أنظمة المعلومات: إستخداماتها, فوائدها وتاثيرها على تنافسية المؤسسة

Texte intégral

(1)

(2) – !" #$% &' ()* #$ + ,$-$. <^â‚ñ]çÊ<H^ãi^Ú]‚~j‰]<Vl^Úç×Ã¹]<íÛ¿Þ_ < <íŠ‰ö¹]<íéŠÊ^ßi<î×Â<^â mìæ

(3)

(4) ‫א

(5) א‬

(6) .

(7) ! " #$%. $+0 231 &' "A B 8) 8) . /") . - > ? 5@ - > ? 5@ - > ? 5@ - > ? 5@. . / '0%1 4& 5 6(7 :8) 9 : <'$5 = / 0> $+0 &' $+0 8& % C + $+0 8%$ D $+0. 2009/2008 : ".

(8) @ @. @ @õa‡ç⁄a

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12) ! "# $%&

(13) ' ,* * ...'%& ()*

(14).

(15) @ @. @ @pa‹Ø“nÛa ' ,* -.

(16) / 0 1%2 345 6 5 7 8 8 9! ( :; 4< =>? @A#

(17) >B - .C%! DE%6 FGHI 0 1 ! 345 I ' , DM)? N C%KL D9A? K J, 8 .... ' .' ,* -.

(18) / O*

(19) >B - P# /.

(20) ‫א‬ +,$. &'(

(21) )*. @. .- . 1. .123/ 45 :/! $,. 2. .$, . 3. .45 7 :/! 6+. 3. .45 9', :/! 8. 4. .45 <'= ::; 8. 4. ."5F9 G$" H% "7 1. 5. ., /B "7 2. 5. . 0 "7 3. 5. .45 >* 23 :6; 8. 5. . K1 – 7 A J 1. 7. .L"7 9 K B "7 M ) 2. 10. .45 ? /@ ::; 6+. 11. .45 ? -A= :/! 8. 11. .(6 G0 +09 B) O P QRS :C N 0 . 11. .W :V J 0 . 12. .45 &? B5 - C ! ::; 8. 12. .X RP 1. 12. '$: 2. 13. .0&0Y 3. 14. .6 Z Y5* 4. 15. .45 ? DE F

(22) / :6; 8. 17. ."A /8KN 1. 17. .%0 /8KN – 2. 19. .C45 GH2 :6; 6+.

(23) 19. .45 I' E :/! 8. 20. .'0: L[0 Z0&0\ 1. 20. .]^_ Z Y9 Z0&0\ 2. 21. .À W a b R 0) 3. 21. .`&'$9 b R $) 4. 22. .L"7 9 L "7 9 0^ ' 5. 22. .)2 45 GH2 J ::; 8. 22. .O P 8 c Y51 1. 24. .W Y51 2. 26. .W+ Y51 3. 27. .7?&?-H/ 45 ? & 2

(24) :KA2 6+. 27. .45 ? LMH 2 N 2O3 '- :/! 8. 27. .&5* 1. 27. .0B K P1 2. 28. .% ( P &' 3. 28. .45 ? P ::; 8. 28. ."7 W9 Y^ 1. 30. .20d"9 e$" @ f7 e /K 2. 31. .45 ? 2&'H/

(25) 5H ,Q :6; 8. 32. .$, RST. 33. .

(26) U5 F '- VU ::; $,. 34. .$, . 35. .'-W9U5 :/! 6+. 35. .X2R5 / 9U5 :/! 8. 35. .# g #$dR 1. 36. .# g h % 2. 40. .g ,$K@ 3. 42 42. .$)$T/ '- ::; 8 .Z K Z $9 1.

