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Variability of edaphic conditions in metal-contaminated sites at multiple scales. Two case studies in temperate and tropical environments

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(1)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 1

Variability of edaphic conditions in metal

Variability of edaphic conditions in metal

-

-contaminated sites at multiple scales. A

contaminated sites at multiple scales. A

temperate and a tropical situations

temperate and a tropical situations

Colinet G., Leclercq J.,

Faucon M.P

., Bock L., Mahy G.,

Meerts P.

Gembloux Agricultural University

Université Libre de Bruxelles

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(2)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Prayon

Prayon

(3)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 3

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Lubumbashi

Lubumbashi

(4)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

‰Contamination

‰Acidification

‰Death of vegetation

‰Erosion

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(5)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 5

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Theme

Theme

Soil TE content generates ecological pressure

⇒ specific flora

(6)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Questions

Questions

What range of ecological conditions?

What consequences for site characterization ?

remediation?

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(7)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 7

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Main results

Main results

(8)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Log (M

av

) = f ( log (M

T

) pH log(TOC) )

All Cd

Pb

Co

Zn

Cu

Zn

Site specific relationships

(9)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 9

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Differences between sites appear important because triplets (n=3)

seem closer to each other than to other groups

(10)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

When sampling density rises, the within-site diversity

appears much more important.

(11)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 11

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 1

Zn in vegetation units

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(12)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(13)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 13

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(14)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(15)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 15

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Importance of the state of soil surface : Lubumbashi

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 ( C ) A B Cu content / mg kg-1 Covered Bare

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COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 SR 1 SR 2 SR 3 SR 4 SR 5 SR 6 SR 7 SR 8 SR 9 SR 10 SR 11 SR 12 SR 13 Cu Co Cd Pb Zn

(17)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 17

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

3. Fractionation variability : Prayon

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

R R_OM R_L B B_OM B_L C C_OM C_L

EXC CA ERMn ORG Feox RES

500 11,000

35,000

mg

kg

-1

Zn

(18)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Univ. Univ. cont. M1 M3 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4

EXC CA ERMn ORG Feox RES

+ CuSO

4

2.46

3.41

4.85

3.65

3.81

3.80

4.37

3.41

(19)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 19

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Conclusions

Conclusions

High variability whatever the scale considered

Importance of redistribution processes

Definition of differentiated management areas

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(20)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(i) contaminations and physical-chemical conditions in the rhizosphere,

(ii) plant tolerance for growing in multi-metallic contaminations,

(21)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 21

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(22)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Acido-soluble

CAR

25 ml 1 M CH

3

COO-Na + CH

3

COOH, pH 5, shaking 3h

Easily reducible

ERM

25 ml 0.1 N NH

2

OH.HCl + 0.01 N HNO

3

, pH 2, shaking

30’

Organic matter

ORG

5 ml 35% (v:v) H

2

O

2

+ 3 ml 0.02 N HNO

3

, 2 h at 85°C

3 ml 35% (v:v) H

2

O

2

, 2 h at 85°C

10 ml 2 N NH

4

NO

3

in 20% (v:v) HNO

3

, 30’

Fe and Al oxides

FOX

20 ml 1 N NH

2

OH.HCl + 25% (v:v) CH

3

COOH, 4h at

90°C

Residual forms

RES

2x (5 ml conc. HF + 1,5 ml conc. HClO

4

) + 10 ml 10%

(v:v) HCl

(23)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 23

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(24)

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

(25)

Gembloux agricultural University

Soil Science Department

Edaphic conditions in contaminated sites - 25

COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Identification of mobilizable-mobile relationships

Relationship available / mobile soil fractions for Cd calaminary sites y = 0.0654x + 2.7098 R2 = 0.812 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 Acetate-EDTA Cd (mg/kg) CaCl2 Cd (mg/kg) CaCl2

r

2

Zn : 0.444 ; Pb : 0.265

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COLINETet al. EUROSOIL- Vienna 2008

Carbonated soil Prayon

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

EXC CA ERMn ORG FeOx RES Al Fe Mn Cd Cu Pb Zn 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

EXC CA ERMn ORG FeOx RES Al Fe Mn Cd Cu Pb Zn

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