Summary of water quality analyses Petitcodiac watershed.

Record Number:

25550

Author, Monographic: St-Hilaire, A.//Massicotte, B.//Bobée, B.//Ouarda, T. B. M. J.//Arsenault, É.//Chiasson, A.

Author Role:

Title, Monographic:

Summary of water quality analyses Peticodiac watershed

Translated Title:

Reprint Status:

Edition:

Author, Subsidiary:

Author Role:

Place of Publication:

Québec

Publisher Name:

INRS-Eau

Date of Publication:

2001

Original Publication Date:

Juin 2001

Volume Identification:

Extent of Work:

iv, 98

Packaging Method:

pages incluant 3 appendices

Series Editor:

Series Editor Role:

Series Title:

INRS-Eau, rapport de recherche

Series Volume ID:

588 b

Location/URL:

ISBN:

2-89146-489-3

Notes:

Rapport annuel 2000-2001

Abstract:

En collaboration avec Roche Ltée

Numéro de rapport et ISBN demandés par Martyne Charbonneau et fournis par Jean-Daniel le

24 juillet 2002

15.00$

Call Number:

R000588 b

SUMMARY

OF WATERQUALITY ANALYSES

PETITCODIAC WATERSHED

© INRS-Eau, 2001 ISBN 2-89146-489\-3

ROCHE LTÉE, GROUPE-CONSEIL

INRS-EAU

Summary of water quality analyses

Petitcodiac Watershed

l;t-I3:IJ

N/Réf. : 21654-001

REPORT

JUNE 2001

3075, ch. des Quatre-Bourgeois Sainte-Foy (Québec) G1W 4Y4 Téléphone:

(418) 654-9600 Télécopieur: (418) 654-9699

INRS-Eau

Chaire en hydrologie statistique 2800 rue Einstein, C.P. 7500 Ste-Foy, Québec,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ... 11

LIST OF FIGURES ... 111

PROJECT TEAM ... IV

1.

INTRODUCTION ... 1

1 . 1

Context ... '" ...

1

1

.2

Objectives ... 1

2. METHODOLOGY ... 3

3. RESUL TS ... 4

3.

1

Jones Lake ... 6

3.2

Humphreys Brook ... 7

3.4

Memramcook River ... 7

3.5

Fox Creek ... 12

3.6

Jonathan Creek ... 12

3.7

Rabbit Brook ... 12

3.8

Mill Creek ... 12

3.9

West Branch Halls Creek ...

19

3.10

Other tributaries with relatively high bacterial counts ...

19

3.11

Other tributaries with relatively high organic parameters ...

19

3.12

Relatively pristine tributaries ... 23

3.13

Seasonal variability ... 23

4. LAND AND WATER USES ... 27

5. CONCLUSION ... 29

6. REFERENCES ... 30

Appendices

Appendix

1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

'i

1eX

_3:lj

O/Ref.: 21654-001

Inventory of point and non point pollution sources in the Petitcodiac

watershed

Water quality data from the Petitcodiac watershed,

1975-1999

List of water quality sampling stations

i

-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1

General appreciation of water quality in the different water bodies of

the Petitcodiac watershed ... 5

'jt·xemj

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Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Total coliform concentrations for Jones Lake (1998) ... 8

Figure 2

Lead (Pb) concentrations in Jones Lake (1997-2000) ... 9

Figure 3

Iron concentrations in Humphreys Brook ... 1 0

Figure 4

Zinc concentrations in the Memramcook River, 1997-2000 ... 11

Figure 5

Total coliform concentrations and E. coli concentrations in Fox Creek

between 1998-2000 ... 13

Figure 6

E. coli concentrations in Jonathan Creek, 1999-2000 ... 15

Figure 7

Total coliform concentrations at two stations (Mapleton road and near

the mouth) du ring 1998 ... 17

Figure 8

Aluminium (AI) and Iron (Fe) concentrations in Mill Creek, 1997-2000 ... 18

Figure 9

E. coli concentrations in the West Branch of Halls Creek, 1998-2000 ... 20

Figure 10 Total Coliform concentrations at five stations in the Petitcodiac River,

1998 ... 21

Figure 11 Map of the Petitcodiac drainage basin showing regional distribution of

the four categories of water quality ... 25

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e

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Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysios

PROJECT TEAM

PETITCODIAC WATERSHED MONITORING GROUP:

Éric Arseneau, M.A.

Coordinator

Alyre Chiasson, Ph.D.

Technical Advisor

ROCHE

L

TÉE, GROUPE~CONSEll:

Bernard Massicotte, M.Sc.

Biologist

INRS-EAU, CHAIR IN STATISTICAl HVDROlOGV:

Bernard Bobée, Ph.D.

Director

Taha Ouarda, Ph.D.

Professor

André St-Hilaire, Ph.D.

Research Associate

Reference to be cited:

St-Hilaire, A., B. Massicotte, A., B. Bobée, T. Ouarda, E. Arseneau, A. Chiasson.

2001. Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring: Summary of water quality analyses.