(27) 44. .Z $9 iA ([ 2. 45. .Z $9 '$ 3. 46. .Z $9 ,$K@ 4. 47. .<' ()* $/ C][ ` $9 ' $/ 5. 50. .'- VU <'=/ 9', ::; 6+. 50. .'- 9U 9', :/! 8. 51. .'- VU <'= ::; 8. 53. .'- 9U Y)Z// ' :6; 6+. 53. .'- VU ' :/! 8. 53. .&8 '$9 1. 54. .&' 9 '$9 2. 54. .(XWN) $9 '$9 3. 54. .'- 9U Y)Z/ ::; 8. 57. .'- 9U5 2,

(28) U! :KA2 6+. 57. .)2 2, H'-

(29) U! :/! 8. 57. .B&$" Z $9 # gK 1. 57. . K_ Z $9 # gK 2. 57. .j5 k Z $9 # gK 3. 58. .&8 '$9 Z $ # gK 4. 58. . 2, '-

(30) U= [A \ ::; 8. 60. .'- VU 2&'H :C] 6+. 60. .'- 9U ^ / :/! 8. 65. .'- ''5\H ::; 8. 68. .$, RST. 69. . 3 45H N '- VU // _ ÒaH :6; $,. 70. .$, . 71. .45 ? DE F '- VU " :/! 6+. 71. .b'5 D&'H c*/ $T :/! 8. 72. .V

(31) $ " [E ::; 8.

(32) 74. . Ad D&2, ;! 9_ J :6; 8. 75. .K& eA M4! V\+ :KA2 8. 75. .\ '5 " :C] 8. 77. .'- VU5 GH2 d _ J ::; 6+. 77. .'- VU5 fGH2 J / :/! 8. 78. .48 X RP L"l 1. 79. .g9 m P* %' ' 51 2. 79. .Y51 Z $ ' ( X 3. 80. .'- VU5 GH2 d Jg ::; 8. 81. .GH2 d '-

(33) U= :6; 8. 83. .'- VU5 GH2 d Oa :6; 6+. 83. .f45 Oa :/! 8. 85. . 5$ F Oa ::; 8. 87. .45 ?

(34) '

(35) Q '- 9U H :KA2 6+. 87. .45

(36)

(37) ] I' \=/ V*a -A= :/! 8. 88. .45 h2 J N '- VU H ::; 8. 90. .

(38) bi'j N '- VU _ :6; 8. 91. .$, RST. 92. 3 45H N '- VU 9_ 2O! S :KA2 $, .H 5. 93. .$, . 94. .2)?k F ,$A '- ''5\H/ 45 -l :/! 6+. 94. .&2)?k m' -l :/! 8. 94. .&2)?k 3

(39) - - ' ::; 8. 95. .2)?k F $HJ/ '- ''5\H :6; 8. 96. .O c e$5 1. 97. .no e$5 2. 97. .pKK_ e$5 3. 98. . $9 Z P 8 4.

(40) 99. .H 5 3 S J ::; 6+. 99. . K

(41) n :/! 8. 99. . Ko 8 =/ /= ::; 8. 100. .[g R'$T :6; 8. 101. .p)5 qS_ / - E :KA2 8. 118. . S J p) E :6; 6+. 118. .'- K*/ :/! 8. 119. .'- 9U K*/ ::; 8. 119. .45 K*/ :6; 8. 120. . S J p) :KA2 8. 121. .- r].

