 . ?< . 25O="!<2. X"=0. 05?G1.G?2O46?=495.!9.?==?O05 .6"^?75<=2.X595. "2O?9 5 &.C05<:.F%.7^.!+.01 9?=5 .,!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47. _2=9"S2. $. 77. w. $%. 77. w. $%. 77`. X595. 5MS!25 . =!. =05. S6?27?. *5=. 49"<^. -%. ?< . dE. 7"<&. C0597?6. ?<?612"2.X?2.S59+!975 ."775 "?=561.?+=59.=95?=75<=&.

'&$&'&./!9O"<5.V?6G46?9.P5?+65=2.?< ./!9O"<5.B!9="O.s?662.

B!9="O.9!!=2.O!7S9"2"<^.=597"<?6.S?9=.!+.=05.?!9="O.X?66:.2"<42.G?6G46?9"2.?< .O!9952S!< "<^.65?+65=2. X595. +952061. "225O=5 . +9!7. =05. 05?9=. !+. 1!4<^. S"^2&. p<5. 25=. !+. 24O0. 2?7S652. X?2. 242S5< 5 . "<. ?. 5^?225 . S012"!6!^"O?6. ,4++59. _E%. 7A. fQ/QI:. %&$. A. J?>6:. Sf. e&d`. O!<=?"<"<^. S9!=5?25. "<0","=!92.. _E.7A.QRCB:.-.7A./AIN:.E.7A.JQA:.E.7A.K5<T?7" "<5:.$.7A.;! !?O5=?7" 5`:.$%.7A.2! "47. ?2O!9,?=5.?< .$%g.RAIp&.C05.2499!4< "<^.2!64="!<.X?2.^5<=61.2="995 .?=.d.h>.+!9.'.0!492.4< 59.J-. ?=7!2S0595&.C05< 2?7S652.X595.5M=9?O=5 ."<.=05.2?75.O!< "="!<2.,1.95S6?O"<^.RAIp.X"=0.$g._X)X`. IRI.?=.'e.h>.+!9.$L.0.?< .+!9.+49=059.'.w.$L.0.S59"! 2."<.=05.?,25<O5.!+.S9!=5?25."<0","=!92&.

B<!=059.25=.!+.2?7S652.X?2.=95?=5 ."<"="?661."<.=05.2?75.O!< "="!<2.?2.=05.+"92=.25=.,4=.95S6?O"<^.=05. S012"!6!^"O?6. ,4++59.X"=0.01S!=!<"O:. $%.="752. "64=5 :./KI.,4++59. Sf.e&d&.C05<.RAIp. X?2.95S6?O5 . X"=0.$g._X)X`.C9"=!<.nZ$%%.?< .2?7S652.X595.5M=9?O=5 .+!9.$%.0.?=.d.h>."<.=05.2?75.O!< "="!<2&.B+=59. ?.+49=059. $%.0.5M=9?O="!<. "<.=05.?,25<O5.!+.S9!=5?25. "<0","=!92:.C9"=!<.nZ$%%. X?2.95S6?O5 . ,1.$%. 7A. I! "47.>0!6?=5.?< .+49=059.5M=9?O=5 .+!9.-.w.$%.0.S59"! 2.?=.9!!7.=57S59?=495&.I?7S652.=95?=5 .X"=0. C9"=!<.?< .>0!6?=5.?2.?,!G5.X"66.,5.+49=059.95+5995 .=!.?2.C@;Z>pP.2?7S652&..

K!=0. 25=2.!+. 2?7S652. X595. =05<. X?205 . X"=0. $%g. "2!S9!S?<!6:. +"92=. "<. 2?6"<5. X?=59. ?< . 25O!< . "<. 2?6"<5.?< . 5"!<"T5 .X?=59.,5+!95.+955T5Z 91"<^.?< . 91"<^.4< 59.95 4O5 .S9522495.!G59./-pE&.

