Tools for surveillance system evaluation: Reviewing the need for participatory approaches

Case not detected Farmer detects symptoms and calls a veterinarian No Yes Case not detected Veterinarian has a bTB suspicion and conducts a tuberculin test No Yes CASE

This classification scheme is based on the fol- lowing criteria: the type of disease under surveillance (exotic disease or disease that is already present), the number of

Even compared to the complete process of an OASIS evaluation, the use of participatory approaches to assess acceptability of the surveillance has the advantage to involve of a

In particular, the three-variable relationship between surveillance, intervention and loss avoidance; value of information, and non-monetary benefits are elaborated and linked

Risk-based sampling methods are built into most surveillance systems for VBDs, particularly those aimed at the early detection of disease, since preferentially sampling those

Five types of non-monetary constraints on disease reporting were identified in semi-structured interviews, including uncertainties about outcomes of reporting, transaction costs

The technique used was the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for leptospirosis agglutinins and a commercial ELISA kit for anti-N.. caninum

Score of 0: The issue of financial resources is a major constraint on data collectors and severely hinders their ability to conduct their surveillance