(42) ‫" ! אא‬ +,$. /k s'5. /k V*. 8. "5F9 "7 Z3F 1 1 ) C 0:. 30. f7 e /K ' @ 2 1 ) C 0:. 66. "5F9 m Z $9 $$P B / $/ 1 2 ) C 0:. 87. "7 f G$B 6 B Z $9 gK Z 0q5 1 3 ) C 0:. 89. Z $9 g P9 Z B / 2 3 ) C 0:. #$%‫" ! א‬ +,$. \e s'5. \e V*. 6. "7 Z3F. 1 1 ) 6P8. 10. "7 W9 r. 2 1 ) 6P8. 13. s H% '$: !tu. 3 1 ) 6P8. 15. a 5 0^$ RP H% 0&0Y X] Y5* v'$: vX RP !tu. 4 1 ) 6P8. 16. "5F9 /8KN "A Z %$w. 5 1 ) 6P8. 18. B # gK. 6 1 ) 6P8. 19. $ f7 G$) ?$x. 7 1 ) 6P8. 29. "7 W9 ^ '. 8 1 ) 6P8. 37. # g y XW@. 1 2 ) 6P8. 40. # g y 0&0l R+. 2 2 ) 6P8. 48. .19 |B & } m [e$5 n $] B. 3 2 ) 6P8. 48. L L [e$5 n $] B. 4 2 ) 6P8. 49. K_ L"l e$" $/. 5 2 ) 6P8. 59. R~$ Z $ %R gKN 6 P. 6 2 ) 6P8. 61. Z $9 # gK C$l 6^. 7 2 ) 6P8. 61. Z $9 # gK ^ '. 8 2 ) 6P8.

(43) 62. Z $9 # gK ^ 7. 9 2 ) 6P8. 63. Z $9 # gK &$/ ' 10 2 ) 6P8. 65. 6A 5$ Z o $/ 11 2 ) 6P8. 73. ( K1 L"l m n9 Z $ # gK @. 1 3 ) 6P8. 74. ( m Z!4 '0% iB m n9 Z $ # gK @. 2 3 ) 6P8. 77. Z $9 g Y5_ 'N. 3 3 ) 6P8. 90. B "5 ?$x H% Z $9 gK Z B / J@. 4 3 ) 6P8. 101. C '0% ."^ % a&$. 1 4 ) 6P8. 102. "9 Z o ,$K@ ."^ % a&$. 2 4 ) 6P8. 103. Z o H% 09 OA ~$ ."^ % a&$. 3 4 ) 6P8. 104. "5F9 m Z $9 gK " ."^ % a&$. 4 4 ) 6P8. 105. $9 P 8 , " ."^ % a&$. 5 4 ) 6P8. 106. pKK* C (* ."^ % a&$. 6 4 ) 6P8. 107. pKK* #0q5 ."^ % a&$. 7 4 ) 6P8. 108. pKK* H% a)$ D] ."^ % a&$. 8 4 ) 6P8. 109. a)$9 =7$& Z K P_ @ Z $9 ."^ % a&$. 9 4 ) 6P8. 110. Z $9 gK Z0 0&0 7 ."^ % a&$ 10 4 ) 6P8. 111. "5F9 dP Z0B Z d9 ."^ % a&$ 11 4 ) 6P8. 112. e$" (^ ."^ % a&$ 12 4 ) 6P8. 113. L"7 9 K B Z Y9 RP ."^ % a&$ 13 4 ) 6P8. 114. "5F9 Z Y &W ."^ % a&$ 14 4 ) 6P8. 115. 0&0 e Z Y P* "5F9 5 ."^ % a&$ 15 4 ) 6P8. 116. Z $9 gK ' 71 ."^ % a&$ 16 4 ) 6P8. 117. Z $9 gK m J5* &' ' ."^ % a&$ 17 4 ) 6P8.

(44) @ @.

(45)

(46)

(47)

(48)

(49)

(50)

(51)

(52) ! !

(53) !

(54) "! #

(55) ##(

(56) ) * + , - ./

(57) 01

(58) .$ %

(59) &

(60) 4! 5

(61) 1 $!

(62) & 23 4 " ! 4! 4 6

(63) #7

(64)

(65) #

(66) 8!#! ! 4 ! 9:

(67) "9

(68)

(69)

(70) !;

(71) </ 1 & = 8!#!

(72) !

(73) .*

(74)

(75) >+

(76)

(77) /

(78)

(79)

(80) 2 * 8!#! !7

(81) 4 ##( #

(82) "

(83) 2 % = 0 1

(84) ?