A!(! I"33,&,#%"./ <6.##"#? 4./'&"-,%&F QI<4R

C05. S0?25. =9?<2"="!<. =0597!^9?72. X595. 95O!9 5 . X"=0. ?. RI>e. "++595<="?6. 2O?<<"<^. O?6!9"75=59. +9!7. /59]"<. Q6759&. C05. =57S59?=495. ?< . 5<59^1. 2O?652. X595. O?6",9?=5 . 42"<^. =05. 7?<4+?O=4959y2. "<2=94O="!<2. X"=0. A59O491:. ;< "47. ?< . C"<. ?2. 2=?< ?9 2&. I?7S652. !+. E. 7^. !+. X5"^0=. X595. 25?65 . "<. ?647"<47. S?<2&. Q7S=1. S?<2. X595. 425 . ?2. 95+595<O52&. C0597?6. ?<?612"2. "2. 7?"<61. S59+!975 . =!. ^5=. "<2"^0=."<=!.=05. 5<?=49?="!<.S05<!75<!<.!+.O!66?^5<:.X0"O0."2.]<!X<.=!.!OO49."<.=05.d%lF%.h>."<.=05. 01 9?=5 . 2=?=5. ?< . ,5=X55<. $F%. ?< . -'%. h>. "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . 2=?=5&. C0?=. "2. =05. 95?2!<. X01. "<G52="^?="!<2. "<. =05. 01 9?=5 . 2=?=5. X595. S59+!975 . ,5=X55<. id%. ?< . (%. h>. X"=0. $%. h>)7"<. 05?="<^.

(17)

9?=52:. "<. 05975="O. S?<2&. ;<G52="^?="!<2. "<. =05. 501 9?=5 . 2=?=5. X595. S59+!975 . ,5=X55<. '%. h>. ?< .. -E%.h>.X"=0.-%.h>)7"<.05?="<^.9?=52:."<.<!<Z05975="O.S?<2&.R5=597"<?="!<.!+.=9?<2"="!<.S?9?75=592.X?2. S59+!975 .X"=0.p9"^"<.2!+=X?95&.

SP#2&-,+0%.&-%#

C0"2. X!9]. 20!X2.=05. ?,"6"=1. !+. R"++595<="?6. IO?<<"<^. >?6!9"75=91. =!. O05O]. =05. "<=5^9"=1. !+. 56?2="<. ?< . O!66?^5<. "<. "++595<=. ]"< 2. !+. ,"!7?=59"?62. ?<?61T5 . "<. 01 9?=5 . O!< "="!<2:. S012"!6!^"O?6. O!< "="!<2:.!9."<.=05.+955T5Z 9"5 .2=?=5:.?G!" "<^.=05.5M=9"<2"O.952S!<25.!+.X?=59&.C05.=0597?6.2=?,"6"=1. !+.=05.=9"S65.056"O?6. !7?"<2.!+.O!66?^5<:.?<.!9 595 .,"!S!61759:."2. "95O=61.956?=5 .=!.=05. 5<?=49?="!<. S?9?75=592k=57S59?=495. ?< . 5<=0?6S1. !+. 5<?=49?="!<k=0?=. O?<. ,5. O!7S?95 . "<. =05. "++595<=. ,"!7?=59"?62:. ?66!X"<^. ?. O6?22"+"O?="!<. !+. =05. "++595<=. =95?=75<=. !+. O56646?9. 5M=9?O="!<. !9. O!66?^5<. 2=?,"6"T?="!<&. C05. S012"O?6. 2=94O=495. !+. 56?2="<:. ?<. ?7!9S0!42. ,"!S!61759:. "2. O!<<5O=5 . =!. "=2. ^6?22. =9?<2"="!<&. C05. O!7S?9"2!<. ,5=X55<. =05. G?6452. !+. =05. ^6?22. =9?<2"="!<. =57S59?=495. O?<. 95G5?6. "++595<O52. "<.=05.56?2="<.<5=X!9].?< .?66!X2.S95 "O="<^.=05. 75O0?<"O?6.S9!S59="52&.C0"2.X!9]. X"66. ,5. O!7S65=5 . "<. ?. +!66!X"<^. S?S59. ,1. "565O=9"O. ?<?61252. _=0597?661. 2="746?=5 . 5S!6?9"T?="!<.. O4995<=2ZCIR>`.S59+!975 .!<.=05.,"!7?=59"?62.2=4 "5 .0595&. R"565O=9"O.=5O0<"3452.^"G5. 7!95. 5=?"65 . "<+!97?="!<.!<.=05.7!65O46?9. 1<?7"O2.?< .O0?"<. 1<?7"O2.!+.O!66?^5<.?< .56?2="<:.7!95.S?9="O46?961. !<.6!O?6"T5 .7!="!<2._25O!< ?91.956?M?="!<2`.?< .!<.?7!9S0!42.S0?25&..