Report produced by Roche Ltée, Groupe-conseil and INRS-Eau on behalf of the

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group. 30 p.

+

appendices.

'it

e

_X3:j:1

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-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1

CONTEXT

The Petitcodiac River is located in Southeastern New Brunswick. It has a drainage

basin area of 1999 km

2,

and is home to approximately 120 000 people, most of

whom live in the Greater Moncton area.

One of the main features of this river system is the presence of a causeway. It was

built in 1968 when it became obvious that the Gunningsville Bridge could not sustain

the growing traffic between Moncton and Riverview. The presence of the causeway

has changed the hydrodynamic conditions in the river system. A debate on how to

best manage these changes and their effects has been ongoing for a number of years.

For this reason, a lot of attention has been devoted to this river system by the media,

various government departments (both federal and provincial) and the scientific

community in recent years.

ln 1997, the Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group (PWMG) was founded with a

mandate to establish and support a network of volunteers who will conduct long-term

water quality monitoring in the Petitcodiac watershed (Frenette, 2000). Since then,

water quality data has been gathered by the PWMG, in partnership with the New

Brunswick Department of the Environment and Local Government (DELG) at various

locations in the watershed. The PWMG has also compiled historical water quality data.

These past and more recent data allow for spatial and temporal analysis of the water

quality in the Petitcodiac drainage basin.

The Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group has therefore hired Roche Ltd, with the

assistance of the Chair in statistical hydrology (lNRS-EAU, Université du Québec) to

produce a report on water quality data measured on the Petitcodiac watershed.

1 .2

0

BJECTIVES

A first technical report (St-Hilaire et al. 2001) was produced with the objective of

providing a statistical study of the water quality and hydrology of the Petitcodiac River

and some of its tributaries. This report provided a comparison of recent water quality

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Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

analyses with historical (1975-1977) data. In order to facilitate the interpretation of

water quality data, an analysis of the prevailing meteorological (i.e. rain and air

temperature) and hydrological (i.e. freshwater flows) conditions was also included.

This second report focuses on recent (1997-2000) information and provides a general

description of water quality in each of the sam pied rivers and tributaries of the

Petitcodiac drainage basin.

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OIRet.: 21654-001

₂

-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quarrty Analysis

2. METHODOLOGY

ln a previous report, St-Hilaire et al. (2001) calculated mean values of water quality

parameters for each station sampled by the PWMG. From these data and other

analyses detailed in the first report, a list of tributaries and rivers with potential water

quality problems was established.

When possible, the criterion for comparison was a mean value exceeding the Canadian

Water Ouality Guidelines (CWOG). This was not the only criterion, however. Although

many values are above the Canadian Water Ouality Guidelines, parameters were not

selected based solely on these guidelines because they don't exist for ail variables. For

each water body, the parameters indicated are those that demonstrate high values

compared to values generally observed in the watershed from 1997 to 2000. These

values are considered as elevated relative to the mean of measurements taken on the

watershed.

Water bodies have been classified on a relative basis using an arbitrary code ranging

from 1 (best water quality) to 4 (worst). The codes have been attributed based on the

number of elevated parameters and on their average value during the 1997-2000

period. The codes have been attributed as follows :

~

1: average values ail below CWOG, no parameter in elevated concentrations

compared to the regional values

~

2: one parameter above CWOG or above regional average

~

3: five or less parameters above CWOG or regional values

~

4: more than five parameters above the CWOG or regional values

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OIRet.: 21654-001

3

-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

3. RESULTS

Table 1 presents the results of the classification of the waterbodies and indicates the

parameters that were found in elevated concentrations in each case. The table also

presents preliminary data on point and non point pollution sources located so far in

each waterbodies (number of liquid effluents, agriculture sites and bank erosion sites).

It should be noted that this inventory is in progress and has not been completed yet

for ail waterbodies. This partial information is nonetheless presented as it provides

basic information about possible causes of water quality degradation in each

waterbody. Maps indicating the location of these point and non point pollution sources

within the various subwatersheds are presented in appendix A.

Jones Lake, Humphreys Brook, Rabbit Brook, Fox Creek and the Memramcook River

are areas of concern (category 4 in Table 1). In these sub-basins, high bacterial

counts, as weil as elevated aluminium and nutrient concentrations are indicative of

water quality degradation.

At the other end of the spectrum, the first category in Table 1 includes the more

pristine sites, for which none of the water quality parameters measured showed

concentrations greater than the CWQG or greater than the mean concentration for the

watershed. This category includes Little River, the North-West Branch of Halls Creek,

Pollett River and Prosser Brook.

A description of temporal and, wh en available, spatial trends is given for individual

rivers and tributaries in the following subsections.

1;!·Iit:lJ

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-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

Table 1

General appreciation of water quality in the different water bodies of the

Petitcodiac watershed

Note:

For each watershed, the parameters indicated are those that demonstrate elevated

values compared to the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines or to the average values

observed in the watershed.