(85)

(86) & #

(87)

(88) 6

(89) #7

(90) 3$4 6# ) #

(91) %

(92)

(93) = @

(94) ##(

(95) " 4

(96) ! B . !# 5

(97)

(98) + A$ ./

(99) 01

(100)

(101) !;

(102)

(103) +! "= ##(

(104) A$ ? ./

(105) 01

(106) %

(107)

(108) 4 ##( %7

(109) C$

(110) " $#D

(111) E/= % 4 ? . !

(112) 4

(113)

(114) & /% =$ ! " & G #$ ##(

(115) F

(116) 1

(117) 4

(118) $ 2 % 4

(119)

(120)

(121) , ? =$ !

(122) 2

(123) > 3 8

(124) #;

(125) /$

(126) #

(127) 3

(128) 1 ##( . %

(129) ! %

(130)

(131) * #4 B . = ##( #

(132) "

(133) #

(134)

(135) > 3 9 B H4 "9

(136) * %

(137) 4

(138) ##(

(139) !# ! =7

(140) I ! )* 4 +

(141) E# # 4 1 J

(142) 9 9

(143)

(144) #

(145) ! & ?

(146) 3 $4

(147) 4

(148) H4!

(149) :

(150) > .

(151) #D = 5 +! ##(

(152) " 4

(153) , ! =

(154) > 3 3 =# 9: ! </ #

(155) ?

(156) 3 $4

(157) K.

(158)

(159) *

(160) ! =

(161) # 2 % ! +# 2

(162) ##( </! L #

(163) :

(164) > 4 C +

(165)

(166) +

(167) 9 / % . %

(168) %

(169)

(170) 4

(171) 4 ? #!

(172) #D # &:! 2

(173) 1 ! ##( * .23

(174) #4

(175) 0 +!

(176)

(177) K 3 =# >4

(178) #4

(179) ##(

(180) E/= * !&

(181) 1 6# ! @ # B > 3 *$! ! # " .9 +! =# 2

(182) (!

(183) 6 !#

(184)

(185) ##(

(186) 4

(187) #

(188) 4

(189) A$ </ * . %

(190) % %

(191)

(192) 4

(193) /= 4

(194) ? #!

(195) ! ##( ! 4

(196)

(197) +

(198) :

(199) > 4 B* 4 B 3 N =! @ #

(200) "

(201) 4 > # .

(202)

(203)

(204) ,

(205) 6 !#

(206) 2 ! @ #

(207) > =

(208) !/

(209) *+

(210)

(211)

(212) >3 ?#

(213)

(214) 1

(215) 9 & ?*

(216)

(217) E/= 6

(218) 8

(219) 2: #

(220) ! > + 94 !

(221) 9

(222)

(223) < % ! !

(224) 4

(225) 1 +

(226) 4

(227)

(228) #$

(229) L =G #

(230)

(231)

(232) +

(233) / % ##(

(234) 1

(235) >3 ! ! : #

(236)

(237) E/= 1 4

(238)

(239) /= *O! > +

(240) 4 6 #. ".

(241)

(242) !

(243)

(244) " :Q

(245) 9 5 ( # ( #

(246)

(247) /= )$ & R##( #

(248) "

(249)

(250) >3

(251) > 3

(252) = * R =# #4 A$ ##( !# ! 4

(253)

(254) ! = * R > 3 ##(

(255) E3 ./

(256) * R##( #

(257) "

(258) "9(

(259)

(260)

(261) = * ##( #

(262) "

(263) ?B #4 8 # B

(264) > 3 = * R#! + .

(265)

(266) " #

(267) "4

(268) *

(269) +

(270) +

(271)

(272) >3 ! > =

(273)

(274) ? : * ;

(275)

(276) /= 6 ?

(277) ##(

(278) !. ..

(279) $%#

(280)

(281) &

(282) # ! :+(! )!"!