H,`-&O+"4I)"-1%#

s5.=0?<].@&j&.C0!7?:. B&.B ?72.?< .A&.A!!95.+!9.S9!G" "<^.42.=05. "++595<=61.=95?=5 .S59"O?9 "?. 2?7S652&. B. S?9=. !+. =0"2. X!9]. X?2. 24SS!9=5 . ,1. I46T59. >?9,!75 "O2. ;<O&Y. $'%%. Q?2=. B< 592!<. 6?<5:. B42="<:.Cn:.DIB:.eFeE-&.

R"'"("-,"%#

$&. P55:.>&Y./?9]:.>&I&Y.P55:.>&f&Y.xX?]:.j&m&Y.x"7:.I&j&Y.I0"7:.s&I&Y.I!<^:.j&o&Y.>0!":.Q&o&Y.P55:.I&o&. R49?,"6"=1. !+. ,"!S9!2=05="O. G?6G52. "<. =05. S467!<?91. S!2"="!<#. P!<^Z=597. +!66!XZ4S. !+. $F$. "7S6?<=2."<.S?="5<=2.X"=0.O!<^5<"=?6.05?9=. "25?25&.E! *+'&.6! 4.&5"'$.26! <7&?! CZ:::.)H(:.'E$Z'EF&. -&. K!=="!:.C&Y.C?9T"?:. V&Y. R?6. P"<:. >&Y. K49?==!:. Q&Y. @"TT!6":. m&Y. IS"<?:. A&Y. m?< ?^6"?:. B&Y. J?2!:. N&Y.

m59!2?:. m&. C05. O0?<^"<^. 01 9! 1<?7"O. S59+!97?<O5. !+. =05. 5O56646?9"T5 . "<=?O=. S!9O"<5. ?!9="O. 9!!=#.>!<2" 59?="!<2.!<."#K$"%&'.=52="<^&.E! S,.&% J./$, I"2!.CZ:Z:.H:.dFEZd($&.

'&. V52561:.;&.f5?9=.G?6G5.="2245.5<^"<559"<^&.4"&6! T,2!.CZZT:.UV:.ed'ZeEE&.

d&. P55:. j&A&Y. /595"9?:. >&B&Y. x?<:. P&s&x&. Q++5O=. !+. 7!65O46?9. 2=94O=495. !+. S!61_^61O" 16. 5=059`. 95?^5<=2. !<. O9!226"<]"<^. ?< . 75O0?<"O?6. S9!S59="52. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "?6. M5<!^9?+=. 7?=59"?62&.. E! @"'-,5! 8.%! T,2!.:[[S:.(L:.(F$Z((-&.

E&. >!49=7?<:.R&s&Y./595"9?:.>&B&Y.x?205+:.V&Y.AO>!7,:.R&Y.P55:.P&A&Y.s"62!<:.m&j&.R5G56!S75<=. !+. ?. S59"O?9 "?6. ?O56646?9. 7?=9"M. ,"!7?=59"?6#. K"!O057"O?6. ?< . 75O0?<"O?6. 5++5O=2. !+. O566. 5M=9?O="!<&.E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!.:[[S:.(L:.LEEZLLL&.

(18)

. L&. /?234"<!:.Q&Y./?2O?65:.I&Y.B< 95!<:.A&Y.@"<?6 ":.I&Y.P?,!9 5:.N&Y.m?66!<":.A&.K!G"<5.S59"O?9 "47. +!9. 05?9=. G?6G5. ,"!S9!2=05252#. G# $"%&'. ?< . "# $"$'. O0?9?O=59"T?="!<. !+. <5X. O057"O?6. =95?=75<=2! E! 8.%,&! <6"! :[[S:.W:.FE%ZFEd&.

e&. m9?=T59:. /&N&Y. P55:. j&A&. B6=595 . 75O0?<"O?6. S9!S59="52. "<. ?!9="O. 56?2="O. ="2245. 42"<^. ^64=?9?6 501 5)2!6G5<=. 2!64="!<2. !+. G?9"!42. "565O=9"O. O!<2=?<=&. E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!. :[[a:. AV:. d(eZE%e&.