WATER BODY CODE LAND USE STATISTICS NUMBER OF SITES LOCATED

Agriculture Erosion Effluents

Anagance River 2 Bennett Brook 2 Fox Creek 4 3 Halls Creek 2 21 81 271 Humphreys 4 7 23 Brook Jonathan Creek 2 1 7 Jones Lake 4

'jt.Ië!:IJ

OlRef.: 21654-001

PARAMETER UNIT MEAN VALUE

1997-2000 (NUMBER OF OBSERV.) Iron mg/l 0,82 (34) Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 3574 (9) Aluminium mg/l 0,42(17) E coli MPN/100 ml 1435 (17) Iron mg/l 1,15 (17) Nitrates mg/l 0,33 (17) lead Jlg/l 1,35 (17) Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 5686 (9) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/l 0,63(17) Total organic carbon mg/l 13,3 (17)

Ortho-phosphates mg/l 0,06(17)

Turbidity NTU 16,8 (17)

Nitrates mg/l 0,35 (2)

Turbidity NTU 9,2 (2)

Aluminium mg/l 0,27 (26)

Fecal coliforms CFU/100 ml 350(18)

Iron mg/l 0,94 (26)

Ammonia mg/l 0,09 (26)

lead Jlg/l 1,48 (26)

Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 5181 (18) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/l 0,62 (26)

Total organic carbon mg/l 12,9 (26)

Ortho-phosphates mg/l 0,05 (26)

Turbidity NTU 8,28 (26)

Fecal coliforms CFU/100 ml 668 (9)

Aluminium mg/l 0,73 (16)

E coli MPN/l00 ml 1753 (16)

Fecal coliforms CFU/100 ml 539 (9)

Iron mg/l 1,70(16)

Ammonia mg/l 0,04(16)

lead Jlg/l 3,89(16)

Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 5773 (9) Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/l 0,85(16)

Total organic carbon mg/l 10,3 (16)

Ortho-phosphates mg/l 0,10(16)

Turbidity NTU 26,4 (16)

Zinc Jlg/l 19,2 (16)

5

-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIOUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

WATER BODY CODE LAND USE STATISTICS PARAMETER UNIT MEAN VALUE

NUMBER OF SITES lOCATED 1997-2000

Agriculture Erosion Effluents (NUMBER OF

OBSERV.)

Little River 1 (None)

Memramcook 4 3 2 Aluminium mg/l 0,30 (14)

River Iron mg/l 1,93 (14)

Ammonia mg/l 0,05 (14)

Total Coliforms MPN/l00 ml 3656 (6)

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/l 0,59 (14)

Total organic carbon mg/l 17,9 (14)

Ortho-phosphates mg/l 0,07 (14)

Zinc /lg/l 74,3 (14)

Mill Creek 3 1 Aluminium mg/l 0,21 (16)

Iron mg/l 1,14 (16)

Total organic carbon mg/l 15,6(16)

North Branch 1

2

1

_8'

_27'

_(None)

Halls Creek

North River 2 Total organic carbon mg/l 10,9 (76)

Petitcodiac River 2 4 Total Coliforms MPN/l00 ml 2679 (50)

Pollett River 1 (None)

Prosser Brook 1 (None)

Rabbit Brook 4 E coli MPN/l00 ml 4375 (25)

Fecal coliforms CFU/l00 ml 1733 (181

Iron mg/l 0,76 (25)

Ammonia mg/l 0,76 (25)

lead /lg/l 0,89 (25)

Total Coliforms MPN/l00 ml 14567 (181

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen mg/l 0,59 (25)

Ortho-phosphates mg/l 0,06 (25)

Turbidity NTU 13,3 (25)

Zinc /lg/l 19,0 (25)

Turtle Creek 2 Ammonia mg/l 0,08 (9)

Weldon Creek 1 (None)

West Branch 3

2'

8'

27'

E coli MPN!100 ml 2209 (231

Halls Creek Fecal coliforms CFU/l00 ml 390 (18)

Nitrates mg/l 1,19 (23)

Total Coliforms MPN/l00 ml 5101 (18)

Turbidity NTU 11,5 (23)

Values are for the en tire Halls Creek watershed.

3.

1

JONES LAKE

Jones Lake showed high mean concentrations of bacteria

(E.coli,

Fecal Coliforms and

Total Coliforms). Mean Total Coliforms in the. lake was calculated to be 5573

MPN/100mL. Figure 1 shows the evolution of coliform concentrations during the

summer of 1998. It shows the Total Coliform (TC) concentrations increasing from

lit-XÎW:W

O/Ref.: 21654-001 -

6-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

1660 MPN/1 OOmL in June, just after the spring freshet, to 12030 MPN/100mL in

October.

Heavy metals, such as Lead (Pb) are still a cause for con cern in Jones Lake. Although

the extreme values

(>

20 pg/U measured in 1 977 (see Figure 2) were not found in

more recent samples, the overallaverage (3.89 pg/U remains higher than the CWQG

(1 pg/L).