(283) (* 7

(284) = "4 #

(285) K ./

(286) ?&

(287)

(288) K = )*

(289)

(290) /= # </ 0 +!

(291) "

(292) 6+4 ! $

(293) ##(

(294) A ./

(295) :)*

(296)

(297) /= H4!

(298) 2= T#

(299)

(300) > 3

(301) > 3

(302) A ,

(303) ? S T#

(304)

(305) ##(

(306) 6 %

(307) :

(308) S 0*

(309) # ?&

(310)

(311) .3

(312) 94! 0 +# 4 S .#

(313) 4 #! + ##( ! >+

(314)

(315)

(316) :-.%

(317) #& 0

(318) #

(319) D +! #

(320) #

(321)

(322) 2 % 3

(323) #

(324)

(325) </ 5

(326) +#

(327) U

(328) H4 !

(329) U

(330) ! #

(331) "

(332)

(333) >3 > K = E T#! + ##( H4!

(334) * 6+4

(335) 4 ##(

(336) + C4$! > & H4 !

(337) H4 C&

(338) 0

(339) +#

(340) >

(341) %#

(342) .#! + ! "

(343)

(344) : /! : )*

(345) #4

(346) #

(347) !

(348) +

(349) >= -% ?*

(350) ? %

(351)

(352) +

(353) ! +! >#

(354) K

(355) / )*

(356) ! S T , !

(357) )*

(358) $ ! V%

(359)

(360) /= #

(361) ?

(362)

(363) H4 )* ! "1 ! &D

(364) ?

(365)

(366) " S . ; 7

(367) A ! F!+ 4 $ % -% ?*

(368) 4 C+ 9

(369)

(370)

(371) #

(372)

(373) 0 9 H4 !

(374)

(375)

(376) "!

(377) !

(378) S &

(379) > 4# ! = &

(380) !

(381) #

(382)

(383) >3 2

(384).

(385) = %

(386)

(387) ##(

(388) 8 G 2 + #

(389) 0

(390) ? H4 !

(391) 0

(392) # 1 ##(

(393) E/= #

(394)

(395) * > & 4

(396) ,

(397) 4 * V/ 6 * 5 4 #

(398) * T!# 4

(399) %

(400) >3

(401) %#

(402) ! 1 ! ##(

(403) . ;

(404) % ##(

(405) C%

(406) 1 4

(407) H4 !

(408) > :-.% !" >+! )*

(409) 6D

(410) .*

(411)

(412) H4!

(413) 1 ! + #

(414)

(415) 4 )* ! !

(416) 8

(417)

(418) >= D% ! + H4 ! >#+ ! V

(419) D% $ 4 @* % >9

(420) 4 D% 8

(421) 4

(422) &

(423) A ! >+ F#: =

(424) U5 H4 !

(425) K %#

(426) >= .

(427) $

(428) D!+# !

(429) :! -

(430) = K > =

(431) 8

(432)

(433) 1( #

(434) :

(435) 4 7

(436) $

(437) 0 S " #

(438) 5 #

(439) & . # &

(440) 1( 5 %

(441) #

(442) .-!

(443) #

(444)

(445) #

(446) *; ! 1

(447) K & + 3

(448)

(449) >3 :

(450) 4 ./

(451) 9

(452) $

(453) S >3 >$ # #

(454) $ !

(455) > 3

(456)

(457) 4 "3 .##(

(458) K = K5 % K

(459) H4 !

(460) ! & %7

(461)

(462) /=

(463)

(464) >3

(465) %#

(466)

(467) 9: :K

(468) H 9

(469) $

(470) C% S

(471) >3 ! +

(472)

(473) "7

(474) &D

(475) ! 0 & ##(

(476) # .

(477) -

(478) +

(479) -

(480) 0

(481) # ##(

(482) # "

(483)

(484) ##(

(485) #

(486) = ?!