F&. fz<^5:. j&P&Y. N4< 59:. j&B&Y. j5<25<:. f&Y. R!075<:. /&A&Y. x!<59=T:. s&N&Y. f?25<]?7:. j&A&. @5O56646?9"T?="!<.!+. 5O56646?9"T5 .7"=9?6.05?9=.G?6G52."<.*4G5<"65.S"^2! E! S,.&% J./$, I"2!.CZ:Z:. )U:.EFdZE(-&.

(&. V52561:. ;&Y. P!T!<:. B&. J?=49?6. S956!? . !+. ?!9="O. G?6G5. 65?+65=. O!7S!<5<=2. 49"<^. ^64=?9?6 501 5. +"M?="!<#.Q++5O=2.!<.="2245.75O0?<"O2&.E! @"'-,6+!.:[[J:.(X:.$-$Z$'$&.

$%&. >!6!7,:. m&Y. I0!5<:. N&j&Y. I7"=0:. A&I&Y. P"< 5<:. j&Y. R"M!<:. A&Y. P5G1:. @&j&. C05. 9!65. !+. ^64=?9?6 501 5Z"< 4O5 . O9!22Z6"<]2. "<. O?6O"+"O?="!<. !+. ,!G"<5. S59"O?9 "47. 425 . "<. O?9 "?O. G?6G5. ,"!S9!2=052"2&.:-! E! 0.%+'/!.:[ba:.)(V:.$--Z$'%&.

$$&. J"77":.A&Q&Y.>054<^:.R&Y.I=9?=52:.K&Y.x! ?7?:. A&Y.I05"]0:.x&j&.>057"O?661.7! "+"5 .O!66?^5<#. B.<?=49?6.,"!7?=59"?6.+!9.="2245.95S6?O575<=&.E!.@"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!.:[ba:.():.ed$Zee$&.

$-&. K! <?9:.Q&Y.p625<:.Q&m&j&Y.N6!9"!:.@&Y.R!,9"<:.j&.R?7?^5.!+.S!9O"<5.?!9="O.G?6G5.="2245.O?425 .,1. =05.249+?O=?<=.2! "47. ! 5O16.246S0?=5&.E! *+'&.6! 4.&5"'$.26! <7&?! :[b\:.AH:.F-ZFE&.

$'&. m5< 659:. Q&Y. m5< 659:. I&Y. J"7<":. A&Q&. C!M"O. 95?O="!<2. 5G!]5 . ,1. ^64=?9?6 501 5Z+"M5 . S59"O?9 "47.?< .O?9 "?O.G?6G5.="2245.,"!S9!2=05252&.E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!.:[bS:.)L:.e-eZe'L&. $d&. V52561:.;&.C05.01,9" .?4=!^9?+=)M5<!^9?+=.?!9="O.G?6G5&.E! S,.&% J./$, I"2! :[[a:.X:.-(-Z-(E&. $E&. Q1,6:. Q&Y. m9"527?O059:. B&Y. m9"77:. A&Y. s!6<59:. Q&j&. C!M"O. 5++5O=2. !+. ?6 501 52. 9565?25 . +9!7.

+"M5 .S59"O?9 "47.!<.,!G"<5.5< !=056"?6.O5662&.E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!.:[b[:.(A:.$'EEZ$'LE&.

$L&. P5X:. R&f&Y. P"4:. /&f&C&Y. p9^"66:. R&/&. pS="7"T?="!<. !+. DV. O9!22Z6"<]"<^. 5<2"=1. +!9. 49?,65. ?< . <!<=!M"O.O!66?^5<.mBm. 597?6.24,2="=4=5&.E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2! @.CZZa:.L(:.E$ZEL&.