3.2

HUMPHREYS BROOK

Humphrey's Brook was also characterised by high bacterial counts (mean Total

Coliform concentrations of 5181 MPN/100mU and high heavy metal concentrations

such as AI (0.24 pg/U. The mean iron (Fe) concentration in Humphreys Brook

(0.94 mg/U was nearly twice the mean concentration for the entire Petitcodiac

watershed (0.49 mg/Llo A very high measurement (7.9 mg/L) measured at station 1 in

Humphreys Brook on July 15

th

,

1997 is the main reason for such a high mean value

(see Figure 3).

3.4

MEMRAMCOOK RIVER

Mean Total

Coliform concentrations

calculated

for the

Memramcook River

(3656 MPN/100mL) were slightly higher than the mean for the entire drainage basin

(3430 MPN/1 OOmL). Metals such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were found in relatively

high concentrations. The mean concentration of ZN was 74.3 pg/L, which is more

than twice the CWQG maximum standard. This high mean concentration was caused

by one sample with a very high Zn concentration (906 pg/L, perhaps an outlier value),

taken on September 14

th ,

1997 (see Figure 4). Aluminium (AI), was also measured in

high concentrations in the Memramcook River (mean value of 0.3 mg/Llo The CWQG

standard for this metal is 0.1 mg/L.

O/Ref.: 21654-001 7

-INRS-EAU. CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

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Fox Creek also showed high concentrations of coliform

(E. coli and Total

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th

,

1998

(Figure 5).

E.coli concentrations were also high during the summer period (August and

September) of 2000 (Figure 5). Mean lead concentration in Fox Creek was calculated

to be 1 .35 j1g/L, which is a value exceeding the CWOG of 1.0

j1g/L.

3.6

JONATHAN CREEK

High bacterial concentrations in Jonathan Creek remain a cause for concern (Figure 6).

A large number of samples taken in 1999 showed high concentrations (i.e.

>

648 MPN/100mL, which is the watershed mean) of

E. coli. There appears to be a

decreasing trend in the mean concentrations of

E. coli, as The high values measured in

1999 were not found as often in 2000 (Figure 6).

3.7

RABBIT BROOK

Total Coliform counts were only measured in 1998 in Rabbit Brook (Figure 7). Both

stations (i.e. near Mapleton Road and near the mouth of the brook) showed high

concentrations

(>

24190 MNP/100mL) throughout the summer of that year, but

decreased in the fait (Figure 7). Metal concentrations (Fe, Zn) were generalty lower

that the CWOG standard but higher than the mean for the entire drainage basin.

3.8

MILL CREEK

Aluminium (AI) and iron (Fe) mean concentrations in Mill Creek both exceeded the

CWOG standard. Aluminium concentration reached a maximum of 0.95 mg/L in

October 2000. It should be noted that , for the same sample, Suspended sediment

concentration and turbidity were also very high. It is possible that some of the

sediment may have contaminated the water sample. The CWOG standard for AI

concentration is 0.1 mg/L. The maximum measured iron concentration was 2.1 mg/L,

nearly seven times the CWOG standard (Figure 8).

'jt.I3:IJ

O/Ref.: 21654-001 12

-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

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3.9

WEST BRANCH HALLS CREEK

This portion of Halls Creek was shown to have relatively high coliform counts

(E. coli,

Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform). Two stations (Briardale Street and Wheeler

Boulevard) were sampled in Halls Creek in 1998 and 1999, while only the Wheeler

Boulevard station was sampled in 2000 (Figure 9). In 1999, the Briardale Street

station showed higher

E. coli concentrations that the Wheeler Boulevard station. In

2000, the Wheeler Boulevard station showed very high

E.

coli counts, reaching a

maximum value of 24190 MPN/100mL on September 24

th

of that year. Nitrates were

also found in high concentrations in this tributary. The mean concentration of N03

(1.2 mg/L) was nearly 10 times greater than the average for the watershed

(0.15 mg/Llo

3.10

OTHER TRIBUT ARIES WITH RELATIVEL

y

HIGH BACTERIAL COUNTS

Stations on the Petitcodiac River showed relatively high Total coliform counts, with a

mean Total Coliform concentration of 2679 MPN/100mL. In 1998, the highest Total

Coliform concentration (24190 MPN/1 OOmU was measured at the route 905 station,

in June. In September and October 1998, the highest concentrations were measured

at the TCH Bridge station (Figure 10). Benett Brook also showed relatively high Total

Coliform concentrations, with a mean of 3574 MPN/1 OOmL. Measurements were only

taken in 1998 and reached a maximum value of 17330 MPN/100mL in October of

that year.

3.11

OTHER TRIBUTARIES WITH RELATIVELY HIGH ORGANIC PARAMETERS

ln the North River Total Organic Carbon (TOC, 11 mg/L) was found to be higher than

the mean concentration for the watershed (8.2 mg/L), although not as high as some of

the tributaries considered to be polluted (e.g. TOC in Fox Creek

=

13.3 mg/L, TOC in

Humphreys Brook

=

12.9 mg/Llo

Halls Creek showed relatively high Nitrate (N03) concentration (0,35 mg/L), compared

to the mean watershed concentration of 0.15 mg/L. This mean concentration is based

only on two measurements taken in 1999.