(487)

(488) $

(489) :

(490) % S

(491) >3 4 5#7

(492) >* !#

(493) >

(494) %# ! #! + *; ! +

(495) E/= ##( -

(496) >3 >

(497) %#

(498) 4 #

(499) .#

(500)

(501)

(502) 8 #

(503) E9: .

(504) @ @ @ @. @ @ßìÿa@Þ—ÑÜa @béma‹’üàì@óï

(505) ÐbånÜa @ @ @ @@@ @ @.

(506) & !

(507) :0!1 023 . ?! #

(508) G *

(509) +

(510)

(511) ! ##(

(512) 8 ! #

(513) >& ? </

(514) ! ?! < $ 6#

(515) % K K! ./

(516)

(517)

(518) !

(519) # #

(520) 6#

(521) G

(522) T##( ! * % 6#

(523) "$

(524) .

(525) ! 8

(526)

(527) ? #

(528) V ##(

(529) A ! "& L !7

(530) +

(531) !

(532) 2

(533) +

(534) 01

(535) -& ! # &

(536) ? % = # </ "! "!

(537) , H4 !#

(538)

(539) ! - 4 ! A $%

(540) - ./

(541) ! +

(542) ! * $%

(543) 8

(544) 1 H4 #

(545) 8

(546) D = # . #

(547) 1 #

(548) "4

(549)

(550) K T#

(551) ! "!

(552) #

(553) +

(554)

(555) +#

(556) > 1

(557) E/= 3 # #

(558)

(559) & ##(

(560) 9

(561) 4! .

(562)

(563) 4

(564) 4

(565) #

(566) "

(567)

(568) ,

(569)

(570)

(571) ? 2

(572) : #

(573) $

(574)

(575) /= # 6!# T#

(576) = S T#

(577) "

(578) / S TF

(579)

(580) #

(581) S . = #

(582) "

(583)

(584) #

(585) S.

(586) .

(587)

(588) ( :0!1 -.% ##(

(589) 0 +! 1 1 7

(590) "

(591) #

(592) =7

(593) 3 6 ) H4 >4

(594) H4 0

(595) # # = 6#

(596)

(597) $ : 9

(598) 8

(599) " ! 6

(600) 8 $ % . # &

(601) 1( .

(602) !&3 :0!1 45 >$

(603)

(604) /= U + 7

(605) "

(606) F

(607) V #

(608) >$ ! / S #

(609) >$ ! > =

(610)

(611) F +

(612)

(613) 1( # $

(614) ! #

(615) @

(616)

(617) / E !

(618) S !% 0

(619) 7

(620) "

(621) 8

(622) 8/ ! 3 2D%

(623) </ $ 8

(624) 2 %

(625) T*

(626) +

(627) 9 2 C % $ % 2 A # 4 .

(628)

(629) #

(630) .L* & +

(631)

(632) " : :! #

(633)

(634) . &

(635)

(636) 3 2 6

(637) #7

(638) 6

(639) /7

(640) K

(641)

(642) %

(643) ? #

(644) V "4 6# 1 1. ".

(645) -

(646)

(647) 1 -# 6+4 &

(648) F$

(649).

(650) "

(651) ;

(652)

(653) ./

(654)

(655) #

(656) + ! ! "9 ":1

(657)

(658) "&" : :! #

(659) 2 &

(660) ## 2. ".

(661) 6

(662) #7

(663) # . ! %

(664) ? #

(665) V "+

(666) " : #

(667) "+

(668) 2 1! #

(669) 4 !

(670) /= 8#

(671) &

(672) 8#

(673) # ! "

(674) 3. ".-%7

(675) Z1

(676) "0 $ 9. ! < #

(677) "+

(678) " : </ #

(679) "+

(680) 2

(681) 6#

(682) %Q

(683) #

(684) "0 $ 9 1! % .96 C 2001 "= +

(685)

(686)

(687)

(688) 2

(689) 2/

(690) "/! ! +

(691) 1 .96C ?

