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HAL Id: dumas-02965631

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02965631

Submitted on 13 Oct 2020

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Copyright

Politiques culturelles et actions de médiation dans les

structures d’art contemporain françaises : étude

comparée entre institutions publiques et établissements

privés

Justine Marsot

To cite this version:

Justine Marsot. Politiques culturelles et actions de médiation dans les structures d’art contempo-rain françaises : étude comparée entre institutions publiques et établissements privés. Sciences de l’information et de la communication. 2018. �dumas-02965631�

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École des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication – Sorbonne Université

77, rue de Villiers 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine I tél. : +33 (0)1 46 43 76 10 I fax : +33 (0)1 47 45 66 04 I celsa.fr

Master professionnel

Mention : Information et communication Spécialité : Communication Management et culture

Option : Magistère, management et culture

Politiques culturelles et actions de médiation dans les

structures d’art contemporain françaises

Étude comparée entre institutions

publiques et établissements privés

Responsable de la mention information et communication Professeure Karine Berthelot-Guiet

Tuteur universitaire : Joëlle Le Marec

Nom, prénom : MARSOT Justine Promotion : 2017-2018

Soutenu le : 23/10/2018

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(21)

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(22)

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