Ijt.I3:jil

OIRe!.: 21654-001 -19

-INRS-EAU. CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

E. Coli (MPN/100mL) "'Tl

cë·

e

-" l'V eN -"" (J1 0> -.J CD CD 0

....,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C) 0 C) 0 0 0 C) 0 C) 0 (1) CO

m

() 0 0 1998/08/13 0

1 1 1 1

::J

1

~ ~

0 (1) -" ":::I" ::J 1998/09/13 ~ CD

-0. CD

....,

W III _ -CD CD

...,

cn~

-

<

_0.

-

ë)"

::J 1998/10/12 (J) ::J

-

0 ::J" AI (1)

iD

1998/10/12

~

IR (1) (J)

-

1998/10/12

OJ

....,

W ::J 0 ::J" 1999/10/07 0

-I

~ 1999/10/07 (J) ()

....,

(1) (1) _1999/10/31

?'

...

CO CO ex> 2000/08/15 1 N

1

0

'

1

l'V ~ - " 0 0 2000/09/24

25000 20000

:;

E CI CI

....

Z

15000 a..

:i

Ë

g

(5 ₁₀₀₀₀ 0

ra

~

5000

""

,

~ 0

~

N ...

~

~

Dates

o

Fren

c

h Brook

•

Route 905 Bridge

O

TCH B

r

i

d

ge

("') ~ N a ...

ro

ô Ut

~

Ut ~ Pollet! River French Brook

Turtle Creek was characterised by a mean Ammonia concentration of 0.08 mg/L,

which is lower than the CWQG of 1.37 mg/L, but higher than the mean watershed

concentration of 0.03 mg/L.

3.12

RELATIVELY PRISTINE TRIBUTARIES

Data gathered on a number of rivers and brooks in the Petitcodiac River did not show

any water quality degradation. They include Little River, the North branch of Halls

Creek

,

Prosser Brook, Pollett River, and Wei don Creek.

Figure 11 shows the distribution of the four relative categories of water quality in the

Petitcodiac drainage basin

.

3.13

SEASONAL VARIABILITY

Many parameters showed important variations over months. Aluminium concentrations

were higher in June and October and lower in August and September. The same

pattern is observed for E.

coli,

iron, ammonia and ortho-phosphates. By contrast,

conductivity and pH showed opposite trends, with maximum values in mid-summer.

These trends are directly related to the hydrological regime in the watershed. August

and September are the months where the lowest flows are observed in the Petitcodiac

River. In baseflow conditions, the relative importance of groundwater flow is greater

as dilution from rainfall is minimal. Groundwater typically demonstrates higher

concentrations in major ions (e.g. Ca

,

Mg, K) which translates into higher electrical

conductivity. Similarly, pH is generally higher in groundwater and greater pH values

are thus expected in baseflow conditions. On the other hand, many pollutants,

especially nutrients, are significantly related to precipitation and storm events and are

expected to reach maximum values at high flows. Although the months at which

observations are available do not cover the months of highest discharge (April, May),

the data suggest that various parameters, including aluminium, iron and E.

coli,

are

sensitive to seasonal variations in discharge. It cannot be excluded that high

concentrations of various parameters, especially aluminium and nutrients wou Id be

found in maximum concentrations during the spring freshet and storm events.

Sampling during these events could provide additional information about the general

state of the watershed and potential sources of contaminants of the Petitcodiac River.

lit.I3

:IJ

O/Ref.: 21654-001 -23

-INRS-EAU. CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

NOTE

Water

bodies

were classifie<! on a relative

bas

is,

based

on

the average values of numetous water

qual

i

ty

parameters measured between

1997

and 2000. watetbod

i

es shown

i

n

red

a

re

those

where the worst conditions were observed while green

represents

the oost conditions.

Ye

l

liow

and

ora

nge represent

inte

rme

d

i

ate

conditions.

Pa

r

ameters

used

for

the dassification

include

me

ta

ls,

nutrients

,

organ

i

c

content and coliform bacteri

a

.

Petitcodiac Rivar

)

Figure 11 Water quality in the various sub-basins of the Petitcodiac Watershed

LEGEND

M

:

metal

CB

:

collfonn bacterla

OM

:

organlc

materlal

4. LAND AND WATER USES

The City of Moncton Engineering Department has collected land use data for the

Greater Moncton Planning district. These data have been used in a Geographical

Information System (GIS) to produce land use maps. The information found in these

maps is summarized here.

The Petitcodiac watershed is mostly a forested territory, especially in its southern

portion. Logging is an important industry in the area. Older forests can usually be

found in the upper reaches of the tributaries located on the south shore of the

Petitcodiac. The lower reaches have been subjected to logging. The forest in the lower

portion of these sub-basins is therefore mostly composed of plantations, young forests

and regenerating areas.