(692) F$ 2 www.arab-api.org 2007/06/23 ! % !

(693)

(694) & !

(695) 6

(696) / % !

(697)

(698) 3.

(699) !& 4

(700) >

(701) 8 G 3

(702)

(703) 1

(704) E/ # 4 ;

(705)

(706) $3

(707) V ;

(708)

(709) ? D% </ > 4

(710) # # "% "

(711)

(712)

(713) 4

(714) 8

(715) 4 ! 1. ".#

(716) "+

(717). 0

(718) 5 ! !+ # " ./ U >+" : :! #

(719) * 2 !#

(720) &#

(721) 4

(722) 8 #4

(723) +!

(724) /= # ! + 6#

(725) ##( >+ ./

(726) V4

(727)

(728) " : #

(729) "

(730) ! 2 2".##( 3. ." # ! + 5

(731) 4! ##(

(732) 6+4 =. ##( @ # !

(733) 01 = #

(734) 2

(735) E/= C %# .-% L ! 6+4 6#

(736) 4 8 # !

(737) )!* :$ 45

(738) 6#

(739) 4 8# # ##(

(740) #

(741) #

(742) ##(

(743) ! 9 ) + # # @* = $

(744) % ># ?$ 6+4 #

(745) ) & 1

(746) / H4

(747) 4 2D% ! $ % # : % % ! < #

(748) "+

(749) = :. 7!

(750) S1 4

(751) 6#

(752) %Q

(753) #

(754) "0 $ 9 "!

(755) ? D% </ >

(756)

(757) ##(

(758) E/

(759) # & = T $ A$% #4 > ! 0 +

(760)

(761) /= V ;

(762) / $

(763)

(764) 6#

(765) ! 7

(766) #

(767) K

(768)

(769) H4

(770) -#

(771)

(772) /= .-% %

(773) 6

(774) #7

(775) L ! 4. .C %

(776) >

(777) ) +

(778)

(779) 0

(780) # ##(

(781) # . .K#$ ?

(782) 1 2 Richard Percerou, Entreprise: gestion et compétitivité, édition economica, France, 1984, p 53. 3 Michael Porter, l’avantage concurrentiel, Dunod, France, 1999, pp 41-42. .8 C 2004 #;

(783)

(784)

(785)

(786)

(787) %

(788) :

(789) % ! #4

(790) 4.

(791) # L 6+4 B ) & 1 "& = :)5

(792) S2

(793) /= ! 4

(794) 4

(795) >

(796)

(797)

(798) 6

(799) #7

(800) .

(801) K

(802) ) +

(803) 4!

(804) D% # F + ) +

(805)

(806) = # ! ?

(807) ."

(808) $ ! + F + * 1. . 4

(809) 6

(810) #7

(811) F

(812) " & 1 *. E

(813) % -# # ?$ 6+4 !

(814) "& = :!

(815) S3 E! .( ./

(816) L !7

(817) " .( ./

(818) V ;

(819) #4 </ 6+4 5!

(820) "& = $

(821) % # ?$ * ./

(822) 7

(823) 7

(824) ? " & 5!

(825) E/= H4 ##(

(826) # > (

(827) )

(828)

(829) 5!

(830) !! 4 ##(

(831) 0

(832) O >9 & ##(

(833) # >4

(834) " " : * ! 23! =! 4

(835)

(836)

(837)

(838) &

(839) 1

(840) # # ! C % * !... #

(841) &D 4 ./

(842)

(843) K# ./

(844) . &

(845)

(846) !!

(847) * 2. . 4 $

(848) - ##( !. .

(849) 6

(850) / :- 45 – :5 9

(851) # ! T# N

(852) ##(

(853) ?& – !# – . # 0

(854) :! 6#

(855) ##(

(856) 0

(857) + D%

(858) / 3. .

