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HAL Id: dumas-02933149

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02933149

Submitted on 8 Sep 2020

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L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Copyright

La stratégie numérique de Russia Today France

Joanne Saade

To cite this version:

Joanne Saade. La stratégie numérique de Russia Today France. Sciences de l’information et de la communication. 2018. �dumas-02933149�

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École des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication – Sorbonne Université

77, rue de Villiers 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine I tél. : +33 (0)1 46 43 76 10 I fax : +33 (0)1 47 45 66 04 I celsa.fr

Master professionnel

Mention : Information et communication Spécialité : Journalisme

Option : Journalisme et innovation

La stratégie numérique de Russia Today France

Responsable de la mention information et communication Professeure Karine Berthelot-Guiet

Tuteur universitaire : Valérie Jeanne-Perrier

Nom, prénom : SAADE Joanne Promotion : 2018

Soutenu le : 23/11/2018

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! E!

Remerciements :

J’adresse mes remerciements aux personnes qui m’ont aidée dans l’élaboration de ce mémoire.

En premier lieu, je remercie Madame Valérie Jeanne-Perrier, professeure de Sociologie des médias à l’École de journalisme du CELSA et directrice de ce mémoire. Je remercie également Monsieur Tristan Mendès-France, professeur au CELSA qui m’a aidée tout au long de la rédaction de ce mémoire.

Que le chercheur Julien Nocetti soit également remercié pour le temps qu’il a bien voulu me consacrer en répondant à mes questions.

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