Agriculture is concentrated along the shores of the Petitcodiac and its tributaries,

especially in the northern portion of the basin. Lands in the vicinity of the Anagance

and North Rivers are mostly agricultural. There is also some agricultural activity along

the Pollett and Little Rivers. Turtle Creek is used as the main freshwater source for the

Greater Moncton area (Moncton, Dieppe and Riverview). Most of its drainage basin is

forested, except for the lower reaches near its confluence with the Petitcodiac, which

is agricultural.

The largest urban area is the Greater Moncton area with a total population nearing

100 000. It surrounds the lower reaches of Halls Creek and Jonathan Creek in

Moncton, as weil as Fox Creek in Dieppe. The presence of an old dumpsite on the

north shore of the river between the Gunningsville Bridge and the causeway, has

recently been a cause of concern and was mentioned as a potential threat to water

quality, should there be a major erosion of the river banks at the site. Two other

urbanized areas are found upstream of Moncton, along the shore of the Petitcodiac.

The town of Petitcodiac is located near the confluence of the North and Anagance

Rivers, and the town of Salisbury is located near the confluence of the Little River and

the Petitcodiac River.

'jt.I3:i='

O/Ret.: 21654-001 27

-INRS-EAU. CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

Water quality in the upper reaches of Turtle Creek is of the upper-most importance,

because it is the main source of drinking water for the Greater Moncton area. In the

city of Moncton, Jonathan Creek has an important recreational mission. The creek is a

central feature in Centennial Park and water quality in Halls creek has been a cause for

con cern in the pasto

Upstream of the Petitcodiac, Lake Petitcodiac (the reservoirl is used by boaters for

recreational purposes. Angling (mostly for troutl is also popular throughout the river

system, upstream of the causeway.

Downstream of the causeway, on the south shore, the collected sewage of the cities

of Moncton, Riverview and Dieppe is received in the tidal portion of the river. There is

some seasonal commercial fishing (gaspereau, shad and smeltl downstream of

Moncton, in the estuary.

';1-Iil:14

O/Ref.: 21654-001 -

28-INRS-EAU. CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quarrty Analysis

5. CONCLUSION

Recent water quality analyses in the Petitcodiac river watershed show that water

quality degradation is apparent in various tributaries of the Petitcodiac River. A

classification of the various waterbodies within the Petitcodiac watershed, based on

the number of water quality parameters exceeding CWOG or regional levels, was

established in order to discriminate between rivers or reaches which are relatively

more pristine than others. Fox Creek, Humphreys Brook, Jones Lake, the

Memramcook River and Rabbit Brook ail had six or more parameters exceeding CWOG

or regional levels. Weldon Creek, Prosser Brook, the Pollet River and the Little River

were categorized as relatively pristine, with no parameters exceeding CWOG. The

classification shows that water quality degradation in the Petitcodiac watershed

prevails mostly in the tributaries in the vicinity of Moncton, as weil as in the

Memracook River. In the Petitcodiac River itself, only one parameter (total coliforms)

was found in high concentrations relative to the regional levels. This can be due in

part to the fact that most sampling stations in the Petitcodiac River were located

upstream of Moncton and do not reflect the possible influence of the tributaries on

water quality and also to the dilution of the contaminants in the river.

Temporal variations appear to be important for a number of parameters. Many water

quality parameters show increased concentrations during periods of increase runoff

(e.g. AI, Fe, E. Coli, ammonia, and orthophosphates during the months of June and

October). Others seem to be diluted or decrease with higher discharge (e.g.

conductivity and pH).

Spatial variability is also important. As seen with the classification scheme, some

sub-basins appear to be more problematic than others (classification 4 in Table 1). Some

of the figures presented in this report also showed spatial variability within the same

watercourse. Jonathan Creek for instance, shows higher E. Coli upstream of Centenial

Park than near Berry Miiis Road.

Ijt.I3:IJ

O/Ref.: 21654-001 -

29-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIQUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

6.

REFERENCES

CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). 1999. Canadian water

quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Summary table. In:

Canadian environmental quality guidelines 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers

of the Environment, Winnipeg.

Frenette,

1.

2000. Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group. Progress report: 31 p.

Geological survey of Canada (1982). Geological map, #1594A.

New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources (1979). Surficial Geology,

map #NR-1.

St-Hilaire, A., B. Massicotte, A., B. Bobée, T. Ouarda, E. Arseneau, A. Chiasson.

2001. Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring: Water quality and hydrological

analysis. Report produced by Roche Ltée, Groupe-conseil and INRS-Eau on

behalf of the Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group. 46 p. 2 appendices.

l;t·Iït:lJ

O/Ref.: 21654-001 -

30-INRS-EAU, CHAIRE EN HYDROLOGIE STATISTIOUE

Petitcodiac Watershed Monitoring Group Water Quality Analysis

APPENDIX 1

Inventory of point and non point pollution

sources in the Petitcodiac watershed

,

Rabbit Bro k

Â#

À

EFFLUENT PIPE SITES

 Point

SAMPLING SITES

• PWMG sampllng site

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Appendix 1

EFFLUENT PIPE SITES

.. Point

SAMPLING SITES

• PWMG sampllng site

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Appendix 1 (continued)

A

gricult"

_{'-' Q'}

~

1

lr

~

... ' ...