(859) # –

(860)

(861) 9 81 . $

(862) :. "#

(863) 2

(864) =7

(865) 2

(866) 6+4

(867) / T ##(

(868) + ."3

(869) U5

(870) 4

(871) U5

(872) ! !#

(873) D% $

(874) 8 #4 T . ;

(875) : 9 . ++4 "%#

(876) 5 #

(877) 4

(878) U5

(879) ! !#

(880) =. .26 C 1993 5

(881)

(882)

(883) !

(884)

(885) -

(886) . 2/; <% 1 ! 2

(887) ! 1 .98C 2000 & 254

(888) 99" #

(889) "+

(890) ? !

(891)

(892)

(893) $% 0% # .#

(894) >=

(895) ! 2 3 G.LAVETTE et M.NICULESCU, les Stratégies de croissance, ed. D'organisation, 1999, pp 220-229..

(896) . ;

(897) – $

(898) : 9 9 4* ;

(899) $

(900) ! 2 4 #

(901) !

(902) .1

(903) D% #

(904)

(905) 1( :1S1 >& 1

(906) . 3. . 2 1. .

(907) . . 1. 2. 3. Source: G.LAVETTE et M.NICULESCU. Les Stratégies de croissance, ed. .D'organisation, 1999, p 227.

(908) H4!

(909) 4 ##(

(910) K ! &

(911) *

(912) %

(913) 0

(914) > </ # 4 . ;

(915)

(916) ! 6!

(917) E/= # </ # +

(918) E/= 7 T

(919)

(920) -

(921) "! % . & %

(922)

(923) /= N .(Downsizing)J

(924)

(925) ##(

(926) !

(927)

(928)

(929) F E/= %

(930) ! !

(931) ! ! *7

(932) 9

(933) 6

(934) O 7

(935) 6

(936) 2D%! .D a !+# * 8 ?

(937) D% </ > H4 "+ 5! # "& 0 ! K .4

(938) 5 # D,#

(939) " ! 8# #

(940) ! U5

(941) +# $ (Upsizing) ?#

(942) 6 = 9

(943) 6

(944) A$b (c

(945) ... %

(946) + < !

(947)

(948) 5 !

(949) )

(950) 0 * 4 K 1 D% > # 6# > 4&

(951) .(

(952) 6

(953)

(954) 0 9 > .

(955) !# ! (F/F∆) / () /)∆) =

(956) :&D

(957) D% ;

(958)

(959) 8 #4 : 4 HD9 = . $ T (Upsizing)?# ! #

(960) 6

(961) 6

(962)

(963) / 4

(964)

(965) !

(966)

(967) / (1 T9 7

(968) 6

(969) 6

(970)

(971) / 4

(972)

(973) . #

(974)

(975) / (2 J ! #

(976) 6

(977) 6

(978)

(979) / 4

(980)

(981) &

(982)

(983) / (3 .1(Downsizing) $

(984) 8 #4 ;

(985) H4!

(986) .

(987) >

(988) / K " 1;

(989) +#

(990) 9 .6N

(991)

(992) /= 2

(993) 4

(994) – ! 4

(995) – .( &

(996) /= O 2B

(997) #

(998) .(

(999) 6

(1000) H4!

(1001) # .(Crashsizing) .

(1002) D% ! # 4 T $

(1003) e "#$

(1004) "!

(1005)

(1006) 1(

(1007) .

(1008) %

(1009) 6

(1010) / 82

(1011) /= >+ T6#

(1012) #

(1013) 0

(1014) :! ##(

(1015) 0

(1016) + = f ##(

(1017) 6# 4 ! !#

(1018) =

(1019) !#

(1020) 6#

(1021) 4 8 #4 D% 0

(1022) 7

(1023) : 4 HD9 H4 0g

(1024) #47

(1025) F

(1026) 6# 4 0

(1027) = * ##(

(1028) 0

(1029)

(1030) /= 4

(1031)

(1032) ! !#