$e&. s"^0=:. C&J&. B9=59"?6. s?66&. ;<. BY%&.6,//7/.& 8.%&"YP 4'-1,&:. s&R&:. Q &Y. f?9X!! . BO? 57"O. /4,6"20592#.A56,!49<5:.B42=9?6"?:.$((LY.V!6475.$:.SS&.$eEZ$(d&.

$F&. I?7!4"66?<:. V&Y. R?< 49?< ZP! 2:. j&Y. P?7495:. B&Y. A?4956:. Q&Y. P?O?,?<<5:. >&Y. m59!2?:. m&Y. V5<=49"<":.B&Y.>?2?9!==!:.R&Y.m059?9 "<":.P&Y.IS"<?:.A&.C0597?6.?<?612"2.O0?9?O=59"T?="!<.!+.?!9="O. ="22452.+!9.O?9 "?O.G?6G5.,"!S9!2=05252&.E! @"'-,5! 8.%,&! T,2!.:[[[:.HX:.E'$ZE'F&.

$(&. /5991:. A&/&Y. I=1S?:. K&x&Y. C5<<:. x&x&. x47?20"9!:. I!6" Z2=?=5. _$'`>. JA@. 95G5?62. 5++5O=2. !+. =57S59?=495.?< .01 9?="!<.!<.56?2="<&.@"'1+F2! E!.CZZC:.L(:.$%FLZ$%(E&.

-%&. f?99"<^=!<:. s&N&Y. G!<. f"SS56:. /&f&. C05. 2=94O=495. !+. O!66?^5<. ?< . ^56?="<&. :5$! 0&'%,"# 4+,-!. :[\[:.)X:.$Z$'F&.

-$&. /9"G?6!G:. /&P&Y.C"]=!S46!:.Q&;&Y.C"2O05<]!:.V&A&.I=?,"6"=1.?< . 7!,"6"=1.!+.=05.O!66?^5<.2=94O=495&.. E! 8'/! @"'/! :[a[:.)(V:.-%'Z-$L&.

--&. K?6"?<:.m&Y.K!X52:.j&f&.C05.2=94O=495.?< .S9!S59="52.!+.O!66?^5<&.;<.*+, <6",#6, .#5 *,6+#'/'?F '3 O,/.%"#:.s?9 :.B&m&:.>!49=2:.B&:.Q 2&Y.BO? 57"O./9522#.P!< !<:.Dx:.$(eeY.SS&.$Z-e&.

-'&. A"652:.>&Y.m056?20G"6":.A&./!61759Z"<Z?Z,!M.75O0?<"27.+!9.=05.=0597?6.2=?,"6"T?="!<.!+.O!66?^5<. 7!65O4652."<.+",592&.@"'1+F2! E!.:[[[:.VX:.'-d'Z'-E-&.

-d&. I"!<]!X2]?:.B&.C0597?6.2=?,"6"=1.!+.DVZ"99? "?=5 .O!66?^5<."<.,!G"<5.65<2.O?S24652.?< ."<.,!G"<5. O!9<5?&.E! 0+'%'6+,-! 0+'%'="'/! @.CZZT:.LM:.FeZ(-&.

Références

Documents relatifs

Thus, if a grain deposits onto the inner flank, it flows downwards toward the center, which again explains why α remains almost constant and only fluctuates between the angle of

Au cours d'entretiens d'explicitations, les lecteurs ont été confrontés à différents évènements orthographiques dont certains sont des graphèmes normés, d'autres sont

To confirm this hypothesis, we will perform a regression analysis for different models derived from different lifespan ranges and using all experimental data in the considered

Comparing the temporal evolution of the local front speed of the non-axisymmetric gravity currents with the time-dependent solution of the one-layer axisymmetric shallow-water

(1989), dont les études portaient sur les écoulements g laciaires du Nouveau-Brunswick, ont tenté d'inclure les connaissances relatives aux éco ul ements g l

dynamique de la transition scolaire développé par Rimm-Kaufmann et Pianta (2006). Dans ce modèle l’enfant est au centre des systèmes. Spécifiquement adapté à la

In this study , projected changes to selected return levels of high flows for 21 watersheds , located mainly in the Québec province of Canada, are assessed

»(11) L’auteur, Said Mazouz, attire notre attention sur le fait que « Si les systèmes informatiques d’aide au dessin ou ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler Conception Assistée