_{( ' .}

b'{!'J,~

·.·.rY

..

···'·e

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..

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"]

.

~~

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.

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·-W~'"

c::::..-.:...r

~

AGRICULTURAL SITES • Non Point SAMPLING SITES • PWMG sampllng site Map created by PWM

Appendix 1 (continued)

,

AGRICULTURAL SITES

SAMPLING SITES

• PWMG sampllng site

•

Appendix 1 (continued)

DRAINAGE DITCHES

SAMPLING SITES

~j

~~~~~~~~5

Appendix 1 (continued)

v

~'Bank~lirosionSurvey,1

_d

~

.

.--z;::~"'-L~~

SITES OF EROSION

• PoInt • Non PoInt

SAMPLING SITES

Appendix 1 (continued)

SITES OF EROSION • Point • Non Point SAMPLING SITES • PWMG sampllng site

Appendix 1 (continued)

APPENDIX2

Water quality data from the Petitcodiac watershed

Appendj)/ 2. Water quality data fram the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975·1999

____ ~~J!'J~~~y _________________ ~~!I~~~_.=_-=.~~_===_-_. . ·.I~!~~ ~~g '! .:~.!~~Q.l.li!. ~!I!~ ~~ .fJefffJ.~~'?~J _ A!-(rngiL) JALK--:O~~ (mQfl:Ü .. ~s !~9JLTlè0!'-ffm~Ql qa_ (mg/[fl ç:d (\Jg~q f'.2!!_!.tR!y~ ___ ~ ___ , ~l~JI RJv8!.@~L_. _______ . __ ._ . __ .. _ .. _. . _~~~~ _. _ .. __ ~ 1~!? _~:7.~~,~_~~_

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i~I~f_!r~=~~~~~11!4lUII:;~

r;1[:.~~~=~~ :~~~~~i~~~l:~J·::~~~:~~

.. _. _

_

_~. ~~t@~ .-_.~_;

f;j:

:~~;~;~i...

.

"~~:~[-~~Ji~~i_!?_~!~. _' .. p~Jt~!.~J3tv!!J~.~ln ~ .... _ ._ .. _.. . _ ... __ ~ __ ._. 197~O§J'?~ ______ 5_ ~~?~ ~!~:~~~__ 3~i3~_ f~~:}if~~iy!~-

-. -

~~~i~~r~·f!~·L.---.--_.

--- --- ---. ---.--.---.

~~~~:

---

~ ~~~~. ~i:~~:~~ ~~.~.~.

L_

~f~~~;~-g!i~~~t1:~~~:~--~~~====~::_-~~:~~jj~iil :i~l iif~!:

-li~1

tt_~~ ~~~ ______ ._ H!!!.~ BrookJt§.!!!..!._. _ _ _ _ . ___ ~_.____ _._ .. _ ~~_~ __ .? .!~l.~. ~~!~~~Q __ , __ ,._. __ ._4..1:~8

~~~:C~ it~-i!~:t:..

Of

~~~~-:=-====-===_

-===-=

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3iif

~-=:-~=~:n

!~~I::~:;!

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r···---

~:~9 --~ ~:~: ~~~-:~~

-

-·-·----1~3

--- -~--- -- - ---

---"---~~~~~=-~~~~~jP_~~==__=~_=_ =~-_=~-=-.=' fu~~

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J

_~;~ ~~}~~t_·~~~~~=--- ---~~;t~.

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----) __

:!~I-~~:.,~~II!_--~ ~~;im~ RN~~f.!!!L_---.. --.---.--. ______ .. ____ .. " ~~.~ _" __ .~ ~~~: ~:~~~~~_-_ ... ____ __ _ _~~"3---"---- --~--- --- --- ----"--"--- --- --- ---~~~:~.--- ~~T~~~~---·--~-·~-·--- '}~~i09 --~ }~~ :~~~:·~~~i-··-

- - -

-

44\

-~~;f~~·~~~~-_=-

...

:.;;;;~~;~~~~~e

______ . ___ .

-==-==.

f:~~~ ~1 ~

~lt~~~~

__

~

--.. _

~~~~~-.=~~·;t···

1_~_~~C!.8:!!.~~_. __ ._ C:c?Yerdeie RiverjL ~.I!!.!. ___ . ____ ... _______ .,, _____ . ____ 1~~~10 _ _ ~ .1~7.! ~2..:I~:~00534 _ .J_?.~

~~~~""~"~~-=ijli~~~-~ -~===-=~=-=-- ~="=~~-~."i:!!i~-~ :~iijp!~~-.~==~-..

~]-i~--~~;.~~-.. ----~~~@~~----.--~,--- ---.----~:~:~-.--_f ~:~: ~~}:-:~~--.-

--...

-

]:3-Haii.erôok--- -.--- - Halls Brook (fi) Sin 2 . - - - -1076xj7l07'- 7 1976 52-78-9400581" 651 ,BJ!!1i_~=-=--=~~:_ !i!il!-~~~ ______ . _______ .. _ _ _ _ ....

==-:==--=_ ..

~ 19761Oj~ '.~ ___ ~_1J.!~ ~?:~~~~ =~~~:-

_-___ .... __

~~_~~~}

