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Pragmatique du langage et maladie d'Alzheimer : étude de deux projets autour de la poésie

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(1)Pragmatique du langage et maladie d’Alzheimer : étude de deux projets autour de la poésie Marie Ambroselli. To cite this version: Marie Ambroselli. Pragmatique du langage et maladie d’Alzheimer : étude de deux projets autour de la poésie. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2012. �dumas-01511151�. HAL Id: dumas-01511151 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01511151 Submitted on 20 Apr 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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