~~~~~=:

-_

~~;-JrJ-~L=-~-~~~_~~~~:~:~ ~~=~=: m~~~ :~d"~~ ~l-EI-~:_m -:-=:-:~::~l

~~n.!~_~_~!'!~ ____ ~~_nl!I!!!'!9!!!Ml~!~_~~!l!~_~.!'!:!I: ___ . ___ . __ .... ____ .. _. __ ~.!~~.!!~!~ __ .!' 19.B1 ~:l~:~~!1..~ _____ ._ ..

~~;1~

6:::,---,-

~~~~~.~-.

---_.- --. ----.. -.. -._ ...

f~ft~:

"-H-

~:~%- :~:~~:~

--.- --,.

J~~I!i.~_~~~=_._ ~ëlh8nëf"k e8IO~~~~_·~fy~~:_~ _ _=_-~=__=~:==_ '-.~-=:~=~_ '1976111/16 _=~~[j_ f976 §f:~94~-=-~'-_ .... --- . Jonathan Creek Jonathan Creek Below Park CUlvertl 1976/11/16 11 1976 52·76-9400818

JOriiïthancr;ti-'---'- J"Onalhan Cree6( BelowslormsiNef'--'-'--"--- '-. ----.-.-.-1976Î11i18 --11 1976'

62:76-:9400807--~~:;~;~~~=~~ ~~~~~~~Jg~f~~~~~===~=:= -.=----==.~.~ .{~~We =~~'IT. ~;~ ~:~~~~if~~·

___

~bbll B!~! _____ ___ .. R~blt ~_~~.L ________ . __ . _ _ _ .. ___ ._ ... ____ ... _._._._ .... !!7~J.1!.!~ . __ 11 1Ql!! ~_~:!.~.94008Q9 ._~ ...

~It Br~~ ____ . ____ . ~!!l.~l..~k @Stn2. ___________ . _ _ _ . __ .. __ .~ __ ... _ ... :'J?~~1I1~ _._:~J 19~ ~:?.~.~~1f) __

~~!I Brook __ . ____ R~~OOk @ Sin L ____ ~_. _._. ___ ,,___ . ___ .. ____ ~ __ ~_~!.~.!.1tt!! __ ~ ~~. ~~:76:.94~~ !.._

~!~"I&.f!3r~~~ ____ -' __ ~~~~!.~ ___ . ___ .. ______ . __________ ._ 1.~~111/16 ._.~!!!rr6 ~:!~~_~1~. ~rdale.~lY~. ____ ~:!!'~~LRke!~....! _______ . _ _ _ .. _. __ . ______ . 1!!!.~~ __ 2 ~!1 6~:1!.:~_~~.? ___ ..

;·t:-h~f!ckRiv«---~_ir~~~----"---r-·---· ~f~-H

-.. -: ~:~~

~~~)~=~%--~.-pitiiëOdj8ëRiV"ëf~'--" Petltcodlac RlveL@LSln7 . :.--"-1977ië5i11 ~ .... 6 1977 62:7=;=-9400520" ....

_-~~t~:{-~~~:=~: ~~:

22 _______ -

.=-=-~~~~ J~~~J ~~~ ~

~J~~~~;~~~.~---~

.. ---

.-ï~lS~E~=~~;.~~~I~~~~t~~~~~==~ =-~-==-u_ m!l~--i ~ iit~?

_{JE!".~h.!!!.9.~4!!~ _ .-!~~~.!!an_C!!!~_~aal ~.~lll~_. ____ . ____ ._. ____ ... _ . __ ._ _~~Ty~.12 ... __ ~ JJ..?! 62.:n·~~6}

.

Pehlcodiac River Petllcodiac River@ Sin 1 1977/05112 5 1977 52-77·9400529

3 601 56i 4'

:~I

-i51 C'("gll)_

-__ J

'Û (mg/L) Cllenl-II i, "--'0

"

i,

,.

"

,

Appendix 2. Water qua lit y data fram the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975·1999

Appendix 2. Water quality data from the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975·1999

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Pon.n River PoII.1t Rivel1km Above Moulh FYlMG 11 11 19971OQ114 9 1997 54-97-441 0.021 le,. O. 7.6 1.4

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Appendix 2. Water qua lit y data trom the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975·1999

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Appendix 2. Water qualitydata fram the Petitcadlac watershed, 1975·1999

Appendlx 2. Water quality data from the Petitcodiac waters.hed, 1975·1999

_______ @Pocll1ç

Appendix 2. Water quality data from the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975·1999

Appendix 2_ Water quality data from the Petitcodiac watershed, 1975-1999

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